Control Loop Foundation - Batch And Continous ProcessesEmerson Exchange
This presentation, by Emerson's Terry Blevins and Mark Nixon, is a guide for engineers, managers, technicians, and others that are new to process control or experienced control engineers who are unfamiliar with multi-loop control techniques.
Their book is available in the ISA Bookstore at: http://emrsn.co/1E
Control Loop Foundation - Batch And Continous ProcessesEmerson Exchange
This presentation, by Emerson's Terry Blevins and Mark Nixon, is a guide for engineers, managers, technicians, and others that are new to process control or experienced control engineers who are unfamiliar with multi-loop control techniques.
Their book is available in the ISA Bookstore at: http://emrsn.co/1E
In this session you will learn:
Instruments
Sensors
Transmitters
For more information, visit: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/industrial-automation/complete-training-on-industrial-automation-for-beginners/
Simple robust autotuning rules for 2-DoF PI controllersISA Interchange
This paper addresses the problem of providing simple tuning rules for a Two-Degree-of-Freedom (2-DoF) PI controller (PI2) with robustness considerations. The introduction of robustness as a matter of primary concern is by now well established among the control community. Among the different ways of introducing a robustness constraint into the design stage, the purpose of this paper is to use the maximum sensitivity value as the design parameter. In order to deal with the well known performance/robustness tradeoff, an analysis is conducted first that allows the determination of the lowest closed-loop time constant that guarantees a desired robustness. From that point, an analytical design is conducted for the assignment of the load-disturbance dynamics followed by the tuning of the set-point weight factor in order to match, as much as possible, the set-point-to-output dynamics according to a first-order-plus-dead-time dynamics. Simple tuning rules are generated by considering specific values for the maximum sensitivity value. These tuning rules, provide all the controller parameters parameterized in terms of the open-loop normalized dead-time allowing the user to select a high/medium/low robust closed-loop control system. The proposed autotuning expressions are therefore compared with other well known tuning rules also conceived by using the same robustness measure, showing that the proposed approach is able to guarantee the same robustness level and improve the system time performance.
the main intention of this presentation is to give information my overall experience, as a Document Engineer in Oil and Gas sector (drilling equipment Top side)
The Advanced Power Reactor 1400 MWe (APR1400) is a standard evolutionary advanced light water reactor
(ALWR) in the Republic of Korea developed in 2002. The design is based on the experience that has been
accumulated through the development, construction, and operation of OPR1000, the Optimum Power Reactor
1000MWe, the first standard pressurized water reactor (PWR) plant in Korea. APR1400 also utilizes state-of-the-art
proven technology and incorporates a number of advanced design features to meet the utility’s needs for enhanced
economic goals and to address the new licensing safety issues and requirements for an improved plant safety.
During the 1980s, Korea launched the technology self-reliance program on every aspect of a nuclear power plant
construction project and accomplished the nuclear technology self-reliance through the OPR1000 design and
construction projects. Currently (as of August 2010), a total of 8 OPR1000 units are in operation with excellent
performance and 4 units of the latest version of OPR1000 are under construction and will be in commercial operation
in 2010 through 2012. The repeated construction and subsequent operation of OPR1000 units brought forth
internationally competitive construction technology and outstanding plant operation and maintenance capabilities.
Based on the self-reliant technology and experience accumulated through the design, construction, operation and
maintenance of OPR1000, Korea launched the APR1400 development project in 1992 and completed its standard
design in 2002.
This a compilation of the overall process in conducting energy audit based on my personal experiences, training that I attended in Malaysia, India and Japan and information sharing between fellow EE practitioners.Not to forget references from books and internet.
