Incentive design to promote participation and uptake by landownersAberdeen CES
This document discusses incentive design to promote landowner participation in conservation programs. It notes that asymmetric information, where landowners know the cost of conservation but funding bodies do not, can lead to adverse selection and moral hazard. Contract menus and auctions are proposed as revelation mechanisms to incentivize landowners to reveal private information and select optimal conservation practices, while minimizing costs for funding bodies. The document advocates designing incentives compatible with landowner risk aversion to maximize environmental benefits from conservation programs.
Measuring multiple dividends of (un)natural disaster risk management in AsiaOECD Governance
Investing in infrastructure: Costs, benefits and effectiveness of disaster risk reduction measures.
Presentation made by: Reinhard Mechler, Thomas Schinko, Stefan Hochrainer-Stigler, Finn Laurien
During the webinar, the speakers promoted a set of training materials that is freely available for those interested in learning more about the implementation of NDCs in the agriculture sector in Africa.
More info about the webinar: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/implementing-ndcs-agriculture-sector-across-africa-what-directions-capacity-building#.XxaxH_gzbfZ
Investing in infrastructure: Costs, benefits and effectiveness of disaster risk reduction measures.
Presentation made by:
Sabrina Lavarone
Economist – Economics and Social Science Team
1) Payments for ecosystem services (PES) is one option to correct market failures that cause ecosystems to be neglected, but it faces challenges in implementation related to additionality, conditionality, and voluntary provision.
2) While agri-environment schemes are similar to PES, they are limited in duration, not tied to actual ecosystem service values, and have high administrative costs.
3) For PES to work for peatland management in the UK, greater acceptance, market confidence, and better incentive structures are needed, including better spatial coordination and monitoring to ensure additional ecosystem services. The public sector has an important role to play in supporting PES market creation.
Evaluating the Impact of Community Based DRR ProjectsOECD Governance
Investing in infrastructure: Costs, benefits and effectiveness of disaster risk reduction measures.
Presentation made by:
Jody Springer
Data Analytics
Hazard Mitigation Assistance, Mitigation Division
US Federal Emergency Management Agency
Presentation by Gabriela Weber de Moralis from Finance in Motion at the Low Emissions Advantage event on the sidelines of COP23.
More information about the event series: https://bit.ly/AgAdvantage
Economic Evaluation for Flood Control Investment in JapanOECD Governance
Investing in infrastructure: Costs, benefits and effectiveness of disaster risk reduction measures.
Presentation made by:
Kazushi FURUMOTO
Director for International Coordination of River Engineering
River Planning Division, Water and Disaster Management Bureau
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT), Japan
Incentive design to promote participation and uptake by landownersAberdeen CES
This document discusses incentive design to promote landowner participation in conservation programs. It notes that asymmetric information, where landowners know the cost of conservation but funding bodies do not, can lead to adverse selection and moral hazard. Contract menus and auctions are proposed as revelation mechanisms to incentivize landowners to reveal private information and select optimal conservation practices, while minimizing costs for funding bodies. The document advocates designing incentives compatible with landowner risk aversion to maximize environmental benefits from conservation programs.
Measuring multiple dividends of (un)natural disaster risk management in AsiaOECD Governance
Investing in infrastructure: Costs, benefits and effectiveness of disaster risk reduction measures.
Presentation made by: Reinhard Mechler, Thomas Schinko, Stefan Hochrainer-Stigler, Finn Laurien
During the webinar, the speakers promoted a set of training materials that is freely available for those interested in learning more about the implementation of NDCs in the agriculture sector in Africa.
More info about the webinar: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/implementing-ndcs-agriculture-sector-across-africa-what-directions-capacity-building#.XxaxH_gzbfZ
Investing in infrastructure: Costs, benefits and effectiveness of disaster risk reduction measures.
Presentation made by:
Sabrina Lavarone
Economist – Economics and Social Science Team
1) Payments for ecosystem services (PES) is one option to correct market failures that cause ecosystems to be neglected, but it faces challenges in implementation related to additionality, conditionality, and voluntary provision.
2) While agri-environment schemes are similar to PES, they are limited in duration, not tied to actual ecosystem service values, and have high administrative costs.
3) For PES to work for peatland management in the UK, greater acceptance, market confidence, and better incentive structures are needed, including better spatial coordination and monitoring to ensure additional ecosystem services. The public sector has an important role to play in supporting PES market creation.
Evaluating the Impact of Community Based DRR ProjectsOECD Governance
Investing in infrastructure: Costs, benefits and effectiveness of disaster risk reduction measures.
