The document provides an overview of the decline of the Mughal Empire in India. It discusses several key reasons for the empire's decline: [1] The huge empire became difficult to administer over its vast geographic area; [2] The high costs of putting down rebellions and fighting invaders drained imperial finances; [3] Succession disputes between heirs to the throne wasted resources and weakened the empire. Additional factors included the growing pleasure-seeking of the nobility, weakening central control, and the arrival of European powers like the British who were able to take control by 1857, marking the end of the Mughal Empire.
Causes of failure: The war of independence 1857Arifa
Causes of failure of the war of independence PROCLAMATION/DECLARATION OF 1857
The rulers of different states of Indo-Pakistan
The British succeeded
Bahadur Shah Zafar, the Indian King, had no experience of fighting a war
British army was highly organized, trained, disciplined and experienced
Causes of failure: The war of independence 1857Arifa
Causes of failure of the war of independence PROCLAMATION/DECLARATION OF 1857
The rulers of different states of Indo-Pakistan
The British succeeded
Bahadur Shah Zafar, the Indian King, had no experience of fighting a war
British army was highly organized, trained, disciplined and experienced
Glimpses of Pakistan's movement (1849 - 1947)Bilal Naqeeb
Timeline:
1849 Annexation of Punjab
1850 Urdu becomes the official language in all of the west Pakistan provinces, excluding Sindh
1857 War of Independence
1885 Formation of the Indian National Congress
1901 Partition of Punjab
1905 Partition of Bengal
1906 Simla Deputation
1906 Founding of the All-India Muslim League
1909 Minto–Morley Reforms
1911 Annulment of the Partition of Bengal
1914–18 World War I
1916 Lucknow Pact
1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre
1919 Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
1919–23 Khilafat Movement
1922–29 Hindu–Muslim Riots
1927 Delhi Muslim Proposals
1928 Nehru Report
1929 Fourteen Points of Jinnah
1930 Simon Commission Report
1930 Separation of a strong Punjabi group from congress and formation of Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam
1930 Allama Iqbal Address
1931 Kashmir Resistance movement
1930–32 Round Table Conferences
1932 Communal Award (1932)
1933 Pakistan National Movement
1933 Pakistan Declaration / Now or Never Pamphlet
1935 Government of India Act
1937 Elections
1937–39 Congress Rule in 7 out of 11 Provinces
1937 Strong anti congress governments in Punjab and Bengal
1938 A. K. Fazlul Huq of Bengal joined Muslim League
1938 Jinnah Sikandar pact
1938 Pirpur Report
1939-45 World War II
1939 Resignation of congress ministries and non-congress power players got golden chance
1940 Pakistan Resolution
1940 19 March Khaksar Massacre in Lahore[107][108]
1942 India Movement and non congress players further got space
1942 Cripps' mission
1944 Gandhi – Jinnah Talks
1945 The Simla Conference
1946 The Cabinet Mission the last British effort to united India
1946 Direct Action Day in the aftermath of cabinet mission plan
1946 Interim Government installed in office
1946 Quit Kashmir Campaign as the formation of the interim government of Azad Kashmir
1947 June 6 Partition Plan
1947 Creation of Pakistan
War of Independence 1857 (Indian Revolt 1857)Haroon Khaliq
It is a power point work on the Indian mutiny of 1857 or the Indian attempt to gain self rule against British. If you do not get the concept from this work you can watch the video at last.
