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Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) systems are no longer limited to laboratory applications. With the help of new electronics and software they are now widely used in industrial settings and inservice operations.
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Ultrasonic Inspection Without Couplant
The field of Non Destructive Testing (NDT) has shown tremendous growth in the last half century. Its ability to provide safe volumetric inspection of materials with limited access areas makes ultrasonic testing (UT) one of the fastest growing technique in NDT.
However, the Achilles heel of Ultrasonic Testing (UT) has always been the transferring of energy from the UT probe into the material subject of the inspection. Because air limits the transfer of ultrasound, the transducers need to be coupled to the material using a liquid that promotes the transfer of energy into the material.
Introduction to EMAT
This document discusses non-contact ultrasonic testing using electro magnetic acoustic transducers (EMAT). EMAT generates ultrasonic waves in a test object using electromagnetic induction rather than a transducer, allowing for dry inspection of parts without couplant. It has advantages over piezoelectric transducers like being unaffected by surface conditions but also limitations like requiring conductive materials and higher power. EMAT can generate various wave modes including ones difficult with piezoelectric transducers. The document provides an overview of EMAT principles and applications.
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Nondestructive Testing (NDT) has evolved from being a “necessary evil” to being an essential source of competitive advantage. The right technique not only helps control the quality of the final product, but also provides valuable process control feedback to improve productivity, reduce cost, and increase the
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Surface acoustic wave (saw) radio transponders
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Word of english
Ultrasound equipment is used in industrial maintenance to perform non-destructive testing of materials and products. It can detect cracks in welds and measure material thickness, hardness, and fluid flow. The basic ultrasound equipment includes a signal generator, transducer to emit and receive ultrasound waves, coupler, amplifier, and display device. Advantages are superior penetration, high sensitivity, accuracy, and immediate results. Disadvantages include need for skilled technicians and difficulty with some part shapes. The critical point is potential electrical failures from overloads, fuses, or cables. Ultrasound inspection is a non-destructive method using acoustic impedance to detect surface, subsurface and internal discontinuities.
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Ultrasonic Inspection Without Couplant
The field of Non Destructive Testing (NDT) has shown tremendous growth in the last half century. Its ability to provide safe volumetric inspection of materials with limited access areas makes ultrasonic testing (UT) one of the fastest growing technique in NDT.
However, the Achilles heel of Ultrasonic Testing (UT) has always been the transferring of energy from the UT probe into the material subject of the inspection. Because air limits the transfer of ultrasound, the transducers need to be coupled to the material using a liquid that promotes the transfer of energy into the material.
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Surface acoustic wave
Surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology uses ultrasonic waves that pass over a touchscreen panel. When the panel is touched, it absorbs a portion of the wave, registering the touch event's position which is then sent to the controller. Contaminants on the surface can interfere with SAW touchscreens by disrupting the ultrasonic waves.
Surface acoustic wave (saw) radio transponders
A surface acoustic wave (SAW) radio transponder uses surface acoustic waves to enable remote sensing capabilities. SAW transponders consist of interdigital transducers that convert electromagnetic signals into acoustic waves that propagate along the surface of a piezoelectric material. These waves are then reconverted into electromagnetic signals by the transducers. SAW transponders are passive, wireless, and maintenance-free, making them well-suited for applications like temperature sensing on power lines. One key application is in tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS), where the SAW device acts as a pressure sensor diaphragm to remotely measure tire pressure.
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2) F-TSAW can continuously separate particles by size due to differences in acoustic radiation force and acoustic streaming flow effects. Chemical gradients are also generated through symmetrical owl's eye vortices created by acoustic streaming flow.
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Pipeline inspection is a topic of particular interest to the companies. Especially important is the defect sizing, which allows them to avoid subsequent costly repairs in their equipment. A solution for this issue is using ultrasonic waves sensed through Electro-Magnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT)
actuators. The main advantage of this technology is the absence of the need to have direct contact with the surface of the material under investigation, which must be a conductive one. Specifically interesting is the meander-line-coil based Lamb wave generation, since the directivity of the waves allows a study based in the circumferential wrap-around received signal. However, the variety of defect sizes changes the behavior of the signal when it passes through the pipeline. Because of that, it is necessary to apply advanced techniques based on Smart Sound Processing (SSP). These methods involve extracting useful information from the signals sensed with EMAT at different frequencies to obtain nonlinear estimations of the depth of the defect, and to select the features that better estimate the profile of the pipeline. The proposed technique has been tested using both simulated and real signals in steel pipelines, obtaining good results in terms of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). PPT INTRODUCTION NDT
This document provides an introduction to non-destructive testing (NDT) methods. It discusses different NDT techniques including radiography, ultrasonic testing, liquid penetration testing, magnetic particle testing, and eddy current testing. For ultrasonic testing specifically, it describes how ultrasonic waves are used to detect inner defects by the echo ranging principle. It provides details on ultrasonic testing equipment, including pulsers/receivers, transducers, and displays. It also discusses factors like frequency selection, probe types, and the contact testing method using normal beam probes. In summary, the document introduces various NDT methods and focuses on describing how ultrasonic testing works and the associated testing equipment.
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Ultrasonic Thickness Gauging (w/wo coating)
Conventional Ultrasonic Testing
Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing
Time and Flight Diffraction(TOFD)
Radiography Testing
Video-Borescopic Inspection/Endoscopic Inspection
Eddy Current Testing
Magnetic Particle Testing
Dye Penetrate Testing
Hardness Testing
Pre and Post Weld Heat Treatment
Vacuum Test
Vibration Analysis (vibration/field balancing)
Thermography
Lube Oil Analysis (Viscosity ,Oxidation, Nitration, Sulfating, Incorrect lubricant, Wear additives, Soot, Glycol, Water, FAME)
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Proximity sensors can detect nearby objects without physical contact by emitting an electromagnetic field and detecting changes in the field. Inductive proximity sensors detect metallic objects using changes in inductance near a coil and magnet. They have no moving parts and can operate reliably over long periods. Hall effect sensors detect magnetic fields using the Lorentz force principle to produce a voltage perpendicular to electric and magnetic fields. Both proximity sensor types find applications where contactless object detection is needed like in factories and vehicles.