Presentation made by:
Jody Springer
Data Analytics
Hazard Mitigation Assistance, Mitigation Division
US Federal Emergency Management Agency
Presentation by Gabriela Weber de Moralis from Finance in Motion at the Low Emissions Advantage event on the sidelines of COP23.
More information about the event series: https://bit.ly/AgAdvantage
Economic Evaluation for Flood Control Investment in JapanOECD Governance
Investing in infrastructure: Costs, benefits and effectiveness of disaster risk reduction measures.
Presentation made by:
Kazushi FURUMOTO
Director for International Coordination of River Engineering
River Planning Division, Water and Disaster Management Bureau
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT), Japan
This module discusses measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) of greenhouse gas emissions and adaptation monitoring and evaluation. It provides an overview of UNFCCC requirements for MRV of emissions and actions, and examines existing guidance for evaluating adaptation efforts. Case studies demonstrate how countries can establish MRV systems for agriculture by developing tier 2 emissions calculations that reflect national circumstances and track impacts of interventions over time. The module also explores challenges in evaluating progress on adaptation due to its multi-dimensional nature and lack of standardized metrics, and presents resources that provide guidance on adaptation indicators and monitoring systems.
During the webinar, the speakers promoted a set of training materials that is freely available for those interested in learning more about the implementation of NDCs in the agriculture sector in Africa.
More info about the webinar: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/implementing-ndcs-agriculture-sector-across-africa-what-directions-capacity-building#.XxaxH_gzbfZ
This document summarizes a virtual workshop on advancing agricultural climate action in West Africa. It included presentations on enhancing agricultural ambition in Nationally Determined Contributions, Nigeria's experience developing a national action plan on short-lived climate pollutants, and implementing agricultural climate actions. The workshop provided an overview of opportunities to reduce agricultural emissions in West Africa through improved livestock management, crop management, land management, and sustainable production and consumption. Presenters discussed tools and approaches for raising agricultural climate ambition in NDCs and supporting national planning processes in Nigeria and other countries in the region.
During the webinar, the speakers promoted a set of training materials that is freely available for those interested in learning more about the implementation of NDCs in the agriculture sector in Africa.
More info about the webinar: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/implementing-ndcs-agriculture-sector-across-africa-what-directions-capacity-building#.XxaxH_gzbfZ
Dutch practice in the context of CBAs and CEAs for FRMOECD Governance
Investing in infrastructure: Costs, benefits and effectiveness of disaster risk reduction measures.
Presentation made by:
Jarl Kind & Cees van de Guchte (Deltares)
The document provides background on the UNFCCC and key climate agreements and processes related to agriculture and nationally determined contributions (NDCs). It discusses the establishment of the UNFCCC and IPCC in the 1980s-1990s, the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, and the Paris Agreement in 2015. It outlines requirements for NDCs and highlights that agriculture is reflected in many initial NDCs submitted, with priorities including adaptation and mitigation measures in the sector. The document emphasizes that agriculture is important for climate adaptation, mitigation and food security, and that support is needed for NDC implementation.
During the webinar, the speakers promoted a set of training materials that is freely available for those interested in learning more about the implementation of NDCs in the agriculture sector in Africa.
More info about the webinar: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/implementing-ndcs-agriculture-sector-across-africa-what-directions-capacity-building#.XxaxH_gzbfZ
This webinar elaborates on the adaptation finance gap in developing countries, identifies the knowledge gaps that impede the capacity of developing countries to scale up financing for adaptation, and discusses ways in which these knowledge gaps might be overcome.
Investing in infrastructure: Costs, benefits and effectiveness of disaster risk reduction measures.
Presentation made by:
Markus Leitner
Environment Agency Austria
Presented by Caroline van Leenders (LNV/RVO), Wijnand Broer (CREM), Roel Nozeman (ASN Bank) and Sylvia Wisniwski (Finance in Motion)
https://events.globallandscapesforum.org/agenda/luxembourg-2019/how-to-measure-the-positive-impact-on-biodiversity-of-an-investment/
Overview of Valuing Nature Network Peatland Project (Mark Reed)Aberdeen CES
This document discusses the need for a project to assess and value peatland ecosystem services for sustainable management. It notes that peatlands are a complex social-ecological system that provide multiple interacting ecosystem services which are difficult to quantify and value. The project aims to 1) identify options for valuing changes in ecosystem services and 2) develop a peatland hub to improve communication between researchers and practitioners to better manage peatlands. The project seeks to provide insights on valuing nature and tools like a peatland carbon code to incentivize investment in climate regulation.