I believe this would benefit to those who wants to understand what is energy audit all about for beginners to become an energy auditor and to facilities owners to assess the need to conduct energy audit and energy audit proposals submitted by consultants
In this session you will learn:
Instruments
Sensors
Transmitters
For more information, visit: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/industrial-automation/complete-training-on-industrial-automation-for-beginners/
Simple robust autotuning rules for 2-DoF PI controllersISA Interchange
This paper addresses the problem of providing simple tuning rules for a Two-Degree-of-Freedom (2-DoF) PI controller (PI2) with robustness considerations. The introduction of robustness as a matter of primary concern is by now well established among the control community. Among the different ways of introducing a robustness constraint into the design stage, the purpose of this paper is to use the maximum sensitivity value as the design parameter. In order to deal with the well known performance/robustness tradeoff, an analysis is conducted first that allows the determination of the lowest closed-loop time constant that guarantees a desired robustness. From that point, an analytical design is conducted for the assignment of the load-disturbance dynamics followed by the tuning of the set-point weight factor in order to match, as much as possible, the set-point-to-output dynamics according to a first-order-plus-dead-time dynamics. Simple tuning rules are generated by considering specific values for the maximum sensitivity value. These tuning rules, provide all the controller parameters parameterized in terms of the open-loop normalized dead-time allowing the user to select a high/medium/low robust closed-loop control system. The proposed autotuning expressions are therefore compared with other well known tuning rules also conceived by using the same robustness measure, showing that the proposed approach is able to guarantee the same robustness level and improve the system time performance.
the main intention of this presentation is to give information my overall experience, as a Document Engineer in Oil and Gas sector (drilling equipment Top side)
The Advanced Power Reactor 1400 MWe (APR1400) is a standard evolutionary advanced light water reactor
(ALWR) in the Republic of Korea developed in 2002. The design is based on the experience that has been
accumulated through the development, construction, and operation of OPR1000, the Optimum Power Reactor
1000MWe, the first standard pressurized water reactor (PWR) plant in Korea. APR1400 also utilizes state-of-the-art
proven technology and incorporates a number of advanced design features to meet the utility’s needs for enhanced
economic goals and to address the new licensing safety issues and requirements for an improved plant safety.
During the 1980s, Korea launched the technology self-reliance program on every aspect of a nuclear power plant
construction project and accomplished the nuclear technology self-reliance through the OPR1000 design and
construction projects. Currently (as of August 2010), a total of 8 OPR1000 units are in operation with excellent
performance and 4 units of the latest version of OPR1000 are under construction and will be in commercial operation
in 2010 through 2012. The repeated construction and subsequent operation of OPR1000 units brought forth
internationally competitive construction technology and outstanding plant operation and maintenance capabilities.
Based on the self-reliant technology and experience accumulated through the design, construction, operation and
maintenance of OPR1000, Korea launched the APR1400 development project in 1992 and completed its standard
design in 2002.
This a compilation of the overall process in conducting energy audit based on my personal experiences, training that I attended in Malaysia, India and Japan and information sharing between fellow EE practitioners.Not to forget references from books and internet.
I believe this would benefit to those who wants to understand what is energy audit all about for beginners to become an energy auditor and to facilities owners to assess the need to conduct energy audit and energy audit proposals submitted by consultants
A large part of the Norwegian gas and oil production facilities has reached their initial design life, but the respective fields are still producing substantial levels of hydrocarbons. In order to ensure technical and operational integrity of these ageing facilities the Norwegian oil industry Association (OLF) has initiated a project to establish the necessary standards and guidelines for assessing and ensuring safe life extensions. This paper presents this project and the headlines of these standards and guidelines.
A review on predictive maintenance technique for nuclear reactor cooling sys...IJECEIAES
Reactor TRIGA PUSPATI (RTP) is the only research nuclear reactor in Malaysia. Maintenance of RTP is crucial which affects its safety and reliability. Currently, RTP maintenance strategies used corrective and preventative which involved many sensors and equipment conditions. The existing preventive maintenance method takes a longer time to complete the entire system’s maintenance inspection. This study has investigated new predictive maintenance techniques for developing RTP predictive maintenance for primary cooling systems using machine learning (ML) and augmented reality (AR). Fifty papers from recent referred publications in the nuclear areas were reviewed and compared. Detailed comparison of ML techniques, parameters involved in the coolant system and AR design techniques were done. Multiclass support vector machines (SVMs), artificial neural network (ANN), long short-term memory (LSTM), feed forward back propagation (FFBP), graph neural networks-feed forward back propagation (GNN-FFBP) and ANN were used for the machine learning techniques for the nuclear reactor. Temperature, water flow, and water pressure were crucial parameters used in monitoring a nuclear reactor. Image marker-based techniques were mainly used by smart glass view and handheld devices. A switch knob with handle switch, pipe valve and machine feature were used for object detection in AR markerless technique. This study is significant and found seven recent papers closely related to the development of predictive maintenance for a research nuclear reactor in Malaysia.
