The most massive crime of identity theft in history was perpetrated in 2007 by exploiting an SQL Injection vulnerability. This issue is one of the most common and most serious threats to web application security. In this presentation, you'll see some common myths busted and you'll get a better understanding of defending against SQL injection.
The presentation has a quick preamble on SQL injection definition, sqlmap and its key features.
I will then illustrate into details common and uncommon problems and respective solutions with examples that a penetration tester faces when he wants to take advantage of any kind of web application SQL injection flaw on real world web applications, for instance SQL injection in ORDER BY and LIMIT clauses, single entry UNION query SQL injection, specific web application technologies IDS bypasses and more.
These slides have been presented at the 2nd Digital Security Forum in Lisbon on June 27, 2009.
Updated version of http://www.slideshare.net/inquis/sql-injection-not-only-and-11.
Advanced SQL injection to operating system full control (whitepaper)Bernardo Damele A. G.
Over ten years have passed since a famous hacker coined the term "SQL injection" and it is still considered one of the major web application threats, affecting over 70% of web application on the Net. A lot has been said on this specific vulnerability, but not all of the aspects and implications have been uncovered, yet.
It's time to explore new ways to get complete control over the database management system's underlying operating system through a SQL injection vulnerability in those over-looked and theoretically not exploitable scenarios: From the command execution on MySQL and PostgreSQL to a stored procedure's buffer overflow exploitation on Microsoft SQL Server. These and much more will be unveiled and demonstrated with my own tool's new version that I will release at the Conference (http://www.blackhat.com/html/bh-europe-09/bh-eu-09-speakers.html#Damele).
The most massive crime of identity theft in history was perpetrated in 2007 by exploiting an SQL Injection vulnerability. This issue is one of the most common and most serious threats to web application security. In this presentation, you'll see some common myths busted and you'll get a better understanding of defending against SQL injection.
The presentation has a quick preamble on SQL injection definition, sqlmap and its key features.
I will then illustrate into details common and uncommon problems and respective solutions with examples that a penetration tester faces when he wants to take advantage of any kind of web application SQL injection flaw on real world web applications, for instance SQL injection in ORDER BY and LIMIT clauses, single entry UNION query SQL injection, specific web application technologies IDS bypasses and more.
These slides have been presented at the 2nd Digital Security Forum in Lisbon on June 27, 2009.
Updated version of http://www.slideshare.net/inquis/sql-injection-not-only-and-11.
Advanced SQL injection to operating system full control (whitepaper)Bernardo Damele A. G.
Over ten years have passed since a famous hacker coined the term "SQL injection" and it is still considered one of the major web application threats, affecting over 70% of web application on the Net. A lot has been said on this specific vulnerability, but not all of the aspects and implications have been uncovered, yet.
It's time to explore new ways to get complete control over the database management system's underlying operating system through a SQL injection vulnerability in those over-looked and theoretically not exploitable scenarios: From the command execution on MySQL and PostgreSQL to a stored procedure's buffer overflow exploitation on Microsoft SQL Server. These and much more will be unveiled and demonstrated with my own tool's new version that I will release at the Conference (http://www.blackhat.com/html/bh-europe-09/bh-eu-09-speakers.html#Damele).
SQL Injection: complete walkthrough (not only) for PHP developersKrzysztof Kotowicz
Learn what is SQL injection, how to use prepared statements, how to escape and write secure stored procedures. Many PHP projects are covered - PDO, Propel, Doctrine, Zend Framework and MDB2. Multiple gotchas included.
These are the slides from a talk "DNS exfiltration using sqlmap" held at PHDays 2012 conference (Russia / Moscow 30th–31st May 2012) by Miroslav Stampar.
It all starts with the ' (SQL injection from attacker's point of view)Miroslav Stampar
These are the slides from a talk "It all starts with the ' (SQL injection from attacker's point of view)" held at FSec 2011 conference (Croatia / Varazdin 22nd September 2011) by Miroslav Stampar
Sql injection bypassing hand book blackroseNoaman Aziz
In this book I am not gonna teach you Basics of SQL injection, I will assume that you already know them, because cmon every one talks about it, you will find tons and tons of posts on forums related to basics of SQL Injection, In this post I will talk about common methods of used by hackers and pentesters for evading IDS, IPS, WAF's such as Modsecurity, dotdefender etc .