This document summarizes a presentation on applying environmental accounting principles to improve large-scale habitat conservation plans (HCPs). It provides an overview of HCPs, including their requirements and goals. It then discusses how HCPs incorporate some environmental accounting principles, such as defining ecosystem credits and utilizing adaptive management. However, it notes HCPs could be improved by more fully incorporating additional principles like establishing performance metrics focused on environmental outcomes, implementing third-party verification of credits, and ensuring stronger financial and biological safety nets for contingencies. Applying environmental accounting more comprehensively could help justify public funding and support for HCPs.
Assessing the economic value of eco-system based measuresOECD Governance
Investing in infrastructure: Costs, benefits and effectiveness of disaster risk reduction measures.
Presentation made by:
Sabrina Lavarone
Economist – Economics and Social Science Team
Geographies of Evasion and the Prospects for REDDSIANI
This study was presented during the conference “Production and Carbon Dynamics in Sustainable Agricultural and Forest Systems in Africa ” held in September, 2010.
Funding Sources for Manitoban Municipalities’ Green InitiativesNAP Global Network
This document provides an overview of a project to inform Manitoba municipalities about funding sources for green initiatives from the federal government, Federation of Canadian Municipalities, and other sources. It includes case studies of green projects in Yorkton, Saskatchewan and the RM of Minto-Odanah in Manitoba. Current funders that were discussed include Environment and Climate Change Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Infrastructure Canada, and the Green Municipal Fund from the Federation of Canadian Municipalities, which provides funding for initiatives related to energy, land use, transportation, waste, and water. Speakers at the event will provide more details on available funding programs and options.
Developing partnerships between CIFOR and the private plantation sectorCIFOR-ICRAF
This document discusses potential areas of partnership between CIFOR and private plantation sectors, including assessing labor trends, developing company-community partnerships, and addressing other emerging issues like plantation productivity and ecosystem services. CIFOR could provide research expertise and resources to help industries improve management, while gaining access to research sites and ensuring results are applied. Partnerships may assess labor intensity, contracts, and productivity over time, as well as the impacts of energy prices and labor complementarities with local activities. They may also involve increasing local population involvement for land access and diverse community partnership models with various outcomes.
The document discusses trends in international climate finance and frameworks for scaling up climate action. It summarizes statistics on growing climate-related overseas development assistance (ODA) from 2001-2012. Key points include: climate-related ODA reached $21 billion annually from 2010-2012 and mostly supports mitigation; over half of climate finance goes to Asia and a quarter to Africa; and funding is concentrated in sectors like energy, agriculture, and water. The document also outlines challenges around capacity, coordination, and financing integrated climate and development strategies.
This document discusses how to integrate economic and financial analysis into funding proposals for the Green Climate Fund (GCF). It outlines the key differences between financial analysis, which looks at cash flows and revenues/expenditures from the perspective of a single party, and economic analysis, which compares monetary and non-monetary costs and benefits from a societal perspective. The document provides examples of how GCF currently uses economic and financial analysis and recommends basic steps to conduct analyses for agriculture and food security projects.
1) Agriculture is central to Malawi's economy but is vulnerable to increasing climate hazards like droughts and floods.
2) Analysis found that conservation agriculture techniques like minimum soil disturbance (MSD) increased yields, profits, and resilience compared to conventional tillage, especially in drier areas.
3) However, higher costs of MSD may limit smallholder adoption without incentives. Policy and institutional support can help address barriers to scaling up climate-smart agricultural practices in Malawi.
This module discusses measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) of greenhouse gas emissions and adaptation monitoring and evaluation. It provides an overview of UNFCCC requirements for MRV of emissions and actions, and examines existing guidance for evaluating adaptation efforts. Case studies demonstrate how countries can establish MRV systems for agriculture by developing tier 2 emissions calculations that reflect national circumstances and track impacts of interventions over time. The module also explores challenges in evaluating progress on adaptation due to its multi-dimensional nature and lack of standardized metrics, and presents resources that provide guidance on adaptation indicators and monitoring systems.
During the webinar, the speakers promoted a set of training materials that is freely available for those interested in learning more about the implementation of NDCs in the agriculture sector in Africa.
