The Affolter approach is an occupational therapy method developed to facilitate sensory-motor and cognitive development in individuals with neurological conditions or developmental challenges. It uses a sensory-enriched environment, self-initiated movements, and specific sensory handling techniques to promote sensory integration. Key assumptions of the Affolter approach include the brain's ability to adapt through neuroplasticity and the importance of a gradual progression of challenges to support sensory processing development.
Application of Affolter approach to occupational therapy intervention. The presentation ended with a case study of a patient management using affolter techniques.
NDT, BOBATH TECHNIQUE, BASIC IDEA OF BOBATH, CONCEPT OF BOBATH, NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF NDT, ICF MODEL, PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT OF NDT IN STROKE AND CP, AUTOMATIC AND EQUILIBRIUM REACTIONS, KEY POINTS OF CONTROL, FACILITATION, INHIBITION AND HANDLING IN NDT
It is a technique developed by Janet H Carr and Roberta B Shepherd which provides physiotherapists and occupational therapists with an approach to stroke rehabilitation that is clear, relevant, and effective, building on the research-based model created by the authors
Application of Affolter approach to occupational therapy intervention. The presentation ended with a case study of a patient management using affolter techniques.
NDT, BOBATH TECHNIQUE, BASIC IDEA OF BOBATH, CONCEPT OF BOBATH, NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF NDT, ICF MODEL, PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT OF NDT IN STROKE AND CP, AUTOMATIC AND EQUILIBRIUM REACTIONS, KEY POINTS OF CONTROL, FACILITATION, INHIBITION AND HANDLING IN NDT
It is a technique developed by Janet H Carr and Roberta B Shepherd which provides physiotherapists and occupational therapists with an approach to stroke rehabilitation that is clear, relevant, and effective, building on the research-based model created by the authors
Neurodynamics, mobilization of nervous system, neural mobilizationSaurab Sharma
This is the presentation which was delivered to third year Bachelor of Physiotherapy students at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences (KUSMS), Dhulikhel, Nepal. Different schools of thoughts in manual therapy are the part of curriculum for the undergraduate students at KUSMS.
The discipline of Motor Control is the study of human movement and the systems that control it under normal and pathological conditions.
Depends upon -
Environmental result of the movement (Outcome)
Movement pattern
Neuromotor processes underlying movement
constraint induced movement therapy.pptxibtesaam huma
Constraint induced movement therapy
Dr. Quazi Ibtesaam Huma (MPT)
Dr. Suvarna Ganvir (Phd, Prof & HOD)
Dept. of Neurophysiotherapy
DVVPF’s College of Physiotherapy
Content
Introduction
History of CIMT
Components of CIMT
Population for CIMT
Advantages of CIMT
Recent advances
Introduction
History of CIMT
CIMT is based on research by Edward Taub ,his hypothesize that the non use was a learning mechanism and calls this behavior “Learned non-use”.
It was observed that patients with hemiparesis did not use their affected extremity .
Overcoming learned non use
Mechanisms of CIMT
Population for CIMT
Stroke
Traumatic Brain Injury
Spinal Cord Injury
Multiple Sclerosis
Cerebral Palsy
Brachial Plexus Injury
Advantages of CIMT
Overall greater improvement in function than traditional treatment.
Highly researched and credible treatment approach.
There are brain activity and observed gray matter reorganization in primary motor, cortices and hippocampus.
Increase social participation
Components Of CIMT
Types of CIMT
Restraining Tools for CIMT
Minimal Requirement of hand function for CIMT
Recent Advances
The EXCITE Trial: Retention of Improved Upper Extremity Function Among Stroke Survivors Receiving CI Movement Therapy.(2008)
The Extremity Constraint Induced Movement Therapy Evaluation (EXCITE) demonstrated that CIMT administered 3-9 months post-stroke, resulted in statistically significant and clinically relevant improvement in upper extremity function during the first year compared to those achieved by participants undergoing usual and customary care.