Detection of internal defects prior to value-added processes
Final strip and sheet steel product is commonly inspected with great scrutiny to qualify material for high-end product requirements. Surface flaws such as slivers, cracks, laps, etc., disqualify these materials from being used in automotive and big box applications. Internal defects such as voids, cracks, laminations, porosity and segregation may remain undetectable with surface inspection methods as they have not yet manifested at the surface. These internal defects often propagate to the surface where ultimately they are detectable in the finished product stage in the form of slivers, blisters, etc., although remaining undetectable in the steel making, hot-rolling, pickling, cold rolling and subsequent finishing operations. Surface flaws are a key cause of down grading of finished product and a significant cost to the steel maker as all value added operations are complete before detection and down grading are possible.
In today’s competitive environment, it is key to maximize utilization of mill assets and to avoid adding value to material which can be known early in the manufacturing process to contain deleterious defects. Using proven methods of volumetric material inspection in two separate case studies, methods have been developed to allow the steel maker to identify poor material early in the process thus avoiding the value added processes on these materials and only processing materials which with a probability of final inspection passage.
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Long Range Ultrasonic Testing (LRUT) is a non-destructive testing method that uses ultrasound to inspect cylindrical pipes from a distance. LRUT gives quick wall thickness measurements over long lengths of pipe, unlike conventional ultrasound testing which takes spot measurements. The key components of an LRUT system are transducers, a pulse-echo unit, and computer for processing data. LRUT is useful for inspecting non-piggable pipes and is more economical than removing pipes from service for internal inspection. Future developments aim to expand LRUT's applications and overcome limitations like its current restricted use under water.
Surface acoustic wave technology
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Surface acoustic waves (SAW) propagate along the surface of piezoelectric materials and can be used to process signals. A SAW device consists of interdigital transducers (IDTs) and reflectors on a piezoelectric substrate that convert electrical signals to surface acoustic waves and vice versa. SAW devices are used in a wide range of applications including filters, sensors, and touchscreens. Touchscreens use SAW devices to detect touch locations by measuring wave absorption. SAW technology provides advantages such as low cost and power consumption but also has disadvantages like temperature dependence.
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This document provides an overview of acoustic emission testing. It discusses the basic principles, including that solid materials emit acoustic signals when mechanically or thermally stressed. The document traces the history of acoustic emission testing back to potters listening for sounds in cooling ceramics over 6,500 years ago. It also outlines the acoustic emission process, including signal propagation from the source through the material to sensors. Applications mentioned include using acoustic emission to monitor welding and detect cracks in pressure vessels.
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The materials included in this compilation are for the use of Dwyer Instruments, Inc. potential customers and current employees as a resource only. They may not be reproduced, published, or transmitted electronically for commercial purposes. Furthermore, the Company’s name, likeness, product names, and logos, included within these compilations may not be used without specific, written prior permission from Dwyer Instruments, Inc. ©Copyright 2014 Dwyer Instruments, Inc.
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This document describes characterizing touch panel sensor failures from electrostatic discharge (ESD) using current-voltage (IV) curve transient line pulse (TLP) testing. It outlines different ESD damage scenarios on touch panels and challenges with current testing methods. The presentation proposes using IV-TLP probing to inject ESD locally and measure current, allowing automated testing and analysis of ESD robustness for different failure modes like trace fusing or inter-trace breakdown. Example test setups and preliminary results are shown for single-trace and differential injection IV-TLP methods.
Inductive proximity sensor
This document discusses inductive proximity sensors. It defines inductive proximity sensors as electronic devices that can detect metal objects without physical contact through the use of magnetic fields. It explains that inductive proximity sensors work by inducing eddy currents in nearby metal objects using a magnetic field, which are then detected. The document notes there are differences between shielded and non-shielded inductive sensors and provides examples of inductive sensor applications like position determination, camshaft interrogation, and use in wind power plants.
ESDEMC TS004 TVS Failure Level Tests Comparison Between ESD Gun, TLP & HMM
This document compares ESD failure tests using different test methods: ESD gun simulator, Transmission Line Pulse (TLP), and Human Metal Model (HMM). A test IC (0531Z) was subjected to these tests. TLP and HMM tests both accurately predicted the failure levels observed in ESD gun testing. Specifically:
1. TLP testing at 100ns and 400ns pulses yielded failure levels of ±19A and ±11.5A respectively, matching the ESD gun failure levels of 10.5-13.5kV.
2. HMM testing with a 50ohm matched setup showed failure starting around 40A peak current, equivalent to 10-15kV E
EMAT Based Production Inspection Systems
While research and development of Electro-Magnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) technology has been active for several decades, hardened production inspection system applications remain limited. Applications remain limited despite the several and distinct advantages and EMAT probe can have over conventional piezoelectric ultrasonic devices.
In addition to being comparable in ultrasonic wave mode generation and sensitivity, under proper design, an EMAT probe offers the following advantages for the production minded engineer: (1) no fluid couplant is required, (2) the test can be non-contact, (3) works on rough, dirty, and hot surfaces, (4) can be operated at very high scan rates, (5) easy to automate, and (6) capable of generating useful waves modes that are difficult to generate with piezoelectric devices. Basic elements of an EMAT system are explained and a comparison to conventional piezoelectric devices is made. By using real application cases, the benefits of EMATs are demonstrated. These real cases include: (1) flash butt-weld inspection, (2) mill roll inspection, (3) automotive laser weld inspection, and (4) tube & pipe inspection.
A new wave of EMAT inspection
1) The document discusses the differences between long range ultrasonic testing (LRUT) and medium range ultrasonic testing (MRUT) for inspecting pipelines. LRUT uses lower frequencies to inspect over longer distances, while MRUT uses higher frequencies to inspect shorter distances but with higher sensitivity.
2) It describes a new technique using MRUT with shear horizontal guided waves for circumferential scanning to inspect inaccessible areas like under pipe supports. This provides better detection and resolution than LRUT within close proximity to defects.
