Presentation by Dawit Gizachew, Barbara Szonyi, Azage Tegegne, Jean Hanson and Delia Grace at the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), United States Embassy, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 10 June 2015.
Aflatoxin M1 contamination of milk in the greater Addis Ababa milk shed, Ethi...ILRI
Presentation by Barbara Szonyi, Dawit Gizachew, Azage Tegegne, Jean Hanson and Delia Grace at the first African Symposium on Mycotoxicology, Livingstone, Zambia, 26-28 May 2015.
Aflatoxin analysis of dairy feeds and milk in the Greater Addis Ababa milk sh...ILRI
Presentation by Dawit Gizachew, Barbara Szonyi, Azage Tegegne, Jean Hanson and Delia Grace at a consultative workshop on milk quality, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 25-26 June 2015.
Feed storage practices and aflatoxin contamination of dairy feeds in the Grea...ILRI
Presentation by Dawit Gizachew, Barbara Szonyi, Azage Tegegne, Jean Hanson and Delia Grace at the first African Symposium on Mycotoxicology, Livingstone, Zambia, 26-28 May 2015.
Feed storage practices and attitudes towards milk hygiene in the Greater Addi...ILRI
Presentation by Barbara Szonyi, Dawit Gizachew, Azage Tegegne, Jean Hanson and Delia Grace at a consultative workshop on milk quality, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 25-26 June 2015.
Feed storage practices and awareness of aflatoxins in the Greater Addis Ababa...ILRI
Presented by Barbara Szonyi, Dawit Gizachew, Azage Tegegne, Jean Hanson and Delia Grace at the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), United States Embassy, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 17 June 2015.
Poster prepared by Karen Marshall, Ayao Missohou, Stanly Tebug, Irene Kagera, Delia Grace and Johanna Lindahl for the Tropentag 2016 Conference on Solidarity in a Competing World—Fair Use of Resources, Vienna, Austria, 19–21 September 2016.
Measuring and mitigating the risk of mycotoxins in maize and dairy products f...ILRI
Presented by Johanna Lindahl, Delia Grace, Vesa Joutsjoki, Hannu Korhonen and Vivian Hoffmann at a 'Growing with Dairy' Stakeholder Dissemination Meeting, Nairobi, Kenya, 9 March 2018
Mycotoxin binders: An option for safer milk in Kenya?ILRI
Presentation by Florence Mutua, Johanna Lindahl and Delia Grace at the Kenyatta University International Food Safety Conference, Nairobi, Kenya, 20–24 May 2019.
Aflatoxin M1 contamination of milk in the greater Addis Ababa milk shed, Ethi...ILRI
Presentation by Barbara Szonyi, Dawit Gizachew, Azage Tegegne, Jean Hanson and Delia Grace at the first African Symposium on Mycotoxicology, Livingstone, Zambia, 26-28 May 2015.
Aflatoxin analysis of dairy feeds and milk in the Greater Addis Ababa milk sh...ILRI
Presentation by Dawit Gizachew, Barbara Szonyi, Azage Tegegne, Jean Hanson and Delia Grace at a consultative workshop on milk quality, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 25-26 June 2015.
Feed storage practices and aflatoxin contamination of dairy feeds in the Grea...ILRI
Presentation by Dawit Gizachew, Barbara Szonyi, Azage Tegegne, Jean Hanson and Delia Grace at the first African Symposium on Mycotoxicology, Livingstone, Zambia, 26-28 May 2015.
Feed storage practices and attitudes towards milk hygiene in the Greater Addi...ILRI
Presentation by Barbara Szonyi, Dawit Gizachew, Azage Tegegne, Jean Hanson and Delia Grace at a consultative workshop on milk quality, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 25-26 June 2015.
Feed storage practices and awareness of aflatoxins in the Greater Addis Ababa...ILRI
Presented by Barbara Szonyi, Dawit Gizachew, Azage Tegegne, Jean Hanson and Delia Grace at the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), United States Embassy, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 17 June 2015.
Poster prepared by Karen Marshall, Ayao Missohou, Stanly Tebug, Irene Kagera, Delia Grace and Johanna Lindahl for the Tropentag 2016 Conference on Solidarity in a Competing World—Fair Use of Resources, Vienna, Austria, 19–21 September 2016.