This study was the first randomized clinical trial to examine retention and improvements for the 24 month period following CIMT therapy in a subacute sample.
Study design - single masked cross-over design, with participants undergoing adaptive randomization to balance ,gender, prestroke dominant side, side of stroke, and level of paretic arm function across sites.
CIMT was delivered up to 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 2 weeks.
Subsequent evaluations were made after the two week period, and at 4, 8, and 12 months.
Because the control group was crossed over to receive CIMT after one year.
Primary outcome measures – Wolf Motor Function Test
Motor Activity Log
Secondary outcome measure - Stroke Impact Scale (SIS)
were assessed at each of these time intervals, was administered only at baseline, 4, 12, 16 and 24 month evaluations.
Result :There was no observed regression from the treatment effects observed at 12 months after treatment during the next 12 months for the primary outcome measures of WMFT and MAL.
In fact, the additional changes were in the direction of increased therapeutic effect. For the strength components of the WMFT the changes were significant (P < .05) Secondary outcome variables, including the SIS, exhibited a similar pattern.
Conclusion: Mild to moderately impaired patients who are 3-9 months post-stroke demonstrate
This presentation give an upto date insightful information on balance/postural assessment and key domains of Occupational Therapy during assessment of balance using different scales.
Concept given by Shacklock (modern concept) and Butler (old concept), a method of assessment as well as treatment of peripheral neurological system by physiotherapists.
Part-I: The current slideshow: theoretical aspect of neurodynamics.
Part-II: Assessment of peripheral nervous system on the basis of neurodynamic concepts: Date: 01/04/2020
Part-III: treatment part: Date: 03/04/2020
Part-IV: Self neurodynamics: 05/04/2020
Understanding the various theories of motor control- reflex-hierarchal theory, ecological theory, dynamic systems theory and it's clinical application; also forming the basis of neurological rehabilitation techniques like Task-orient approach, Constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT), NDT (Neurodevelopmental Facilitation).
Hand functions help in performing everyday' work, let it be gross or fine functions.It covers basic anatomy of hand, major hand functions, how the grasp patterns look, development pattern of hand functions. development of eye hand coordination. use of various hand functions.
Principles of Manipulation or manipulative therapySaurab Sharma
This is the presentation which was delivered to third year Bachelor of Physiotherapy students at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences (KUSMS), Dhulikhel, Nepal. principles of manipulative therapy is the part of curriculum for the undergraduate students at KUSMS. This presentation highlights the need of meticulous assessment before delivering manipulative therapies to patients. Part of the slides were extracted from the teaching materials provided by Professor Joshua Cleland who conducted a workshop in Manipulation of Lumbar Spine in Nepal in 2014 in Nepal Physiotherapy Conference. I would like to thank Dr. Cleland for his contribution.
Vojta technique is neuromuscular approach deals with all the conditions of CNS and Musculoskeletal system.
Contents :
Introduction
Definition
What is REFLEX LOCOMOTION
Indication
Stimulating Points
Reflex locomotion
Reflex Rolling phase 1
Reflex Rolling phase 2
Reflex creeping
Effects of Vojta technique
Neurodynamics, mobilization of nervous system, neural mobilizationSaurab Sharma
This is the presentation which was delivered to third year Bachelor of Physiotherapy students at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences (KUSMS), Dhulikhel, Nepal. Different schools of thoughts in manual therapy are the part of curriculum for the undergraduate students at KUSMS.
The discipline of Motor Control is the study of human movement and the systems that control it under normal and pathological conditions.
Depends upon -
Environmental result of the movement (Outcome)
Movement pattern
Neuromotor processes underlying movement
constraint induced movement therapy.pptxibtesaam huma
Constraint induced movement therapy
Dr. Quazi Ibtesaam Huma (MPT)
Dr. Suvarna Ganvir (Phd, Prof & HOD)
Dept. of Neurophysiotherapy
DVVPF’s College of Physiotherapy
Content
Introduction
History of CIMT
Components of CIMT
Population for CIMT
Advantages of CIMT
Recent advances
Introduction
History of CIMT
CIMT is based on research by Edward Taub ,his hypothesize that the non use was a learning mechanism and calls this behavior “Learned non-use”.