Переможці та фіналісти дитячо-юнацького конкурсу творчості «Енергоатом: роби...НАЕК «Енергоатом»
Творчий конкурс проходив під гаслом «Енергоатом: робимо Україну світлішою» і в ньому вперше брали участь діти Іванківського району, де Енергоатом вже кілька років веде виробничу діяльність та реалізує низку соціальних і просвітницьких проектів. Зважаючи на важливість екологічних аспектів у діяльності Компанії, організатори конкурсу цьогоріч додали нову номінацію – «Екоарт», художні вироби з використанням вторинної сировини.
За підсумками 2018 року АЕС України забезпечили не тільки стабільність ОЕС України, але й 53,1% електроенергії для українських споживачів. Енергетична галузь України була та залишається гарантом економічної стабільності та сталого розвитку держави, а Енергоатом – ключовим елементом вітчизняної енергогенерації.
ViewShift: Hassle-free Dynamic Policy Enforcement for Every Data LakeWalaa Eldin Moustafa
Dynamic policy enforcement is becoming an increasingly important topic in today’s world where data privacy and compliance is a top priority for companies, individuals, and regulators alike. In these slides, we discuss how LinkedIn implements a powerful dynamic policy enforcement engine, called ViewShift, and integrates it within its data lake. We show the query engine architecture and how catalog implementations can automatically route table resolutions to compliance-enforcing SQL views. Such views have a set of very interesting properties: (1) They are auto-generated from declarative data annotations. (2) They respect user-level consent and preferences (3) They are context-aware, encoding a different set of transformations for different use cases (4) They are portable; while the SQL logic is only implemented in one SQL dialect, it is accessible in all engines.
#SQL #Views #Privacy #Compliance #DataLake
Adjusting OpenMP PageRank : SHORT REPORT / NOTESSubhajit Sahu
For massive graphs that fit in RAM, but not in GPU memory, it is possible to take
advantage of a shared memory system with multiple CPUs, each with multiple cores, to
accelerate pagerank computation. If the NUMA architecture of the system is properly taken
into account with good vertex partitioning, the speedup can be significant. To take steps in
this direction, experiments are conducted to implement pagerank in OpenMP using two
different approaches, uniform and hybrid. The uniform approach runs all primitives required
for pagerank in OpenMP mode (with multiple threads). On the other hand, the hybrid
approach runs certain primitives in sequential mode (i.e., sumAt, multiply).
06-04-2024 - NYC Tech Week - Discussion on Vector Databases, Unstructured Data and AI
Discussion on Vector Databases, Unstructured Data and AI
https://www.meetup.com/unstructured-data-meetup-new-york/
This meetup is for people working in unstructured data. Speakers will come present about related topics such as vector databases, LLMs, and managing data at scale. The intended audience of this group includes roles like machine learning engineers, data scientists, data engineers, software engineers, and PMs.This meetup was formerly Milvus Meetup, and is sponsored by Zilliz maintainers of Milvus.
Analysis insight about a Flyball dog competition team's performanceroli9797
Insight of my analysis about a Flyball dog competition team's last year performance. Find more: https://github.com/rolandnagy-ds/flyball_race_analysis/tree/main
Global Situational Awareness of A.I. and where its headedvikram sood
You can see the future first in San Francisco.
Over the past year, the talk of the town has shifted from $10 billion compute clusters to $100 billion clusters to trillion-dollar clusters. Every six months another zero is added to the boardroom plans. Behind the scenes, there’s a fierce scramble to secure every power contract still available for the rest of the decade, every voltage transformer that can possibly be procured. American big business is gearing up to pour trillions of dollars into a long-unseen mobilization of American industrial might. By the end of the decade, American electricity production will have grown tens of percent; from the shale fields of Pennsylvania to the solar farms of Nevada, hundreds of millions of GPUs will hum.