More info about the webinar: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/implementing-ndcs-agriculture-sector-across-africa-what-directions-capacity-building#.XxaxH_gzbfZ
This document summarizes a virtual workshop on advancing agricultural climate action in West Africa. It included presentations on enhancing agricultural ambition in Nationally Determined Contributions, Nigeria's experience developing a national action plan on short-lived climate pollutants, and implementing agricultural climate actions. The workshop provided an overview of opportunities to reduce agricultural emissions in West Africa through improved livestock management, crop management, land management, and sustainable production and consumption. Presenters discussed tools and approaches for raising agricultural climate ambition in NDCs and supporting national planning processes in Nigeria and other countries in the region.
During the webinar, the speakers promoted a set of training materials that is freely available for those interested in learning more about the implementation of NDCs in the agriculture sector in Africa.
More info about the webinar: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/implementing-ndcs-agriculture-sector-across-africa-what-directions-capacity-building#.XxaxH_gzbfZ
Dutch practice in the context of CBAs and CEAs for FRMOECD Governance
Investing in infrastructure: Costs, benefits and effectiveness of disaster risk reduction measures.
Presentation made by:
Jarl Kind & Cees van de Guchte (Deltares)
The document provides background on the UNFCCC and key climate agreements and processes related to agriculture and nationally determined contributions (NDCs). It discusses the establishment of the UNFCCC and IPCC in the 1980s-1990s, the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, and the Paris Agreement in 2015. It outlines requirements for NDCs and highlights that agriculture is reflected in many initial NDCs submitted, with priorities including adaptation and mitigation measures in the sector. The document emphasizes that agriculture is important for climate adaptation, mitigation and food security, and that support is needed for NDC implementation.
During the webinar, the speakers promoted a set of training materials that is freely available for those interested in learning more about the implementation of NDCs in the agriculture sector in Africa.
More info about the webinar: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/implementing-ndcs-agriculture-sector-across-africa-what-directions-capacity-building#.XxaxH_gzbfZ
This webinar elaborates on the adaptation finance gap in developing countries, identifies the knowledge gaps that impede the capacity of developing countries to scale up financing for adaptation, and discusses ways in which these knowledge gaps might be overcome.
Investing in infrastructure: Costs, benefits and effectiveness of disaster risk reduction measures.
Presentation made by:
Markus Leitner
Environment Agency Austria
Presented by Caroline van Leenders (LNV/RVO), Wijnand Broer (CREM), Roel Nozeman (ASN Bank) and Sylvia Wisniwski (Finance in Motion)
https://events.globallandscapesforum.org/agenda/luxembourg-2019/how-to-measure-the-positive-impact-on-biodiversity-of-an-investment/
Overview of Valuing Nature Network Peatland Project (Mark Reed)Aberdeen CES
This document discusses the need for a project to assess and value peatland ecosystem services for sustainable management. It notes that peatlands are a complex social-ecological system that provide multiple interacting ecosystem services which are difficult to quantify and value. The project aims to 1) identify options for valuing changes in ecosystem services and 2) develop a peatland hub to improve communication between researchers and practitioners to better manage peatlands. The project seeks to provide insights on valuing nature and tools like a peatland carbon code to incentivize investment in climate regulation.
This document summarizes a presentation on applying environmental accounting principles to improve large-scale habitat conservation plans (HCPs). It provides an overview of HCPs, including their requirements and goals. It then discusses how HCPs incorporate some environmental accounting principles, such as defining ecosystem credits and utilizing adaptive management. However, it notes HCPs could be improved by more fully incorporating additional principles like establishing performance metrics focused on environmental outcomes, implementing third-party verification of credits, and ensuring stronger financial and biological safety nets for contingencies. Applying environmental accounting more comprehensively could help justify public funding and support for HCPs.
Assessing the economic value of eco-system based measuresOECD Governance
Investing in infrastructure: Costs, benefits and effectiveness of disaster risk reduction measures.
Presentation made by:
Sabrina Lavarone
Economist – Economics and Social Science Team
Geographies of Evasion and the Prospects for REDDSIANI
This study was presented during the conference “Production and Carbon Dynamics in Sustainable Agricultural and Forest Systems in Africa ” held in September, 2010.
Funding Sources for Manitoban Municipalities’ Green InitiativesNAP Global Network
This document provides an overview of a project to inform Manitoba municipalities about funding sources for green initiatives from the federal government, Federation of Canadian Municipalities, and other sources. It includes case studies of green projects in Yorkton, Saskatchewan and the RM of Minto-Odanah in Manitoba. Current funders that were discussed include Environment and Climate Change Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Infrastructure Canada, and the Green Municipal Fund from the Federation of Canadian Municipalities, which provides funding for initiatives related to energy, land use, transportation, waste, and water. Speakers at the event will provide more details on available funding programs and options.