This presentation was given at the November 2012 chapter meeting of the Memphis ISSA. In the presentation, I discuss various methods of exploiting common SQL Injection vulnerabilities, as well as present a specialized technique known as Time-Based Blind SQL Injection. Related to the latter, I give a scenario in which other common forms of SQL Injection would fail to produce results for a penetration tester or attacker, and show how one may overcome this situation by using the specialized technique. The scenario given, along with the sample code, is NOT a contrived example, but instead is closely based on a real-world application that I encountered as part of an assessment.
A live demonstration of the common forms of SQL Injection was also given which utilized the OWASP Broken Web Apps VM, DVWA, Burp Proxy and SQL Power Injector. To demo a real-world time-based blind injection, I created and locally hosted a new application which closely mimicked the real-world application mentioned above.
XSS is much more than just <script>alert(1)</script>. Thousands of unique vectors can be built and more complex payloads to evade filters and WAFs. In these slides, cool techniques to bypass them are described, from HTML to javascript. See also http://brutelogic.com.br/blog
Expanding the control over the operating system from the databaseBernardo Damele A. G.
Using a database, either via a SQL injection or via direct connection, as a stepping stone to control the underlying operating system can be achieved.
There is much to say on operating system control by owning a database server: Windows registry access, anti-forensics technique to establish an out-of-band stealth connection, buffer overflow exploitation with memory protections bypass and custom user-defined function injection.
These slides have been presented at SOURCE Conference in Barcelona on September 21, 2009.
The presentation has a quick preamble on SQL injection definition, sqlmap and its key features.
I then illustrate into details common and uncommon problems and respective solutions with examples that a penetration tester faces when he wants to take advantage of any kind of web application SQL injection flaw on real world web applications, for instance SQL injection in ORDER BY and LIMIT clauses, single entry UNION query SQL injection, specific web application technologies IDS bypasses and more.
These slides have been presented at the Front Range OWASP Conference in Denver on March 5, 2009.
SQL Injection: complete walkthrough (not only) for PHP developersKrzysztof Kotowicz
Learn what is SQL injection, how to use prepared statements, how to escape and write secure stored procedures. Many PHP projects are covered - PDO, Propel, Doctrine, Zend Framework and MDB2. Multiple gotchas included.
These are the slides from a talk "DNS exfiltration using sqlmap" held at PHDays 2012 conference (Russia / Moscow 30th–31st May 2012) by Miroslav Stampar.
It all starts with the ' (SQL injection from attacker's point of view)Miroslav Stampar
These are the slides from a talk "It all starts with the ' (SQL injection from attacker's point of view)" held at FSec 2011 conference (Croatia / Varazdin 22nd September 2011) by Miroslav Stampar
Sql injection bypassing hand book blackroseNoaman Aziz
In this book I am not gonna teach you Basics of SQL injection, I will assume that you already know them, because cmon every one talks about it, you will find tons and tons of posts on forums related to basics of SQL Injection, In this post I will talk about common methods of used by hackers and pentesters for evading IDS, IPS, WAF's such as Modsecurity, dotdefender etc .
This presentation was given at the November 2012 chapter meeting of the Memphis ISSA. In the presentation, I discuss various methods of exploiting common SQL Injection vulnerabilities, as well as present a specialized technique known as Time-Based Blind SQL Injection. Related to the latter, I give a scenario in which other common forms of SQL Injection would fail to produce results for a penetration tester or attacker, and show how one may overcome this situation by using the specialized technique. The scenario given, along with the sample code, is NOT a contrived example, but instead is closely based on a real-world application that I encountered as part of an assessment.
A live demonstration of the common forms of SQL Injection was also given which utilized the OWASP Broken Web Apps VM, DVWA, Burp Proxy and SQL Power Injector. To demo a real-world time-based blind injection, I created and locally hosted a new application which closely mimicked the real-world application mentioned above.
XSS is much more than just <script>alert(1)</script>. Thousands of unique vectors can be built and more complex payloads to evade filters and WAFs. In these slides, cool techniques to bypass them are described, from HTML to javascript. See also http://brutelogic.com.br/blog
Expanding the control over the operating system from the databaseBernardo Damele A. G.
Using a database, either via a SQL injection or via direct connection, as a stepping stone to control the underlying operating system can be achieved.
There is much to say on operating system control by owning a database server: Windows registry access, anti-forensics technique to establish an out-of-band stealth connection, buffer overflow exploitation with memory protections bypass and custom user-defined function injection.
These slides have been presented at SOURCE Conference in Barcelona on September 21, 2009.
The presentation has a quick preamble on SQL injection definition, sqlmap and its key features.
