Smart textiles can sense and react to environmental stimuli. They include materials that change color, shape, or texture in response to temperature, pressure, or other inputs. Some examples are self-cleaning carpets, memory-shaped fabrics, temperature-regulating materials, and fabrics that change color. Smart textiles can be categorized as passive (only sense stimuli), active (sense and respond), and very smart (sense, respond, and adapt). They have applications in healthcare, sports, fashion, the military, and more. Emerging technologies include biometric sensing, thermoregulation, wireless connectivity, and nano-materials. The future of smart textiles is highly interactive fabrics that can detect vital signs, communicate wirelessly
Smart textiles are materials and structures that can sense and react to environmental stimuli. They include self-cleaning carpets, memory fabrics, and fabrics that regulate temperature. Smart textiles can be divided into passive materials that only sense stimuli, active materials that can both sense and respond, and very smart materials that can sense, respond, and adapt. They use materials like conductive fibers, shape memory alloys, and microencapsulated phase change materials. Applications include sportswear that regulates temperature, medical clothing that monitors vital signs, military uniforms that detect hazards, and fashionable apparel that changes color or plays music. The future of smart textiles may include clothing that emits scents, becomes rigid to immobilize injuries,
Smart textiles are materials and structures that can sense and react to environmental stimuli. There are four main types: passive smart materials that only sense stimuli, active smart materials that can both sense and respond, very smart materials that can sense, respond, and adapt, and materials with artificial intelligence. Smart textiles find applications in sports, healthcare, military, fashion and more. New developments include light-emitting, scent-emitting, shape-shifting, and health-monitoring textiles. Smart textiles have the potential to revolutionize clothing and other fabrics.
Smart textiles are materials that can sense and react to various stimuli in their environment. They integrate concepts from various fields including textiles, chemistry, materials science, electronics, and more. Smart textiles are categorized as passive, active, or ultra smart depending on their ability to simply sense or also adapt and react to environmental changes. Key application areas of smart textiles include wearables, outdoor apparel, automotive interiors, and fashion where they can provide functions like temperature regulation, UV protection, antimicrobial properties, and interactive or changing aesthetics.
http://www.ualberta.ca/~jag3/smart_textiles/index.htm
Jose A. Gonzalez
Protective Clothing Research Group
Department of Human Ecology
University of Alberta
Advances in technology have enabled textiles to be engineered for specialized applications and high performance. Smart textiles can now sense and react to stimuli in the environment. Future developments may integrate textiles with nano- and terascale technologies to create highly complex, cognitive, and integrated systems. These could endow textiles with new sensing, signaling, computing and tissue engineering capabilities.
This document provides an overview of smart textiles. It defines smart textiles as textiles that can sense and react to environmental conditions or stimuli. It discusses the scope of smart textiles, including the integration of various disciplines required. It outlines different generations of textile wearable technologies and describes textronics. It also covers various topics related to smart textiles like classifications, materials, incorporation into textiles, components, working process, applications, and the relationship to technical textiles.
Smart/interactive textiles (SIT) are materials and structures that sense and react to environmental conditions or stimuli, such as those from mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, magnetic or other sources.
This document provides an overview of smart textiles, including:
1. Smart textiles are textiles that can interact with their environment through electrical, thermal, chemical, or magnetic stimuli and may incorporate electronics and sensors.
2. They are classified into passive, active, and ultra-smart textiles depending on their ability to sense and react to the environment.
3. Smart textiles have applications in healthcare for monitoring vital signs, in military and emergency services equipment for protection, and in entertainment through responsive colors and lights.
Smart textiles are materials and structures that can sense and react to environmental stimuli. They include self-cleaning carpets, memory fabrics, and fabrics that regulate temperature. Smart textiles can be divided into passive materials that only sense stimuli, active materials that can both sense and respond, and very smart materials that can sense, respond, and adapt. They use materials like conductive fibers, shape memory alloys, and microencapsulated phase change materials. Applications include sportswear that regulates temperature, medical clothing that monitors vital signs, military uniforms that detect hazards, and fashionable apparel that changes color or plays music. The future of smart textiles may include clothing that emits scents, becomes rigid to immobilize injuries,
Smart textiles are materials and structures that can sense and react to environmental stimuli. There are four main types: passive smart materials that only sense stimuli, active smart materials that can both sense and respond, very smart materials that can sense, respond, and adapt, and materials with artificial intelligence. Smart textiles find applications in sports, healthcare, military, fashion and more. New developments include light-emitting, scent-emitting, shape-shifting, and health-monitoring textiles. Smart textiles have the potential to revolutionize clothing and other fabrics.
