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1. Foot Anatomy and FootFoot Anatomy and Foot
MechanicsMechanics

2. Session ContentSession Content
1. Familiarization with Foot Anatomy
2. Familiarization with Foot Mechanics
3. Basics of Measuring Foot Size
4. Size Systems
5. Shoe Fitting

3. Foot Anatomy
and Foot
Mechanics

4. Foot KnowledgeFoot Knowledge
• Feet bear the full weight of the
body and as such are the
foundation of the body
• On average a person can take up to
18,000 steps per day
• A 70 year old person will have
walked in their lifetime, an average
distance equivalent to walking
around the world 3 times

5. Foot AnatomyFoot Anatomy
The skeleton of the foot is
made up of 26 bones.
TARSUS – heel of the foot
•Consists of 7 irregularly
shaped bones at the back of
the foot
METATARSUS – middle
of the foot
•Consists of 5 long bones
along the middle of the
foot.
PHALANGES – toes
•Consists of 14 short
bones that form the toes

6. Foot AnantomyFoot Anantomy
The skeleton of the foot is
made up of 26 bones.
BALL ARCH
Inputs required from Mr. Sadhu

7. Foot AnatomyFoot Anatomy
1. The main joints of the foot are:
2. Ankle Joint – a hinge joint
3. Sub Taler – a gliding joint
4. Mid Tarsal – a gliding & ball-and-socket
joint
5. The skeleton of the foot is held together
by:
6. 109 ligaments
7. 32 Muscles and tendons (for movement)

8. Types of FeetTypes of Feet
• ECTOMORPHIC – Long and thin
• MESOMORPHIC – Muscular and heavy boned
• ENDOMORPHIC – Small bones and fleshy

9. Normal & AbnormalNormal & Abnormal
FootFoot

10. Change in footChange in foot
dimensionsdimensions
While Weight Bearing
• The foot becomes longer
• It also becomes wider across the
ball.
• The heel becomes wider and
arch lower
On an average foot increase by
approx. 5% (in volume) by the
night. The percentage can
increase in warm weather and
decrease in cold weather

11. Measuring Foot size

12. Measuring Foot sizeMeasuring Foot size
Standing
1. Measure both feet
2. Measure the longest toe
3. Always measure the foot
size from the foot not
from the shoe

13. Measuring Foot sizeMeasuring Foot size
Sitting
1. The foot must be correctly positioned in the
foot gauge
2. The stool must be in line with the leg
3. The heel must be right back to the pillar
4. The angle between the leg and foot must be
90 degrees
5. The foot must be correctly aligned
VISUAL OF SCALE

14. Sizing

15. Size ChartsSize Charts
Revolutions Mens Womens Kids
English   
French   
Two commonly accepted size systems :
English : Measured in inches eg.
Mens size 8 = 11 inches
French : Measured in centimeters eg.
Mens size 42 = 28 cms

16. Size Conversion ChartSize Conversion Chart
English CAT SCALE 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
CHILD 2-5 2 3 4 5
CHILD 5-8 5 6 7 8
CHILD 9-12 9 10 11 12
CHILD 11-1 11 12 13 1
TEEN 2-5 2 3 4 5
LADIES 3-8 3 4 5 6 7 8
GENTS 6-13 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
French
• Between two French Sizes the difference in length is 2/3rd of
a cms. or 0.66 cms
• Between two English Sizes the difference in length is 1/3rd
of an inch or 0.846 centimeters
Blank corresponding to French Size

17. Shoe Fitting

18. Check points whileCheck points while
fitting a shoefitting a shoe
1. For what activity will the
shoe be worn ?
2. Where will the shoe be
worn ?
3. Any extreme variations in
temperature?
4. How long will the customer
wear the shoe at a stretch?
5. Style Preference ?

19. Shoe Fitting PointersShoe Fitting Pointers
• Measure both feet. No two feet are
the same size. Fit shoes for the
larger foot
• Ask customer to wiggle toes in the
shoes. If he/ she can’t, the shoes are
probably too small. 3/8" to 1/2" of
space between your longest toe and
the end of the shoe is recommended

20. Shoe Fitting PointersShoe Fitting Pointers
• Ask the customer to walk around
the store to ensure a comfortable fit
before buying
• Ask the customer to walk on
different floor surfaces (available in
store) prior to buying
• Provide customer with socks to try
on shoes with which he/ she will
wear them

21. Check points whileCheck points while
fitting a shoefitting a shoe
• Mr. Sadhu

22. Shoe fitting forShoe fitting for
ChildrenChildren
1. Ill- fitting shoes can damage
children’s feet. Harm can be
done without causing pain to
the child.
2. Extreme caution to be
exercised while fitting a shoe
for a child
3. Complete freedom of
movement is essential in a
childs shoe