Glimpses of Pakistan's movement (1849 - 1947)Bilal Naqeeb
Timeline:
1849 Annexation of Punjab
1850 Urdu becomes the official language in all of the west Pakistan provinces, excluding Sindh
1857 War of Independence
1885 Formation of the Indian National Congress
1901 Partition of Punjab
1905 Partition of Bengal
1906 Simla Deputation
1906 Founding of the All-India Muslim League
1909 Minto–Morley Reforms
1911 Annulment of the Partition of Bengal
1914–18 World War I
1916 Lucknow Pact
1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre
1919 Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
1919–23 Khilafat Movement
1922–29 Hindu–Muslim Riots
1927 Delhi Muslim Proposals
1928 Nehru Report
1929 Fourteen Points of Jinnah
1930 Simon Commission Report
1930 Separation of a strong Punjabi group from congress and formation of Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam
1930 Allama Iqbal Address
1931 Kashmir Resistance movement
1930–32 Round Table Conferences
1932 Communal Award (1932)
1933 Pakistan National Movement
1933 Pakistan Declaration / Now or Never Pamphlet
1935 Government of India Act
1937 Elections
1937–39 Congress Rule in 7 out of 11 Provinces
1937 Strong anti congress governments in Punjab and Bengal
1938 A. K. Fazlul Huq of Bengal joined Muslim League
1938 Jinnah Sikandar pact
1938 Pirpur Report
1939-45 World War II
1939 Resignation of congress ministries and non-congress power players got golden chance
1940 Pakistan Resolution
1940 19 March Khaksar Massacre in Lahore[107][108]
1942 India Movement and non congress players further got space
1942 Cripps' mission
1944 Gandhi – Jinnah Talks
1945 The Simla Conference
1946 The Cabinet Mission the last British effort to united India
1946 Direct Action Day in the aftermath of cabinet mission plan
1946 Interim Government installed in office
1946 Quit Kashmir Campaign as the formation of the interim government of Azad Kashmir
1947 June 6 Partition Plan
1947 Creation of Pakistan
War of Independence 1857 (Indian Revolt 1857)Haroon Khaliq
It is a power point work on the Indian mutiny of 1857 or the Indian attempt to gain self rule against British. If you do not get the concept from this work you can watch the video at last.
This great ppt allows you to know everything about Mughal ruler and emperors. This particular ppt is great source to improve your IQ and general knowledge ability. Please follow us (pptmania06) to learn many things
O level history decline of the mughal empirezarnaabhumayun
What were the Indian and the British causes that the Mughal empire came to end.
What were the failures in prevention of the decline of the Mughal empire.
Conclusion
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
4. INTRODUCTION TO MUGHAL EMPERORS
Mughals ruled the subcontinent for three centuries and left
an indelible mark on its culture and society.
Mughal Emperors are well known all over the world for their
golden rule over the Sub-continent, which lasted for over
three centuries. Not only did they gloriously rule this part of
the world, they also left an indelible mark on the Indian Sub-
continent with their art and architecture. To this day, there are
beautiful buildings in all parts of the Sub-continent, now
divided into India and Pakistan, which reminds one of its
splendid past.
6. ZAHIR-UD-DIN BABUR
Mughals came to the Sub-continent when Zahiruddin
Babar conquered Delhi in 1526. It was after the famous
Battle of Panipat where Babar defeated Ibrahim Lodhi,
thus bringing an end to the Lodhi dynasty. This also laid
the foundation for Mughal Empire which then went on
to rule the Sub-continent for next three centuries. Babar
was a very dynamic and enterprising ruler, who could
not rule India for more than four years as he died in
1530
7. NASEER-UD-DIN HUMAYUN
Humayun, Babar's son, succeeded him but he faced several tough
times when he ascended the throne. It was because of the fact that
his father died before he could consolidate his empire. Sher Shah
Suri proved to be the toughest one who brought Afghans to power
and temporarily put an end to the Mughal rule after he defeated
Humayun in 1540.
After his death, his son reigned for nine years and his son Firuz
Shah succeeded him in turn in 1554. But all this proved to be
nothing but temporary hindrance in the restoration of the Mughal
Dynasty, which was established once again by Humayun in 1555.
But poor Humayun was very weak by then and died just a year later,
in 1556
8. JALAL-UD-DIN AKBAR
It was then that the most important and by far the most eventful
period of Mughal reign began when Akbar, son of Humayun took
over after his father's death. Akbar was hardly thirteen when he
ascended the throne and went on to rule for almost half a century.
But in his early days of power, Akbar was supported by Bairam Khan
who faithfully helped him govern the huge Empire. Akbar is well
remembered for his statesmanship, which was based upon good
will towards all. He was but a weak Muslim and tried to bring
objectionable changes in the rules of this religion. But these
changes didn't last for long as Muslims believed staunchly in the
rules laid by The Holy Quran.
9. JAHANGIR
Akbar's death brought his son Jahangir to the throne in 1605.