Measuring and mitigating the risk of mycotoxins in maize and dairy products f...ILRI
Presented by Johanna Lindahl, Delia Grace, Vesa Joutsjoki, Hannu Korhonen and Vivian Hoffmann at a 'Growing with Dairy' Stakeholder Dissemination Meeting, Nairobi, Kenya, 9 March 2018
Mycotoxin binders: An option for safer milk in Kenya?ILRI
Presentation by Florence Mutua, Johanna Lindahl and Delia Grace at the Kenyatta University International Food Safety Conference, Nairobi, Kenya, 20–24 May 2019.
SCR Heat detection
Uniquely combines rumination, movement and movement intensity measurement, recognizing behavior patterns.
SCR activity score is much less prone to walking and eating behavior, therefore suitable also for grazing herds (as proven in NZ and Ireland)
Real-time heat detection reports for optimized insemination timing.
Rumination application: Nutrition
Rumination time: proportional to the amount of long fiber the cow has eaten (eNDF, or “Scratch Factor”). About 140 min rumination to 1 Kg long fiber.
Daily rumination time less than 400 min indicate a major risk factor for rumen acidosis.
Rumen acidosis seriously impairs cow’s health and welfare and farmer income.
Dr. Alison Van Eenennaam - Were Those the Days? Animal Ag Then & NowJohn Blue
Were Those the Days? Animal Ag Then & Now - Dr. Alison Van Eenennaam, Cooperative Extension Specialist, Animal Genomics and Biotechnology, University of California, Davis, From the 2018 Animal Agriculture Alliance Stakeholders Summit, Protect Your Roots, May 3 - 4, 2018, Arlington, VA, USA.
More presentations at https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9xWTLbiBMQQi8L_WHIWcjA
Building an evidence base for informed decisions on choice of dairy cattle pr...ILRI
Presented by Karen Marshall, Stanly Tebug, Gareth Salmon, Miika Tapio, Jarmo Juga and
Ayao Missohou at the Conference on Impacts of International Agricultural Research: Rigorous Evidence for Policy, ICRAF, Nairobi, 6-8 July 2017
Direct market costs of aflatoxins in Kenyan dairy value chainILRI
Presented by D.M. Senerwa, N. Mtimet, A.J. Sirma, J. Nzuma, E.K. Kang'ethe, J.F. Lindahl and D. Grace at the Agriculture, Nutrition and Health (ANH) Academy Week, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 20-24 June 2016.
Effect of milk price on dairy consumption in low income households in NairobiILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Franziska Schneider, Emmanuel Muunda, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Francis Wanyoike and Nadhem Mtimet presented at the Agriculture, Nutrition and Health Academy Week, Accra, Ghana, 25–29 June 2018.
Dr. Joel Nerem - Antibiotic Stewardship Updates by Species: SwineJohn Blue
Antibiotic Stewardship Updates by Species: Swine - Dr. Joel Nerem, Pipestone Veterinary Services, from the 2016 NIAA Antibiotic Symposium - Working Together For Better Solutions, November 1 - 3, 2016, Herndon, Virginia, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2016-niaa-symposium-antibiotic-use-working-together-for-better-solutions
To have at least two (and up to six) typical farms for each region.
The first farm is an average sized farm with an average management performance. The second farm is larger than the first one but also having an average management performance, to show economies of scale.
They represent major milk production systems, farms, milk produced in region
Using choice experiments: Facilitating priority setting in provision of anima...ILRI
The livestock sector is one of the drivers of improved food security and livelihoods in developing countries. Livestock development in Africa is, however, constrained by animal diseases, with major economic, nutritional, and health consequences. Animal health services, especially for the poorest farmers, is generally inaccessible, and of poor quality; characterized by poor uptake of existing control technologies i.e. farmer access. This requires a better understanding of farmer decision-making when faced with animal health choices.
SCR Heat detection
Uniquely combines rumination, movement and movement intensity measurement, recognizing behavior patterns.
SCR activity score is much less prone to walking and eating behavior, therefore suitable also for grazing herds (as proven in NZ and Ireland)
Real-time heat detection reports for optimized insemination timing.
Rumination application: Nutrition
Rumination time: proportional to the amount of long fiber the cow has eaten (eNDF, or “Scratch Factor”). About 140 min rumination to 1 Kg long fiber.
Daily rumination time less than 400 min indicate a major risk factor for rumen acidosis.
Rumen acidosis seriously impairs cow’s health and welfare and farmer income.