3) The new technique uses a magnetostrictive strip adhered around the pipe that is scanned by a single transducer scanner to perform circumferential inspections and complement LRUT for inspecting shorter
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Predictive Maintenance (PdM) , PdM techniques are designed to help to determine the condition of in-service equipment in order to predict when maintenance should be performed.
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Ultrasonic Thickness Gauging (w/wo coating)
Conventional Ultrasonic Testing
Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing
Time and Flight Diffraction(TOFD)
Radiography Testing
Video-Borescopic Inspection/Endoscopic Inspection
Eddy Current Testing
Magnetic Particle Testing
Dye Penetrate Testing
Hardness Testing
Pre and Post Weld Heat Treatment
Vacuum Test
Vibration Analysis (vibration/field balancing)
Thermography
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Final strip and sheet steel product is commonly inspected with great scrutiny to qualify material for high-end product requirements. Surface flaws such as slivers, cracks, laps, etc., disqualify these materials from being used in automotive and big box applications. Internal defects such as voids, cracks, laminations, porosity and segregation may remain undetectable with surface inspection methods as they have not yet manifested at the surface. These internal defects often propagate to the surface where ultimately they are detectable in the finished product stage in the form of slivers, blisters, etc., although remaining undetectable in the steel making, hot-rolling, pickling, cold rolling and subsequent finishing operations. Surface flaws are a key cause of down grading of finished product and a significant cost to the steel maker as all value added operations are complete before detection and down grading are possible.
In today’s competitive environment, it is key to maximize utilization of mill assets and to avoid adding value to material which can be known early in the manufacturing process to contain deleterious defects. Using proven methods of volumetric material inspection in two separate case studies, methods have been developed to allow the steel maker to identify poor material early in the process thus avoiding the value added processes on these materials and only processing materials which with a probability of final inspection passage.
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This document discusses ultrasonic testing (UT) and acoustic emission (AE). It provides information on UT principles, transducers, transmission methods, instrumentation and data representation. It also discusses phased array ultrasound and time of flight diffraction. For AE, it discusses principles, parameters like amplitude, rise time, duration, MARSE and counts. It then lists various applications of AE testing in sectors like aerospace, alternative energy, automotive, chemicals, infrastructure, manufacturing, materials research and more. It ends with multiple choice questions related to UT and AE topics covered.
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Long Range Ultrasonic Testing (LRUT) is a non-destructive testing method that uses ultrasound to inspect cylindrical pipes from a distance. LRUT gives quick wall thickness measurements over long lengths of pipe, unlike conventional ultrasound testing which takes spot measurements. The key components of an LRUT system are transducers, a pulse-echo unit, and computer for processing data. LRUT is useful for inspecting non-piggable pipes and is more economical than removing pipes from service for internal inspection. Future developments aim to expand LRUT's applications and overcome limitations like its current restricted use under water.
Surface acoustic wave technology
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Surface acoustic waves (SAW) propagate along the surface of piezoelectric materials and can be used to process signals. A SAW device consists of interdigital transducers (IDTs) and reflectors on a piezoelectric substrate that convert electrical signals to surface acoustic waves and vice versa. SAW devices are used in a wide range of applications including filters, sensors, and touchscreens. Touchscreens use SAW devices to detect touch locations by measuring wave absorption. SAW technology provides advantages such as low cost and power consumption but also has disadvantages like temperature dependence.
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This document provides an overview of acoustic emission testing. It discusses the basic principles, including that solid materials emit acoustic signals when mechanically or thermally stressed. The document traces the history of acoustic emission testing back to potters listening for sounds in cooling ceramics over 6,500 years ago. It also outlines the acoustic emission process, including signal propagation from the source through the material to sensors. Applications mentioned include using acoustic emission to monitor welding and detect cracks in pressure vessels.
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The materials included in this compilation are for the use of Dwyer Instruments, Inc. potential customers and current employees as a resource only. They may not be reproduced, published, or transmitted electronically for commercial purposes. Furthermore, the Company’s name, likeness, product names, and logos, included within these compilations may not be used without specific, written prior permission from Dwyer Instruments, Inc. ©Copyright 2014 Dwyer Instruments, Inc.
ESDEMC TS003 Characterizing Touch Panel Sensor ESD Failure with IV-Curve TLP
This document describes characterizing touch panel sensor failures from electrostatic discharge (ESD) using current-voltage (IV) curve transient line pulse (TLP) testing. It outlines different ESD damage scenarios on touch panels and challenges with current testing methods. The presentation proposes using IV-TLP probing to inject ESD locally and measure current, allowing automated testing and analysis of ESD robustness for different failure modes like trace fusing or inter-trace breakdown. Example test setups and preliminary results are shown for single-trace and differential injection IV-TLP methods.
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This document discusses inductive proximity sensors. It defines inductive proximity sensors as electronic devices that can detect metal objects without physical contact through the use of magnetic fields. It explains that inductive proximity sensors work by inducing eddy currents in nearby metal objects using a magnetic field, which are then detected. The document notes there are differences between shielded and non-shielded inductive sensors and provides examples of inductive sensor applications like position determination, camshaft interrogation, and use in wind power plants.
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1. TLP testing at 100ns and 400ns pulses yielded failure levels of ±19A and ±11.5A respectively, matching the ESD gun failure levels of 10.5-13.5kV.
2. HMM testing with a 50ohm matched setup showed failure starting around 40A peak current, equivalent to 10-15kV E
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ESDEMC TS004 TVS Failure Level Tests Comparison Between ESD Gun, TLP & HMM
Similar to Aerospace testing
EMAT Based Production Inspection Systems
While research and development of Electro-Magnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) technology has been active for several decades, hardened production inspection system applications remain limited. Applications remain limited despite the several and distinct advantages and EMAT probe can have over conventional piezoelectric ultrasonic devices.
