Problem-based learning (PBL) is a student-centered pedagogy that uses real-world problems as a context for students to learn about critical thinking and problem solving. It has three key characteristics: it uses small collaborative groups, is centered around authentic problems rather than abstract concepts, and encourages self-directed learning. PBL aims to help students develop skills like self-directed inquiry, integration of theory and practice, and application of knowledge to problem solving.

1. PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL)
NUR AFNI
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2. DEFENITION
 A method uses problem to
define students’ need in
learning
 A method to conduct self-
directed enquiry, integrate
theory and practice, and
apply knowledge and
skills to develop a solution
to a defined problem.

3. COMPONENTS OF PBL
Problem Identification
Hypothesis Generation
Generation of Learning Issues
Inquiry Strategy: Setting of Group and
Personal Objectives
Revisiting the Problem, Sharing of
Information

4. BASIC CHARACTERISTIC
1. Small Group
2. Problem-Based
3. Self-Directed

5. SMALL GROUP
Non-Threatening, Co-operative
Atmosphere
Tutor’s Role: Facilitative and Supportive
Open Feed-Back to Each Other about
Performance

6. PROBLEM BASED
The use of realistic (e.g. clinical)
problems
Emphasis is not on solving the
problem
Hypothesis and issue generation
Sharing of learning burdens

7. SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING
You learn what you need
Building of new knowledge on existing
knowledge
Learn to use different resources
Learn time-management skills
Take responsibility for one’s learning

8. ADVANTAGE OF PBL
Motivationtolearnisself-imposed
Buildingofnewknowledgeonexistingone(depth)
Integrationandapplicationofknowledge(problem-
solving)
Widercoverageofthetopic(bigpicture)
Developmentofotherskills(e.g.inquiry,criticalappraisal,
communication,group)
Life-longlearner

9. DISADVENTAGE OF PBL
Lack of traditional structure and
progression
Perceived lack of depth in the
knowledge acquired
Too much time is spent in a tutorial
“talking”
It is hard to fail a student
You need more teachers

10. WHY WE USE PBL?
This is how we as adults learn
It is the most practical and efficient way of learning
We do this in our daily professional and personal lives
Learning is not static, but a dynamic process
Develop a life-long learning attitude
Develop group and interpersonal skills

11. Why Is PBL Not Widely Used?
It involves too much work!
It affects the funding of departments
Some teachers are resistant to change
Students are perceived as not mature enough to handle
this
Not enough coverage of basic sciences

12. ARE THE STUDENTS BETTER?
Students from PBL programs tend to take up
specialty and academic posts
Knowledge on the latest treatment guidelines
(e.g. hypertension) is better than graduates of
traditional programs
Learning is more fun for the students and
faculty