2. z
It is acquired immune deficiency disease.
It is caused by retrovirus Human Immuno
Deficiency virus (HIV).
HIV was first detected in 1981 by Robert Gallo &
Luc montagnier in USA.
The virus as a protein Gp120 on its surface using
which it bind with CD-4 antigens found on T–
helper cell and the macrophage ,therefore
macrophage are called HIV factories.
WHAT IS AIDS ? HIV IS OF TWO TYPES
HIV - I
Common
Type
HIV – II
Transmit
less
efficiently
than HIV - I
4. STURCTURE OF HIV
• The human immunodeficiency viruses are 120 nm in
diameter.
• Roughly spherical in shape.
• It’s envelop is made up of Lipid, in which the trimeric
transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 and the surface
glycoprotein gp120 is attached is embedded. These two viral
proteins are responsible for attachment to the host cell and
are encoded by the env gene of the viral RNA genome.
• In matrix protein p17, the core proteins p24 and p6 and the
nucleocapsid protein p7 are bound to RNA genome
• RNA that codes for virus nine genes enclosed by a conical
capsid composed of 2000 copies of viral protein p 24.
• Enzymes required for virus to develop in host cell are reverse
transcriptase ,protease, ribonuclease , and integrase are
present.
5. z
• HIV–I enter to macrophage and CD4 cell
+T lymphocyte cell is mediated through
interaction of virion envelope glycoprotein
(Gp120) with CD4 molecule on target
cell’s membrane and also with chemokine
co-receptor CCR5.
The following steps are involve in HIV
development are :
1. Entry
2. Replication and transcription
3. Release and assembly
4.Multiplication step
HIV can also spread by cell to cell
transmission
Pathogenesis of HIV
7. z
Primary symptoms
See in 2 to 6 weeks
Latency Period/ Pre-infection period
• Period last a medium about 10 year old.
• Swollen lymph nodes of arms,neck, groin,
SYMPTOMS
AIDS / LAST PERIOD
• CD4+T < 200 Cells/ μL
• Rapid weight loss.
• Recurring fever or profuse night sweats.
• Extreme and unexplained tiredness.
• Prolonged swelling of the lymph glands in the
armpits, groin, or neck.
• Diarrhea that lasts for more than a week.
• Sores of the mouth, anus, or genitals.
• Pneumonia.
• 2 cancer :CNS lymphoma,cervical
cancer
8. z
Transmission
HIV can transfer by breast feeding, open wound contacts,bitten, multiple sex
partner, oral sex and deep kissing
9. DIAGONSIS
• HIV antibody assays by ELISA.
• Viral Load Test
• Western Blot
• Saliva Tests
• Home Tests(Home Access Express Test)
• Treatment
• HIV medicine is called antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Zidovudine , Tenofovir, Lamivudine . some other medicines
ritonavir , tipranavir , atazanavir , darunavir & fosamprenavir
• Taking HIV medicine does not prevent transmission of
other sexually transmitted diseases.
10. PREVENTIONS
• Early diagnosis and assessment.
• HIV testing and treatment.
• Never share needle and use sterile needle.
• Provide antiretroviral treatment.
• Avoid unprotected sex.
• Early treatment of HIV infected pregnant
women.
• HIV infected mothers should feed their baby
formula milk.