In addition to being comparable in ultrasonic wave mode generation and sensitivity, under proper design, an EMAT probe offers the following advantages for the production minded engineer: (1) no fluid couplant is required, (2) the test can be non-contact, (3) works on rough, dirty, and hot surfaces, (4) can be operated at very high scan rates, (5) easy to automate, and (6) capable of generating useful waves modes that are difficult to generate with piezoelectric devices. Basic elements of an EMAT system are explained and a comparison to conventional piezoelectric devices is made. By using real application cases, the benefits of EMATs are demonstrated. These real cases include: (1) flash butt-weld inspection, (2) mill roll inspection, (3) automotive laser weld inspection, and (4) tube & pipe inspection.
A new wave of EMAT inspection
1) The document discusses the differences between long range ultrasonic testing (LRUT) and medium range ultrasonic testing (MRUT) for inspecting pipelines. LRUT uses lower frequencies to inspect over longer distances, while MRUT uses higher frequencies to inspect shorter distances but with higher sensitivity.
2) It describes a new technique using MRUT with shear horizontal guided waves for circumferential scanning to inspect inaccessible areas like under pipe supports. This provides better detection and resolution than LRUT within close proximity to defects.
3) The new technique uses a magnetostrictive strip adhered around the pipe that is scanned by a single transducer scanner to perform circumferential inspections and complement LRUT for inspecting shorter
Advancements in EMAT technology
The document discusses advancements in EMAT (electromagnetic acoustic transducer) ultrasonic technology. Key advancements include optimization of coil and sensor design through proprietary software modeling of beam profiles, eddy currents, and wave mechanics. This allows for customization of sensors for applications and eliminates trial and error. Additional improvements involve guided wave analysis tools, signal conditioning techniques like filtering and advanced processing, thermal modeling, and high power pulser and receiver designs. Overall the document outlines how modeling, software tools, and electronics design have helped address historical issues with EMAT technology like low efficiency and overcome disadvantages through enhanced capabilities.
Corrosion detection under pipe supports using EMAT Medium Range Guided Waves
Corrosion detection under pipe supports is a recurrent problem in petrochemical and other process industries, with limited inspection alternatives due to the lack of immediate access to the corroded area. Long-Range UT (LRUT) has been used for years to inspect inaccessible areas but the large blind zone, limited resolution, and complex interpretation makes it difficult to field for this application.
EMAT-generated Medium-Range UT (MRUT) addresses these limitations and provides a robust and proven solution to the problem. EMAT is a non-contact technique that can generate guided waves without couplant or pressure, and permits scanning the part with a single tranducer on parts without surface preparation. Using a single Shear Horizontal and Lamb wave transducer, EMAT MRUT provides excellent near field resolution (no blind zone) and it can detect defects ten times
smaller than LRUT. EMAT MRUT is easy to field, and requires limited training.
Innerspec Technologies will present the MRUT technique with special focus on practical examples of their experience in the field.
Visit www.innerspec.com
UT: A Review Of New Techniques
In this article from the January 2015 World Pipelines edition, Andre Lamarre, Business Development Manager - Power Generation and Pipeline Markets at Olympus NDT, writes about trusted UT inspection methods and new technique developments used to contribute to pipeline integrity.
More on Olympus ultrasonic flaw detectors: http://bit.ly/1zy3QUu
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Ultrasonic Testing Equipments: A Complete Guide
Ultrasonic Testing Equipment, an integral component of ultrasonic NDT, epitomizes precision and reliability in Non-destructive Testing. Read More!
Advance NDT Methods
The document discusses various advanced non-destructive testing methods. It defines non-destructive testing and lists common NDT methods. It then describes several advanced NDT methods in more detail, including automated ultrasonic testing, phased array ultrasonics testing, time of flight diffraction, magnetic flux leakage testing, alternative current field measurement, and acoustic pulse reflectometry. The advanced methods provide more accurate inspections with improved detection capabilities compared to conventional NDT techniques.
Bestech Catalogue
The document provides a product catalogue for various sensing and measurement solutions from Bestech. It includes sections that describe laser displacement sensors, strain gauges, load cells, torque transducers, pressure sensors, accelerometers, inertial sensors and more. The sections provide information on measurement ranges, accuracy, outputs, operating temperatures and IP ratings for different types of sensors. Applications are also listed for each sensor category.
Mems Based Motor Fault Detection in Windmill Using Neural Networks
Today wind turbine technology is one of the fastest growing power generation technologies operating in large numbers at harsh and difficult environment sites and it is difficult to monitor each and every windmill separately. There are times when faults occur in motors of windmills are not detected in earlier stage and we come to know about damage when motor gets fully damaged. Here we using wireless monitoring based on MEMS accelerometer sensor which senses the vibrations occurring in the motor and based on the severity of vibrations, sensor sends the data to the controlling unit to take further action. Neural network based work is included to get the accurate and precise vibratory signals to detect fault at a very early stage to avoid full damage to the motor.
Mems Based Motor Fault Detection
This document summarizes a research paper on using MEMS sensors and neural networks to detect faults in the motors of wind turbines. It begins with an abstract that overviews using an accelerometer sensor to detect vibrations in the motor and send the data to a control unit. It then provides background on existing vibration-based fault detection methods and proposes a new method using MEMS sensors, wavelet packet transform analysis of the sensor data, and a neural network classifier to detect faults at an early stage. The document concludes that this method allows accurate and reliable condition monitoring of wind turbines to prevent motor damage.
Handheld Solution for Measurement of Residual Stresses on Railway Wheels usin...
Handheld Solution for Measurement of Residual Stresses on Railway Wheels usin...Innerspec Technologies
The braking process used on railroad cars is known to create tensile stresses in the circumferential direction due to the thermal expansion and subsequent cooling of the wheel rim. This tensile stress can significantly accelerate the growth of small cracks on the rolling surface which can cause a spall or catastrophic failure
of the wheel under load. By periodically evaluating the tensile stress, railroad companies can prevent wheel failures and derailments that can be extremely dangerous and costly. Innerspec Technologies has developed the first, portable, battery-operated handheld instrument that can be used to provide rail-side inspections and facilitate operation in any environment. The instrument is coupled with a proprietary, patent-pending, dual-channel sensor that does not need to be rotated during inspection thus simplifying the operation, increasing the reliability and accuracy of results, and reducing complexity and inspection cycle time.IRJET- A Review on Boiler Tube Assessment in Power Plant using Ultrasonic Tes...
