Evolution of muslim society
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The document summarizes the evolution of Muslim society in the Indian subcontinent in three phases: 1) Early Muslim traders arrived and settled along the Malabar coast, establishing the beginnings of Indo-Muslim civilization. 2) Muhammad bin Qasim led conquests from Sindh to Multan under Hajjaj bin Yusuf, establishing the first land link between India and other Muslim areas. 3) From the 11th to 16th centuries, Muslims continued arriving from Central Asia during the Ghaznavid period, with the Delhi Sultanate dominated by Turkic-Afghan elements and the Mughal Empire bringing more Persian-Khurasani influences and promoting integration with native Indian society
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Evolution of muslim society
The document discusses the evolution of Muslim society in the Indian subcontinent over three phases:
1) Muslim traders first arrived and settled along the Malabar coast, establishing early Indo-Muslim civilization.
2) Muhammad bin Qasim led conquests from Sindh to Multan under Hajjaj bin Yusuf, linking India and central Asia.
3) From the 11th to 16th centuries, more Muslims arrived from central Asia via Afghanistan during the Ghaznavid period. Muslim influence then expanded under the Delhi Sultanate and more liberal Mughal Empire, resulting in greater integration and the development of Indo-Muslim civilization.
2.muslim rule in india
- The Muslim rule in India began in 712 CE with the arrival of Muhammad bin Qasim, who established Islamic rule in the subcontinent. Major Muslim dynasties that ruled parts of India included the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire.
- The Mughal Empire rose to power in 1526 when Babur defeated the Delhi Sultanate at Panipat and went on to rule northern India for over 200 years. Major Mughal emperors included Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan, and Aurangzeb. The empire started declining after Aurangzeb's death in 1707.
- The British East India Company established trading posts in India in the early
History of Islam in India
The document provides a history of Islam in India from the 8th century to 1857 CE. It discusses several key points:
- The first mosque in India was built in 629 CE in Kerala by Malik Bin Dinar.
- The first major conquest of areas in modern day Pakistan was led by Muhammad bin Qasim in 711 CE, establishing the dominion of the Umayyad Caliphate in Sindh and southern Punjab.
- Several powerful Islamic dynasties and empires ruled parts of India over subsequent centuries, including the Delhi Sultanate from 1206-1526 CE and the Mughal Empire from 1526-1858 CE, introducing Islamic traditions and contributing to cultural
Muhammad Bin Qasim: conquerer of Sindh and Multan
Mohammad Bin Qasim
Al Hajaj Bin Yousaf
Reason for attack on Sindh
Mohammad Bin Qasim’s Attack on Sindh
Mohammad Bin Qasim was nephew of Al Hajaj Bin Yousaf
was instrumental in teaching Muhammad bin Qasim about combat and governance.
Because of the influence of Hajjaj, the young Muhammad bin Qasim was appointed the governor of Persia while in his teens.
During those times, some Muslim traders living in Ceylon died and the ruler of Ceylon sent their widows and orphans back to Baghdad.
Journey By Sea
Valuables for Hajaj Bin Yousaf
As the eight-ship caravan passed by the seaport of Daibul, pirates looted it and took the women and children prisoner.
Hajjaj demanded that Dahir return the Muslim captives and the looted items.
He also demanded that the culprits be punished.
Dahir said hat I have no control over the pirates and was, therefore, powerless to rebuke them.
Thus, in order to free the prisoners and to punish the guilty party, Hajjaj decided to undertake a huge offensive against Dahir.
Hajaj was ready to help the people of Sindh
With Muhammad bin Qasim محمد بن قاسم
The Umayyad caliphate ordered Muhammad Bin Qasim to attack over Sindh.
Mohammad Bin Qasim entered Daibul in 712 AD
He led 6,000 Syrian cavalry and at the borders of Sindh
Muhammad Bin Qasim first captured Debal, from where the Arab army marched along the Indus.
The ruler of Sindh Raja Dahir was staying in his capital Alor (Sukkur) about 500 kms. away.
Raja Dahir did not march to its defence immediately.
He conquered the Sindh and Punjab regions along the Indus River for the Umayyad Caliphate.
Muhammad Bin Qasim first captured Debal, from where the Arab army marched along the Indus.
At Rohri he was met by Dahir’s forces. Dahir died in the battle, his forces were defeated and Muhammad bin Qasim took control of Sind.
He continued his Victorious Progress in succession, Brahmanabad, Alor, Multan and Gujrat.
Now Muslims were the masters of whole Sindh and a part of Punjab up to the borders of Kashmir in the north.
He also established peace with a strong taxation system.
Hajjaj died in 714.
Suleman succeeded as the Caliph.
He was a bitter enemy of Hajjaj’s family.
He recalled Mohammad Bin Qasim from Sindh, who obeyed the orders .
When he came back, he was put to death on 715 AD at the age of twenty.
the caliphs of islam
This document discusses the early history of Islam and the Arab caliphates. It describes the first four caliphs - Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali - who led the Muslim community after the Prophet Muhammad. During their reigns, Islam expanded beyond Arabia through military conquests. The Umayyad dynasty then ruled and further spread Islam into regions like North Africa, Spain, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. However, the Muslim states faced threats from Crusaders and Mongol invaders. Salahuddin and Sultan Qutuz helped defeat the Crusaders and Mongols through important military victories.
EMERGENCE OF ISLAM IN SUB-CONTINENT 715 1557
The document summarizes the emergence of Islam in the Indian subcontinent from 715 to 1557 CE by discussing six Muslim dynasties that ruled parts of the region during this period. It provides details on rulers, territories controlled, and key events for each dynasty: the Umayyad (661-749 CE), Abbasids (750-1258 CE), Saffarid Dynasty of Seistan (861-1003 CE), Qaramitah Dynasty of Multan (980-1175 CE), Yamini or Ghaznivid Dynasty (977-1186 CE), and Ghurid Dynasty (1149-1206 CE).