Developing partnerships between CIFOR and the private plantation sectorCIFOR-ICRAF
This document discusses potential areas of partnership between CIFOR and private plantation sectors, including assessing labor trends, developing company-community partnerships, and addressing other emerging issues like plantation productivity and ecosystem services. CIFOR could provide research expertise and resources to help industries improve management, while gaining access to research sites and ensuring results are applied. Partnerships may assess labor intensity, contracts, and productivity over time, as well as the impacts of energy prices and labor complementarities with local activities. They may also involve increasing local population involvement for land access and diverse community partnership models with various outcomes.
The document discusses trends in international climate finance and frameworks for scaling up climate action. It summarizes statistics on growing climate-related overseas development assistance (ODA) from 2001-2012. Key points include: climate-related ODA reached $21 billion annually from 2010-2012 and mostly supports mitigation; over half of climate finance goes to Asia and a quarter to Africa; and funding is concentrated in sectors like energy, agriculture, and water. The document also outlines challenges around capacity, coordination, and financing integrated climate and development strategies.
This document discusses how to integrate economic and financial analysis into funding proposals for the Green Climate Fund (GCF). It outlines the key differences between financial analysis, which looks at cash flows and revenues/expenditures from the perspective of a single party, and economic analysis, which compares monetary and non-monetary costs and benefits from a societal perspective. The document provides examples of how GCF currently uses economic and financial analysis and recommends basic steps to conduct analyses for agriculture and food security projects.
1) Agriculture is central to Malawi's economy but is vulnerable to increasing climate hazards like droughts and floods.
2) Analysis found that conservation agriculture techniques like minimum soil disturbance (MSD) increased yields, profits, and resilience compared to conventional tillage, especially in drier areas.
3) However, higher costs of MSD may limit smallholder adoption without incentives. Policy and institutional support can help address barriers to scaling up climate-smart agricultural practices in Malawi.
Presented by Lini Wollenberg, CCAFS Low Emissions Development, at the GIZ expert meeting on How to realize the potential of soil carbon benefits? Practical pathways for achieving impact on 28 April 2020.
National Adaptation Plans Thailand - Examples of MCA application in various c...UNDP Climate
So far, two UNDP-hosted workshops (June and October 2017) – attended by over 70 officials from departments under MoAC – have focused on prioritization for adaptation planning, using multi-criteria analysis (MCA); and developing a preliminary screening system for ranking and fine-tuning ongoing climate-sensitive projects and programmes.
The workshop in June focused on providing an overview of MCA as a tool to priority actions. Participants gained a better appreciation of the process and key steps involved, as well as its strengths and limitations in the context of climate adaptation planning. Feedback and key insights were also gained by MOAC on how MCA could be used in the context of implementing Thailand’s new sectoral climate change strategy (ACCSP).
In a follow-up workshop in October, participants learned the key steps to apply tools and methods in the context of their work.
After identifying key areas from the revised five-year Agricultural Climate Change Strategic Plan 2017-2021, MoAC’s is enhancing its capacity with the support of the NAP-Ag programme to to prioritize these activities, which will be funded under the Ministry’s annual budgetary cycle and put forward to international climate funds.
Low Emissions Development Strategies (LEDS) Training Sept 9, 2013IFPRI-EPTD
Globally, agriculture is responsible for 10 – 14% of GHG emissions and largest source of no-CO2 GHG emissions. Countries can choose among a portfolio of growth-inducing technologies with different emission characteristics. We believe that is less costly to avoid high-emissions lock-in than replace high-emissions technologies. There's a need to encourage Low Emission Development Strategies.
Seth Shames, EcoAgriculture Partners. Learning Event number 2, Session 1 in Room A. What are the financing possibilities for CSA in Africa and what role might there be for carbon finance.
Case studies on economic appraisal of adaptation options in some countriesNAP Events
Presented by: Paul Watkiss
8.4 Case studies on economic appraisal of adaptation options
This session will build on the plenary presentation on economic appraisal to go into detail about some of the methods that countries can use to appraise their adaptation options. The methods used in the recent UNEP adaptation finance gap report will set the scene for discussion of how the regional approaches can be reconciled with national efforts to estimate costs for adaptation.
Increasing the storage of carbon in the soil has been a controversial strategy for addressing climate change mitigation. What is the potential and why is there debate about this? How can we push beyond the debate to constructive action?
