This document discusses various aspects of air traffic management at aerodromes, including the functions of aerodromes, services provided like air traffic control and flight information, runway inspections, responsibilities of air traffic control towers, flight priorities, aircraft wake turbulence classifications, lighting signals for aircraft on the ground, criteria for suspending VFR operations, factors in runway selection, obstacles and limitations, instrument flight rules within controlled areas, facilities available in towers, and definitions of key terms.

1. Air Traffic Management
Aerodrome
Air Traffic Controller
ESSAY
1. Function Of Aerodrome
To Organize And Expedite The Flow Of Traffic
To Issue To Information And Clearances To Aircraft Under Its
Control
To Maintain Separation and Prevent Collisions
To Provide Information And Other Support For Pilots When Able
2.
Service Provided By Aerodrome Unit
i.
Air Traffic Control Service: divide into 3 parts ;
1) Area Control Service
Provide ATC service for controlled flts except those
under App control service & AD control service
2) Approach Control Service
Provide ATC service for those parts of controlled flts
associated with arrival or departure.
3) Aerodrome Control Service
Provide ATC service for aerodrome traffic.
ii.
Flight Infomation Service
Provide advice & information useful for the safe & efficient
conduct of flts.
iii.
Alerting Service
Provide notification to appropriate organisation regarding
aircraft in need of search& rescue aids & assist such
organization as required.

2. Air Traffic Management
3. Runway Inspection
Prior to night flying,inspection to ensure all lighting are svc
including Approach, Runway, Taxiway, Apron,
Obstruction, Lightings, Traffic Light & Beacon.
Lighting not obscured by Long Grass or Obstruction.
Precision Approach Pattern Indicator( PAPIs ),where
installed are working & properly set up.
4. What Is ATower Responsibilities?
Provide Aerodrome Control
Alerting Service
Responsible for the active runway surfaces. Local Control clears
aircraft for takeoff or landing, ensuring that prescribed runway
separation will exist at all times. If Local Control detects any
unsafe condition, a landing aircraft may be told to "go-around"
and be re-sequenced into the landing pattern by the approach or
terminal area controller.
5. Flight Priorities
1) Emergency.
2) Search And Rescue ( SAR )/MERCY Or Flood Relief.
3) Post Accident / Incident Flight Check.
4) VVIP / VIP Flight Check.
5) Aircraft In Schedule Service.
6) Military Aircraft On Normal Operations Flight.
7) Aircraft Operating Charter Flight.
8) Private And Training Flight.
6. Three Classification Of Aircraft Air Wake Turbulence.
i.
Heavy
More than 136,000 Kg MTOW such as Boeing 747
ii.
Medium
More than 7,000 Kg less than 136,000 Kgs MTOW such as
Airbus 320& Boeing 757.
iii.
Light
Less than 7,000 Kg MTOW such as Cessna 172& Pc 7

3. Air Traffic Management
7. Light Signal Of Aircraft On The Ground
i.
Steady Green = Cleared for Take - Off
ii.
Steady Red
iii.
Green Flashes =Cleared for taxi
iv.
Red Flashes
v.
White Flashes =Return to starting point
=Stop
=Immediately taxi clear of runway in use
8. State the criteria whenVFR operation at an aerodrome within a control zone
shall be suspended.
i.
4 / 8 More Below 1500 Feet
ii.
Visibility Less Than 5 Kilometres
9. Selection Of Runway In Use
i.
Aircraft Type
ii.
Wind Velocity
iii.
Effective Length Of Runway
iv.
Taxing Distances
v.
Weather Phenomena ( E.g wake turbulence effect & wind shear )
vi.
Availability Of Approach Aids
vii.
Disposition Of Other Aircraft
10. Obstacles And Limitation
Anything that penetrates above the ground level of an aerodrome.
Temporary.
Permanent.
11. Circuit Pattern

4. Air Traffic Management
12. Declares Distances
i.
TORA( Take - Off Run Available )
ii.
TODA( Take – Off Distance Available )
iii.
ASDA( Accelerate Stop Distance Available )
iv.
LDA( Landing Distance Available )
v.
EDA ( Emergency Distance Available )
13. IFR Within Control Area
i.
Submit Flight Plan
ii.
Obtain Air Traffic Controller Clearance
iii.
Two Way Communication
iv.
IFR Rated Aircraft Equipped Instance
14. StateFive Of Facilities Available At Tower
i.
Radio
ii.
Headset&Microphone
iii.
Transceiver & Speakers
iv.
Radio & Telephone Selector Panels&Intercom
v.
Main Power & Back-Up Power.
15.Defined OfMeans
Aerodrome
 A defined area on land/water intended to be used either wholly
/ in part for arrival,departure & surface movement of aircraft.
Maneuvering Area
 That part of an aerodrome to be used for the take-off,landing &
taxing of aircraft Excluding Aprons
Movement Area
 That part of an aerodrome to be used for the take-off,landing&
taxing of aircraft Including Maneuvering Area and Aprons.
Runway
 Rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for the landing
and take-off of aircraft.
Clearway
 Clearway is an area beyond the runway which cleared of major
obstacles and is suitable for aircraft to fly over .

5. Air Traffic Management
TORA
 The length of runway declared available & suitable for the
ground run of an aeroplane taking off.
TODA
 The length of the take-off runway available plus the length of
clearway available.
ASDA
 The length of the Take-Off Run Availableplus the length of
stopway available if one is provided.TORA + Runway
16. What Is The Difference Between VFRAnd IFR?
VFR
 A flight conducted IAW the Visual Flight Rules
IFR
 A flight conducted IAW the Instrument Flight Rules
17. State The Colour Of The Light For The Following?
a) Runway Edge Light
= WHITE
b) Threshold Light
= GREEN
c) Runway End Lights
= RED
d) Taxiway Edge Lights = BLUE
18. What instruction and information need to be passed to an aircraft which
requesting Start Up Clearance?
Runway in use
QNH, Temperature, Time check up and Any other information
19. What action to be taken by controllers at any unservicebility or obstruction
observed during airfield inspection?
Notices To Airmen ( NOTAMs )
SATCO Advise
Log Bookslaids for Air Traffic Controllers
Give Pilot Information about what happen an airfield that time.