Jahangir's reign is dented with many rebellions which he
successfully countered. His greatest achievement was the conquest
of the fortress of Kangara in Punjab. It was captured after a
struggle, which lasted 14 months.
10. SHAH JAHAN
Shah Jahan followed Jahangir in 1628, and to this day Shah Jahan is
known for the magnificent monument of Taj Mahal which he had
built in memory of his wife, Mumtaz Mahal (Noor Jahan). But Shah
Jahan was accused by his son, Aurangzeb Alamgir, of extravagance
and he held his father captive and after some resistance from his
brothers came to power in 1658. He remained imprisoned for eight
years where he was treated very well but was kept away from the
administration of the Empire.
11. AURANGZEB ALAMGIR
Aurangzeb Alamgir is known in history for his Islamic works. He was
a pious man who lived like any other ordinary man of India while he
was on the throne. He had seen the way his father had led his life
and despised it strongly. Therefore he preferred to work more for
the social good of his people.
12. END OF MUGHAL EMPIRE
Though Mughal Empire did continue after the death of Aurangzeb,
it is unanimously agreed that the decline had started right after the
birth of this great Mughal Emperor. Bahadur Shah Zafar was the last
Mughal emperor who ascended the throne in 1837 and was forced
to leave in 1857 after the famous war of independence in which
British imprisoned Bahadur Shah in a fort and from thereon
became real ruler of the Sub-continent till 1947.
13. DECLINE OF THE MUGHAL EMPIRE
By the opening of the eighteenth century when Europe was ruled
by Strong monarchies and the European merchant communities
were well on the road to prosperity the Muslim powers everywhere
showed a rapid decline. The empire of the Muslims began to
weaken rapidly after the death of the great Emperor Alamgir-I in
1707.
14. WHY THE MUGHAL EMPIRES DECLINE ?
Reason:
There are many reasons why the Muhgal Empire declined. The decline
was gradual some historians blame Aurangzeb for sowing the seeds
of decline, the empire continued for another 150 yrs after his
death. Perhaps, the real answer was that a number of factors
combined to bring about the fall of one of Asia’s most famous
dynasties.
15. ADMINISTRATION
The huge empire was very difficult to administer. Decisions often had
to be delayed over thousands of miles because of long distance,
that’s why emperors couldnot know what exactly was happening in
every part of empire. This was one reason why Aurangzeb
encouraged the use of mansabdars, but many problems remained.
When rebellions broke out it takes many months before the
emperors could take decisive action to end them…
16. MILITARY COSTS
The Mughal empire was huge & within the empire there was an array
of different peoples & different religions. The cost of putting down
rebellions & fighting wars against invaders, such as Nadir Shah from
Persia was enormous.
17. SUCCESSION
It should also not be forgotten that it was oftern true that huge sums
were wasted when emperor died and there was a succession
dispute, when shah jahan fell sick in 1657 all 4 sons ended up
fighting to succee him even though he had not yet died! it was to
avoid costly wars that aurangzev decided to divide the empire
btween his 3 sons but this was not success dul and suxxeession
disputes continued to erode the empire
18. PLEASURE SEEKING
The wealth created by the mughal also encouraged the nobility to
become pleasure loving and degenerate. they betrayed the
principles of Islam and istead enjoyed the pleasure brought by
wealth, noble often had the finest clothes jewellery and food. one
frnd of akbar is said to have ordered atleast 100 courses at each
meal. the emperors also set a poor example: fine buildings were a
symbol of power and culture but they were also sometimes so
expensive that they were a symbol od extravagance
19. WEAK CONTROL
As the wealth and influence of the nobility grew so that thry became
highly powerful at court and some of the emperor found it very
difficlt to control them , with weak control from the centre . the
mansabdari system was not sufficiently supercised and
administrative efficiency declined, discontent grew and revenue
from taxcollection declined
20. THE ARRIVAL OF THE BRITISH
The Portuguese and the British (The English East India Company) came
in the guise of traders but developed factories and forts which
ultimately became centre of their subversive activities. Their clever
maneuverings and the weaknesses of the Muslim Rulers enabled
the British to seize control of the country by 1857. empire was in
srious decline by the end of 18 century,