Lini Wollenberg, a Gund Fellow, is an anthropologist and natural resource management specialist concerned with rural livelihoods and the environment. She currently leads a research program on Low Emissions Agricultural Development for the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), based at the University of Vermont. Her work seeks to identify options for reducing the impacts of agricultural development and land use on the climate, while also improving livelihoods for the poor in developing countries.
This presentation was given by Lini Wollenberg, CCAFS, on September 11, 2020 as part of the GundxChange Series.
The document discusses green growth in Asia. It outlines how Asia is projected to be the world's engine of economic growth in the 21st century. However, significant environmental changes are still needed despite commitments made over a decade ago. The document then discusses green growth, describing it as seeing environmental protection as a driver for economic growth rather than an impediment. It also outlines four pillars for green growth agreed upon in Asia: eco-tax reforms, sustainable infrastructure, greening production and services, and sustainable consumption. Major countries like India, China, South Korea, and Japan are highlighted as taking steps toward green growth policies.
ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN CLIMATE CHAGE_OWITIZablone Owiti
1. The document discusses the role of technology and policy in climate change mitigation and adaptation. It provides examples of how innovation can help reduce emissions through technologies like renewable energy as well as help communities adapt to climate impacts through technologies like drought-resistant crops and water harvesting.
2. Barriers to climate technology innovation include a lack of incentives for private investment when environmental impacts aren't priced. The document argues for policies like carbon pricing to boost green innovation by creating demand.
3. The National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation (NACOSTI) supports climate technology development through a Science, Technology and Innovation grant program that has funded over 1000 research and innovation projects in Kenya.
Agroforestry systems can deliver a multitude of benefits (market and non market) simultaneously Change processes need to empower the people most affected if they are to be sustainable We must embrace complexity and diversity
Andrew John DOUGILL "Soil organic carbon, poverty alleviation, climate smart ...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
This document summarizes lessons learned from community-based payment for ecosystem service projects that aim to deliver benefits of carbon storage and poverty reduction. It finds that institutional characteristics like strong local institutions, clear land tenure systems, and community control over decision-making are important for project success. Additionally, flexible up-front payment schemes and defining project boundaries that recognize complex land tenure are needed. Developing locally appropriate monitoring systems to assess benefits and enable carbon storage verification is also key.
1) Green economy models can help analyze proposed policies and investments across economic, social, and environmental sectors to assess their system-wide impacts.
2) These models simplify reality but aim to capture key interrelationships and patterns of change. They are customized based on the issues and context being examined.
3) Results showed green scenarios outperforming business-as-usual and brown development in terms of long-term growth, resilience, and sustainability by increasing resource efficiency.
This document discusses a proposed decision support system (DSS) to improve agricultural productivity in India. The key points are:
1) Agricultural productivity and GDP from agriculture have declined in India in recent decades due to issues like poor techniques, inadequate infrastructure, and illiteracy.
2) The proposed solution is a DSS that would utilize data, models, and decision rules to provide implementable recommendations to farmers and policymakers to improve crop yields and decision making.
3) The DSS would be implemented through data gathering, analysis, deliberation between stakeholders, and scenario analysis to develop recommendations that are then conveyed to farmers for improved agricultural practices.
Similar to Addressing soil erosion through policy and economic assessments (20)
The ICRAF Soil-Plant Spectral Diagnostics Laboratory in Kenya operates 1 spectral reference laboratory and provides technical support to 30 labs in 17 countries. It has helped build capacities for private mobile testing services and is working on developing handheld near-infrared spectrometers. The lab specializes in customized solutions, standard operating procedures, project planning, soil and plant health monitoring, and spectral technology support and training. It aims to improve end-to-end spectral advisory software and develop low-cost handheld devices. Through GLOSOLAN, the lab hopes to standardize dry spectroscopy methods, protocols, and data analysis globally.
The National Soil Testing Center (NSTC) in Ethiopia has 18 soil analysis laboratories in various government ministries. The presenter, Fikre Mekuria, notes that the NSTC's strengths are its analytical service delivery, training, and research on soil microbiology and fertility. Areas for improvement include capacity building, sample exchange/quality control, and accreditation to international standards. The presenter's expectations for the meeting and GLOSOLAN network are to develop competency in soil/plant/water/fertilizer analysis, have periodic country member meetings, and share experiences.
Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are important to have in writing to ensure quality and consistency. Quality assurance (QA) policies aim to prevent errors and ensure standards, while quality control (QC) checks that standards are being met. This poster exercise divides participants into groups to discuss why SOPs are important, what quality assurance entails, whether an organization has a QA policy and how it is implemented, and how quality control is performed.