Muhammad Bin Qasim presented by Habib Anwar
Topic Muhammad Bin Qasim Presented by Habib Anwar Student of software engineering in Riphah International University Islamabad
Din e ilahi
Din-e-Ilahi was a syncretic religion created by Mughal emperor Akbar in 1582 to promote tolerance between the religious communities in his empire. It aimed to merge aspects of Islam, Hinduism, Christianity, and Zoroastrianism. However, it faced criticism from orthodox Muslims and only had around 18 adherents. After Akbar's death, his son Jahangir did not support the religion and it died out. The religion advocated virtues like generosity and forgiveness but failed to establish core principles or scriptures. It was an attempt by Akbar to achieve religious harmony that did not endure due to lack of structure and opposition from traditional religious groups.
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Evolution of muslim society
The document discusses the evolution of Muslim society in the Indian subcontinent over three phases:
1) Muslim traders first arrived and settled along the Malabar coast, establishing early Indo-Muslim civilization.
2) Muhammad bin Qasim led conquests from Sindh to Multan under Hajjaj bin Yusuf, linking India and central Asia.
3) From the 11th to 16th centuries, more Muslims arrived from central Asia via Afghanistan during the Ghaznavid period. Muslim influence then expanded under the Delhi Sultanate and more liberal Mughal Empire, resulting in greater integration and the development of Indo-Muslim civilization.
2.muslim rule in india
- The Muslim rule in India began in 712 CE with the arrival of Muhammad bin Qasim, who established Islamic rule in the subcontinent. Major Muslim dynasties that ruled parts of India included the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire.
- The Mughal Empire rose to power in 1526 when Babur defeated the Delhi Sultanate at Panipat and went on to rule northern India for over 200 years. Major Mughal emperors included Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan, and Aurangzeb. The empire started declining after Aurangzeb's death in 1707.
- The British East India Company established trading posts in India in the early
History of Islam in India
The document provides a history of Islam in India from the 8th century to 1857 CE. It discusses several key points:
- The first mosque in India was built in 629 CE in Kerala by Malik Bin Dinar.
- The first major conquest of areas in modern day Pakistan was led by Muhammad bin Qasim in 711 CE, establishing the dominion of the Umayyad Caliphate in Sindh and southern Punjab.
- Several powerful Islamic dynasties and empires ruled parts of India over subsequent centuries, including the Delhi Sultanate from 1206-1526 CE and the Mughal Empire from 1526-1858 CE, introducing Islamic traditions and contributing to cultural
Muhammad Bin Qasim: conquerer of Sindh and Multan
Mohammad Bin Qasim
Al Hajaj Bin Yousaf
Reason for attack on Sindh
Mohammad Bin Qasim’s Attack on Sindh
Mohammad Bin Qasim was nephew of Al Hajaj Bin Yousaf
was instrumental in teaching Muhammad bin Qasim about combat and governance.
Because of the influence of Hajjaj, the young Muhammad bin Qasim was appointed the governor of Persia while in his teens.
During those times, some Muslim traders living in Ceylon died and the ruler of Ceylon sent their widows and orphans back to Baghdad.
Journey By Sea
Valuables for Hajaj Bin Yousaf
As the eight-ship caravan passed by the seaport of Daibul, pirates looted it and took the women and children prisoner.
Hajjaj demanded that Dahir return the Muslim captives and the looted items.
He also demanded that the culprits be punished.
Dahir said hat I have no control over the pirates and was, therefore, powerless to rebuke them.
Thus, in order to free the prisoners and to punish the guilty party, Hajjaj decided to undertake a huge offensive against Dahir.
Hajaj was ready to help the people of Sindh
With Muhammad bin Qasim محمد بن قاسم
The Umayyad caliphate ordered Muhammad Bin Qasim to attack over Sindh.
Mohammad Bin Qasim entered Daibul in 712 AD
He led 6,000 Syrian cavalry and at the borders of Sindh
Muhammad Bin Qasim first captured Debal, from where the Arab army marched along the Indus.
The ruler of Sindh Raja Dahir was staying in his capital Alor (Sukkur) about 500 kms. away.
Raja Dahir did not march to its defence immediately.
He conquered the Sindh and Punjab regions along the Indus River for the Umayyad Caliphate.
Muhammad Bin Qasim first captured Debal, from where the Arab army marched along the Indus.
At Rohri he was met by Dahir’s forces. Dahir died in the battle, his forces were defeated and Muhammad bin Qasim took control of Sind.
He continued his Victorious Progress in succession, Brahmanabad, Alor, Multan and Gujrat.
Now Muslims were the masters of whole Sindh and a part of Punjab up to the borders of Kashmir in the north.
He also established peace with a strong taxation system.
Hajjaj died in 714.
Suleman succeeded as the Caliph.
He was a bitter enemy of Hajjaj’s family.
He recalled Mohammad Bin Qasim from Sindh, who obeyed the orders .
When he came back, he was put to death on 715 AD at the age of twenty.
the caliphs of islam
This document discusses the early history of Islam and the Arab caliphates. It describes the first four caliphs - Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali - who led the Muslim community after the Prophet Muhammad. During their reigns, Islam expanded beyond Arabia through military conquests. The Umayyad dynasty then ruled and further spread Islam into regions like North Africa, Spain, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. However, the Muslim states faced threats from Crusaders and Mongol invaders. Salahuddin and Sultan Qutuz helped defeat the Crusaders and Mongols through important military victories.
EMERGENCE OF ISLAM IN SUB-CONTINENT 715 1557
The document summarizes the emergence of Islam in the Indian subcontinent from 715 to 1557 CE by discussing six Muslim dynasties that ruled parts of the region during this period. It provides details on rulers, territories controlled, and key events for each dynasty: the Umayyad (661-749 CE), Abbasids (750-1258 CE), Saffarid Dynasty of Seistan (861-1003 CE), Qaramitah Dynasty of Multan (980-1175 CE), Yamini or Ghaznivid Dynasty (977-1186 CE), and Ghurid Dynasty (1149-1206 CE).
Muhammad Bin Qasim presented by Habib Anwar
Topic Muhammad Bin Qasim Presented by Habib Anwar Student of software engineering in Riphah International University Islamabad
Din e ilahi
Din-e-Ilahi was a syncretic religion created by Mughal emperor Akbar in 1582 to promote tolerance between the religious communities in his empire. It aimed to merge aspects of Islam, Hinduism, Christianity, and Zoroastrianism. However, it faced criticism from orthodox Muslims and only had around 18 adherents. After Akbar's death, his son Jahangir did not support the religion and it died out. The religion advocated virtues like generosity and forgiveness but failed to establish core principles or scriptures. It was an attempt by Akbar to achieve religious harmony that did not endure due to lack of structure and opposition from traditional religious groups.