Smart textiles are materials that can sense and react to various stimuli in their environment. They integrate concepts from various fields including textiles, chemistry, materials science, electronics, and more. Smart textiles are categorized as passive, active, or ultra smart depending on their ability to simply sense or also adapt and react to environmental changes. Key application areas of smart textiles include wearables, outdoor apparel, automotive interiors, and fashion where they can provide functions like temperature regulation, UV protection, antimicrobial properties, and interactive or changing aesthetics.
http://www.ualberta.ca/~jag3/smart_textiles/index.htm
Jose A. Gonzalez
Protective Clothing Research Group
Department of Human Ecology
University of Alberta
Advances in technology have enabled textiles to be engineered for specialized applications and high performance. Smart textiles can now sense and react to stimuli in the environment. Future developments may integrate textiles with nano- and terascale technologies to create highly complex, cognitive, and integrated systems. These could endow textiles with new sensing, signaling, computing and tissue engineering capabilities.
This document provides an overview of smart textiles. It defines smart textiles as textiles that can sense and react to environmental conditions or stimuli. It discusses the scope of smart textiles, including the integration of various disciplines required. It outlines different generations of textile wearable technologies and describes textronics. It also covers various topics related to smart textiles like classifications, materials, incorporation into textiles, components, working process, applications, and the relationship to technical textiles.
Smart/interactive textiles (SIT) are materials and structures that sense and react to environmental conditions or stimuli, such as those from mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, magnetic or other sources.
This document provides an overview of smart textiles, including:
1. Smart textiles are textiles that can interact with their environment through electrical, thermal, chemical, or magnetic stimuli and may incorporate electronics and sensors.
2. They are classified into passive, active, and ultra-smart textiles depending on their ability to sense and react to the environment.
3. Smart textiles have applications in healthcare for monitoring vital signs, in military and emergency services equipment for protection, and in entertainment through responsive colors and lights.
This document provides information about smart textiles. It defines smart textiles as textiles that can interact with their surroundings and react or adapt to environmental stimuli. The document then classifies smart textiles into three categories: passive smart textiles that can only sense the environment, active smart textiles that have both sensors and actuators to respond to detected signals, and ultra smart textiles that can sense, react, and adapt to the environment. Various applications of smart textiles are discussed, including uses in healthcare, sports, military, entertainment, and fashion. The importance of smart textiles for the future textile industry is also highlighted.
Smart Textile
Smart textiles are defined as textiles that can sense and react via an active control mechanism to environmental conditions or stimuli, such as mechanical, thermal, magnetic, chemical, electrical, or other sources. They are able to sense and respond to external conditions (stimuli) in a predetermined way.
This document discusses smart fabrics and textiles that can sense and respond to environmental stimuli. It provides examples of smart fabrics like Gore-Tex that are waterproof and breathable, as well as microencapsulated fabrics that can release substances like antibacterial agents in response to heat, pressure or other triggers. The document also discusses using smart textiles for medical purposes like wound dressings and how they may help regulate body temperature and odor. It describes early experiments creating touch interfaces and circuits using conductive metallic yarns woven into fabrics.
This document discusses responsive textiles and their applications in architecture. It defines responsive textiles as fabrics that can sense and react to environmental stimuli through integrated sensors and actuators. The document then provides a brief history of responsive textiles from their early military and entertainment uses to modern smart clothing. It describes different types of responsive textiles based on their sensing and actuating capabilities. Finally, it discusses potential materials and applications of responsive textiles in architectural structures, including using chromic, conductive, electricity generating, phase change and shape memory materials to create responsive facades and skins.
Smart fabrics are fabrics that have been developed with technologies that provide added functionality. They can sense environmental conditions and stimuli, and some can even react or respond to stimuli through properties like heat, moisture, stretch, and electricity. Examples include fabrics that can light up, change color, or regulate body temperature. Smart fabrics have applications in healthcare for monitoring vital signs, in athletics to improve performance, and in military gear. They are created through processes like weaving, knitting, and embroidery that incorporate conductive materials and microelectronics into fabrics.
Smart textiles are textiles that can sense and react to various stimuli. They include materials that passively sense environmental conditions, actively sense and react, and intelligently adapt. Examples include clothing that warns of hazardous chemicals or reminds the wearer of forgotten items. New fibers mimic properties found in nature, like spider silk's strength. Smart textiles can regulate temperature, manage moisture, and incorporate electronics. Applications include wearable keyboards and jackets that interface with phones. Phase change materials absorb and release heat to maintain comfort. Nanotechnology and new finishes provide enhanced performance properties while retaining a natural feel.
This document presents information about smart textiles from a presentation by Shivani. It discusses that smart textiles are electronic textiles that can respond to their environment. There are different categories of smart textiles including aesthetic fabrics that change color or light up, and performance-enhancing fabrics that regulate body temperature or provide protection. The document also outlines the different types of smart fabrics from passive to active to ultra smart, and how they sense and react to their environment using sensors, data processing, and actuators. Some applications of smart textiles discussed are in healthcare for monitoring, defense for protection, and entertainment through interactive clothing.