I then illustrate into details common and uncommon problems and respective solutions with examples that a penetration tester faces when he wants to take advantage of any kind of web application SQL injection flaw on real world web applications, for instance SQL injection in ORDER BY and LIMIT clauses, single entry UNION query SQL injection, specific web application technologies IDS bypasses and more.
These slides have been presented at the Front Range OWASP Conference in Denver on March 5, 2009.
SQL injection is a code injection technique, used to attack data-driven applications,
in which malicious SQL statements are inserted into an entry field for execution.
This is a method to attack web applications that have a data repository.The
attacker would send a specially crafted SQL statement that is designed to cause
some malicious action.SQL injection is an attack technique that exploits a security
vulnerability occurring in the database layer of an application and a service. This
is most often found within web pages with dynamic content.
How to Become a Thought Leader in Your NicheLeslie Samuel
Are bloggers thought leaders? Here are some tips on how you can become one. Provide great value, put awesome content out there on a regular basis, and help others.
Dominating headlines for the past year, SQLi has become a widely-known, even outside the circle of security professionals. And for good reason: SQL injection is probably the most expensive and costly attack since it is mainly used to steal data. Famous breaches, including Sony, Nokia, Heartland Payment Systems and even Lady Gaga's Web sites were compromised by hackers who used SQL injection to break-in to the application's backend database. LulzSec, the notorious hacktivist group, made SQLi a key part of their arsenal. This report details how prevalent SQL injection attacks have become, how attacks are executed and how hackers are innovating SQLi attacks to bypass security controls as well as increase potency.
Web Application Security 101 - 14 Data ValidationWebsecurify
In part 14 of Web Application Security 101 you will learn about SQL Injection, Cross-site Scripting, Local File Includes and other common types of data validation problems.
How "·$% developers defeat the web vulnerability scannersChema Alonso
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How "·$% developers defeat the web vulnerability scanners - Presentation Transcript
1.How ?¿$·& developers defeat the most famous web vulnerability scanners …or how to recognize old friends Chema Alonso Informática64 José Parada Microsoft Ibérica
2.Agenda
1.- Introduction
2.- Inverted Queries
3.- Arithmetic Blind SQL Injection
4.- Time-Based Blind SQL Injection using Heavey Queries
5.- Conclusions
3.1.-Introduction
4.SQL Injection is still here among us
5.Web Application Security Consortium: Comparision http://projects.webappsec.org/Web-Application-Security-Statistics 12.186 sites 97.554 bugs
6.Need to Improve Automatic Scanning
Not always a manual scanning is possible
Time
Confidentiality
Money, money, money…
Need to study new ways to recognize old fashion vulnerabilities to improve automatic scanning tools.
7.2.-Inverted Queries
8.
9.Homers, how are they?
Lazy
Bad trainined
Poor Experience in security stuff
Don´t like working
Don´t like computing
Don´t like coding
Don´t like you!
10.Flanders are Left-handed
11.Right
SELECT UID
FROM USERS
WHERE NAME=‘V_NAME’
AND
PASSWORD=‘V_PASSW’;
12.Wrong?
SELECT UID
FROM USERS
WHERE ‘V_NAME’=NAME AND
‘ V_PASSW’=PASSWORD
13.Login Inverted Query
Select uid
From users where ‘v_name’=name and ‘v_pass’=password
http://www.web.com/login.php?v_name=Robert&v_pass=Kubica’ or '1'='1
Select uid
From users where ‘Robert’=name and ‘Kubica’ or ‘1’=‘1’=password
FAIL
14.Login Inverted SQL Injection an example
Select uid
From users where ‘v_name’=name and ‘v_pass’=password
http://www.web.com/login.php?v_name=Robert&v_pass=’=‘’ or ‘1’=‘1’ or ‘Kubica
Select uid
From users where ‘Robert’=name and ’’=‘’ or ‘1’=‘1’ or ‘Kubica’=password
Success
15.Blind Attacks
Attacker injects code but can´t access directly to the data.
However this injection changes the behavior of the web application.
Then the attacker looks for differences between true code injections (1=1) and false code injections (1=2) in the response pages to extract data.
Blind SQL Injection
Biind Xpath Injection
Blind LDAP Injection
16.Blind SQL Injection Attacks
Attacker injects:
“ True where clauses”
“ False where clauses“
Ex:
Program.php?id=1 and 1=1
Program.php?id=1 and 1=2
Program doesn’t return any visible data from database or data in error messages.
The attacker can´t see any data extracted from the database.