History of Sindh
Sindh is a province of Pakistan located along the Indus River. It has historically been home to the Sindhi people and was an important center of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization between 2500-1500 BC. In 711 AD, the Umayyad general Muhammad bin Qasim conquered Sindh, bringing the region into contact with Islam. Several dynasties, including the Samma and Kalhora, ruled Sindh over subsequent centuries. The capital and largest city of Sindh is now Karachi, Pakistan's financial hub.
Lecture 01 formation & evolution of muslim society in indian
Lecture 01 formation & evolution of muslim society in indianQuaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan
The document summarizes the key factors that led to the formation and evolution of Muslim society in the Indian subcontinent, including:
1. Muslim traders who had commercial links with the subcontinent dating back to the Indus Civilization period helped establish early cultural and economic ties.
2. Generals like Muhammad bin Qasim and Mahmud Ghaznavi conquered parts of the subcontinent and established Muslim rule through military campaigns starting in the 8th century.
3. Rulers of the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire from the 13th-18th centuries enforced Islamic law and promoted conversion, patronizing ulama (Islamic scholars) and Sufis.
4. SufThe Khilafat Movement
The Khilafat Movement was a significant event in Indian history that aimed to protect Turkey and restore the Khilafat and Turkish territories after World War I. Led by Ali brothers and other leaders, it protested the British government's failure to uphold promises regarding fair treatment of Turks and the Khalifa. Gandhi collaborated to lead the related Non-cooperation Movement, but it and the earlier Hijrat Migration Movement failed, contributing to the ultimate failure of the Khilafat Movement and demonstrating growing divisions between Hindus and Muslims.
Pre partition presentation
Pakistan faced many problems after independence, including refugees from partition, disputes over the Indus river water, and the accession of princely states. It struggled from one crisis to another trying to overcome these threats. Pakistan was created after the partition of British India in 1947, which caused massive population transfers and loss of life as millions of Muslims migrated from India to Pakistan and Hindus/Sikhs migrated from Pakistan to India.
Formation and evolution of muslim society in the sub
The document summarizes the formation and evolution of Muslim society in the Indian subcontinent from the birth of the Prophet Muhammad in 571 AD to the establishment of the Mughal dynasty in 1526-1857. It outlines the early spread of Islam through Arab traders in the 8th century and military conquests beginning in the 8th century with Muhammad bin Qasim's invasion of Sindh in 712 AD. It then discusses the various Muslim dynasties that ruled parts of South Asia between the 12th-16th centuries, including the Delhi Sultanate and the establishment of the Mughal Empire by Babur in 1526. Sufi saints also played an important role in peacefully spreading Islamic teachings
sir syed ahmad khan
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was a 19th century Indian scholar and reformer who founded the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College, now Aligarh Muslim University. He was born in 1817 in Delhi to a respected family and received a traditional Islamic education. After working as a clerk for the East India Company, he saw the need to modernize Islamic education after the 1857 war and founded schools that taught both Islamic and English subjects. His greatest achievement was establishing the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875, which aimed to educate Muslims in modern sciences and English. The college later became Aligarh Muslim University after his death.
Shabuddin ghori
1. Shahab-ud-din Ghori was a sultan of the Ghorid Empire who invaded northern India multiple times in the late 12th century. In 1192 at the Second Battle of Tarain, his forces defeated the army of Prithvi Raj III, the ruler of Delhi and Ajmer. Prithvi Raj was captured and executed, allowing Ghori to extend Muslim rule further into India.
2. Ghori appointed Qutb-ud-din Aibak as the governor of northern India. While Ghori continued to campaign and expand the empire, his armies and generals, led by Aibak, continued conquering northern India after his death in 1206.
Muslim rule in india
The document provides details about Muslim rule in India from 712-1857 CE. It begins with the conquest of Sindh in 711 CE led by Muhammad bin Qasim which established the first Islamic rule on the subcontinent. It then discusses several rulers who expanded Islamic territories in India, including the Delhi Sultanate established by Qutb-ud-din Aibak in 1206, the Mughal Empire from 1526-1857, and British colonial rule beginning in the 1600s. The rise and fall of major Islamic dynasties that ruled in India over this period are summarized.
Muslim Rule in India
Muslim rule in India from the 12th to 18th centuries had a profound impact on Indian society, culture, and civilization. Islam brought new social, religious, and cultural ideas that influenced many aspects of life in India. While Muslims remained a minority, their interaction with Hindus over centuries led to influence and changes in both communities through developments like Sufism and Bhakti movements. The pattern of Muslim rule saw repeated waves of conquest and cultural exchange that blended Islamic and Indian traditions in diverse fields like architecture, language, art, music, and literature. Scholars acknowledge the transformative role played by Islam in modernizing India and stimulating new social, religious, and intellectual trends.
Decline of Mughals (1707-1857) -History of SubContinent
Decline of Mughals (1707-1857) -History of SubContinent
This Documentary was a project of History of Sub Continent. Dr Zabir Saeed Badar are supporting the "batch of 2019 BBA (Hons) Semester 7".
All the footage is recorded in Lahore Museum, Mall Road Lahore.
BBA Semester 7 (Batch 2015-2019)
GroupMembers:
Syed Aqib Ali
Mudassar Ahmad
Rizwan Naseer
Muhammad Huzaifa
Nimra Shafiq
Special Thanks to Prof. Zabir Saeed Badar.
You can watch a detailed video here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_WF-tvxlflk&t=26s
Muhammad bin qasim
Muhammad bin Qasim invaded Sindh in 712 on orders from the Umayyad governor of Iraq, Hijaj bin Yousaf. He began his campaign from Makran and conquered cities such as Debal, Sadusan, and Nerun before defeating Raja Dahir's forces at Ar-rur. Muhammad bin Qasim was a successful commander due to his superior military equipment, disciplined troops, use of jihad as a motivator, and administrative skills. However, he was ordered to return to Iraq after revolts broke out in the Umayyad empire and the new caliph succeeded, and was later murdered on his way back in 715.