It was observed that patients with hemiparesis did not use their affected extremity .
Overcoming learned non use
Mechanisms of CIMT
Population for CIMT
Stroke
Traumatic Brain Injury
Spinal Cord Injury
Multiple Sclerosis
Cerebral Palsy
Brachial Plexus Injury
Advantages of CIMT
Overall greater improvement in function than traditional treatment.
Highly researched and credible treatment approach.
There are brain activity and observed gray matter reorganization in primary motor, cortices and hippocampus.
Increase social participation
Components Of CIMT
Types of CIMT
Restraining Tools for CIMT
Minimal Requirement of hand function for CIMT
Recent Advances
The EXCITE Trial: Retention of Improved Upper Extremity Function Among Stroke Survivors Receiving CI Movement Therapy.(2008)
The Extremity Constraint Induced Movement Therapy Evaluation (EXCITE) demonstrated that CIMT administered 3-9 months post-stroke, resulted in statistically significant and clinically relevant improvement in upper extremity function during the first year compared to those achieved by participants undergoing usual and customary care.
This study was the first randomized clinical trial to examine retention and improvements for the 24 month period following CIMT therapy in a subacute sample.
Study design - single masked cross-over design, with participants undergoing adaptive randomization to balance ,gender, prestroke dominant side, side of stroke, and level of paretic arm function across sites.
CIMT was delivered up to 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 2 weeks.
Subsequent evaluations were made after the two week period, and at 4, 8, and 12 months.
Because the control group was crossed over to receive CIMT after one year.
Primary outcome measures – Wolf Motor Function Test
Motor Activity Log
Secondary outcome measure - Stroke Impact Scale (SIS)
were assessed at each of these time intervals, was administered only at baseline, 4, 12, 16 and 24 month evaluations.
Result :There was no observed regression from the treatment effects observed at 12 months after treatment during the next 12 months for the primary outcome measures of WMFT and MAL.
In fact, the additional changes were in the direction of increased therapeutic effect. For the strength components of the WMFT the changes were significant (P < .05) Secondary outcome variables, including the SIS, exhibited a similar pattern.
Conclusion: Mild to moderately impaired patients who are 3-9 months post-stroke demonstrate
This presentation give an upto date insightful information on balance/postural assessment and key domains of Occupational Therapy during assessment of balance using different scales.
Concept given by Shacklock (modern concept) and Butler (old concept), a method of assessment as well as treatment of peripheral neurological system by physiotherapists.
Part-I: The current slideshow: theoretical aspect of neurodynamics.
Part-II: Assessment of peripheral nervous system on the basis of neurodynamic concepts: Date: 01/04/2020
Part-III: treatment part: Date: 03/04/2020
Part-IV: Self neurodynamics: 05/04/2020
Understanding the various theories of motor control- reflex-hierarchal theory, ecological theory, dynamic systems theory and it's clinical application; also forming the basis of neurological rehabilitation techniques like Task-orient approach, Constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT), NDT (Neurodevelopmental Facilitation).
Hand functions help in performing everyday' work, let it be gross or fine functions.It covers basic anatomy of hand, major hand functions, how the grasp patterns look, development pattern of hand functions. development of eye hand coordination. use of various hand functions.
Principles of Manipulation or manipulative therapySaurab Sharma
This is the presentation which was delivered to third year Bachelor of Physiotherapy students at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences (KUSMS), Dhulikhel, Nepal. principles of manipulative therapy is the part of curriculum for the undergraduate students at KUSMS. This presentation highlights the need of meticulous assessment before delivering manipulative therapies to patients. Part of the slides were extracted from the teaching materials provided by Professor Joshua Cleland who conducted a workshop in Manipulation of Lumbar Spine in Nepal in 2014 in Nepal Physiotherapy Conference. I would like to thank Dr. Cleland for his contribution.