This document discusses the use of non-destructive testing methods like ultrasonic testing and EMAT to assess the condition of boiler tubes in power plants. It reviews previous research that has aimed to develop improved methodologies for evaluating tube wall thickness, detecting damage from corrosion and overheating, and predicting remaining tube life. The key methods discussed are using EMAT to non-contact measure wall thickness and ultrasonics to measure internal oxide layers as indicators of microstructure degradation. The document proposes that combining the results from these two NDT methods can provide a better assessment of tube condition than considering damage mechanisms separately.
OKO-22M-UT Multi-Channel UT Flaw Detector
The OKO-22M-UT ultrasonic flaw detector is a standalone electronic unit and is intended for application in high-performance automated multi-channel NDT Systems, mechanized NDT systems in NDT laboratories and for manual testing.
Pre-processing of data coming from a laser-EMAT system for non-destructive te...
Non destructive test systems are increasingly applied in the industrial context for their strong potentialities in improving and standardizing quality control. Especially in the intermediate manufacturing stages, early detection of defects on semi-finished products allow their direction towards later production processes according to their quality, with consequent considerable savings in time, energy, materials and work. However, the raw data coming from non destructive test systems are not always immediately suitable for sophisticated defect detection algorithms, due to noise and disturbances which are unavoidable, especially in harsh operating conditions, such as the ones which are typical of the steelmaking cycle. The paper describes some pre-processing operations which are required in order to exploit the data coming from a non destructive test system. Such a system is based on the joint exploitation of Laser and Electro-Magnetic Acoustic Transducer technologies and is applied to the detection of surface and sub-surface cracks in cold and hot steel slabs.
Sonolith I Move Presentation
- EDAP TMS has developed lithotripters for over 30 years and invented electroconductive spark technology for more precise and effective stone fragmentation.
- Their latest lithotripter models offer various configurations including standard, touch, and Visio-Track which features real-time stone tracking using infrared stereo vision technology.
- Clinical studies demonstrate their electroconductive technology achieves the highest stone-free rates with the lowest retreatment needs compared to other technologies.
Sonolith I Move Presentation
- EDAP TMS has developed lithotripters for over 30 years and invented electroconductive spark technology for more precise and effective stone fragmentation.
- Their latest lithotripter models offer various configurations including standard, touch, and Visio-Track which features real-time stone tracking using infrared stereo vision technology.
- Clinical studies demonstrate their electroconductive technology achieves the highest stone-free rates with the lowest retreatment needs compared to other technologies.
UNIT 3 PPT.pptx
Non-destructive testing (NDT) refers to techniques used to evaluate materials, components, or systems for defects and discontinuities without damaging the original part. Common NDT methods include visual testing, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, eddy current testing, ultrasonic testing, radiographic testing, acoustic emission testing, and thermography. NDT allows for detection of issues like cracks, corrosion, or damage and is used across industries like aerospace, automotive, and energy.
Development of Single Channel and Phased Array
Austenitic welds are widely used in nuclear, petrochemical and process industries. The strong material anisotropy and coarse grain structure in the dendritic weld zone makes these welds very difficult to inspect with conventional techniques. It is well-known that the shear horizontal (SH) wave is well-suited for this inspection and that electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) is the best technique for generating this wave mode, but the lack of equipment has precluded its application in the field. This paper presents the development of one channel and phased array EMAT systems and results from tests conducted on samples provided by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). The results show the potential of this new equipment
for austenitic weld inspection, which opens up new possibilities for research and field use.
IRJET- Wave Ultrasonic Testing and how to Improve its Characteristics by Vary...
This document provides an overview of wave ultrasonic testing and how varying operational parameters can improve its characteristics. It discusses how guided wave testing using low frequencies below 100 kHz can be used to inspect pipes over long distances for corrosion detection. Commercial systems have been developed that use arrays of piezoelectric transducers to generate and control axially symmetric modes to identify non-symmetric features indicating defects. Varying the test frequency affects sensitivity, resolution, and range, with lower frequencies providing longer ranges but reduced resolution.
Iaetsd detection, recognition and localization of partial discharge
Partial discharge (PD) in power transformers can be detected using acoustic emission (AE) sensors. PD produces acoustic waves that can be picked up by external sensors. The document discusses using AE sensors to detect and localize PD sources to improve diagnosis of insulation issues. It describes typical AE measurement systems that use sensors, preamplifiers and software for signal processing. Broadband sensors that detect a wide range of frequencies provide better detection of different types of PD compared to narrowband sensors. Proper acoustic coupling of sensors to the transformer is important for sensitivity. AE methods allow online monitoring of transformers and localization of PD for diagnosis.
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Corrosion detection under pipe supports using EMAT Medium Range Guided Waves
Corrosion detection under pipe supports using EMAT Medium Range Guided Waves
Mems Based Motor Fault Detection in Windmill Using Neural Networks
Mems Based Motor Fault Detection in Windmill Using Neural Networks
Handheld Solution for Measurement of Residual Stresses on Railway Wheels usin...
Handheld Solution for Measurement of Residual Stresses on Railway Wheels usin...
IRJET- A Review on Boiler Tube Assessment in Power Plant using Ultrasonic Tes...
IRJET- A Review on Boiler Tube Assessment in Power Plant using Ultrasonic Tes...
Pre-processing of data coming from a laser-EMAT system for non-destructive te...
Pre-processing of data coming from a laser-EMAT system for non-destructive te...
IRJET- Wave Ultrasonic Testing and how to Improve its Characteristics by Vary...
IRJET- Wave Ultrasonic Testing and how to Improve its Characteristics by Vary...
Iaetsd detection, recognition and localization of partial discharge
Iaetsd detection, recognition and localization of partial discharge
More from Innerspec Technologies
Enhancement in NDT inspection for operational effectiveness, efficiency and e...
Enhancement in NDT inspection for operational effectiveness, efficiency and e...Innerspec Technologies
We intend to show that any change shall be linked, not only to improvement, but also to immediate cost reduction so that all management structure can conceive quick implementation as
part of its department strategy & enhancement in their budget cost.