Lecture 03 shah waliullah
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Shah Waliullah lived in 18th century India during a time of political, moral, and religious decline of the Mughal Empire. He sought to reform Muslim society and minimize sectarian tensions through his writings, teachings, and new philosophical interpretation of Islam. He translated the Quran to Persian and advised rulers on social justice and reducing corruption. He also wrote letters encouraging the Afghan ruler Ahmad Shah Abdali to invade India and defeat the rising Maratha empire, which Abdali did at the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761. Overall, Shah Waliullah worked to renew and strengthen Islam in India during a weakening of the Mughals.6 th lec.advent of islam in sub continent
The document summarizes the advent and early spread of Islam in the Indian subcontinent. It discusses how Arab traders first began visiting the Malabar coast during the reign of Caliph Umar in the 7th century. It then describes how the ruler of a small state near Bombay, Kiring Noor, was the first Indian to convert to Islam after being preached to by Sheikh Sharaf Bin Malik. The document goes on to explain the first military battles between Muslims and Indians during this period. It then outlines the initial phases of Muslim conquests in the subcontinent beginning with the Umayyad dynasty and Muhammad Bin Qasim's defeat of Raja Dahir, establishing Muslim rule over Sindh
Muslim Rule in Spain
After the Umayyad caliphate fell in Damascus, the last surviving member fled to Iberia and established himself as the Emir of Cordoba in 756. He made Cordoba the capital and established the Umayyad emirate. For over two centuries, Córdoba flourished under the emirs and caliphs, becoming one of the most advanced cities in Europe with vast libraries, philosophical and scientific achievements, and a prosperous economy. However, internal struggles after the caliphate's collapse in 1031 led to the fragmentation of Al-Andalus into competing taifa kingdoms, weakening Muslim rule and allowing the Christian reconquista to gain ground.
Umayyad and abbasid caliphates
The Umayyad clan was initially opposed to Muhammad but later embraced Islam and became a powerful Muslim family. After Muhammad's death, the Umayyads led the majority Sunni Muslims while some broke away to form the Shiite minority who believed leadership should remain within Muhammad's family. The Umayyads rapidly conquered territories across North Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Europe until being halted at the Battle of Tours in 732. Their rule ended when the Abbasid family revolted in 750 and established their capital in Baghdad, moving the empire's center away from Syria.
PakiPre War of Independence Era Hazrat Sheikh Ahmed Sarhandistan studies lec...
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Abassid Caliphate
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2. It also discusses important scientific advances during this period by figures like Ibn Sina and Al-Haytham in fields like medicine, optics, and astronomy.
3. Concurrently, it outlines the rise of other Islamic empires like the Fatimid Caliphate based in Egypt and the Seljuk Turks who came to dominate the Abbasids.
Abbasid Dynasty
Here are three news articles about the conflict in Egypt:
1. The New York Times provides background on the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, including its origins and role in Egyptian politics.
2. The BBC gives an overview of the overthrow of President Morsi by the military and the crackdown on Brotherhood supporters.
3. The New York Post reports on new protests against the military-backed interim government and its violent response, deepening unrest in Egypt.
Together these articles provide useful context on the ongoing power struggle in Egypt between the Muslim Brotherhood and the military-led government.
Aligarh movement
The Aligarh Movement was launched by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan in the 19th century to promote modern education among Indian Muslims and improve relations between Muslims and the British government after the failed 1857 uprising. Sir Syed established schools and the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College to provide English education to Muslims and persuade them to abstain from anti-British politics. Through educational and political reforms, the Aligarh Movement aimed to generate an intellectual Muslim class and create understanding between the communities during a tense period.
Muslim advent
The document provides information on the Muslim advent in the Indian subcontinent from 712-1556 CE. It summarizes the campaigns of key Muslim rulers like Muhammad bin Qasim, Mahmud Ghaznavi, Muhammad Ghori, the Mamluk and Khalji sultans who established Islamic rule in parts of South Asia through military conquests and expansion of the Delhi Sultanate. Critical battles, territories captured, and administrative policies implemented are outlined. Key figures that advanced the reach of Muslim political control during this period are named.
The muslim dynasties and sufi's in subcontinent
In this presentation I will show you the muslim dynasties and sufi in subcontinent. So please see all the slides and also subscribe to my youtube channel.
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3sdKcmm-Z5pIPSsd_MX78g
HOW ISLAM SPREAD IN INDIA
Islam spread peacefully throughout India over many centuries through trade and Sufi mystics, not by force or violence. Arab traders introduced Islam to coastal regions in the 7th century. While some areas came under Muslim political rule in the 8th century, local religions and social structures were left intact. People often converted to Islam in whole castes to escape the oppression and lack of social mobility within the caste system. Islam appealed for its message of equality. By the time Muslim rule ended in many areas, Islam had become deeply integrated into Indian society.
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History of Sindh
Sindh is a province of Pakistan located along the Indus River. It has historically been home to the Sindhi people and was an important center of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization between 2500-1500 BC. In 711 AD, the Umayyad general Muhammad bin Qasim conquered Sindh, bringing the region into contact with Islam. Several dynasties, including the Samma and Kalhora, ruled Sindh over subsequent centuries. The capital and largest city of Sindh is now Karachi, Pakistan's financial hub.
Lecture 01 formation & evolution of muslim society in indian
Lecture 01 formation & evolution of muslim society in indianQuaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan
The document summarizes the key factors that led to the formation and evolution of Muslim society in the Indian subcontinent, including:
1. Muslim traders who had commercial links with the subcontinent dating back to the Indus Civilization period helped establish early cultural and economic ties.
2. Generals like Muhammad bin Qasim and Mahmud Ghaznavi conquered parts of the subcontinent and established Muslim rule through military campaigns starting in the 8th century.
3. Rulers of the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire from the 13th-18th centuries enforced Islamic law and promoted conversion, patronizing ulama (Islamic scholars) and Sufis.