Dr. Alison Van Eenennaam - Were Those the Days? Animal Ag Then & NowJohn Blue
Were Those the Days? Animal Ag Then & Now - Dr. Alison Van Eenennaam, Cooperative Extension Specialist, Animal Genomics and Biotechnology, University of California, Davis, From the 2018 Animal Agriculture Alliance Stakeholders Summit, Protect Your Roots, May 3 - 4, 2018, Arlington, VA, USA.
More presentations at https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9xWTLbiBMQQi8L_WHIWcjA
Building an evidence base for informed decisions on choice of dairy cattle pr...ILRI
Presented by Karen Marshall, Stanly Tebug, Gareth Salmon, Miika Tapio, Jarmo Juga and
Ayao Missohou at the Conference on Impacts of International Agricultural Research: Rigorous Evidence for Policy, ICRAF, Nairobi, 6-8 July 2017
Direct market costs of aflatoxins in Kenyan dairy value chainILRI
Presented by D.M. Senerwa, N. Mtimet, A.J. Sirma, J. Nzuma, E.K. Kang'ethe, J.F. Lindahl and D. Grace at the Agriculture, Nutrition and Health (ANH) Academy Week, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 20-24 June 2016.
Effect of milk price on dairy consumption in low income households in NairobiILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Franziska Schneider, Emmanuel Muunda, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Francis Wanyoike and Nadhem Mtimet presented at the Agriculture, Nutrition and Health Academy Week, Accra, Ghana, 25–29 June 2018.
Dr. Joel Nerem - Antibiotic Stewardship Updates by Species: SwineJohn Blue
Antibiotic Stewardship Updates by Species: Swine - Dr. Joel Nerem, Pipestone Veterinary Services, from the 2016 NIAA Antibiotic Symposium - Working Together For Better Solutions, November 1 - 3, 2016, Herndon, Virginia, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2016-niaa-symposium-antibiotic-use-working-together-for-better-solutions
To have at least two (and up to six) typical farms for each region.
The first farm is an average sized farm with an average management performance. The second farm is larger than the first one but also having an average management performance, to show economies of scale.
They represent major milk production systems, farms, milk produced in region
Using choice experiments: Facilitating priority setting in provision of anima...ILRI
The livestock sector is one of the drivers of improved food security and livelihoods in developing countries. Livestock development in Africa is, however, constrained by animal diseases, with major economic, nutritional, and health consequences. Animal health services, especially for the poorest farmers, is generally inaccessible, and of poor quality; characterized by poor uptake of existing control technologies i.e. farmer access. This requires a better understanding of farmer decision-making when faced with animal health choices.
Poster prepared by Alessandra Galiè, Isabelle Baltenweck and Dorine Odongo for
This poster sets out ILRI's experiences with gender research, from an institutional fosu to the advent of CGIAR research programs.
The Role of Women Entrepreneurs in Dairy Value Chain Activities: Examples fr...ILRI
Presented by Kassahun Belay at the Gender and Market Oriented Agriculture (AgriGender 2011) Workshop, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 31st January–2nd February 2011
Dairy Microbiology. Methods of preservation of milk and Milk ProductsSaugat Bhattacharjee
A vivid description of all the preservation methods of milk and milk products is present in the slides. Very useful for Microbiology, Dairy technology students.
Aflatoxin M1-related health risk for milk consumers in dairy farms in rural a...ILRI
Poster by Filipe Maximiano Sousa, Apollinaire Nombre, Amos Miningou, SyAppolinaireTraore, Johanna Lindahl, Augustine Ayantunde, Javier Sanchez and Silvia Alonso presented at the virtual Agriculture, Nutrition and Health (ANH) Academy Week 2021, 29 June – 1 July 2021. Nairobi, Kenya: ILRI.
Costs of aflatoxin in the Kenyan dairy value chainILRI
Poster by Daniel Senerwa, Nadhem Mtimet, Johanna Lindahl, Erastus Kang'ethe and Delia Grace presented at the FoodAfrica midterm seminar, Helsinki, Finland, 16 June 2014.
Kenyan awareness of aflatoxin: An analysis of processed milk consumersILRI
Poster by Nadhem Mtimet, Maria Walke, Derek Baker, Johanna Lindahl, Monica Hartmann and Delia Grace presented at the International Conference of Agricultural Economists (ICAE), Milan, Italy, 8-14 August 2015.
Aflatoxins in the dairy value chain: A challenge for the informal market?ILRI
Presentation by Johanna Lindahl, Florence Mutua and Delia Grace at the 15th International Symposium of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 13 November 2018.