Vojta technique is neuromuscular approach deals with all the conditions of CNS and Musculoskeletal system.
Contents :
Introduction
Definition
What is REFLEX LOCOMOTION
Indication
Stimulating Points
Reflex locomotion
Reflex Rolling phase 1
Reflex Rolling phase 2
Reflex creeping
Effects of Vojta technique
Occupational therapy activities for special needs students to improve attenti...Butterfly Learnings
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) present unique challenges related to attention and sensory processing. Occupational therapy activities tailored to the specific needs of individuals with ASD can yield significant benefits in terms of attentional regulation and skill acquisition.
Occupational therapists study human growth and development and a person’s interaction with the environment through daily activities.They are experts in the social, emotional, and physiological effects of illness and injury.This knowledge helps them promote skills for independent living in people with autism and other developmental disorders.Occupational therapists work as part of a team that includes parents, teachers, and other professionals.
Methods used in pediatric rehabilitation Zaid Hjab
Zaid Hjab
In rehabilitation of children, varying approaches and techniques are
used, ranging from very conservative and conventional techniques, such as muscle
strengthening, manual stretching, and massage, to more complex motor learningbased theories, such as neurodevelopmental treatment, conductive education, and
several others. The motor disorders seen in pediatric are frequently accompanied
by disturbances of sensation, cognition, communication, perception, and/or
behavior disorders; thus, therapy approaches are arranged to meet the individual
child’s needs. The approaches can be divided into two groups as with equipment
and without equipment. Examples for without equipment rehabilitation
approaches are neurodevelopmental treatment, conductive education constraintinduced movement therapy, and task-oriented therapy, whereas robotic therapy,
virtual reality, and horse-back riding therapy are the examples of rehabilitation
approaches with equipment. Application of evidence-based methods ensures
maximum gains in children. The concept that intense, task-specific exercises
capitalize on the potential plasticity of the CNS and thus improve motor recovery
has led to the development of several successful interventions for children. Also
approaches that improve the patient’s motivation and target the activities of daily
living and participation are the most effective approaches for functional recovery
of the children.
For those battling kidney disease and exploring treatment options, understanding when to consider a kidney transplant is crucial. This guide aims to provide valuable insights into the circumstances under which a kidney transplant at the renowned Hiranandani Hospital may be the most appropriate course of action. By addressing the key indicators and factors involved, we hope to empower patients and their families to make informed decisions about their kidney care journey.
India Diagnostic Labs Market: Dynamics, Key Players, and Industry Projections...Kumar Satyam
According to the TechSci Research report titled “India Diagnostic Labs Market Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition, Opportunity, and Forecast, 2019-2029,” the India Diagnostic Labs Market was valued at USD 16,471.21 million in 2023 and is projected to grow at an impressive compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.55% through 2029. This significant growth can be attributed to various factors, including collaborations and partnerships among leading companies, the expansion of diagnostic chains, and increasing accessibility to diagnostic services across the country. This comprehensive report delves into the market dynamics, recent trends, drivers, competitive landscape, and benefits of the research report, providing a detailed analysis of the India Diagnostic Labs Market.
Collaborations and Partnerships
Collaborations and partnerships among leading companies play a pivotal role in driving the growth of the India Diagnostic Labs Market. These strategic alliances allow companies to merge their expertise, strengthen their market positions, and offer innovative solutions. By combining resources, companies can enhance their research and development capabilities, expand their product portfolios, and improve their distribution networks. These collaborations also facilitate the sharing of technological advancements and best practices, contributing to the overall growth of the market.
