During the webinar, the speakers promoted a set of training materials that is freely available for those interested in learning more about the implementation of NDCs in the agriculture sector in Africa.
More info about the webinar: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/implementing-ndcs-agriculture-sector-across-africa-what-directions-capacity-building#.XxaxH_gzbfZ
Agriculture in developing countries must undergo a significant transformation in order to meet the related challenges of achieving food security and responding to climate change. Projections based on population growth and food consumption patterns indicate that agricultural production will need to increase by at least 70 percent to meet demands by 2050. Most estimates also indicate that climate change is likely to reduce agricultural productivity, production stability and incomes in some areas that already have high levels of food insecurity. Developing climate-smart agriculture is thus crucial to achieving future food security and climate change goals. This seminar describe an approach to deal with the above issue viz. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) and also examines some of the key technical, institutional, policy and financial responses required to achieve this transformation. Building on cases from the field, the seminar try to outlines a range of practices, approaches and tools aimed at increase the resilience and productivity of agricultural product systems, while also reducing and removing emissions. A part of the seminar elaborates institutional and policy options available to promote the transition to climate-smart agriculture at the smallholder level. Finally, the paper considers current gaps and makes innovative suggestion regarding the combined use of different sources, financing mechanism and delivery systems.
Presentation by Stefan Frank, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)
International conference on agricultural emissions and food security: Connecting research to policy and practice
10-13 September 2018
Berlin, Germany
Agriculture in developing countries must undergo a significant transformation in order to meet the related challenges of achieving food security and responding to climate change. Projections based on population growth and food consumption patterns indicate that agricultural production will need to increase by at least 70 percent to meet demands by 2050. Most estimates also indicate that climate change is likely to reduce agricultural productivity, production stability and incomes in some areas that already have high levels of food insecurity. Developing climate-smart agriculture is thus crucial to achieving future food security and climate change goals. This seminar describe an approach to deal with the above issue viz. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) and also examines some of the key technical, institutional, policy and financial responses required to achieve this transformation. Building on cases from the field, the seminar try to outlines a range of practices, approaches and tools aimed at increase the resilience and productivity of agricultural product systems, while also reducing and removing emissions. A part of the seminar elaborates institutional and policy options available to promote the transition to climate-smart agriculture at the smallholder level. Finally, the paper considers current gaps and makes innovative suggestion regarding the combined use of different sources, financing mechanism and delivery systems.
Presentation by Stefan Frank, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)
International conference on agricultural emissions and food security: Connecting research to policy and practice
10-13 September 2018
Berlin, Germany
Climate change and Agriculture: Impact Aadaptation and MitigationPragyaNaithani
Climate change refers to a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its Variability, persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer). For the past some decades, the gaseous composition of earth’s atmosphere is undergoing a significant change, largely through increased emissions from energy, industry and agriculture sectors; widespread deforestation as well as fast changes in land use and land management practices. These anthropogenic activities are resulting in an increased emission of radiatively active gases, viz. carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), popularly known as the ‘greenhouse gases’ (GHGs)
These GHGs trap the outgoing infrared radiations from the earth’s surface and thus raise the temperature of the atmosphere. The global mean annual temperature at the end of the 20th century, as a result of GHG accumulation in the atmosphere, has increased by 0.4–0.7 ºC above that recorded at the end of the 19th century. The past 50 years have shown an increasing trend in temperature @ 0.13 °C/decade, while the rise in temperature during the past one and half decades has been much higher. The Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change has projected the temperature increase to be between 1.1 °C and 6.4 °C by the end of the 21st Century (IPCC, 2007). The global warming is expected to lead to other regional and global changes in the climate-related parameters such as rainfall, soil moisture, and sea level. Snow cover is also reported to be gradually decreasing.
Therefore, concerted efforts are required for mitigation and adaptation to reduce the vulnerability of agriculture to the adverse impacts of climate change and making it more resilient.
The adaptive capacity of poor farmers is limited because of subsistence agriculture and low level of formal education. Therefore, simple, economically viable and culturally acceptable adaptation strategies have to be developed and implemented. Furthermore, the transfer of knowledge as well as access to social, economic, institutional, and technical resources need to be provided and integrated within the existing resources of farmers.
How to achieve climate-smart agriculture and the potential triple-win that can be achieved from these practices such as adaptation, mitigation and increasing livelihoods.
www.fao.org/climatechange/epic
This presentation was prepared to provide a general overview of Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) and the EPIC programme. After providing a definition of CSA, the presentation focuses on Sustainable Land Management and the role of climate finance to support CSA. It concludes with a description of the FAO-EC project on CSA.