Aflatoxin M1 survey in dairy households in KenyaILRI
Poster by Anima Sirma, Daniel Senerwa, Johanna Lindahl, Kohei Makita, Erastus Kang'ethe and Delia Grace presented at the FoodAfrica midterm seminar, Helsinki, Finland, 16 June 2014.
Creating novel approaches to mitigate aflatoxin risk in food and feed with da...ILRI
Poster prepared by S. Ahlberg, H. Korhonen, V. Joutsjoki and D. Grace presented for the First African Regional Conference of the International Association on Ecology and Health (Africa 2013 Ecohealth), Grand-Bassam, Côte d'Ivoire, 1-5 October 2013.
Roundtable of aflatoxin experts on
“Building a multi-stakeholder approach to mitigate aflatoxin contamination of food and feed”
Brussels, Monday 25th January 2016
Aflatoxins: serious threat to food safety and food security But is it relate...ILRI
Aflatoxins are hepatotoxic, carcinogenic and immunosuppressing metabolites produced by moulds, mainly Aspergillus flavus, growing on maize or other crops. Humans and animals can get acute disease with fatalities as well as chronic disease.
Aflatoxins, animal health and safety of animal source foods ILRI
Presented by Delia Grace, Johanna Lindahl, Christine Atherstone and Erastus Kang’ethe at the Virtual briefing for the Global Donor Platform on Rural Development, 22 July 2014
The role of the Partnership for Aflatoxin Control in Africa (PACA)Francois Stepman
The role of the Partnership for Aflatoxin Control in Africa (PACA)
Amare Ayelew , Program Manager, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Roundtable of aflatoxin experts on
“Building a multi-stakeholder approach to mitigate aflatoxin contamination of food and feed”
Brussels, Monday 25th January 2016
"Aflasafe: a case study for aflatoxin reduction in crops "ExternalEvents
"Aflasafe: a case study for aflatoxin reduction in crops" presentation by "Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria"
An integrated approach to assessing and improving meat and milk safety and nu...ILRI
Presentation by Tamsin Dewé, Kristina Roesel, Aklilu Fekele, Getachew Legese and Delia Grace at the First African Regional Conference of the International Association on Ecology and Health (Africa 2013 Ecohealth), Grand-Bassam, Côte d'Ivoire, 1-5 October 2013.
Similar to Aflatoxin analysis of dairy feeds in the Greater Addis Ababa milk shed, Ethiopia (20)
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
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Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
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Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
ISI 2024: Application Form (Extended), Exam Date (Out), EligibilitySciAstra
The Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) has extended its application deadline for 2024 admissions to April 2. Known for its excellence in statistics and related fields, ISI offers a range of programs from Bachelor's to Junior Research Fellowships. The admission test is scheduled for May 12, 2024. Eligibility varies by program, generally requiring a background in Mathematics and English for undergraduate courses and specific degrees for postgraduate and research positions. Application fees are ₹1500 for male general category applicants and ₹1000 for females. Applications are open to Indian and OCI candidates.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Aflatoxin analysis of dairy feeds in the Greater Addis Ababa milk shed, Ethiopia
1. Aflatoxin analysis of dairy feeds and milk in the
Greater Addis Ababa milk shed, Ethiopia
Dawit Gizachew, Barbara Szonyi, Azage Tegegne, Jean Hanson and Delia Grace
USAID, United States Embassy, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
10 June 2015
2. Aflatoxins
Aspergillus flavus (Maize breeding program at Texas
A&M University)
•Toxic secondary metabolites
produced by Aspergillus fungi
•Contaminate a variety of foods such
as corn, oil seed and animal feed
•One of the most toxic forms of
aflatoxin (AFB1) is converted to
AFM1 and excreted in milk by
lactating animals that consume
contaminated feed
•Highly carcinogenic, cause liver cancer,
stunting and immunosuppression
4. Study locations: the Greater Addis Ababa milk shed
•Includes Addis Ababa, Debre Zeit,
Sebeta, Sendafa and Sululta
•It serves as a major milk supplier
to urban markets in and around
Addis Ababa
•The sector is commercial and uses
concentrate feeding
Sululta
Sebeta
Debre Zeit
IDDELS (http://www.ideels.uni-bremen.de/highlands.html)
5. Study methods
• Study participants:
• 100 dairy farmers
• 27 from Addis Ababa, 23 from Debre Zeit, 9 from Sebeta, 31
from Sendafa and 10 from Sululta
• 5 feed producers
• 5 feed processors
• 9 feed traders