This document discusses smart textiles, which integrate microelectronics into textiles to endow them with new properties and active behaviors. Smart textiles can sense and react to stimuli in their environment. They are categorized as passive, active, or ultra smart depending on their sensing and response capabilities. The key functions of smart textiles are sensing, data processing, actuation, storage, and communication. Examples of smart textile applications discussed include thermoregulating materials, chromic materials, luminescent materials, conductive materials, voltaic materials, and electronic textiles. Areas of further research include sensors, actuators, signal transmission and control systems, and integrated textile processes.
Smart textile refers to intelligent textiles that can sense and react to environmental conditions or stimuli. There are three components: sensors that detect signals, actuators that act upon signals, and controlling units that produce outputs. Smart textiles are classified based on functionality into passive (sensing only), active (sensing and reacting), and very/ultra smart (sensing, reacting, and adapting). They have a variety of end uses including comfort, heat protection, medical, military, computing, fashion, aviation, and space research. Components can be incorporated at the fiber, yarn/fabric, or finishing level. The future of smart textiles includes tera/nano scales, complexity, cognition, and replacing traditional
Smart textiles are textiles that can sense and react to environmental stimuli through an active control mechanism. They integrate microelectronics into textiles to provide new active functions beyond traditional passive textiles. Smart textiles range from passive ones that only sense the environment to active ones that can sense, react, and adapt to the environment. They perform various functions including sensing environmental changes, processing data, actuating movements or substance releases in response to sensors, storing energy, and communicating information via wireless connections or conductive materials. Examples of smart textile technologies include thermoregulating materials like phase change materials, chromic and luminescent materials, conductive materials, voltaic materials, and electronic textiles.
This document discusses intelligent textiles that use phase change materials and shape memory materials. It begins with an introduction submitted by a textile engineering student. It then discusses intelligent textile systems using sensors, processors and actuators. It provides examples of intelligent textiles like phase change materials, shape memory materials, and conductive materials. It discusses applications of these intelligent textiles in apparel, home textiles, medical textiles, and more. It also provides details on phase change materials, how they work, and how they can be incorporated into textiles.
Smart textiles new possibilities in textile engineeringNasif Chowdhury
This document discusses smart textiles and provides several examples. It begins by defining smart textiles as textiles that can sense environmental stimuli and react to them by integrating functionalities into the textile structure. The stimulus and response can be electrical, thermal, chemical, magnetic, or other. Examples are given of smart textiles for clothing that can change color or provide light and regulate temperature. The document then discusses the different types of smart textiles and their various functions like sensing, data processing, actuation, storage, and communication. Several applications and examples of smart textiles are provided like the Gore-Tex jacket and Georgia Tech's wearable motherboard shirt. Adidas' and Nike's smart running shoes are also summarized.
Smart textiles are fabrics that have been designed and manufactured to include technologies that provide increased functionality to the wearer. They can sense and respond to changes in their environment. Smart textiles are usually divided into three generations - passive smart textiles that only sense the environment, active smart textiles that can both sense and react, and ultra smart textiles that can sense, react, and adapt. Some potential applications of smart textiles include monitoring health, military uses, and personalized clothing for sports or fashion.
Smart textiles are textiles that can sense and react to environmental stimuli through integrated electronics or other technologies. They have a wide range of applications, including in medicine to monitor vital signs, in fashion as displays on clothing, and as soft interfaces. Smart textiles work by using conductive materials integrated into fabrics that can detect changes and respond accordingly, often transmitting related data. Common triggers sensed include touch, temperature, pressure, and other bodily functions.
This presentation introduces smart textiles, which integrate microelectronics into textiles to endow them with new active properties. Smart textiles can be classified as passive, active, or ultra smart depending on their sensing and reactive capabilities. Key functions of smart textiles include sensing environmental stimuli, processing sensor data, actuating responses, storing energy, and enabling communication. Examples of smart materials discussed are thermo-regulating, chromic, luminescent, conductive, and electronic textiles. The presentation provides examples of how these materials are incorporated into and change the properties of textiles.
This document provides an overview of smart and intelligent textiles. It defines smart textiles as textiles that can sense environmental stimuli and react or adapt in response through the integration of functionalities into the textile structure. Smart textiles are classified into three categories - passive, active, and ultra smart - based on their functional activity of sensing, reacting, and adapting. Examples of applications for smart textiles include military, healthcare, space exploration, and fashion. The document also discusses phase change materials and how they can be incorporated into textiles to provide thermoregulation properties for applications such as sportswear, bedding, and medical uses.