This document provides an overview of the status of soil laboratories in AFRILAB based on information received from various sources, including ZimLabs, AgLabs, the University of Zimbabwe lab, University of Nottingham, British Geological Survey, Chemistry and Soil Research Institute RS-DFID, WEPAL-ISE, WEPAL-IPE, University of Texas A&M, AgriLASA, BIPEA, CORESTA, University of Texas A&M (who provided testimony of satisfaction), and TUNAC (who provided accreditation). The document thanks the reader for their attention.
Item 9: Soil mapping to support sustainable agricultureExternalEvents
SOIL ATLAS OF ASIA
2ND EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING
RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
JEONJU, REPUBLIC OF KOREA | 29 APRIL – 3 MAY 2019
Markus Anda (Indonesia)
Item 8: WRB, World Reference Base for Soil ResoucesExternalEvents
SOIL ATLAS OF ASIA
2ND EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING
RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
JEONJU, REPUBLIC OF KOREA | 29 APRIL – 3 MAY 2019
Satira Udomsri (Thailand)
- Nepal has been working to systematically classify its soils since 1957, completing surveys of 55 districts by 1983, though some high hill districts remained unsurveyed for a long time.
- In 1998 and 2014, soil maps of Nepal were prepared using the USDA and WRB soil classification systems, respectively. Around 6000 soil profiles were studied from five physiographic regions.
- The data from 158 representative soil profiles were analyzed and converted to fit the HWSD format using formulas from Batjes et al. 2017 to standardize the data into layers from 0-30 cm and 30-100 cm.
- Major soils identified include Calcaric Fluvisols, Eutric Gleysols, Calcaric Ph
Item 6: International Center for Biosaline AgricultureExternalEvents
SOIL ATLAS OF ASIA
2ND EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING
RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
JEONJU, REPUBLIC OF KOREA | 29 APRIL – 3 MAY 2019
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
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Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
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How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
3. The value of soil
• We are often unaware of the value of soil
and its ecosystem services until it is too
late and soil has been eroded
• Valuation can identify costs and benefits
of different options and identify where
policy support is needed to help
stakeholders to manage soils more
sustainably
3
4. Economics of soil erosion
• Most soil management results in
erosion rates > background rates where no cultivation
• Soil conservation implies redistributing resource use rates
into the future
• Soil erosion implies redistributing resource use rates
towards the present
4
5. Farmer perspectives
• Direct costs, e.g. labour, materials,
equipment, structures for both
initiation and maintenance
• Opportunity costs e.g. foregone
output that land taken for erosion
control could have been used for
• Benefits come from soil as an asset
that provides income, so can be
assessed using e.g. yields,
representing gains in production
and income into the future
5
6. • Cost benefit analysis (CBA) compares costs and benefits of the
consequences of soil erosion and any steps taken to reduce it
• Cost and benefits accrue to all members of society, not just
farmers
• Farmers are concerned with on-site costs and benefits; society
with off-site, external costs
• Externalities occur during production or consumption, e.g. soil
erosion on farmland leads to downstream sedimentation,
while upstream soil conservation creates a positive externality
• Externalities are not reflected in market prices or farmer
decision making, yet have an economic value
Scale matters…
6
7. Assessing the costs and benefits of
soil conservation in Kenya
• For a given soil conservation practice, implemented over a
defined area of land for a specified period of time:
• Calculate costs
• Calculate benefits
• Discount future costs & benefits
• Calculate a net present value and return on investment
period
• Does it makes financial sense for farmers to invest
in soil conservation?