• A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to
all study participants
• 100 grams of each feed samples were collected
6. Feed analysis of aflatoxin B1
(AFB1) using enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
8. Transformation of AFB1 to AFM1
Animals under the influence of the cytochrome P450 oxidase system
found in their micro-flora and own cells hydroxylate aflatoxin B1
(AFB1) to aflatoxin M1 (AFM1)
9. Results of feed analysis from milk producers,
feed manufacturers and traders
Source: Gizachew et al. Food Control 59 (2016) 773-779
10. Results of feed analysis
Summary of aflatoxin (AFB1) contamination of feed
in the value chain
aNumber of contaminated samples
bPercentage of AFB1 contaminated feed samples
cThe highest AFB1 concentration was 419 ppb from milk producer
Source: Gizachew et al. Food Control 59 (2016) 773-779
12. Results of feed analysis
AFB1 distribution levels and concentrations of AFB1 in feed
samples from milk producers per region
Source: Gizachew et al. Food Control 59 (2016) 773-779
13. Milk analysis of aflatoxin M1
(AFM1) using enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
14. Study methods
• Study participants:
• 100 dairy farmers
• 27 from Addis Ababa, 23 from Debre Zeit, 9 from Sebeta, 31
from Sendafa and 10 from Sululta
• 10 milk collectors
• A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to
all study participants
• 50 ml of raw milk samples were collected
15. AFM1 distribution and percentage in milk from
both producers and collectors
Source: Gizachew et al. Food Control 59 (2016) 773-779
16. Results of milk analysis from milk producers and
collectors
aNumber of contaminated samples
bPercentage of AFM1 contaminated milk samples
cThe highest AFM1 concentration was 4.98 ppb from milk producer.
Summary of aflatoxin (AFM1) contamination of milk
in the value chain
Source: Gizachew et al. Food Control 59 (2016) 773-779
17. AFM1 distribution levels in milk samples from
milk producers per region
Source: Gizachew et al. Food Control 59 (2016) 773-779
18. Correlation between high-level AFB1 and AFM1
levels for samples collected from milk producers
Source:Gizachewetal.FoodControl59
(2016)773-779
19. Why does noug cake have high aflatoxin
contamination?
• Identify the types of Aspergillus
fungi that grow on noug seed
and noug cake
• Study conditions that are
conducive to growth and toxin
production on noug and noug seed cake
• Investigate storage conditions of noug seed and cake
Noug cake
20. Why are there regional differences in level of aflatoxin
contamination within the Greater Addis Ababa milk shed?
• Study the differences in climate, storage
conditions and the proportion of noug cake in
the feed
• Study aflatoxin contamination in other milk
sheds in Ethiopia
21. Aflatoxin contamination of poultry feed
• Study poultry feed for aflatoxin contamination
• Study its effect on egg production and impaired growth
Effect of aflatoxin in broiler growth at
42 days.
T1 – control
T2– 3 ppm of aflatoxin
T6 – control + ADS ( 0.2%)
(Source: Agranco Corp. USA)
22. Chemical detoxification of aflatoxin (AFB1) in feed
• Treatment of aflatoxin-contaminated feed samples
with salts such as sodium bicarbonate and sodium
bisulphite
• Study the effect of concentration and temperature of
the salt solution
• Study mixture of salts treatment to maximize the
detoxification
23. How much do we know about the impact of aflatoxin
on human health in Ethiopia?
• Together with the Ministry of Health, study aflatoxin
in human urine and breast milk
• This might reveal the level of aflatoxin exposure in
people who have been consuming the contaminated
milk
24. Conclusions
• High level contamination of aflatoxin in feed (AFB1) and
in milk (AFM1)
• Noug (Guizotia abyssinica) cakes are widely used in the
greater Addis Ababa milk shed as cattle feed and have
been found to be highly contaminated with AFB1
• Further studies on the impact of aflatoxin on both human
and animal health in Ethiopia are required
• Intervention studies, including chemical detoxification of the
feed, are necessary to minimize aflatoxin contamination
along the value chain
25. This work is financed by the CGIAR Research Program on
Agriculture for Nutrition and Health and the Livestock and
Irrigation Value chains for Ethiopian Smallholders (LIVES) project.
It is implemented in a partnership with LIVES, Genebank and the
Food Safety and Zoonoses program at ILRI.
It contributes to the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for
Nutrition and Health.
Acknowledgements
26. The presentation has a Creative Commons licence. You are free to re-use or distribute this work, provided credit is given to ILRI.
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