Smart fabrics are textiles that can sense and react to environmental stimuli. They are classified as passive fabrics that only sense stimuli, active fabrics that contain sensors and actuators controlled by a central unit, and ultra fabrics that can sense, react, and adapt. Various smart materials are used including thermoregulating, shape memory, chromic, luminescent, conductive materials and membranes. These materials allow fabrics to regulate temperature, change shape or color in response to stimuli, conduct electricity, and become breathable or water resistant. Smart fabrics have applications in military garments for sensing wounds and in medical garments for monitoring health.
Nano technology in textiles. seminar. pptxBademaw Abate
The application of nanotechnology in textiles is growing so fast. The main difference b/n nano finishing and conventional finishing is durability, comfort and breath-ability enhancement in nano finishes.
This document discusses technical textiles and their applications. It begins by defining technical textiles as textile materials manufactured for their functional properties rather than aesthetics. It then estimates technical textiles comprise 11.5-12% of Indian textile production. The document categorizes technical textiles into 12 categories including agrotech, buildtech, clothtech, etc. and provides examples for each category. It discusses properties of high-performance fibers and specialty fibers used in technical textiles. The document also covers topics like nanofibers, auxetic materials, conductive fibers, and smart or responsive fibers.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
This document provides information about smart textiles. It defines smart textiles as textiles that can interact with their surroundings and react or adapt to environmental stimuli. The document then classifies smart textiles into three categories: passive smart textiles that can only sense the environment, active smart textiles that have both sensors and actuators to respond to detected signals, and ultra smart textiles that can sense, react, and adapt to the environment. Various applications of smart textiles are discussed, including uses in healthcare, sports, military, entertainment, and fashion. The importance of smart textiles for the future textile industry is also highlighted.
Smart Textile
Smart textiles are defined as textiles that can sense and react via an active control mechanism to environmental conditions or stimuli, such as mechanical, thermal, magnetic, chemical, electrical, or other sources. They are able to sense and respond to external conditions (stimuli) in a predetermined way.
This document discusses smart fabrics and textiles that can sense and respond to environmental stimuli. It provides examples of smart fabrics like Gore-Tex that are waterproof and breathable, as well as microencapsulated fabrics that can release substances like antibacterial agents in response to heat, pressure or other triggers. The document also discusses using smart textiles for medical purposes like wound dressings and how they may help regulate body temperature and odor. It describes early experiments creating touch interfaces and circuits using conductive metallic yarns woven into fabrics.
This document discusses responsive textiles and their applications in architecture. It defines responsive textiles as fabrics that can sense and react to environmental stimuli through integrated sensors and actuators. The document then provides a brief history of responsive textiles from their early military and entertainment uses to modern smart clothing. It describes different types of responsive textiles based on their sensing and actuating capabilities. Finally, it discusses potential materials and applications of responsive textiles in architectural structures, including using chromic, conductive, electricity generating, phase change and shape memory materials to create responsive facades and skins.
Smart fabrics are fabrics that have been developed with technologies that provide added functionality. They can sense environmental conditions and stimuli, and some can even react or respond to stimuli through properties like heat, moisture, stretch, and electricity. Examples include fabrics that can light up, change color, or regulate body temperature. Smart fabrics have applications in healthcare for monitoring vital signs, in athletics to improve performance, and in military gear. They are created through processes like weaving, knitting, and embroidery that incorporate conductive materials and microelectronics into fabrics.
Smart textiles are textiles that can sense and react to various stimuli. They include materials that passively sense environmental conditions, actively sense and react, and intelligently adapt. Examples include clothing that warns of hazardous chemicals or reminds the wearer of forgotten items. New fibers mimic properties found in nature, like spider silk's strength. Smart textiles can regulate temperature, manage moisture, and incorporate electronics. Applications include wearable keyboards and jackets that interface with phones. Phase change materials absorb and release heat to maintain comfort. Nanotechnology and new finishes provide enhanced performance properties while retaining a natural feel.
This document presents information about smart textiles from a presentation by Shivani. It discusses that smart textiles are electronic textiles that can respond to their environment. There are different categories of smart textiles including aesthetic fabrics that change color or light up, and performance-enhancing fabrics that regulate body temperature or provide protection. The document also outlines the different types of smart fabrics from passive to active to ultra smart, and how they sense and react to their environment using sensors, data processing, and actuators. Some applications of smart textiles discussed are in healthcare for monitoring, defense for protection, and entertainment through interactive clothing.
This document discusses smart textiles, which integrate microelectronics into textiles to endow them with new properties and active behaviors. Smart textiles can sense and react to stimuli in their environment. They are categorized as passive, active, or ultra smart depending on their sensing and response capabilities. The key functions of smart textiles are sensing, data processing, actuation, storage, and communication. Examples of smart textile applications discussed include thermoregulating materials, chromic materials, luminescent materials, conductive materials, voltaic materials, and electronic textiles. Areas of further research include sensors, actuators, signal transmission and control systems, and integrated textile processes.