4. SufThe Khilafat Movement
The Khilafat Movement was a significant event in Indian history that aimed to protect Turkey and restore the Khilafat and Turkish territories after World War I. Led by Ali brothers and other leaders, it protested the British government's failure to uphold promises regarding fair treatment of Turks and the Khalifa. Gandhi collaborated to lead the related Non-cooperation Movement, but it and the earlier Hijrat Migration Movement failed, contributing to the ultimate failure of the Khilafat Movement and demonstrating growing divisions between Hindus and Muslims.
Pre partition presentation
Pakistan faced many problems after independence, including refugees from partition, disputes over the Indus river water, and the accession of princely states. It struggled from one crisis to another trying to overcome these threats. Pakistan was created after the partition of British India in 1947, which caused massive population transfers and loss of life as millions of Muslims migrated from India to Pakistan and Hindus/Sikhs migrated from Pakistan to India.
Formation and evolution of muslim society in the sub
The document summarizes the formation and evolution of Muslim society in the Indian subcontinent from the birth of the Prophet Muhammad in 571 AD to the establishment of the Mughal dynasty in 1526-1857. It outlines the early spread of Islam through Arab traders in the 8th century and military conquests beginning in the 8th century with Muhammad bin Qasim's invasion of Sindh in 712 AD. It then discusses the various Muslim dynasties that ruled parts of South Asia between the 12th-16th centuries, including the Delhi Sultanate and the establishment of the Mughal Empire by Babur in 1526. Sufi saints also played an important role in peacefully spreading Islamic teachings
sir syed ahmad khan
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was a 19th century Indian scholar and reformer who founded the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College, now Aligarh Muslim University. He was born in 1817 in Delhi to a respected family and received a traditional Islamic education. After working as a clerk for the East India Company, he saw the need to modernize Islamic education after the 1857 war and founded schools that taught both Islamic and English subjects. His greatest achievement was establishing the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875, which aimed to educate Muslims in modern sciences and English. The college later became Aligarh Muslim University after his death.
Shabuddin ghori
1. Shahab-ud-din Ghori was a sultan of the Ghorid Empire who invaded northern India multiple times in the late 12th century. In 1192 at the Second Battle of Tarain, his forces defeated the army of Prithvi Raj III, the ruler of Delhi and Ajmer. Prithvi Raj was captured and executed, allowing Ghori to extend Muslim rule further into India.
2. Ghori appointed Qutb-ud-din Aibak as the governor of northern India. While Ghori continued to campaign and expand the empire, his armies and generals, led by Aibak, continued conquering northern India after his death in 1206.
Muslim rule in india
The document provides details about Muslim rule in India from 712-1857 CE. It begins with the conquest of Sindh in 711 CE led by Muhammad bin Qasim which established the first Islamic rule on the subcontinent. It then discusses several rulers who expanded Islamic territories in India, including the Delhi Sultanate established by Qutb-ud-din Aibak in 1206, the Mughal Empire from 1526-1857, and British colonial rule beginning in the 1600s. The rise and fall of major Islamic dynasties that ruled in India over this period are summarized.
Muslim Rule in India
Muslim rule in India from the 12th to 18th centuries had a profound impact on Indian society, culture, and civilization. Islam brought new social, religious, and cultural ideas that influenced many aspects of life in India. While Muslims remained a minority, their interaction with Hindus over centuries led to influence and changes in both communities through developments like Sufism and Bhakti movements. The pattern of Muslim rule saw repeated waves of conquest and cultural exchange that blended Islamic and Indian traditions in diverse fields like architecture, language, art, music, and literature. Scholars acknowledge the transformative role played by Islam in modernizing India and stimulating new social, religious, and intellectual trends.
Decline of Mughals (1707-1857) -History of SubContinent
Decline of Mughals (1707-1857) -History of SubContinent
This Documentary was a project of History of Sub Continent. Dr Zabir Saeed Badar are supporting the "batch of 2019 BBA (Hons) Semester 7".
All the footage is recorded in Lahore Museum, Mall Road Lahore.
BBA Semester 7 (Batch 2015-2019)
GroupMembers:
Syed Aqib Ali
Mudassar Ahmad
Rizwan Naseer
Muhammad Huzaifa
Nimra Shafiq
Special Thanks to Prof. Zabir Saeed Badar.
You can watch a detailed video here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_WF-tvxlflk&t=26s
Muhammad bin qasim
Muhammad bin Qasim invaded Sindh in 712 on orders from the Umayyad governor of Iraq, Hijaj bin Yousaf. He began his campaign from Makran and conquered cities such as Debal, Sadusan, and Nerun before defeating Raja Dahir's forces at Ar-rur. Muhammad bin Qasim was a successful commander due to his superior military equipment, disciplined troops, use of jihad as a motivator, and administrative skills. However, he was ordered to return to Iraq after revolts broke out in the Umayyad empire and the new caliph succeeded, and was later murdered on his way back in 715.
Lecture 03 shah waliullah
Lecture 03 shah waliullahQuaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan
Shah Waliullah lived in 18th century India during a time of political, moral, and religious decline of the Mughal Empire. He sought to reform Muslim society and minimize sectarian tensions through his writings, teachings, and new philosophical interpretation of Islam. He translated the Quran to Persian and advised rulers on social justice and reducing corruption. He also wrote letters encouraging the Afghan ruler Ahmad Shah Abdali to invade India and defeat the rising Maratha empire, which Abdali did at the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761. Overall, Shah Waliullah worked to renew and strengthen Islam in India during a weakening of the Mughals.6 th lec.advent of islam in sub continent
The document summarizes the advent and early spread of Islam in the Indian subcontinent. It discusses how Arab traders first began visiting the Malabar coast during the reign of Caliph Umar in the 7th century. It then describes how the ruler of a small state near Bombay, Kiring Noor, was the first Indian to convert to Islam after being preached to by Sheikh Sharaf Bin Malik. The document goes on to explain the first military battles between Muslims and Indians during this period. It then outlines the initial phases of Muslim conquests in the subcontinent beginning with the Umayyad dynasty and Muhammad Bin Qasim's defeat of Raja Dahir, establishing Muslim rule over Sindh
Muslim Rule in Spain
After the Umayyad caliphate fell in Damascus, the last surviving member fled to Iberia and established himself as the Emir of Cordoba in 756. He made Cordoba the capital and established the Umayyad emirate. For over two centuries, Córdoba flourished under the emirs and caliphs, becoming one of the most advanced cities in Europe with vast libraries, philosophical and scientific achievements, and a prosperous economy. However, internal struggles after the caliphate's collapse in 1031 led to the fragmentation of Al-Andalus into competing taifa kingdoms, weakening Muslim rule and allowing the Christian reconquista to gain ground.