For that, concepts such as effectiveness, efficiency and excellence must be approached. We will give clear saving cost ways which will follow the terminology.
In Financial terms and without a deep analysis, we can con rm cost savings above 30% from current prices are achieved.Quality vs-production-with-ndt-inspections
In last meeting in Davos (Switzerland) in January, the World Economic Forum, expressed its decision to expand investments in green energy. Many new projects are going to be present in the next years.
It is expected a erce competition among companies to be awarded with contracts that will secure their businesses. Some companies have been leading the renewable market for years and they have built a substantial moat which place them in an invaluable position in the market. However, though a good start point, it is not unwavering.
It is time for them to start looking forward and push everyone around to join the industry trend 4.0 also enforced by the Forum. Moving in the right direction will end the controversy of Quality Vs. Production which has dragged down many projects damaging company's image.
Application of conventional NDT methods to supervise the quality has been burdening progress. Production department has been reticent to implement advanced NDT techniques based on wrong concepts.
It is time for NDT companies to look at the industry in the right way, showing that there is a way to work for all. Just by moving forward.
In the next lines, we will try to show and explain that NDT industry must lead the progress introducing FEA analysis in their reports if they want to join all stakeholders around project success.
Case study: The next generation of Mill Roll Inspection Systems
The document describes the development of an improved ultrasonic testing system called the Rollmate G3 for inspecting mill rolls. The new system was designed to address limitations of previous eddy current inspection methods and to reliably detect all types of surface and subsurface defects in rolls. It incorporates 20 ultrasonic inspection channels covering multiple orientations to optimize detection of defects regardless of orientation. Extensive testing on rolls with natural and artificial defects demonstrated it can find flaws that previous methods missed. The new Rollmate G3 system is aimed to provide comprehensive roll inspection for mills without compromises on capability.
Ultrasonic thickness estimation using multimodal guided lamb waves generated ...
Ultrasonic thickness estimation using multimodal guided lamb waves generated ...Innerspec Technologies
The objective of this paper is to study how the selection of the coil and the frequency affects the received modes in
guided Lamb waves, with the objective of analyzing the best configuration for determining the depth of a given
defect in a metallic pipe with the minimum error. Studies of the size of the damages with all the extracted
parameters are then used to propose estimators of the residual thickness, considering amplitude and phase
information in one or several modes. Results demonstrate the suitability of the proposal, improving the estimation of
the residual thickness when two simultaneous modes are used, as well as the range of possibilities that the coil and
frequency selection offers.Sistema de inspección híbrido EMAT-Visión para optimar el proceso de fabricac...
Sistema de inspección híbrido EMAT-Visión para optimar el proceso de fabricac...Innerspec Technologies
Uno de los principales retos a los que se enfrenta la industria del automóvil es la reducción del peso de partes estructurales, sin que esto afecte a la seguridad del producto final. La fabricación de Tailor Welded Blanks (TWB) en la industria del automóvil es un proceso avanzado que consiste en combinar varias chapas finas de metal que son soldadas mediante tecnología láser antes del proceso de estampado. Aunque la inspección de TWB suele llevarse a cabo mediante la tecnología EMAT, ésta presenta ciertas limitaciones a la hora de identificar defectos superficiales tales como el desalineamiento lateral y vertical de una chapa respecto a otra. Con el fin de
afrontar esta limitación, los fabricantes inspeccionan las chapas con un equipo adicional de visión artificial que complementa los resultados del equipo EMAT. Este artículo presenta el nuevo sistema de inspección OPTIBLANKS, que es el primer equipo híbrido que combina EMAT y visión artificial para establecer un criterio de aceptación/rechazo unificado a través de la combinación de la información proporcionada por ambas tecnologías no destructivas. Esta hibridación dota al sistema final de más inteligencia, lo que le permite tomar decisiones más robustas y optimizar el proceso de fabricación y la calidad del producto final. El artículo presenta los resultados del proceso de validación de OPTIBLANKS en una planta de fabricación de TWB (Gestamp Solblank). Los resultados muestran la necesidad de combinar la información de las dos técnicas para incrementar la probabilidad de detección (POD) del sistema de inspección.Detección de delaminaciones y otros defectos de unión en productos de acero m...
Detección de delaminaciones y otros defectos de unión en productos de acero m...Innerspec Technologies
Ondas guiadas superficiales (Rayleigh) y tipo Lamb fueron usadas para la detección de delaminaciones, residuos de acero embebidos en la matriz del material y problemas de adherencia de la frágil capa intermetálica de Al-Fe en la interfaz formada por el aluminio revestido y el acero generados durante el
proceso de laminación en frío “Cold Roll Bonding” (CRB). Se fabricaron muestras multicapa con defectos artificiales de distintos tamaños, localizados entre el aluminio recubierto y el acero. El objetivo de este manuscrito es mostrar la sensibilidad de las ondas guiadas EMAT para indicar cualitativamente
la presencia de defectos, utilizando para ello técnicas de atenuación de la señal adquirida. Para la generación y recepción de las ondas guiadas se usaron transductores acústico-electromagnéticos (EMAT) dispuestos en configuración pitch-catch (transmisión-recepción). La toma de medidas se llevó a cabo en el material laminado antes y después de aplicar el recocido, de forma que se pudieran evaluar las diferencias que el tratamiento térmico provocaba en términos de atenuación y de relación señal-ruido (SNR). El modo S0 de onda Lamb se demostró adecuado para la detección de delaminaciones y residuos de acero embebidos en la matriz
del material, existiendo una relación entre el grado
de atenuación y, el tipo y tamaño de defecto, así
como con la realización del recocido. Sin embargo
dicho modo no pudo detectar falta de adherencia
de la frágil capa intermetálica de Al-Fe debido a los
espesores de la capa de aluminio recubierto y del
acero. Secciones de las muestras inspeccionadas
con EMAT fueron posteriormente evaluadas metalográficamente para corroborar las indicaciones de
defecto. Los resultados demostraron la viabilidad del uso de ondas guiadas Rayleigh y Lamb para la detección de defectos de unión en la producción en serie de planchas bimetálicas de Al-Sn/Acero.U.S. Pipeline Infrastructure 2016
The United States consumes an incredible amount of energy every day, and this demand for energy shows no signs of decreasing. The U.S. pipeline infrastructure is critical to supporting this growing demand. We take a look at this infrastructure and break down some of the facts including age, material, miles and production.