Smart textile refers to intelligent textiles that can sense and react to environmental conditions or stimuli. There are three components: sensors that detect signals, actuators that act upon signals, and controlling units that produce outputs. Smart textiles are classified based on functionality into passive (sensing only), active (sensing and reacting), and very/ultra smart (sensing, reacting, and adapting). They have a variety of end uses including comfort, heat protection, medical, military, computing, fashion, aviation, and space research. Components can be incorporated at the fiber, yarn/fabric, or finishing level. The future of smart textiles includes tera/nano scales, complexity, cognition, and replacing traditional
Smart textiles are textiles that can sense and react to environmental stimuli through an active control mechanism. They integrate microelectronics into textiles to provide new active functions beyond traditional passive textiles. Smart textiles range from passive ones that only sense the environment to active ones that can sense, react, and adapt to the environment. They perform various functions including sensing environmental changes, processing data, actuating movements or substance releases in response to sensors, storing energy, and communicating information via wireless connections or conductive materials. Examples of smart textile technologies include thermoregulating materials like phase change materials, chromic and luminescent materials, conductive materials, voltaic materials, and electronic textiles.
This document discusses intelligent textiles that use phase change materials and shape memory materials. It begins with an introduction submitted by a textile engineering student. It then discusses intelligent textile systems using sensors, processors and actuators. It provides examples of intelligent textiles like phase change materials, shape memory materials, and conductive materials. It discusses applications of these intelligent textiles in apparel, home textiles, medical textiles, and more. It also provides details on phase change materials, how they work, and how they can be incorporated into textiles.
Smart textiles new possibilities in textile engineeringNasif Chowdhury
This document discusses smart textiles and provides several examples. It begins by defining smart textiles as textiles that can sense environmental stimuli and react to them by integrating functionalities into the textile structure. The stimulus and response can be electrical, thermal, chemical, magnetic, or other. Examples are given of smart textiles for clothing that can change color or provide light and regulate temperature. The document then discusses the different types of smart textiles and their various functions like sensing, data processing, actuation, storage, and communication. Several applications and examples of smart textiles are provided like the Gore-Tex jacket and Georgia Tech's wearable motherboard shirt. Adidas' and Nike's smart running shoes are also summarized.
Smart textiles are fabrics that have been designed and manufactured to include technologies that provide increased functionality to the wearer. They can sense and respond to changes in their environment. Smart textiles are usually divided into three generations - passive smart textiles that only sense the environment, active smart textiles that can both sense and react, and ultra smart textiles that can sense, react, and adapt. Some potential applications of smart textiles include monitoring health, military uses, and personalized clothing for sports or fashion.
Smart textiles are textiles that can sense and react to environmental stimuli through integrated electronics or other technologies. They have a wide range of applications, including in medicine to monitor vital signs, in fashion as displays on clothing, and as soft interfaces. Smart textiles work by using conductive materials integrated into fabrics that can detect changes and respond accordingly, often transmitting related data. Common triggers sensed include touch, temperature, pressure, and other bodily functions.
This presentation introduces smart textiles, which integrate microelectronics into textiles to endow them with new active properties. Smart textiles can be classified as passive, active, or ultra smart depending on their sensing and reactive capabilities. Key functions of smart textiles include sensing environmental stimuli, processing sensor data, actuating responses, storing energy, and enabling communication. Examples of smart materials discussed are thermo-regulating, chromic, luminescent, conductive, and electronic textiles. The presentation provides examples of how these materials are incorporated into and change the properties of textiles.
This document provides an overview of smart and intelligent textiles. It defines smart textiles as textiles that can sense environmental stimuli and react or adapt in response through the integration of functionalities into the textile structure. Smart textiles are classified into three categories - passive, active, and ultra smart - based on their functional activity of sensing, reacting, and adapting. Examples of applications for smart textiles include military, healthcare, space exploration, and fashion. The document also discusses phase change materials and how they can be incorporated into textiles to provide thermoregulation properties for applications such as sportswear, bedding, and medical uses.
Smart fabrics are textiles that can sense and react to environmental stimuli. They are classified as passive fabrics that only sense stimuli, active fabrics that contain sensors and actuators controlled by a central unit, and ultra fabrics that can sense, react, and adapt. Various smart materials are used including thermoregulating, shape memory, chromic, luminescent, conductive materials and membranes. These materials allow fabrics to regulate temperature, change shape or color in response to stimuli, conduct electricity, and become breathable or water resistant. Smart fabrics have applications in military garments for sensing wounds and in medical garments for monitoring health.
Nano technology in textiles. seminar. pptxBademaw Abate
The application of nanotechnology in textiles is growing so fast. The main difference b/n nano finishing and conventional finishing is durability, comfort and breath-ability enhancement in nano finishes.