The AGI race has begun. We are building machines that can think and reason. By 2025/26, these machines will outpace college graduates. By the end of the decade, they will be smarter than you or I; we will have superintelligence, in the true sense of the word. Along the way, national security forces not seen in half a century will be un-leashed, and before long, The Project will be on. If we’re lucky, we’ll be in an all-out race with the CCP; if we’re unlucky, an all-out war.
Everyone is now talking about AI, but few have the faintest glimmer of what is about to hit them. Nvidia analysts still think 2024 might be close to the peak. Mainstream pundits are stuck on the wilful blindness of “it’s just predicting the next word”. They see only hype and business-as-usual; at most they entertain another internet-scale technological change.
Before long, the world will wake up. But right now, there are perhaps a few hundred people, most of them in San Francisco and the AI labs, that have situational awareness. Through whatever peculiar forces of fate, I have found myself amongst them. A few years ago, these people were derided as crazy—but they trusted the trendlines, which allowed them to correctly predict the AI advances of the past few years. Whether these people are also right about the next few years remains to be seen. But these are very smart people—the smartest people I have ever met—and they are the ones building this technology. Perhaps they will be an odd footnote in history, or perhaps they will go down in history like Szilard and Oppenheimer and Teller. If they are seeing the future even close to correctly, we are in for a wild ride.
Let me tell you what we see.
STATATHON: Unleashing the Power of Statistics in a 48-Hour Knowledge Extravag...sameer shah
"Join us for STATATHON, a dynamic 2-day event dedicated to exploring statistical knowledge and its real-world applications. From theory to practice, participants engage in intensive learning sessions, workshops, and challenges, fostering a deeper understanding of statistical methodologies and their significance in various fields."
Adjusting primitives for graph : SHORT REPORT / NOTESSubhajit Sahu
Graph algorithms, like PageRank Compressed Sparse Row (CSR) is an adjacency-list based graph representation that is
Multiply with different modes (map)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector multiply.
2. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector multiply.
Sum with different storage types (reduce)
1. Performance of vector element sum using float vs bfloat16 as the storage type.
Sum with different modes (reduce)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector element sum.
2. Performance of memcpy vs in-place based CUDA based vector element sum.
3. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (memcpy).
4. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
Sum with in-place strategies of CUDA mode (reduce)
1. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
06-04-2024 - NYC Tech Week - Discussion on Vector Databases, Unstructured Data and AI
Round table discussion of vector databases, unstructured data, ai, big data, real-time, robots and Milvus.
A lively discussion with NJ Gen AI Meetup Lead, Prasad and Procure.FYI's Co-Found
2. 2
Overview
1) Scoping and Screening for LTO and AM
2) Passive and Active Component Approach
3) AMR and the most important results
4) Irradiation Swelling Effect
6) DM Fatigue and TLAA
7) New PTS Assessment
8) Preventive Maintenance Programme
9) IVMR Project Update
3. 3
Proper scoping and screening as the
basic step for AM and LTO
One of most important Regulatory Body requirement for the
operational permission after planned period of operation
(requirement for LTO operation) is :
The NPP must demonstrate, that requested level of safety
is maintained during the whole period of LTO for SC
critical from safety and economic point of view
This means to set up proper aging management
including proper maintenance and to be able to
show/prove/demonstrate it, to everybody who wants to
know - who has the right to know
3
4. 4
Proper scoping and screening as the
basic step for AM and LTO
Conclusion:
For safe and effective LTO operation must be ---
implemented proper Aging management (with help of
tool called Aging Management Review) for passive
components
- - implemented an effective Maintenance program based
upon SCs efficiency and condition monitoring for active
components
- implemented for SCs in the scope of LTO
5. 5
AMR gives following answers:
What are degradation mechanisms (DM) or aging effects
(AE) influencing requested functions?
What aging management programs (AMP) and
processes are used to cover identified DM and AE?
Are those AMPs sufficient? That is:
are all DM and AE controlled by AMPs?
are DM and AE controlled properly?
Are all TLAA (Time Limiting Aging Analysis) valid for
requested period?