Presentation by PK Joshi, International Food Policy Research Institute, at the CCAFS Workshop on Institutions and Policies to Scale out Climate Smart Agriculture held between 2-5 December 2013, in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
CONTENTS= Weather, Climate, climate change, Global climate change, Global warming, Factors Affecting climate, Vulnerability of agriculture to climate change, Agriculture and climate change is a three-fold relationship, Influence of agriculture in climate change, Impacts of climate change on agriculture, What can be done? , Conclusion
The climate-smart village : a model developed by CCAFS program to improve the adaptive capacity of communities
Presented by Dr Robert Zougmoré, Regional Program Leader, CCAFS West Africa. Africa Agriculture Science Week 6, 15 July 2013, Accra, Ghana. http://ccafs.cgiar.org/events/15/jul/2013/africa-agriculture-science-week-2013
At the Africa Agriculture Science Week AASW 15-20 July, the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Head of Research Sonja Vermeulen gave a presentation on Climate-Smart Agriculture for an African context.
Agriculture has been and continues to be the most important sector in Indian economy. Climate change is one of the most important environmental issues facing the world today. The impact of climate change is a reality and it cuts across all climates sensitive sectors including the Agriculture sector. In this situation this seminar focuses on the climate smart agriculture. CSA brings together practices, policies and institutions that are not necessarily new but are used in the context of climatic changes which is prime requirement in arena of climate change. Farmers possessed low level of knowledge regarding climate change, and they adopted traditional methods to mitigate the impact of climate change. Small land holdings, poor extension services and non availability of stress tolerant verities were the major problems faced by the farmers in adoption to climate change. Extension functionaries were having medium level awareness about impact of climate change on agriculture. They used electronic media, training and conferences and seminars as major sources of information for climate change. They need training on climate smart agriculture aspects. Based on the above facts this presentation focuses on analyzing the opportunities and challenges of climate smart agriculture.
Climate change, its impact on agriculture and mitigation strategiesVasu Dev Meena
According to IPCC (2007) “Climate change refers to a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its Variability, persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer)”.
Climate change has adverse impacts on agriculture, hydropower, forest management and biodiversity.
In the long run, the climatic change could affect agriculture in several ways such as quantity and quality of crops in terms of productivity, growth rates, photosynthesis and transpiration rates, moisture availability etc.
Climate change directly affect food production across the globe.
The presentation presented the the Climate Change Conference in Korea, organized by Department of climate change, Kyungpook National University, Daegu. It describes the policy and practice of climate in Nepal in particular reference to the Agriculture.
Presentation by Mei Xie, Ph.D working for the World Bank - Climate Change Group. Presented during a pre - SBSTA meeting on CSA Alliance: Building Climate Change Resilience in Africa held on 30th May 2014 in Bonn, Germany http://ccafs.cgiar.org/csa-alliance-building-climate-change-resilience-africa#.U42GUihCCTs
Climate change and Agriculture: Impact Aadaptation and MitigationPragyaNaithani
Climate change refers to a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its Variability, persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer). For the past some decades, the gaseous composition of earth’s atmosphere is undergoing a significant change, largely through increased emissions from energy, industry and agriculture sectors; widespread deforestation as well as fast changes in land use and land management practices. These anthropogenic activities are resulting in an increased emission of radiatively active gases, viz. carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), popularly known as the ‘greenhouse gases’ (GHGs)
These GHGs trap the outgoing infrared radiations from the earth’s surface and thus raise the temperature of the atmosphere. The global mean annual temperature at the end of the 20th century, as a result of GHG accumulation in the atmosphere, has increased by 0.4–0.7 ºC above that recorded at the end of the 19th century. The past 50 years have shown an increasing trend in temperature @ 0.13 °C/decade, while the rise in temperature during the past one and half decades has been much higher. The Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change has projected the temperature increase to be between 1.1 °C and 6.4 °C by the end of the 21st Century (IPCC, 2007). The global warming is expected to lead to other regional and global changes in the climate-related parameters such as rainfall, soil moisture, and sea level. Snow cover is also reported to be gradually decreasing.
Therefore, concerted efforts are required for mitigation and adaptation to reduce the vulnerability of agriculture to the adverse impacts of climate change and making it more resilient.
The adaptive capacity of poor farmers is limited because of subsistence agriculture and low level of formal education. Therefore, simple, economically viable and culturally acceptable adaptation strategies have to be developed and implemented. Furthermore, the transfer of knowledge as well as access to social, economic, institutional, and technical resources need to be provided and integrated within the existing resources of farmers.