This document discusses technical textiles and their applications. It begins by defining technical textiles as textile materials manufactured for their functional properties rather than aesthetics. It then estimates technical textiles comprise 11.5-12% of Indian textile production. The document categorizes technical textiles into 12 categories including agrotech, buildtech, clothtech, etc. and provides examples for each category. It discusses properties of high-performance fibers and specialty fibers used in technical textiles. The document also covers topics like nanofibers, auxetic materials, conductive fibers, and smart or responsive fibers.
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2. Smart/interactive textiles (SIT) are materials and
structures that sense and react to environmental
conditions or stimuli, such as those from
mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, magnetic
or other sources.
SIT are no longer a science-fiction fantasy. For
example, there are in the market self-cleaning
carpets, memory-shaped and environment-
responsive textiles, and anti-insomniac micro-fibers.
1. Introduction
Smart materials appear to “think” and some have
“memory” as they revert back to their original state
4. 2. Types of smart textiles
Smart textiles can be divided in to four types based on their functions.
1. Passive smart materials are materials or systems which only sense the
environmental conditions or stimuli.
• They are just sensors. They show up what happened on them, Such as changing
color, shape, thermal and electrical resistivity.
• e.g. a shirt with in-built thermistors to log body temperature over time.
5. 2. Active smart materials: that can both sense and respond to the external
conditions or stimuli.
• If actuators are integrated in the passive smart textile, it becomes an active
smart textile as it may respond to a particular stimulus,
• e.g. the temperature aware shirt may automatically rolls up the sleeves when
body temperature becomes elevated.
6. 3. Very smart materials: are materials and systems which can execute triple
functions; First, they are sensors which can receive stimuli from the
environment; Secondly they are able to give reaction based on the stimuli;
Thirdly they can adapt and reshape themselves accordingly to the
environmental condition.
4. Materials with even higher level of intelligence develop artificial intelligence
to the computers.
• These kinds of materials and systems are not fully achieved in the current
investigation of human beings.
• This may be achieved from the coordination of those Very smart (intelligent)
materials and structures with advanced computer interface.
7. 3. Materials for smart textiles
• Metal fibers
• Conductive inks
• Quantum tunneling
composites-change from
insulator to conductor
• Inherently conductive
polymers
• Optical fibers
• Nano particles
• Organic semi-conductors
• Shape memory fabrics
smart materials have appropriate responses
– photochromic glass
• darkens in bright light
– low melting point wax in a fire
sprinkler
• blocks the nozzle until it gets hot
– acoustic emission
• sounds emitted under high stress
– embedded optical fibres
• broken ends reflect light back
– microporous breathable fabrics
8. 4. Relation and difference with technical
textiles
• Before the existence of smart and interactive textiles, technical and
functional textiles served the human race in all aspects of application areas.
• Tents, ropes, ship guiding fabrics, military garments, curtains, bandages and
others were used in the past many centuries. Still these and other technical
and casual clothing‘s are on use many folds times.
• It is undeniable before the development of smart textile; the functional
textiles were the advanced textiles.
• However whatever they perform they are not active. They are passive. They
are not designed to regulate themselves. No smart material is applied to
them.
• They can be protective cloth but cannot be as the smart protective clothing.
9. • All smart materials involve an energy transfer from the stimuli to response given out
by the material. They are integrated and complex materials.
• They have the ability do some sort of processing, analyzing and responding. Even they
can adapt to the environment. They can be described as textile materials that think
for themselves.
• They got full ability to change themselves depending on — temperature, pressure,
density, or internal energy—will change. The amount of energy transferred to make
this change is determined by the properties of the material. This relationship
between the amount of energy required and the degree of the specific change
governs the behavior of all materials, including smart ones.
• In technical, high performance and conventional textiles materials, the properties
scale the relationship between state change and energy transfer is not a complicated.
It is straight forward.
• If they get energy or any stimuli from the outer environment they do not do any
change on it .They just resist it. Or absorb it.
11. 5. Some applications of smart textiles
Sports and Human Performance
• The sports sector, through seeking to improve athletic performance, personal
comfort and protection from the elements
• e.g. breathable waterproof fabrics such as Goretex® and moisture
management textiles like Coolmax®.
• It is even possible to maintain constant body temperature using phase-
change technology
12. Personalized Healthcare
• The concept of personalized healthcare empowers the individual with the
management and assessment of their own healthcare needs.
• Wearable devices allow physiological signals to be continuously monitored
during normal daily activities. This can overcome the problem of infrequent
clinical visits that can only provide a brief window into the physiological status of
the patient.
• Smart clothing serves an important role in remote monitoring of chronically ill
patients or those undergoing rehabilitation.
• It also promotes the concept of preventative healthcare.
