This document discusses 7 quality tools used in continuous improvement workshops: affinity diagram, relations diagram, tree diagram, matrix diagram, matrix data analysis, arrow diagram, and process decision program chart. It provides a brief overview of each tool, including what it is used for and typical situations where each tool would be applicable.

1. Continuous
Improvement
Workshop
Second Part
Eng. Naty A. Romero Alarcón

2.  The 7 new quality tools:
◦ Affinity Diagram.
◦ Relations Diagram.
◦ Tree Diagram/ Decision Tree
◦ Matrix Diagram
◦ Matrix Data Analysis.
◦ Arrow Diagram.
◦ Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC).
Quality Tools

3. • The Affinity Diagram was devised by Jiro Kawakita in the
1960s and is sometimes referred to as the KJ Method.
• Organizes a large number of ideas into their natural
relationships.
• You can use it when:
- You are confronted with many facts or ideas in
apparent chaos.
- Issues seen to large and complex to grasp.
- Group consensus is necessary.
Typical situations are:
After a brainstorming exercise.
Affinity Diagram

4. Affinity Diagram

5.  Shows cause-and-effect relationships.
 Helps a group analyze the natural links between different aspects of
a complex situation.
We use the relations diagram when:
Trying to understand links between ideas or cause and effect
relationships, such as when trying to indentify and area of
greatest impact for improvement.
 When a complex issue is being analyzed for causes.
 When a complex solution is being implemented.
 After generating an affinity diagram, cause-and-effect
diagram or tree diagram, to more completely explore the
relations of ideas
Relation Diagram

7.  Breaks down or stratifies ideas in progressively greater
detail.
 The objective is to partition a big idea or problem into its
smaller components, making the idea easier to
understand, or the problem easier to solve.
We can use it when:
- Developing actions to carry out a solution or other plan.
- Analyzing processes in detail.
- As a communication tool, to explain details to
others.
Tree Diagram or Decision Tree

8. Tree Diagram Example

9.  The matrix diagram shows the relationship between two,
three or four groups of information. It also can give
information about the relationship, such as its strength,
the roles played by various individuals or
measurements.
 Six differently shaped matrices are possible: L, T, Y, X, C
and roof-shaped, depending on how many groups must
be compared.
Matrix Diagram

10.  A complex mathematical technique for
analyzing matrices, often replaced in this list
by the similar prioritization matrix.
 One of the most rigorous, careful and time-
consuming of decision-making tools, a
prioritization matrix is an L-shaped matrix
that uses pairwise comparisons of a list of
options to a set of criteria in order to choose
the best options.
Matrix data analysis

11.  The arrow diagram shows the required order of tasks in
a project or process, the best schedule for the entire
project, and potential scheduling and resource problems
and their solutions.
 The arrow diagram lets you calculate the “critical path”
of the project. This is the flow of critical steps where
delays will affect the timing of the entire project and
where addition of resources can speed up the project.
Arrow Diagram

12.  The process decision program chart systematically
identifies what might go wrong in a plan under
development.
 Countermeasures are developed to prevent or offset
those problems. By using PDPC, you can either revise
the plan to avoid the problems or be ready with the best
response when a problem occurs.
Process Decision Program Chart