If there is any insufficiency the corrective activities must
by defined and performed!
6. 6
Information in Catalogue of Degradation
Mechanisms and Aging Effects
NPP SCs divided into About 600 commodity groups comprising
more than 50000 structures and components
Catalogue connected with main NPPs SSCs database, contains
following type of information:
Material
Risk priority number of the material according to EPRI
assessment methodology from Material Management Matrix
Project (and others parameters)
medium type, medium parameters,
environment , environment parameters,
Degradation mechanisms and Aging Effects (Identified during
operation, controlled, potential according to world experience)
Tool used by NPP specialists to optimize
aging management and maintenance process
7. 7
Newly identified DM at NPP ETE
(VVER 1000)
During performed AMR the possibility of the new
DM was identified – irradiation swelling due to
combined influence of temperature and neutron
flux (reactor internals)
On the basis of experience from others NPP and new state of
art of know how
The following remedial activity was
suggested by team of evaluators:
Computational verification of the DM
swelling development during design
operation and supposed LTO period
8. 8
Core Baffle – the most sensitive component
of internals to the swelling
Core baffle
9. 9
Measurement of Core Baffle
The measurement principle
Measurement of dimensions at specific
locations (areas near threaded rod and the
middle segment).
Rotation 2x 60 ° provides a measurement
of the entire periphery of the ring.
Measuring dimension core baffle at
selected height levels - each ring will be
measured at two levels (proposal about
200 mm from the top and 200 mm from the
bottom edge of each ring).
This process of measurement corresponds
to the control measurements carried out
under the control of the assembly.
9
10. 10
Measurement of Core Baffle – Design Model
Drawing device for measuring the core baffle dimensions.
11. 11
Swelling degradation – present status
in the Czech Republic
The swelling was accepted as DM influencing
lifetime of internals
Design of the measurement device was agreed with NPP
Design phase is ongoing
The necessary hardware material is being purchased
The development of state of art in the field is continuously
monitored
Methodology for swelling evaluation is developed with aim to
introduce it into Czech Technical Normative Documentation
12. 12
DM Fatigue and TLAA (time limiting aging analysis)
One of the important result of the AMR performed (in
Dukovany NPP) is an identification of the existing TLAAs
and information about their validity
Some fatigue TLAA were not valid for planned
period of LTO
Some of them were out dated
As a consequence extensive
program of TLAA revalidation
was started
13. 13
Example - Revalidation of Fatigue
TLAA of RPV
Reactor pressure vessel is complicated
components, for revalidation of the TLAA it was
divided into several parts that were evaluated
separately (from fatigue point of view)
Nozzles and their flanges of the RPV head: TK-EV, HRK
Main flange
Barrel part the RPV
Main nozzles of the RPV
Platform for fixation of the RPV internals
15. 15
Measurement on RPV
necessary geometric details received by precise
measurement on manufactured RPV in Škoda JS
Co.
Chief of the computational
team RNDr. V. Pistora
16. 16
Laser scanning of RPV head (HRK nozzle flange) – measured
in the International Paks Training Centrum
17. 17
Benefits of new Assessments
Lifetime and Integrity Assessments
corresponding to the LTO requirements were
elaborated
Fatigue TLAA of RPV for 40 years of operation
Identification of critical point from fatigue point of
view
Preparation of remedial action to ensure lifetime
60 years
Modification of ISI
Modification of maintenance procedures*
Modification of CSAMP Pressure vessel
Sources for updating of related technical
documentation
Modification of the AMP Monitoring of Low
Cycle Fatigue
* Procedure for the tightening of the main
flange screws to minimize fatigue
18. 18
Important changes in new IAEA VERLIFE
methodology with respect to the older VERLIFE
2008 (PTS chapters)
18
1. Residual stresses are included for normal
operational condition and heat affected zone
2. Alternative [KIC] curve (according to RF code MRKR-
SCHR-2004)
3. Warm Pre-stressing approach is accepted even for
non – monotonic unloading
4. New definition of residual stresses (according to
MRKR-SCHR-2004)
All above changes are taken into account in a new evaluations
19. 19
Preventive maintenance programme
Fully performed by NPP team
For LTO purposes the existing preventive maintenance programme
which has been elaborated in agreement with the Asset
Management was reviewed with respect to:
Equipment categorization (its importance for safety and economy)
Legislative requirements (In service inspection plan (ISI), legislative
requirements, revision rules)
Recommendations of manufacturers
Our experience with equipment operation
Adopted external good practice (maintenance templates: EPRI Preventive
maintenance database)
This programme is continuously updated with respect to the results from
its performance monitoring (Health reports) and from the feedback, with
respect to the experience from the international practice and to the
requirements arising from the changes in legislation.