13. Military/security
• In extreme environmental conditions and hazardous situations there is a need
for real time information technology to increase the protection and
survivability of the people working in those conditions
• The requirements for such situations are to monitor vital signs and ease
injuries while also monitoring environment hazards such as toxic gases.
• Wireless communication to a central unit allows medics to conduct remote
triage of casualties to help them respond more rapidly and safely.
14. Fashion/lifestyle
• The development of high-tech advanced textiles for initial high-value
applications such as extreme sports will eventually find its way into street
fashion
15. Biomimetics
Speedo – ‘Fastskin’ – developed through the observation of
the shark and how it swims fast through water. Garment &
fabric technologists worked with Marine biologists to stimulate
a sharkskin fabric and suit structure, together with computer
scientists, using the latest body scanning technology to create
a second skin.
Speedo’s Fastskin® swimsuit was developed
using V-shaped fibers which mimic the ridges
found on the skin of a shark
6. New smart textiles
16. Biomimetics: Lotus effect
• most efficient self-cleaning plant
= great sacred lotus
(Nelumbo nucifera)
• mimicked in paints and
other surface coatings
• pipe cleaning in oil refineries (Norway)
Images from
http://library.thinkquest.org/27468/e/lotus.htm
http://www.villalachouette.de/william/lotusv2.gif
http://www.nees.uni-bonn.de/lotus/en/vergleich.html
17. Functional
Functional Textiles are designed specifically for an end
purpose with added attributes. Fabrics are now available
to;
Help protect exposure to UV radiation for swimmers
Anti allergy, absorbent & antibacterial products used in
medical applications, Fabrics incorporating moisture
management systems – used for speedy evaporation of
sweat, Reflective textiles for safety garment ,Insulation &
buoyancy fabrics for activities in water.
18. Future
Seamlessly manage your music and mobile phone from a control
panel, with backlit digital display, located externally on your sleeve.
One-touch phone control including voice dial, receive and end a call
and mute function via Bluetooth wireless connection between your
jacket and phone
One-touch iPod control, including playlist, artist, album and track
navigation, volume up/down and play/pause/stop via an intuitive click
wheel style button
Removable control panel, speakers, mic and rechargeable battery
Compatible with any brand of Bluetooth 1.1 or 1.2-enabled mobile
phone that supports “headset” or “hands-free” Bluetooth profiles
Compatible with any Generation 3 or newer iPod with Docking
Connector (Excluding iPod Shuffle) Burton and Motorola have launched
the Burton Audex line of winter jackets with a hidden network of wired
and Bluetooth connections that let you take mobile calls while listening
to an iPod on the slopes. A sleeve LCD panel features caller ID and
19.
20. Light emitting
Luminex is a new fabric (non reflective) that can emit its own
light.
The Luminex fibres are optical and emit light in darkened
situations.
21. Life Saving
DuPont is part of an effort by the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT) to develop materials to equip the U.S. soldier of
the future with uniforms and gear that help heal, shield and protect
them against chemical and biological warfare Engineers and
scientists will work to develop ideas such as a uniform that is
nearly invisible and soft clothing that can become a rigid cast
when a soldier breaks his or her leg.
22. Change colour & shape
Fibres That Can Change Colour and Shape on
Command
Smart fibres can function as conductive "wires"
and react to signals from electricity, heat or
pressure.
Researchers are experimenting with different fibre
profiles -- oval, square, or triangular -- that can be
made to contract or expand to loosen and tighten
clothing to make the wearer warmer or cooler.
For example, conductive fibres could change
colour on command from an electric signal that
changes the reflective quality of specially dyed
fibre/cloth. Thereby enhance fashion as well as
23. Emitting scents
The dress mimics the body's
circulation system, the senses and
scent glands. The veins and arteries
flow freely as the new interactive fabric
emitting a selection of scents
depending on your mood.
The Smart Second Skin Dress – emitting scents depending
on your mood and requirements. A sleep suit has been
developed to emit lavender for insomniacs when they wake to
calm the wearer and send them back to sleep.
24. Waterproof clothing
(material or structure )
• Goretex®
• micro-porous expanded PTFE
discovered in 1969 by Bob Gore
• ~ 14 x 1012 micropores per m².
• each pore is about 700x larger than
a water vapour molecule
• water drop is 20,000x larger than a pore
25. Phase changing Materials for thermoregulation:
• PCM possesses the ability to change their state with a certain temperature
range.
• it is developed under NASA
• Textiles containing phase change materials react immediately with changes in
environmental temperatures, and the temperatures in different areas of the
body.
• When a rise in temperature occurs, the PCM microcapsules react by absorbing
heat and storing this energy in the liquefied phase change materials.
• When the temperature falls again, the microcapsules release this stored heat
energy and the phase change materials solidify again
27. Shape Memory Materials
• There are two types of Shape memory materials . The first classes are
materials stable at two or more temperature states. In these different
temperature states, they have the potential to assume different shapes,
when their transformation temperatures have been reached. This technology
has been pioneered by the UK Defence Clothing and Textiles Agency.