7
8. Lake Victoria
Lake Kanyaboli
Lake Sare
Lake Namboyo
Lake Victoria
SIAYA
BUNGOMA
KAKAMEGA
Western Kenya case study
Dallimer et al 2018
8
• Focus on most common crops
in the most widespread agro-
ecological zone
• Stratified random sample of 60
smallholder (1-2ha)
subsistence farmers
• Time horizon 2015-2030,
paralleling Kenya’s Vision 2030
• Discount costs and benefits to
present values using three
discount rates: 3.5%, 5%, 10%
11. Terraces
Bungoma
Kakamega
Siaya
Return on
investment:
payback period
highly variable
Farmers in Siaya
do not see their
investment
repaid
12. Agroforestry
Bungoma
Kakamega
Siaya
Only for certain
discount rates in
Kakamega is
investment
repaid
Farmers in
Bungoma and
Siaya will not see
a return on their
investment in the
time periods
assessed
13. Policy suggestions
Policy should target promoting the right soil
conservation practices to the right areas
Promote simple, low cost, practices for
maximum impact on individual farmers
Policy needs to recognise wider societal gains
and ensure farmers do not carry all the costs
Subsidy schemes
Payments for ecosystem services
14. Landform Soil depthLand use Distance to
stream
Slope
Applicable
Not applicable
SPA01 Reduced
contour tillage
SPA04 Boqueras
water harvesting
Aggregate
applicability
DESMICE – Applicability limitations of
soil conservation strategies (Fleskens et al 2016; 2014)
15. The standard cost reported for TUN11 is 50 US$
ha-1 for fencing. An allowance was made for
transport costs of fencing material (up to
US$3.36) and slope (up to US$3.00). The
resulting map of investment costs ranges from
US$ 50.11 (blue) – US$ 54.91 (red)
TUN11 Rangeland resting
Spatial variability in investment costs
16. [A – B – C + D] =
Annual cash flow series for
each technology and grid cell
Production
foregone
without case
X Value (€)
X Value (€)
Foregone
costs of:
- Production
Costs of:
- Production
- Maintenance
- Other (e.g.
area loss)
DC
BAProduction
with applied
technology
Cash flow series are constructed for
each grid cell
17. • Terraces are simulated in a sub-grid
model
• Sub-grid model returns simple output
to grid cells
SPA02 Vegetated earthen terraces
Simulation of biophysical effects of e.g.
terraces
19. Do we just need more research?
• Having economic information on costs of soil erosion,
inaction and value of benefits helps, but isn’t a
solution on its own
• Challenges link to a combination of overlapping
barriers, specifics of which differ according to each
country:
Political and institutional
Capacity and resourcing
Social and cultural
Legal and regulatory
19
20. Whose responsibility?
Barriers: Political and institutional; Capacity and resourcing;
Legal and regulatory
• Soils cross-cut the remit of multiple ministries and
departments
• Difficult to avoid conflicts and contradictions
• Requires leadership but also strong interplay and
coordination
• Other stakeholders (e.g. media, private sector) can be useful
allies but may also have counter-interests and act as
barriers, especially if mainstreaming soil erosion into policy
challenges established political-economic interests
21. Knowledge, tools, data and
information deficits
Barriers: Capacity and resourcing; Social and cultural
• Mismatches between supply and demand
• Lack of collaboration and knowledge /information sharing
• Scale of knowledge and data not always appropriate
• Local and indigenous knowledge often undervalued
• Substantial training opportunities provided but staff move
leaving institutional voids. Knowledge and information not
always passed on
22. What do policymakers need to know?
• Need to match supply and demand for knowledge, tools,
data and information
• Information needs to be available, visible, accessible and
compatible with policy processes (Stringer and Dougill,
2013)
• Compatibility links to policy cycles as well as the format of
information – build from the strengths, don’t start with
criticism
24. Lessons for policy
• Options exist that reduce soil erosion and tools are
available to assess their economic feasibility
• Low cost measures that deliver ‘quick wins’ are
preferred by farmers and can help reach policy goals
• Design and opportunity costs need full consideration
before rolling out policy measures
• CBA can be applied spatially to examine the
profitability of different measures and what this might
mean for farmer adoption
• Research alone is not enough: supply and demand for
information need to be balanced and barriers to
addressing soil erosion in policy need to be overcome
24
25. Acknowledgements
Thank you to Martin Dallimer and Luuk Fleskens for their inputs to this
presentation; GIZ who funded the Kenya case study and the Economics of
Land Degradation Initiative; and to the EU who funded the work on
PESERA-DESMICE
References
Dallimer M, Stringer LC, Orchard SE, Osano P, Njoroge G, Wen C, Gicheru P. 2018.Who uses sustainable
land management practices and what are the costs and benefits? Insights from Kenya. Land
Degradation and Development 29(9), 2822-2835
Fleskens L, Nainggolan D, Stringer LC. 2014. An exploration of scenarios to support sustainable land
management using integrated environmental socio-economic models. Environmental
Management 54, 1005-1021
Fleskens L, Kirkby MJ, Irvine BJ. 2016. The PESERA-DESMICE modelling framework for spatial
assessment of the physical impact and economic viability of land degradation mitigation technologies.
Frontiers in Environmental Science 4:31
Stringer LC, Dougill AJ. 2013. Channelling science into policy: enabling best practices from research on
land degradation and sustainable land management in dryland Africa. J Environ Management 114,
328-335
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