Expansion of Diagnostic Chains
The expansion of diagnostic chains is a driving force behind the growing demand for diagnostic lab services. Diagnostic chains often establish multiple laboratories and diagnostic centers in various cities and regions, including urban and rural areas. This expanded network makes diagnostic services more accessible to a larger portion of the population, addressing healthcare disparities and reaching underserved populations. The presence of diagnostic chain facilities in multiple locations within a city or region provides convenience for patients, reducing travel time and effort. A broader network of labs often leads to reduced waiting times for appointments and sample collection, ensuring that patients receive timely and efficient diagnostic services.
Rising Prevalence of Chronic Diseases
The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases is a significant driver for the demand for diagnostic lab services. Chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer require regular monitoring and diagnostic testing for effective management. The rise in chronic diseases necessitates the use of advanced diagnostic tools and technologies, driving the growth of the diagnostic labs market. Additionally, early diagnosis and timely intervention are crucial for managing chronic diseases, further boosting the demand for diagnostic lab services.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
COVID-19 PCR tests remain a critical component of safe and responsible travel in 2024. They ensure compliance with international travel regulations, help detect and control the spread of new variants, protect vulnerable populations, and provide peace of mind. As we continue to navigate the complexities of global travel during the pandemic, PCR testing stands as a key measure to keep everyone safe and healthy. Whether you are planning a business trip, a family vacation, or an international adventure, incorporating PCR testing into your travel plans is a prudent and necessary step. Visit us at https://www.globaltravelclinics.com/
1. Bangladesh Health Professions Institute
Department of Occupational Therapy
Masters of Science in Occupational Therapy
Occupational Therapy in Adult Neurology
The Affolter approach, also known as the Affolter sensory integration approach, is a therapeutic method
developed by Rosemary White-Hoare and Dr Andreé-Emilie Affolter. This approach is used in occupational
therapy and aims to facilitate the sensory-motor and cognitive development of individuals with
neurological conditions or developmental challenges, particularly those with sensory processing
disorders.
The Affolter approach, also known as the Affolter sensory integration approach, is a therapeutic method
that aims to facilitate sensory-motor and cognitive development in individuals with neurological
conditions or developmental challenges, particularly those with sensory processing disorders. The
treatment components of the Affolter approach involve specific strategies and techniques to promote
sensory integration and functional abilities.
KEY ASSUMPTIONS OF THE AFFOLTER APPROACH
1. Sensory Processing: The approach assumes that sensory processing is a fundamental aspect of human
development and plays a crucial role in cognitive, motor, and emotional functioning. Sensory inputs from
the environment are processed by the brain to form a coherent perception of oneself and the world.
2. Neuroplasticity: The Affolter approach assumes that the brain has a remarkable ability to adapt and
reorganize its neural connections in response to sensory experiences and learning. This neuroplasticity is
believed to underpin the potential for sensory integration and functional improvement.
3. Self-Initiated Movements: The approach values the importance of self-initiated movements in
promoting sensory-motor development. Active engagement in purposeful movements is thought to
facilitate the brain's ability to integrate sensory information effectively.
4. Sensory-Enriched Environment: The Affolter approach assumes that creating a sensory-enriched
environment is essential for promoting sensory exploration and stimulating sensory integration. A rich
sensory environment can encourage engagement and active participation in therapeutic activities.
5. Individual Differences: The approach acknowledges that individuals have unique sensory processing
challenges, motor abilities, and cognitive strengths and weaknesses. Therapy is tailored to address the
specific needs and goals of each individual.
6. Task-Oriented Activities: Meaningful and purposeful task-oriented activities are assumed to facilitate
functional improvements and promote the transfer of skills to daily life.
7. Sensory Handling Techniques: The Affolter approach assumes that specific sensory handling techniques
can guide and facilitate movements, promoting sensory integration and improved motor skills.
2. 8. Therapist as Facilitator: Therapists adopting the Affolter approach are seen as facilitators rather than
instructors. They create a supportive and motivating environment to encourage the individual's active
participation in therapy.
9. Incremental Challenges: The approach assumes that gradual progression and increasing challenges in
sensory integration activities can support the development of sensory processing abilities.