17.Blind SQL Injection Attacks
Attacker analyzes the response pages looking for differences between “True-Answer Page” and “False-Answer Page”:
Different hashes
Different html structure
Different patterns (keywords)
Different linear ASCII sums
“ Different behavior”
By example: Response Time
18.Blind SQL Injection Attacks
If any difference exists, then:
Attacker can extract all information from database
How? Using “booleanization”
MySQL:
Program.php?id=1 and 100>(ASCII(Substring(user(),1,1)))
“ True-Answer Page” or “False-Answer Page”?
MSSQL:
Program.php?id=1 and 100>(Select top 1 ASCII(Substring(name,1,1))) from sysusers)
Oracle:
Program.php?id=1 and 100>(Select ASCII(Sub
Mike Creuzer's presentation from the December, 2009 Suburban Chicago PHP & Web Dev Meetup. The topic is SQL injection in PHP and common PHP content management systems.
Visit Mike's blog at http://mike.creuzer.com/
Asegúr@IT IV - Remote File DownloadingChema Alonso
Charla impartida por Chema Alonso (Informática64) el 27 de Octubre de 2008 en Getafe (Madrid) dentro de la conferencia Asegúr@IT IV sobre como descargar ficheros usando Blind SQL injection techniques.
Тестирование на проникновение в сетях Microsoft (v.2)Dmitry Evteev
Как показывает практика проведения тестирований на проникновение компанией Positive Technologies, всего 4-х часов достаточно атакующему, находящемуся во внутренней сети компании, для того, чтобы получить максимальный уровень привилегий. С чем это связано и можно ли от этого защититься? Данная тема будет освещена в ходе доклада Дмитрия Евтеева. На вебинаре будут подробно рассмотрены типовые успешные сценарии атак в сетях Microsoft, а также действия атакующего, связанные с пост эксплуатацией в Active Directory.
В современном бизнесе все решает время. Доступность корпоративных приложений из любой точки земного шара и с любых мобильных устройств - это и есть облик современного бизнеса. Но как обеспечить подобную доступность? VPN-шлюзы? Доставка приложений через веб-сервисы? Каждая компания свободна в выборе любого из решений. Но насколько безопасны эти решения? В презентации затронута практическая безопасность при организации удаленного доступа к приложениям с использованием решений самых популярных брендов в этой сфере.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
7. Illustrative Example of SQL Injection Web Server DBMS http://web/? id=6329&print=Y … . SELECT * from news where id = 6329 … .
8. Illustrative Example of SQL Injection Web Server DBMS http://web/? id=6329+union+select+id,pwd,0+from... … . SELECT * from news where id = 6329 union select id,pwd,0 from… … .
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42. What is WAF http:// server /?id=6329&print=Y At attack is detected ! Alarm !!! WAF Webserver http:// server /?id=5351 http:// server /?id=8234 http:// server /? id=“><script>... http:// server /?id=1+union+select... http:// server /? id=/../../../etc/passwd Data normalization Decode HTML entities (e.g. c, ", ª) Escaped characters (e.g. , 01, AA, AABB) Null byte string termination ... Signature search /(sel)(ect.+fr)(om)/is /(uni)(on.+sel)(ect)/is ...
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48. Practice of Bypassing WAF: SQL Injection - HPP Technology/Environment Parameter Interpretation Example ASP.NET/IIS Concatenation by comma par1=val1,val2 ASP/IIS Concatenation by comma par1=val1,val2 PHP/APACHE The last parameter is resulting par1=val2 PHP/Zeus The last parameter is resulting par1=val2 JSP, Servlet/Apache Tomcat The first parameter is resulting par1=val1 JSP,Servlet/Oracle Application Server 10g The first parameter is resulting par1=val1 JSP,Servlet/Jetty The first parameter is resulting par1=val1 IBM Lotus Domino The first parameter is resulting par1=val1 IBM HTTP Server The last parameter is resulting par1=val2 mod_perl,libapeq2/Apache The first parameter is resulting par1=val1 Perl CGI/Apache The first parameter is resulting par1=val1 mod_perl,lib???/Apache The first parameter is resulting par1=val1 mod_wsgi (Python)/Apache An array is returned ARRAY(0x8b9058c) Pythin/Zope The first parameter is resulting par1=val1 IceWarp An array is returned ['val1','val2'] AXIS 2400 The last parameter is resulting par1=val2 Linksys Wireless-G PTZ Internet Camera Concatenation by comma par1=val1,val2 Ricoh Aficio 1022 Printer The last parameter is resulting par1=val2 webcamXP Pro The first parameter is resulting par1=val1 DBMan Concatenation by two tildes par1=val1~~val2
![Subjects in Question ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)