23. Shoe fitting forShoe fitting for
Abnormal feetAbnormal feet
Mr. Sadhu
• High arch
• Low Arch
• Flat foot

24. Shoe fitting forShoe fitting for
Abnormal feetAbnormal feet
Mr. Sadhu
• High arch
• Low Arch
• Flat foot
• Hammer Toe
• Ingrown Toenails

25. Shoe fitting forShoe fitting for
feet with minor foot ailmentsfeet with minor foot ailments
DISORDER CAUSE SUGGESTION
Blister
a bubble on the skin filled with fluid Caused by friction in socks or shoes that are loose
and slip around
Correct sizing of the shoe
Corn
hard thickening of the skin that has a central core
where pressure is severe
Excess pressure or friction usually due to footwear
that is too tight
Correct sizing of the shoe
Bunion
inflammation and swelling on the side of a joint Prolonged compression of the toes in a short shoe Shoes that come in various width sizes
Ingrown Toenail
toenail grows into the skin and flesh Pressure on the nails from crowding of toes or too
short shoes or hosiery
Correct sizing of the shoe
Hammer Toe
joint of the toe is permanently bent downward Shoe too short or narrow pointed shoes Correct sizing of the shoe
High In-step or High Arch Congenital Tendency Very good arch support or motion
control athletic shoes
DISORDER CAUSE SUGGESTION
Bunion Hammertoes

26. Worn Shoe EvaluationWorn Shoe Evaluation
Some people “age” their
shoes prematurely. The
cause can be the foot,
the fit, the shoe or all
three.
Some people “age” their
shoes prematurely. The
cause can be the foot,
the fit, the shoe or all
three.

27. Worn Shoe EvaluationWorn Shoe Evaluation
at Revolutionsat Revolutions
1. Evaluate worn shoe
2. Assess if ‘age’/ wear and tear
is due to
– FIT
– SHOE
1. If yes, inform the customer of the shoe wear
and tear due to appropriate fit/ shoe
2. Recommend a more appropriate fit or shoe
to the customer

28. Worn Shoe EvaluationWorn Shoe Evaluation
1. Wear on the sole should be even
2. If the wear is forward, then the shoe is too
short
3. If the shoe is worn on the outside edge or
the inside, then the shoe is too narrow or the
person leans outwards or inwards
4. If the toe of the shoe is turning up then the
shoe is too long
PICTURES

29. Worn Shoe EvaluationWorn Shoe Evaluation
1. Normally the vamp will not develop
excessive wrinkles or creases, nor it will
have pronounced indications of each of the
toes
2. A shoe that is too wide will develop large
creases or folds across the vamp
3. A shoe that has toes impressions on vamp is
too short or too narrow, or made on the last
which isn’t appropriate
PICTURES

30. Same Size DifferentSame Size Different
Foot ShapeFoot Shape

31. Check List forCheck List for
Assessing Shoe FitAssessing Shoe Fit
• Shoe Length
– Leave 3/8” to
1/2” between
longest toe and
end of the shoe.
– Space for the
fourth and fifth
toe

32. Disorders of FootDisorders of Foot
which affect Footwearwhich affect Footwear

33. Check List forCheck List for
Assessing Shoe FitAssessing Shoe Fit
• Heel to Ball (Arch Length)
– Joint of the big toe fits into ball “pocket” of
shoe.
• Ball to Toe
– Shoe is not too long or too short from ball to
end of toes.
• Heel to outer ball
– Outer ball joint fits into outer pocket of the
shoe.

34. Check List forCheck List for
Assessing Shoe FitAssessing Shoe Fit

35. Check List forCheck List for
Assessing Shoe FitAssessing Shoe Fit
• Ball Width and Vamp Room
– Adequate space across the vamp of
the shoe
– Width of the insole same as the width
of the foot.
• Heel Fit
– Not too tight or too loose, “snug” fit.
– Top of counter does not “cut into”
heel tendon
– Inside and outside ankle bones do not
rub against top line of shoe.
Fig: Right heel in shoe. The slight
offset between the axis of the leg
and the axis of the shoe puts
stress on the shoe counter, hence
the need for a firm and
substantial shoe counter.

36. Check List forCheck List for
Assessing Shoe FitAssessing Shoe Fit
• Top Line
– Fits snugly to sides of the foot.
• Instep of Waist
– With slip-ons it is important that
the shoes are not too tight and not
too loose but must be snug enough
to hold the foot.
– With laced shoe it is possible to
adjust the fit over the instep

37. Check List forCheck List for
Assessing Shoe FitAssessing Shoe Fit
• Arch Fit
– Shoe hugs closely to the foot on the inside of the
shoe under the longitudinal arch.
• Tread
– Shoe fits securely, customer feels balanced and
stable and walks comfortably.

38. Worn Shoe EvaluationWorn Shoe Evaluation

39. ExerciseExercise
• Identifying parts of a foot
• Measuring foot size
• Assessing shoe fits