• The other types of shape memory materials are the electroactive polymers
which can change shape in response to electrical stimuli. In the last decade
there have been significant developments in electroactive polymers (EAPs) to
produce substantial change in size or shape and force generation for
actuation mechanisms in a wide range of applications.
28. Cont. …
• Shape memory materials are alloys, such as nickel-titanium for increased
protection against source of heat. It is in the shape of spring and integrated in
the layers of garment
• Electroactive polymers are polynorborene-based
29. Chromic Materials
• Are those which change their colour reversibly according to external
environmental conditions, for this reason they are also called chameleon fibres
• Chromic materials are the general term referring to materials which radiate the
colour, erase the colour or just change it because its induction caused by the
external stimulus,
• Photochromic: external stimulus is light.
• Thermochromic: external stimulus is heat.
• Electrochromic: external stimulus is electricity.
• Piezorochromic: external stimulus is pressure.
• Solvatechromic: external stimulus is liquid or gas.
30. Pressure response Fabric
D3o is a new innovation
It is a soft malleable material
most of the time, but when it
comes into contact with force, it
hardens on impact
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=tKQxDoXqc_I
Memory Foam is temperature &
pressure sensitive foam that moulds
to the shape of the body & returns to
normal when pressure is removed.
31. Thermochromic Colour
Thermochromic textiles change
colour with heat. They are
engineered to change colour at a
particular temperature.
There are serious
medical uses as well
as novelty ones, e.g.
liquid crystal fabric
strip thermometers, &
baby sleep-suits to
monitor temperature.
32. Photo chromic dyes
Photo chromic dyes
react to UV light &
change colour. They
can be useful for
monitoring the
amount of time
children spend in the
sun, to prevent
sun-burn.
33. Interactive or Electronic Textiles
An interactive fabric
incorporates
electronics that are
activated by a power
source. They are still
Smart fabrics, they
just require a power
source.
34. WEARABLE ELECTRONICS
• They can be used in wearable
textiles to dial telephones,
pager messages and control
music from MP3 players.
• Examples include a business
suit with a mobile phone
incorporated, a child’s anorak
with a tracking device,
sportswear to monitor heart
rate, aerobic outfits with
music players incorporated,
and club wear which changes
colour etc.
35. Detection of Vital Signals
Sensatex is developing a SmartShirt™
System specifically for the protection of
public safety personnel, namely firefighters,
police officers, and rescue teams. Used in
conjunction with a wireless-enabled radio
system, the SmartShirt™ can monitor the
health and safety of public safety
personnel/victims trapped in a building or
underneath rubble with the ability to detect
the exact location of victims through
positioning capability. In addition to
monitoring vital signs, the system can
detect the extent of falls, and the presence
of hazardous gases; it also offers two-way
voice communication
36. Warning Signaling
A combination of sensors and small flexible light emitting displays
(FLED) can receive and respond to stimuli from the body, enabling a
warning signal to be displayed or sent. The sensors can monitor EKG,
heart rate, respiration, temperature, and pulse oximetry readings. If
vital signals were below critical values, a FLED would automatically
display, for example, a flashing red light, and a wireless
communication system could send a distress signal to a remote
location.
37. Global Positioning System (GPS)
Textiles integrated with sensory
devices driven by a GPS can detect a
user’s exact location anytime and in
any weather. Interactive electronic
textiles with integrated GPS enhance
safety by quickly locating the wearer
and allowing the suit to be heated.
GPS can provide added safety for
firefighters and emergency personnel
by facilitating offsite monitoring of
vitals
38. Wireless, hands-free communication
Fabric area networks (FANs) enable electronic devices to exchange
digital information, power, and control signals within the user’s
personal space and remote locations. FANs use wireless RF
communication links using currents measuring one nanoamp; these
currents can transmit data at speed equivalent to a 2400-baud
modem
39. Micro-encapsulation
Chemicals /
Fragrances are
captured in
microscopic
polymer bubbles
which are added
to natural or
microfibres.
When the fabric is
rubbed or comes into
contact with the skin,
the bubbles slowly
burst to release their
content
40. Nano Technology
• Nano-particles are permanently attached to cotton or synthetic
fibers. The change occurs at the molecular level, and the particles can
be configured to imbue the fabric with various attributes. Nano-
technology combines the performance characteristics associated with
synthetics with the hand and feel of cotton
• Nano-fibers 1/1000 the size of a typical cotton fiber are attached to
the individual fibers. The changes to the fibers are undetectable and
do not affect the natural hand and breathability of the fabric
Nano-fibers attached to
cotton fibers
Nano-fibers cause
liquids to roll off