2. OBJECTIVES:
• Define what is Islam
• Define the different traditions, beliefs and
cultures of Muslims under Islam
• Define the different denominations of Islam
• Discuss the brief history of Islam in the
Philippines.
3. TOPIC OVERVIEW
• WHAT IS ISLAM?
• HISTORY
• THE PROPHET MOHAMMED
• CALIPHATE SYSTEM
• SUNNIS AND SHIITES
• DENOMINATIONS OF ISLAM
• THE MOSQUE
• COMMON FEATURES OF THE MOSQUE
• QURAN/KURAN
• CORE VALUES
• FIVE PILLARS
• MUSLIM PRAYER
• MUSLIM HOLIDAYS
• ISLAM IN THE PHILIPPINES
• SHARIA LAW
4. What is Islam?
• It is the second largest religion in the world next
to Christianity.
• The History of Islam dates back to the 7th
Century making it the youngest among the other
world religions.
5. HISTORY
• The religion Islam started in Mecca which is now
Saudi Arabia in modern day.
• The word “Islam” means submission to the will
of God.
• It was founded by the prophet Mohammed, who
was born in Mecca around A.D 570 who also
settled in Medina around 622
6. THE PROPHET MOHAMMED
• The famous Islam Prophet Mohammed also
known in various different names like
Mohammad or Muhammad, is conceived to have
been visited by an angel named Gabriel who
ordered him to recite the words of Allah.
• Throughout his life, he continued to recite the
words of Allah by teaching the Muslims that
there was no other God other than Allah and
that they should submit to His will.
7. THE CALIPHATE SYSTEM
• After Mohammad’s death in 632, a series of
leaders known as the “Caliphs” became
Mohammad’s successors.
• The Caliphs’ rule paved the way for the Islam
religion to become diverse throughout the
Middle East. During the rule of the first four
Caliphs, Muslims took over Syria, Palestine, Iraq
and Iran.
• It also spread throughout areas in Europe, Africa
and Asia.
8. • The Caliphate System lasted for centuries until
eventually transforming to what was known as
the Ottoman Empire.
• The Ottoman Empire controlled large regions in
The Middle East from 1517 to 1917 until its reign
was ended by World War 1.
9. SUNNIS AND SHIITES
• After the death of Mohammed, there were
debates as to who should take over his place as
leader.
• The SUNNIS making up 90 percent of Muslims
worldwide, believed that Mohammed’s true
successors were the first four caliphs.
• The SHIITES on the other hand, conceive that
only the caliph Ali and his descendants were
Mohammed’s real successors.
10. DENOMINATIONS OF ISLAM
• WAHHABI – Controlled by the Sunnis, its
members are made up from the Tameem tribe in
Saudi Arabia which was founded in the 18th Century.
• ALAWITE - The Shiite form of Islam. Its followers
has similar beliefs about caliph Ali and also
celebrates Christian and Zoroastrian holidays.
• NATION OF ISLAM – Composed of mostly
African-Americans founded by sunnis in the 1930s.
• KHARIJITES – Followers are known for their
radical fundamentalism and are called Ibadis in
modern day.
11. THE MOSQUE
• Known as “Masjid” in Arabic. Masjid simply
means “Place of Prostration.
• Mosques are used throughout the week for
prayer, study or simply as a place for rest and
reflection.
• The main Mosque of the city is called “Jami
Masjid” which literally means Friday Mosque.
• The first mosque was Prophet Mohammed’s
home.
12. COMMON FEATURES OF THE MOSQUE
• Sahn (Courtyard) – Within this courtyard, one may find
fountains whose waters are both a welcome respite in hot lands and
for ritual cleansing done before prayer.
• Mihrab (Niche) – An essential element of a Mosque’s
Architecture. It is a wall that indicates the direction of Mecca as a
tribute to the birthplace of the Islam Prophet Mohammed. Its
direction is called the qibla.
• Minaret (Tower) – The tower adjacent or attached to a mosque
from which the call to prayer is announced.
• Qubba (Dome) – is an interior decoration that has breathtaking
patterns that is also a symbolic representation of the vault of
heaven.
13. QURAN/KORAN
• It is the most important holy book of the muslims.
• It contains basic information that is also found in
the Hebrew Bible and had similar revelations that
were given to Mohammed.
• It contains 114 chapters also known as surahs.
• The book was written from Mohammed’s scribes
since Mohammed was never taught how to read or
write.
• It was compiled right after Mohammed’s death
under the rule of caliph Abu Bakr.
• Muslims also believe that when the Quran appears
to be blank, Allah is coming.
14. CORE VALUES
• The religious obligations of all Muslims are
summed up in the five pillars of Islam, which
include belief in Gog and His prophet and
obligations of prayer, charity, pilgrimage and
fasting.
15. FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM
• SHAHADA – to declare the follower’s faith in
Allah and to follow Muhammed.
• SALAT – to pray five times a day during dawn,
noon, afternoon, sunset, and evening.
• ZAKAT – to tend to those who seek help.
• SAWM – to fast during ramadan.
• HAJJ – to make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least
once a lifetime.
16. MUSLIM PRAYER
• Men and women pray separately and muslims
visit the mosque five times a day to pray in
accordance of Salat.
• It is often conducted in Mosques which has a
large open space or an outdoor courtyard.
• A Mihrab is a decorative feature in the mosque
that indicates the direction to Mecca and is
therefore faced upon praying.
17. MUSLIM HOLIDAYS
• Eid al-Adha – celebrates the Prophet
Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice his own son’s
life for Allah.
- It is also known as the “Feast of Sacrifice.”
• Eid al-Fitr – It marks the end of Ramadan
which is the holy month of fasting.
- It is also known as “Festival of Breaking the
Fast.”
18. ISLAM IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Muslims arrived in The Philippines in the late
14th Century with arab and malay merchants
following southeast asian trade networks,
propogating sunni islam with a variety of sunni
traditions.
• It was a most dominant religion in the
Philippines long before the expedition of
Ferdinand Magellan who introduced
Christianity which later overtook Islam in terms
of dominance.
19. SHARIA LAW
• Unlike most people, The muslims has their own
legal system which is also known as the sharia
law.
• It is a faith-based code of conduct which directs
Muslims on how they should live in nearly every
aspect of their lives.
• It requires men and women to dress modestly.
• It is also known for its harsh punishments once
crimes are committed.
20. SOURCES
• Islam-Five Pillars, Nation of Islam & Definition – HISTORY ( 2022, August 24)
https://www.history.com/.amp/topics/religion/islam
• Islam│Religions & Ethics NewsWeekly – PBS LearningMedia (2022, August 24)
https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/collection/islam/
• Introduction to islam (article) Khan Academy (2022, August 24)
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/introduction-cultures-
religions-apah/islam-apah/a/introduction-to-islam-2
21. ACTIVITY
I. Identification
1. _____ Is the second largest religion next to
Christianity.
2. Islamic religion has how many pillars?
3. It is also known as the feast of sacrifice.
4. He is the Prophet responsible for the Creation
of the Religion Islam.
5. This is the Muslim’s Holy book.
22. II. True or False
1. The Prophet mentioned in the previous slides has
different name pronunciations.
2. Islam arrived in the Philippines during the 15th
Century
3. The proper term for the Muslim’s holy space is
Mossque
4. It is mentioned that in Article 3 Section 5 of the
1987 Constitution that everyone is not prohibited
to practice their religion without discrimination.
5. Islam has 5 denominations.