Umayyad and abbasid caliphates
The Umayyad clan was initially opposed to Muhammad but later embraced Islam and became a powerful Muslim family. After Muhammad's death, the Umayyads led the majority Sunni Muslims while some broke away to form the Shiite minority who believed leadership should remain within Muhammad's family. The Umayyads rapidly conquered territories across North Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Europe until being halted at the Battle of Tours in 732. Their rule ended when the Abbasid family revolted in 750 and established their capital in Baghdad, moving the empire's center away from Syria.
PakiPre War of Independence Era Hazrat Sheikh Ahmed Sarhandistan studies lec...
This document provides an overview of Pakistan Studies topics related to the pre-independence era, including the advent of Islam in the subcontinent, the establishment and decline of Muslim rule under various empires, and the role of religious scholars and Sufi saints in spreading Islam. It then focuses on Sheikh Ahmed Sirhindi, referred to as the Mujadid Alf Sani or reformer of the second millennium. Key points about Sheikh Ahmed include that he challenged un-Islamic trends under Akbar, emphasized reverting to true Islam, and had a huge impact on reforming Muslim society and influencing the religious views of Jahangir.
Abassid Caliphate
1. The document discusses the Abbasid Caliphate from the 10th-11th centuries, noting several caliphs like Al Muti, At Tai, and Al Qadir and how they grew weaker over time due to the influence of other dynasties like the Buwayids.
2. It also discusses important scientific advances during this period by figures like Ibn Sina and Al-Haytham in fields like medicine, optics, and astronomy.
3. Concurrently, it outlines the rise of other Islamic empires like the Fatimid Caliphate based in Egypt and the Seljuk Turks who came to dominate the Abbasids.
Abbasid Dynasty
Here are three news articles about the conflict in Egypt:
1. The New York Times provides background on the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, including its origins and role in Egyptian politics.
2. The BBC gives an overview of the overthrow of President Morsi by the military and the crackdown on Brotherhood supporters.
3. The New York Post reports on new protests against the military-backed interim government and its violent response, deepening unrest in Egypt.
Together these articles provide useful context on the ongoing power struggle in Egypt between the Muslim Brotherhood and the military-led government.
Aligarh movement
The Aligarh Movement was launched by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan in the 19th century to promote modern education among Indian Muslims and improve relations between Muslims and the British government after the failed 1857 uprising. Sir Syed established schools and the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College to provide English education to Muslims and persuade them to abstain from anti-British politics. Through educational and political reforms, the Aligarh Movement aimed to generate an intellectual Muslim class and create understanding between the communities during a tense period.
Muslim advent
The document provides information on the Muslim advent in the Indian subcontinent from 712-1556 CE. It summarizes the campaigns of key Muslim rulers like Muhammad bin Qasim, Mahmud Ghaznavi, Muhammad Ghori, the Mamluk and Khalji sultans who established Islamic rule in parts of South Asia through military conquests and expansion of the Delhi Sultanate. Critical battles, territories captured, and administrative policies implemented are outlined. Key figures that advanced the reach of Muslim political control during this period are named.
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Lecture 01 formation & evolution of muslim society in indian
Lecture 01 formation & evolution of muslim society in indian
Formation and evolution of muslim society in the sub
Formation and evolution of muslim society in the sub
Decline of Mughals (1707-1857) -History of SubContinent
Decline of Mughals (1707-1857) -History of SubContinent
PakiPre War of Independence Era Hazrat Sheikh Ahmed Sarhandistan studies lec...
PakiPre War of Independence Era Hazrat Sheikh Ahmed Sarhandistan studies lec...
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The muslim dynasties and sufi's in subcontinent
In this presentation I will show you the muslim dynasties and sufi in subcontinent. So please see all the slides and also subscribe to my youtube channel.
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3sdKcmm-Z5pIPSsd_MX78g
HOW ISLAM SPREAD IN INDIA
Islam spread peacefully throughout India over many centuries through trade and Sufi mystics, not by force or violence. Arab traders introduced Islam to coastal regions in the 7th century. While some areas came under Muslim political rule in the 8th century, local religions and social structures were left intact. People often converted to Islam in whole castes to escape the oppression and lack of social mobility within the caste system. Islam appealed for its message of equality. By the time Muslim rule ended in many areas, Islam had become deeply integrated into Indian society.
Islamic history
The document discusses the spread of Islam from the 7th century onwards from the Arabian peninsula to three continents within half a century. It notes that Islam spread primarily through religious appeal and conversion rather than by force, except in Arabia where some tribes were warred against for not accepting Islam. It then discusses various Muslim invasions and rulers in India from the 11th century onward, including the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire. It also briefly mentions the political aspects of Islam derived from the Quran and traditions of the Prophet Muhammad.
The Rise of Islam
The document summarizes the rise of Islam beginning with conditions in Arabia prior to Muhammad. It describes Muhammad's early life and religious experiences, including his first revelations from God. It then discusses how Muhammad spread the message of Islam in Mecca and Medina, and the establishment of the religion's core beliefs and practices. The expansion of Islamic rule through military conquests and trade is also summarized.
ANCIENT HISTORY OF PAKISTAN
The document provides a historical overview of Pakistan from ancient times to the present. It describes important early civilizations like the Soan Valley and Mehrgarh cultures, which featured some of the oldest evidence of human presence and early city life in South Asia. It also discusses the highly advanced Indus Valley Civilization, notable for its urban planning and sanitation systems. Later sections cover the arrival of Islam under Muhammad bin Qasim in the 8th century and highlights of Pakistan's history under rulers like the Mughals up to its independence in 1947. The document shares many incredible facts about Pakistan's geography, culture and history.
