This document provides an introduction to non-destructive testing (NDT) methods. It discusses different NDT techniques including radiography, ultrasonic testing, liquid penetration testing, magnetic particle testing, and eddy current testing. For ultrasonic testing specifically, it describes how ultrasonic waves are used to detect inner defects by the echo ranging principle. It provides details on ultrasonic testing equipment, including pulsers/receivers, transducers, and displays. It also discusses factors like frequency selection, probe types, and the contact testing method using normal beam probes. In summary, the document introduces various NDT methods and focuses on describing how ultrasonic testing works and the associated testing equipment.

1. INTRODUCTION ON NDT
BY
NAVENDUAVINASH

2. IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGNING
PRODUCTION
GAME ON
PLANNING(
MANPOER
MATERIAL
LOCATION
SOURCES
PERMISSIONS
PROCESS
IDEA/ REQUIREMENT

3. DESTROY
30% PIECES ORPHYSICALLY HARM PIECES
SUPPOSE
100WORKPIECE 30% REQUIREMENT OF INSPECTION
CHECKED BY
**DESTRUCTIVETETSTING**

4.  CHECKINGWORKPIECE WITHOUT DESTURBING ITS
PHYSICAL PROPERTY.
Generally checked by following process
1) Radiography testing
2) Ultrasonic testing
3) Liquid penetration testing(lpt/dpt/pt)
4) Magnetic particle testing
5) Visual testing
6) EDDY CURRENTTESTING***(NOT IN OUR NDT
LEVEL -2)

27.  USED FOR CHECKING INNER DEFECT.
 WE CAN SEE DEFECT BY USING FILM.
 CLEAR IMAGE OF INDICATION

28. X-rays were discovered in 1895 when
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen observed that a
screen coated with a barium salt fluoresced
when placed near a cathode ray tube.
Roentgen concluded that a form of
penetrating radiation was being emitted by
the cathode ray tube and called the unknown
rays, X-rays.

29. An x-ray tube requires a source of electrons, a means to accelerate the
electrons, and a target to stop the high-speed electrons.

41.  USED FOR INNER DEFECT DETECTION
 USE OF ULTRASONIC SOUND FORTESTING
 USE OF ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY
GENERALLY BETWEEN (20KHZTO20MHZ)
 IN CONTACT TYPETESTING(1 MHZ TO 10
MHZ)
 IMMERSIONTYPE(1MHZTO 15 MHZ)

42.  UT uses high frequency sound
waves (between 0.5 to 20MHz)
 Used for flaw
detection/evaluation, dimensional
measurement, material
characterization, etc.
 Work on the principle of sound
propagation.
 Method is called echo ranging
(device that utilize ultrasonic
waves to estimate and measure
the distance, depth, defects, holes,
etc.)

43.  A typical pulse-echo UT inspection system consists of several functional units,
such as the pulser/receiver, transducer, and a display device.
 A pulser/receiver is an electronic device that can produce high voltage electrical
pulses. Driven by the pulser, the transducer generates high frequency ultrasonic
energy.
 The sound energy is introduced and through the materials in the form of waves.
When there is a discontinuity (such as a crack) in the wave path, part of the
energy will be reflected back from the flaw surface.
 The reflected wave signal is transformed into an electrical signal by the
transducer and is displayed on a screen. Knowing the velocity of the waves,
travel time can be directly related to the distance that the signal traveled.
 From the signal, information about the reflector location, size, orientation and
other features can sometimes be gained.

44. Piezoelectric Effect
• Transducer in probe convert Electrical
Energy into Mechanical or Sound Energy
and vice versa, with the help of
Piezoelectric material
Electrical energy Sound
energy
Sound energy
Electrical energy

45.  Frequency/Probe Selection
• Fine grain structure:- Plates, forging, flat
2.25-4.0 MHz (T<=32 mm)
1.50- 2.25 MHz (T>32mm )
• Casting
0.5-1.0MHz
Probe
Normal
Beam Probe
Single
Crystal
Double
Crystal (TR)
Angular
Probe
45°, 60°,
70°
 TYPES OF
PROBE

46. Contact Type Techniques
Normal Beam Method
•Projected Perpendicularly
•T/R on same side

47. Calibration Block

61. THANKYOU