To learn more about energy production in the U.S. visit the U.S. Energy Information Administration or contact one of our oil & gas sales engineers.
Inspection of Austenitic Welds with EMATs
Austenitic welds are extensively used in nuclear, petrochemical and process industries. Due to the strong material anisotropy and coarse grain size in the dendritic weld zone, they are difficult to inspect with ultrasound. In this regard, the shear horizontal (SH) wave mode is far superior to the more conventional shear vertical (SV) and longitudinal wave modes. In this paper, an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) is designed and used for the inspection of two austenitic weld samples. Despite the low efficiency of EMAT generation due to low conductivity of austenitic stainless steel material and strong attenuation in the weld zone, good signal to noise ratio is achieved with optimized EMAT probes and state-of-the-art instrumentation. The angle beam EMAT probe successfully detected all defects in the samples with good signal to noise ratio including a 2% defect.
The capability of detection a defect across a 2’’ inch thick and 2’’ wide austenitic weld zone is also demonstrated in the paper.
Improved Technologies for Mill Roll Inspection
In the fall of 2002, a revolutionary method by which to inspect mill rolls was introduced to the metal producing industry. This ultrasonic approach was designed to overcome the inadequacies of existing inspection techniques while
maximising return on investment. Since then, a number of improvements have been made, and with input from many
roll shops, the latest technologies provide the most comprehensive tool available for the inspection of all types of mill rolls. This paper provides an overview of mill roll
inspection technology and the effects that various inspection technologies can have on the efficiency and costs associated with operating a roll shop. It will also highlight how new techniques provide alternatives otherwise not available.
Guided Wave EMAT Technique for Composite Plate Inspection
Clad metals are composite metal containing two or more layers that have been bonded together. The bonding may have been accomplished by rolling, extrusion, welding, diffusion bonding, casting, heavy chemical deposition, or heavy electroplating. Clad metals offer the opportunity to combine desirable properties and/or characteristics of individual metals and alloys into a material "system" that provides improved characteristics over the individual metals. In the event the bond quality is compromised, these materials will not meet their original purpose. Disbond in clad layers is very similar to an internal void in single layer materials such as steel strip material.
Guided Wave EMAT Technique for Clad Plates
This document discusses a study on using guided wave electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) techniques to inspect three-layered clad coin stock materials for delamination. The study involved:
1. Developing guided wave dispersion curves for the intact three-layer structure and for delaminated substructures.
2. Modeling guided wave propagation and interaction with laminations using finite element analysis.
3. Testing an EMAT inspection system installed on a coin stock production line, which successfully detected disbonds.
4. Verifying the guided wave modeling through destructive and offline nondestructive testing techniques.
Goodness Dispersion Curves for Ultrasonic Guided Wave based SHM
Ultrasonic guided wave techniques have great potential for structural health monitoring applications. Appropriate mode and frequency selection is the basis for achieving optimised damage monitoring performance.
In this paper, several important guided wave mode attributes are
introduced in addition to the commonly used phase velocity and group velocity dispersion curves while using the general corrosion problem as an example. We first derive a simple and generic wave excitability function based on the theory of normal mode expansion and the reciprocity theorem. A sensitivity dispersion curve is formulated based on the group velocity dispersion curve. Both excitability and sensitivity dispersion curves are verified with finite element simulations. Finally, a
goodness dispersion curve concept is introduced to evaluate the tradeoffs between multiple mode selection objectives based on the wave velocity, excitability and sensitivity.
Delamination Detection in Composite Clad Products
In metallurgy, cladding refers to the bonding together of dissimilar metals, normally achieved by extruding two or more metals through a die or pressing sheets together under high pressure. Timely detection of delamination that occurs occasionally during the cladding processes is very important for the industry. This paper presents an EMAT system based on ultrasonic guided wave techniques. The analysis of a three-layer, brass/copper/brass product is also presented including dispersion curves, and interaction of ultrasonic guided wave with delamination defects. The authors observed a cyclic behavior of guided wave propagation with the increase of defect size. An explanation is introduced and proved with finite element analysis. The results presented in this paper will have a very significant impact on understanding of delamination detection in multilayered composite structures including adhesive bonded structures.
Camera Encoded Phased Array for Semi-Automated Inspection of Complex Composit...
Camera Encoded Phased Array for Semi-Automated Inspection of Complex Composit...Innerspec Technologies
This paper introduces a new wireless solution that permits performing accurate and traceable ultrasonic scans of components with complex geometries using a hand-held scanner. The system integrates an array of 3D cameras that track the position of the hand of the inspector with a high-performance PAUT instrument to provide accurate, highresolution C-Scans on any component. This paper provides results of hand-held scans on complex composite parts,
and explores how the solution compares with traditional semi-automatic and automatic systems in terms of setup, ease-of-use, performance, productivity, and cost.Inspección bajo soportes mediante ondas guiadas generadas por EMAT
Las ondas guiadas de medio alcance generadas por EMAT están creciendo en popularidad gracias a las ventajas técnicas y económicas que ofrecen para la rápida evaluación del estado de tuberías y tanques, así como para la inspección bajo soportes y en otras zonas inaccesibles.
Las ondas guiadas transversales horizontales generadas por EMAT son la mejor opción para la inspección bajo soportes y refuerzos soldados por estar menos afectadas por factores externos, como la presencia de soldaduras.
Innerspec Technologies ha desarrollado un nuevo sensor magnetostrictivo que aprovecha al máximo las ventajas ofrecidas por las ondas guiadas SH y solventa las limitaciones observadas en los sensores SH con imanes permanentes.
Visit www.innerspec.com
Inspeccion bajo soportes con ondas guiadas transversales horizontales generad...