The History of Islam
The document summarizes the origins and key aspects of Islam. It began in the 7th century in Mecca under the prophet Muhammad. The Quran contains revelations Muhammad received from God. Islam spread rapidly during the Golden Age from 750-1258 AD and is now the second largest religion. The two main denominations are Sunni, comprising 80% of Muslims, and Shia, who believe in religious leadership of Imams.
Presentation Of Islam
This document provides an overview of an Islamic cultural awareness course, including introductions, guidelines, background information on Muslims in the local community and workplace, and key Islamic beliefs and practices. It outlines the five pillars of Islam, articles of faith, sensitivities to consider, and importance of interfaith dialogue. Contact details are provided for further information.
Pakistan studies notes
This document outlines the 30 lectures of a Pakistan Studies course, covering topics such as:
- The ideology of Pakistan according to Quaid-e-Azam and Allama Iqbal
- The Aligarh Movement and contributions of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
- Major political developments from 1857-1918 and the Khilafat Movement
- Muslim politics in British India from 1924-1935 and Iqbal's 1930 presidential address
- The Lahore Resolution of 1940 and major political developments in 1945-46
- Constitution making from 1947-1956 and an overview of Pakistan's political history
- Additional topics include Pakistan's geography, natural resources, education system, and foreign policy.
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Umayyad and abbasid caliphates
The Umayyad clan was initially opposed to Muhammad but later embraced Islam and became a powerful Muslim family. After Muhammad's death, the Umayyads led the majority Sunni Muslims while some broke away to form the Shiite minority who believed leadership should remain within Muhammad's family. The Umayyads rapidly conquered territories across North Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Europe until being halted at the Battle of Tours in 732. Their rule ended when the Abbasid family revolted in 750 and established their capital in Baghdad, moving the empire's center away from Syria.
Lecture 2.pptx
The document provides an overview of Muslim rule in pre-colonial India, beginning with the Arab conquest of Sindh in the 8th century led by Muhammad bin Qasim. Arab administration followed the principles of not acquiring land and respecting local practices. Cultural exchange flourished during this period. Turkish Muslim dynasties later expanded rule, including the Ghaznavids and Ghurids. The Delhi Sultanate was established in 1206 and marked the beginning of Indo-Islamic culture through the fusion of indigenous and Muslim customs. It reorganized administration and the military and promoted development.
10.2 islam expands
1) In spite of internal conflicts between Sunni and Shi'a Muslims, the Muslim empire expanded greatly under early caliphs and the Umayyad dynasty to span three continents.
2) The Abbasid dynasty replaced the Umayyads and moved the capital to Baghdad, consolidating power over a vast bureaucracy.
3) However, independent Muslim states and the Fatimid caliphate divided rule, and the Umayyads established control in Islamic Spain as the caliphate of al-Andalus.
Al andalus
The Arabs on the Iberian Peninsula from 711-1492 CE saw:
1. The initial conquest by Muslim armies which established independent emirates and caliphates that flourished for several centuries, reaching a golden age under the Caliphate of Córdoba.
2. The fragmentation of al-Andalus into competing Taifa kingdoms from the 11th-13th centuries as Christian kingdoms advanced, until temporary political unifications by the Almoravids and Almohads.
3. The eventual fall of Muslim rule to the Catholic Monarchs with the conquest of Granada in 1492, ending over 700 years of Arab presence on the Iberian Peninsula
Pakistan Studies notes
The advent of Islam in South Asia began with Arab traders who brought the religion through trade routes between Arabia and India. Muslim rule was established after Muhammad bin Qasim's conquest of Sindh in 712 at the order of the Umayyad Caliph to punish the local ruler, Raja Dahir, for attacking Arab traders and imprisoning Muslims. Bin Qasim defeated Dahir's forces and brought peace and prosperity to Sindh by restoring order and crushing pirates, while allowing religious freedom and generous treatment of locals. This opened the region to Islamic influences and the flourishing of trade.
Al-Andalus
Created by María Jesús Campos, teacher of Social Studies, Geography and History in a bilingual section in Madrid
Unit 2 the islam
The document provides information on the origin and expansion of Islam. It began in the 7th century AD in the Arabian Peninsula under the prophet Muhammad. Muhammad and his followers fled from Mecca to Medina in 622 AD due to attacks, in an event known as the Hegira. After Muhammad's death, his successors continued conquering new territories across North Africa and the Middle East. One of the most significant Islamic empires was the Umayyad Caliphate, which established its capital in Damascus and expanded across the Iberian Peninsula to establish al-Andalus. The document also briefly outlines Islamic society, politics, economy, and urban layout during this period.
Islam and al-Andalus
The document provides an overview of Islam and its expansion into al-Andalus (Islamic Iberia). It discusses the origins and spread of Islam from the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century. It then focuses on the conquest of the Iberian Peninsula in 711 AD and the establishment of the Umayyad Emirate of Cordoba, which later became the independent Caliphate of Cordoba - a golden age of prosperity. This caliphate eventually broke into rival taifa kingdoms, with the Taifa of Granada surviving until 1492. The economy was based on trade and highly developed agriculture, and society was multi-cultural with Muslim and non-Muslim populations. Islamic culture flour
Slideshare teaching studies (songhai empire)
Sonni Ali was the first leader of the Songhai Empire in the 15th century. He conquered many cities including Timbuktu and seized control of the Mali Empire's gold and salt trades. The empire expanded further under Askia Muhammed, who divided it into provinces, established government organizations, spread Islam, and increased trade with Europe and Asia. However, the Songhai Empire eventually fell after Askia Muhammed's son took power and Moroccan armies seized its northern territories including Timbuktu and Gao in the 16th century.
Al andalus
The political situation in the Iberian Peninsula in the early 8th century was unstable, with a civil war occurring between King Rodrigo and the family of the previous king, Witiza. When the Witiza family hired Muslim mercenaries from North Africa to fight for them, the Muslim army led by Musa and Tariq defeated Rodrigo's forces and went on to conquer most of the peninsula over the next few years due to the weakness of the Visigothic nobles. Al-Andalus began as an emirate dependent on the Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus, but it became independent under Emir Abd al-Rahman in 756 and later a caliphate under
African kingdoms ssush6a
1) Medieval African kingdoms like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai emerged along the trans-Saharan trade routes in West Africa between the 3rd-16th centuries.
