The document proposes a compact water recycling device for small-scale industries. It describes the current situation of poor water management in Indian industries and the on-site research conducted at a zinc plating unit. The proposed device uses a series of processes like filtration, agitation, neutralization and precipitation to treat wastewater within the industry's premises. Key features include being compact, low-cost, easy to maintain and install, and allowing treatment to occur on-site. The document concludes that efficient water recycling systems can significantly reduce industries' water usage and wastewater discharge.

1. Water, safe, sustainable and for all - Design Competition Presented by- Aditi Bidkar Varshapriya Radhakrishnan Symbiosis Institute of Design, Pune.

2. Design Brief A device that recycles waste water in small scale industries .

3. Design process -Current situation -On site research -Final concept -Description of various components -Unique features of the concept -In a nutshell -Bibliography

4. Current situation. Number of industries which recycle water is negligible. People who recycle water are- -Big industries who can afford the setup. -Industries who are aware of their environmental duties. -Industries which deal in export - to impress foreign clients. Water is poorly priced natural resource in India .Which leads to using it recklessly and abusing it. Poor laws and regulations and lack of coordination between regulatory bodies worsen the water crisis.

5. On an average, for every litre of wastewater discharged, about 5-8 litres of water are made unusable for most human uses other than agriculture, hydropower and navigation. If this logic is followed, current water use by Indian industry is somewhere between 35-50 per cent of the total water used in the country. An integrated approach involving water treatment, source reduction, reuse of process water, effluent treatment, recycling of treated effluent and Waste minimization is urgently required. -Improve process technology -Reuse process water -Recirculate process water -Rainwater harvesting Current situation .

6. On site research Areas visited Small scale Industries around Katraj, Pune. Area chosen- Zinc plating unit near Katraj, Pune.

7. Pictures taken from the site

8. Pictures taken from the site

9. A compact device that recycles waste water in small scale industries. Redefine brief

10. - Lack of awareness about environmental issues. - Lack of space for a recycling plant. - Lack of financial resources. - Corrupt government system. - Present cost of water is cheap. 250 Rs. for 12,000lts of water. - All the water being used is thrown away (i.e.1000lts per day.) Problems identified

11. Plan of the area Highway Garage Furniture manufacturer Zinc plating unit Vehicle parts Vehicle parts

12. Plan of the site chosen Water tank Electrolysis unit Electrolysis unit Current supply Empty space

14. Process Electrolysis takes place in two tanks (capacities - 450lts and 300lts). Additional tank stores fresh water of 300lts. The effluent is pumped by means of a hose into the treatment tank. Water tank Electrolysis unit Electrolysis unit Current supply Treatment tank

15. Flowchart Filter Process storage tank Mixer Precipitation Neutralizers Precipitants Processed water + electrolyte Solid waste Sludge Buffer tank

16. Processes and Functions Filtration screen – Removes any solid particles when the electrolytic solution is passed through it. Agitation– Agitates the process of neutralization. Neutralization -chemical neutralization is done to neutralize the acidic or alkaline nature of water. Neutralizer is added to form salt and water. Precipitation - Precipitation reactions can be used for removing salts from water. Precipitant is added to form solid precipitate which settles down.

17. Concept motor agitator Sludge outlet platform elevation handle Inlet For adding chemicals Filter screen

18. Concept

19. Parts Tank Size : 190.5cm * 160cm *76.2cm Elevation of around 50 cm from the base. The base is slanted so that the sludge comes out easily. Material: stainless steel-316 10 gauge Cost: approx Rs.65,000. Maintenance: The tank can be easily cleaned. Also because of its elevation from the ground any leakage problem can be easily solved.

20. Fine bar screen Parts The water first passes through a fine bar screen so that any solid waste in the electrolyte can be removed. Hole is provided at one of the corners to put neutralizers and precipitants in the tank. Material: Stainless steel -316 mesh. The fine bar screen can be moved to an angle with the help of the handle. Moving it to angle helps in cleaning fine bar screen.

21. Motor + Propeller Parts Flameproof motor of 1 hp. Mounted on the tank. Propeller Cost: motor + Propeller Rs.15,000

22. Parts Sludge and water outlet Platform Total cost: Tank + Propeller + motor + filter screen+ pipes +installation= approx Rs.90,000

23. Unique features -Compact system. -Simple system. -Less cost of installation. -Easy maintenance. -Easy to clean. -Easy accessibility (throughout the working hours) as it is within the premises of the unit. Even though this has been designed for a zinc plating unit, the same compact system can be installed in any other similar industry.

24. In a nutshell… There are enough technologies to solve all water problems and what is more, the prices of these technologies are gradually decreasing. With government support and stringent regulations, the journey towards this goal will be smoother. In a nutshell, it is quite feasible today for an Indian industry to substantially reduce its water consumption and wastewater discharge by putting efficient systems for recycling and reusing the process water.

25. Bibliography http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewater http://www.lenntech.com/Centrifugation.htm http://www.waterquality.crc.org.au/consumers/Consumersp8.htm http://www.cseindia.org/dte supplement/industry20040215/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_water_treatment http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralization_%28chemistry%29 http://www.lenntech.com/electrolysis.htm http://www.vito.be/english/researchfields.htm http://www.kochmembrane.com/Industrial Processes/Industrial Water & WasteWater.htm

26. Acknowledgement Owners of all small scale industries that we visited. Mr. Aniruddh Natu, associate director , SID Mr. Mlinesh Shah, B.E,chemical engineer Mr. Sandeep Marne, Diploma Mechanical engineer Mr. Prashant Walvekar, B.E , chemical engineer Dr. Milind Deshpande ,Phd (dyes and chemicals) Mr. Govind Sharma,MBA Mr. Nabar. B.E mechanical engineer

27. Thank you