10. Holistic Approach: The Affolter approach takes a holistic view of the individual, considering the
interplay between sensory, motor, cognitive, and emotional aspects of functioning. Addressing these
aspects collectively is thought to lead to more comprehensive improvements.
KEY TREATMENT COMPONENTS OF THE AFFOLTER APPROACH
1. Sensory Environment: Creating a rich and stimulating sensory environment is a fundamental aspect of
the Affolter approach. The therapist designs the treatment space to provide a variety of sensory stimuli,
such as tactile, proprioceptive, vestibular, visual, and auditory inputs. The individual is encouraged to
explore and interact with the environment actively.
2. Self-Initiated Movements: The therapist promotes self-initiated movements to stimulate the brain's
sensory-motor pathways and enhance sensory integration. The individual is encouraged to initiate
purposeful movements, explore different body positions, and engage in activities that challenge their
motor skills.
3. Sensory Handling Techniques: The therapist uses specific sensory handling techniques to guide and
support the individual's movements. Gentle touch, movement facilitation, and body positioning are
employed to help the individual organize and integrate sensory information effectively.
4. Task-Oriented Activities: Therapy sessions in the Affolter approach focus on task-oriented activities that
are meaningful and purposeful to the individual. These activities are designed to improve functional
abilities and promote independence in daily life tasks.
5. Observation and Documentation: The therapist closely observes the individual's responses to sensory
inputs and movements during therapy sessions. Documentation of progress and changes in sensory
integration and functional abilities is an essential part of the treatment process.
6. Environmental Adaptations: The therapist may suggest environmental adaptations or modifications to
support the individual's sensory integration and functional performance. These adaptations may include
changes to lighting, sound, or the arrangement of objects in the environment.
7. Sensory Integration Activities: Specific sensory integration activities are incorporated into the therapy
sessions to challenge and enhance the individual's sensory processing abilities. These activities may
involve swinging, bouncing on therapy balls, using sensory toys, and engaging in activities that require
different sensory inputs.
8. Gradual Progression: The Affolter approach emphasizes a gradual progression of challenges to support
the individual's sensory integration development. Therapists carefully adjust the level of complexity and
sensory input based on the person's responses and progress.
3. 9. Individualized Approach: Like all sensory integration-based therapies, the Affolter approach is highly
individualized. The treatment plan is tailored to address the unique sensory processing challenges, motor
abilities, and cognitive strengths and weaknesses of each individual.
The Affolter approach is implemented by trained occupational therapists or other healthcare
professionals with expertise in sensory integration. It is commonly used for individuals with
developmental delays, cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorders, and other neurological conditions
affecting sensory processing and motor function. The goal of the Affolter approach is to improve sensory
integration, motor skills, communication, and overall participation in daily activities.
EXAMPLES OF TREATMENT TECHNIQUES WITHIN THE AFFOLTER APPROACH
Examples of treatment techniques within the Affolter approach might include:
1. Sensory Exploration: Creating a sensory-rich environment with various textures, colours, and sensory
toys to encourage the individual to explore and interact with different stimuli.
2. Swinging Activities: Utilizing swinging movements to provide vestibular stimulation and help the
individual develop a sense of balance and body awareness.
3. Tactile Play: Engaging in tactile activities, such as finger painting, playing with sand, or manipulating
different textures, to promote sensory processing and integration of touch sensations.
4. Body Movement Games: Encouraging the individual to engage in body movement games that require
active exploration, such as crawling through tunnels or crawling over textured surfaces.
5. Body Positioning: Using specific body positioning techniques during activities to support the individual's
motor control and enhance sensory processing.
6. Guided Movements: Providing gentle sensory handling techniques to guide the individual's movements
and facilitate the integration of sensory information.
7. Purposeful Activities: Engaging the individual in purposeful and meaningful activities that challenge
their sensory processing and motor skills, such as stacking blocks, threading beads, or pouring water.
8. Gradual Progression: Gradually increasing the complexity and challenges of activities based on the
individual's responses and progress in sensory integration.