2) They used taxation of the lucrative salt and gold trade to grow wealthy and powerful, developing strong bureaucracies and militaries to control their empires.
3) Rulers like Mansa Musa of Mali transformed cities like Timbuktu into centers of Islamic learning and expanded their empires through effective administration and military conquest.
ISLAM AND ITS EXPANSION
The document summarizes the origins and early expansion of Islam. It describes pre-Islamic Arabia and the life of Muhammad, who received revelations from God and began preaching Islam. Muhammad's followers faced persecution in Mecca, leading to the Hijra or migration to Medina in 622 and establishing the Muslim calendar. The five pillars of Islam are outlined as professing faith, daily prayer, pilgrimage to Mecca, fasting during Ramadan, and alms-giving. The early Islamic caliphates rapidly expanded the Arab Empire across the Middle East and North Africa under the Rashidun and Umayyad caliphates before the Abbasids moved the capital to Baghdad.
Presentación 4 2
The document summarizes the origins and early expansion of Islam. It describes pre-Islamic Arabia and the life of Muhammad, who received revelations from God and began preaching Islam. Muhammad's followers faced persecution in Mecca, leading to the Hijra or migration to Medina in 622 and establishing the Muslim calendar. The five pillars of Islam are outlined as professing faith, daily prayer, pilgrimage to Mecca, fasting during Ramadan, and alms-giving. The early Islamic caliphates rapidly expanded the Arab Empire across the Middle East and North Africa under the Rashidun and Umayyad caliphates before the Abbasids moved the capital to Baghdad.
Al-Andalus
This document discusses the history of Islam and its arrival in the Iberian Peninsula, known as Al-Andalus. It began with the Umayyad conquest in 711 AD and the creation of an Islamic state. Muslims ruled Al-Andalus until 1492, leaving influences on Spanish culture, art, customs and language. The golden age was the Caliphate of Cordoba in the 10th century, though Al-Andalus eventually fractured and was reduced to the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada by the 13th century before the final Islamic rule ended in 1492.
Ch.2/L1 - the Ottoman Empire
The Ottomans established a vast Muslim empire between 1300 and 1600 CE that combined many cultures. They were led by effective military leaders like Osman, Mehmed II, Selim I, and Suleiman I. Under Suleiman, the empire reached its peak, stretching from Hungary to Iraq and controlling Mecca and Medina. However, later incompetent rulers, fratricide, and imprisoning potential heirs weakened the empire and led to a slow decline.
Africa lecture #2
This document outlines the agenda and key topics for a lecture on West African trading empires between 790-1600 CE. It discusses the rise and fall of several major empires, including Ghana, Mali, Songhai, and Benin, and how the trans-Saharan gold-salt trade led to the growth of cities and spread of Islam. It also examines how increased demand for slaves in the 1500s due to European colonization of the Americas led to the devastation of the African slave trade.
Mahamud of ghazni and mohammad of ghur
Mahmud of Ghazni and Mohammad of Ghur were rulers from the 11th-12th century who invaded northern India from their power bases in Ghazni and Ghur, located in modern day Afghanistan. Mahmud raided India 17 times between 1001-1025, plundering wealthy temples and cities to fund his empire. Mohammad of Ghur conquered the Rajput kingdoms in the late 12th century and established the Delhi Sultanate under his general Qutb al-Din Aibak, laying the foundations for Turkic rule in northern India.
The World of the 15th Century Part 3
The document summarizes the four major Islamic empires of the 15th-16th centuries: the Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire, Songhay Empire, and Mughal Empire. It describes their origins, religious diversity, economic power, and cultural achievements. It also notes tensions between the Sunni Ottoman and Shia Safavid empires and the gradual decline of these frontier empires over time due to external economic and political forces.
Ch.7
The Abbasid Caliphate declined due to peasant revolts, high taxes, civil wars during succession disputes, and the use of Turkish slaves in the army. This led to invasions by the Buyids, Seljuk Turks, and finally the Mongols. Islam spread to South and Southeast Asia through trade along maritime routes and the teachings of Sufi mystics, with most converts in port cities. While some areas like mainland Asia and Bali resisted due to Buddhism and Hinduism, Indian cultural influences spread to the Muslim world through the Delhi Sultanate's rule.
Ch.7
The Abbasid Caliphate declined due to peasant revolts, high taxes, civil wars during succession disputes, and the use of Turkish slaves in the army. This led to invasions by the Buyids, Seljuk Turks, and finally the Mongols. Islam spread to South and Southeast Asia through trade along maritime routes and the teachings of Sufi mystics, with most converts in port cities. While some areas like mainland Asia and Bali resisted due to Buddhism and Hinduism, Indian cultural influences spread to the Muslim world after the invasions of Mahmud of Ghazni and the Sultanate of Delhi.
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Evolution of muslim society
- 1. EVOLUTION OF MUSLIM SOCIETY • the advent of islam is a unique feature of world as it brought arabs and indians in contact. • AZIZ AHMAD divides muslims arrival in subcontinent in three phases. • 1-muslim arrival as traders. trade relations exist between two before advent of islam. Arabs used to visit india for trade purpose. with the passage of time arabs start settling along malabar. this was infact start of indo muslim civilization
- 2. • PRESENTATION BY • SYED AMMAR LATIF FOR MORE PLEASE LIKE FACBOOK PAGE ammarg123@gmail.com
- 3. • 2-expanding wave of muslim conquest • hajaj bin yousuf sent muhammad bin qasim to conquere sindh.he was successful in conquering area from sindh to multan.it was first land link between two. 3-from 11 to 16 century muslims came from north asia via afghanistan during ghazni's period w e can divide muslims influx in two phases 1-dehli sultanate(1206-1526) delhi sultanate was dominated by turk-afghan elements,who made aloofness from natives of india.
- 4. • 2-mughal empire(1526-1857) it was dominated by persian-khurasani elements. • They introduced liberal policies,resulted into indo- muslim civilization. • mughal tried their best to mix with natives of india. • Akbar also brought concept of deen i illahi and given hindu rajputs share in administration.