20. 20
Preventive Maintenance of RPVs
Preventive maintenance:
Activities under in-service inspection (on the RPV by In-service Inspection
Program)
Activities defined by the limits and conditions
Activities defined by the work procedures
(for assembly and disassembly of the reactor)
Activities implemented during the maintenance:
Lubrication
Cleaning work
Inspections and seals replacement
Inspections and repair of flanged joints
Part of RPV
with implemented PM
21. 21
Findings dicovered during PM
Frequent findings discovered during PM on RPVs at NPP
Temelin:
The incursion of foreign materials into the reactor vessel.
Leaks
Impurity, scratches, nicks, pressure marks/damage
Conclusion from findings in the PM:
Optimization of working procedures
Change in technology, material change of damaged parts
Increased volume of inspections of risk areas
Revision of control documentation
22. 22
Update on the IVMR Project
Calculation performed within WP 2.5 of the HORIZON IVMR
project are consistent with the initial results from Kurchatov
Institute
All calculations (UJV MELCOR, IVS ASTEC, KI SOCRAT) give
comparable maximum heat flux at steady state with value around
1.4 MW/m2
The position of this maximum differs: around 1m above the
bottom of the RPV in the UJV calculation and around 1.5 m above
bottom for KI and IVS calculation
In UJV calculation with MELCOR, there is also a transient
situation where whole profile is shifted towards higher values,
even at the bottom. In this case, the maximum heat flux is
between 1.8 and 2 MW/m2
23. 23
Update on the IVMR Project
If we are confident in those results, the large
scale experimental facility the THS-15 under
construction at UJV Rez should be able to
deliver a heat flux of 1.4 MW/m2 at various
locations between 1m and 1.5 m above the
bottom of the RPV. It should also be able to
deliver a peak heat flux of at least 1.8 MW/m2
near 1 m above the bottom of the RPV, which
is the top of the oxide pool
28. 28
New analytical calculation results from KI
2
8
Maximum heat flux value was obtained using three-
layer model. Predicted value is ~1.9 MW/m2 by HEFEST-
ULR code and ~2.4 MW/m2 by ASTEC code. Difference
between calculation results is ~20-25%. Such
difference of results could be caused by RPV
discretization. IVMR studies require very detailed RPV
grid. Mesh density used for ASTEC code is probably
not-enough for IVR task, but it is one of the code
limitations. Poor mesh provides incorrect calculations
of gradient functions and thermal resistance, which are
significant for heatflux definition.
29. 29
Confirmation of the THS-15 capabilities
2
9
Large scale facility THS-15 is build with significant
margin to the recommended HF values along the whole
height of the cooling channel:
- In the lowest part of the semieliptical lower head we
consider to reach value about 1.9MW/m2
- Within remaining critical height of the cooling
channel we consider to reach values 2.2 – 2.4 MW/m2
Those estimations are already shown on previous
slides
30. 30
Small scale results
3
0
Smal scale experiment results (over 120
already performed), with special surface
modification provides very significant
margin in the HF with respect to predicted
values of the HF based on HORIZON IVMR
Mgm recomenndation.
Comparison is already seen on previous
slides
31. 31
Conclusion
3
1
Small scale experimental results are providing very
positive results with respect to possible safety margin
to the CHF
Lessons learned from small scale experiments and
technology is very valuable for the large scale facility
design and operation
Large scale facility is under construction.
Present estimation of HF values as recommended by
serious analytical work within the WP 2.5 IVMR
HORIZON Project will be met.