Inspeccion bajo soportes con ondas guiadas transversales horizontales generad...Innerspec Technologies
La detección de corrosión bajo soportes o camisas de refuerzo en tuberías es actualmente un proceso problemático debido a la carencia de técnicas de ensayos no destructivos capaces de detectar las zonas defectuosas. Las ondas guiadas de medio alcance de ultrasonidos generadas por EMAT se presentan como una solución a este problema, ya que permiten llegar a zonas inaccesibles y aprovechan todas las ventajas de esta tecnología, que se basan en el hecho de que los ultrasonidos EMAT se originan directamente en el material a inspeccionar, de modo que no se requiere acoplante y se puede trabajar a
mayores temperaturas con piezas pintadas, recubiertas y sin necesidad de una limpieza previa. Innerspec Technologies presentará la técnica de las ondas guiadas de medio alcance y se centrará en el trabajo con las ondas guiadas transversales horizontales para la detección de corrosión bajo soportes en
tuberías en refinerías, petroquímicas y otras industrias.
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Enhancement in NDT inspection for operational effectiveness, efficiency and e...
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Case study: The next generation of Mill Roll Inspection Systems
Case study: The next generation of Mill Roll Inspection Systems
Ultrasonic thickness estimation using multimodal guided lamb waves generated ...
Ultrasonic thickness estimation using multimodal guided lamb waves generated ...
Sistema de inspección híbrido EMAT-Visión para optimar el proceso de fabricac...
Sistema de inspección híbrido EMAT-Visión para optimar el proceso de fabricac...
Detección de delaminaciones y otros defectos de unión en productos de acero m...
Detección de delaminaciones y otros defectos de unión en productos de acero m...
Guided Wave EMAT Technique for Composite Plate Inspection
Guided Wave EMAT Technique for Composite Plate Inspection
Goodness Dispersion Curves for Ultrasonic Guided Wave based SHM
Goodness Dispersion Curves for Ultrasonic Guided Wave based SHM
Camera Encoded Phased Array for Semi-Automated Inspection of Complex Composit...
Camera Encoded Phased Array for Semi-Automated Inspection of Complex Composit...
Inspección bajo soportes mediante ondas guiadas generadas por EMAT
Inspección bajo soportes mediante ondas guiadas generadas por EMAT
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DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part III
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
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Aerospace testing
- 1. Aerospace Testing August 2005 Page 1 of 2 Innerspec® Technologies, Inc. Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) systems are no longer limited to laboratory applications. With the help of new electronics and software they are now widely used in industrial settings and in- service operations. Over the last century non-destructive testing has shown tremendous growth. Its ability to provide safe, volumetric inspection of materials with limited access areas makes Ultrasonic Testing (UT) one of the fastest growing techniques in NDT. Traditionally ultrasound is generated using piezoelectric crystals and rely on a liquid couplant to transmit the sound energy into the material. This technology for sound generation and transition did not change significantly until the advent of non-contact options such as EMAT. Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) technology has been one of the most significant developments in Ultrasonic Testing in the last 20 years. EMAT is a non-contact technique in which the sound is induced into the part using magnetic and electrical forces thus eliminating the need for liquid couplant. EMATs rely on Lorentz Force and magnetostriction to generate the sound and can be used on most magnetic and electrical conductors including steel, iron, aluminum, copper, brass and most other metals. EMATs have all the benefits of traditional ultrasonic testing, but because the sound generation is generated in the part being inspected, they enjoy some unique advantages. Couplant free inspection. EMATs induce the sound in the part therefore liquid couplant is not necessary. This permits easier probe deployment and more reliable readings, lending itself very well to automated applications. High temperature and very high speeds are also possible. Surface conditions. EMATs are not sensitive to surface conditions. Oxides, oil, water, uneven surfaces or thin coatings do not pose a problem for EMAT inspection. Unique wave modes. EMATs are not limited by the wave transmission properties of the couplant thus they can generate any type of wave mode including horizontally polarized shear energy (SH). SH is key to inspecting austenitic welds and other materials with dendritic grain structures such as stainless steel. Another type of wave that can be easily generated with EMATs is guided or plate waves (Lamb or SH at 90°) The main disadvantage of EMAT is the low efficiency of the transducer. EMAT transducers rely on high currents and very precise electronics to generate and detect the signal. With the advent of more powerful electronics and software tools that enhance complex signal processing in real-time, the disadvantages are becoming less relevant. 1. Field Inspection With the introduction of temate® TTG-P1 EMATs have entered the portable instrument arena. The thickness gage uses complex algorithms in real-time for couplant-free thickness measurement. The instrument is capable of running up to 10 hours on battery and includes an internal memory capable of storing up to 60 A-Scan screenshots and over 1000 readings. Other instruments for field inspection include the temate® Ti-P for plate-wave inspection of Pipelines with automated scanners.
- 2. Aerospace Testing August 2005 Page 2 of 2 Innerspec® Technologies, Inc. 2. In-line Inspection EMATs are especially well suited for in-line integration, where the objective is to have automated, real- time inspection of 100% of the material. Innerspec Technologies has deployed weld and full-volume inspection for a wide variety of applications. 2.1. Weld Inspection Shear wave is most commonly used for ultrasonic weld inspection. Conventional Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Testing uses shear wave with an angle between 30° and 60° from the normal beam and requires rastering the probe and internal bouncing of the beam for complete weld coverage. EMATs can generate shear energy at any angle from 0º to 90º and generate plate waves that fill up the cross-section of the material for complete weld inspection in one shot. This versatility makes EMATs unbeatable for weld inspection in automated environments. Full Volumetric Inspection of Plates and Tubes. Taking advantage of guided waves, EMAT system can perform full volumetric inspection with a limited number of probes and detect defects in all directions. 3. EMAT, unlimited Created as a non-contact alternative to piezoelectric transducers, ultrasonic EMAT systems are no longer limited to laboratories and high-end applications and are widely used for in-line and in-service applications. The couplant-free ultrasonic inspection, imperviousness to surface conditions and ability to generate unique wave modes, such as SH and plate waves, have brought EMATs to the forefront of Ultrasonic Testing, making it the technique of choice for many demanding applications where speed, reliability and quality of readings is essential.