How to achieve climate-smart agriculture and the potential triple-win that can be achieved from these practices such as adaptation, mitigation and increasing livelihoods.
www.fao.org/climatechange/epic
This presentation was prepared to provide a general overview of Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) and the EPIC programme. After providing a definition of CSA, the presentation focuses on Sustainable Land Management and the role of climate finance to support CSA. It concludes with a description of the FAO-EC project on CSA.
Presentation by PK Joshi, International Food Policy Research Institute, at the CCAFS Workshop on Institutions and Policies to Scale out Climate Smart Agriculture held between 2-5 December 2013, in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
CONTENTS= Weather, Climate, climate change, Global climate change, Global warming, Factors Affecting climate, Vulnerability of agriculture to climate change, Agriculture and climate change is a three-fold relationship, Influence of agriculture in climate change, Impacts of climate change on agriculture, What can be done? , Conclusion
The climate-smart village : a model developed by CCAFS program to improve the adaptive capacity of communities
Presented by Dr Robert Zougmoré, Regional Program Leader, CCAFS West Africa. Africa Agriculture Science Week 6, 15 July 2013, Accra, Ghana. http://ccafs.cgiar.org/events/15/jul/2013/africa-agriculture-science-week-2013
At the Africa Agriculture Science Week AASW 15-20 July, the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Head of Research Sonja Vermeulen gave a presentation on Climate-Smart Agriculture for an African context.
Agriculture has been and continues to be the most important sector in Indian economy. Climate change is one of the most important environmental issues facing the world today. The impact of climate change is a reality and it cuts across all climates sensitive sectors including the Agriculture sector. In this situation this seminar focuses on the climate smart agriculture. CSA brings together practices, policies and institutions that are not necessarily new but are used in the context of climatic changes which is prime requirement in arena of climate change. Farmers possessed low level of knowledge regarding climate change, and they adopted traditional methods to mitigate the impact of climate change. Small land holdings, poor extension services and non availability of stress tolerant verities were the major problems faced by the farmers in adoption to climate change. Extension functionaries were having medium level awareness about impact of climate change on agriculture. They used electronic media, training and conferences and seminars as major sources of information for climate change. They need training on climate smart agriculture aspects. Based on the above facts this presentation focuses on analyzing the opportunities and challenges of climate smart agriculture.
Climate change, its impact on agriculture and mitigation strategiesVasu Dev Meena
According to IPCC (2007) “Climate change refers to a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its Variability, persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer)”.
Climate change has adverse impacts on agriculture, hydropower, forest management and biodiversity.
In the long run, the climatic change could affect agriculture in several ways such as quantity and quality of crops in terms of productivity, growth rates, photosynthesis and transpiration rates, moisture availability etc.
Climate change directly affect food production across the globe.
The presentation presented the the Climate Change Conference in Korea, organized by Department of climate change, Kyungpook National University, Daegu. It describes the policy and practice of climate in Nepal in particular reference to the Agriculture.
Presentation by Mei Xie, Ph.D working for the World Bank - Climate Change Group. Presented during a pre - SBSTA meeting on CSA Alliance: Building Climate Change Resilience in Africa held on 30th May 2014 in Bonn, Germany http://ccafs.cgiar.org/csa-alliance-building-climate-change-resilience-africa#.U42GUihCCTs
CCCXG Global Forum March 2017 CIF experience in financing long-term low GHG ...OECD Environment
CCCXG Global Forum March 2017 CIF experience in financing long-term low GHG emission development strategies and enhancing climate resilience by Chris Head
14th Annual Meeting of the Inter-Agency Donor Group (IADG)
on pro-poor livestock research and development
“Development of Livestock Value Chains through strengthened
Public-Private Cooperation”
sponsored by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)
May 22-24, 2013, Berlin
Presentació de Sonia Medina, Directora de Canvi Climàtic. Children’s Investment Fund
Foundation en el marc del Side Event “Practical approach to climate finance" organitzat per l'Oficina Catalana del Canvi Climàtic i ACCIÓ de la Generalitat de Catalunya durant la Carbon Expo 2015
Study on Agriculture Finance & Agriculture Insurance in Microfinance | GIBS B...PradeepKhadaria
Agriculture finance and agricultural insurance are strategically important for eradicating
extreme poverty and boosting share prosperity. Globally, there are an estimated 500 million
small holder farming households representing 2.5 billion people- relying to varying degrees,
on agricultural production for the livelihoods. The benefit of our work includes the following:
growing don’t come off farmers and agricultural SMEs through commercialization and
access to better technologies, increasing resilience through climate smart productions, risk
diversification and access to financial tools and smoothing the transition of non-commercial
farmers out of agriculture and facilitating the consolidation of farms, assets and production
Leveraging on Private Sector Development Window to unlock private sector fund...robert muendo
The presentation shows how Kenya can increase her attractiveness to private investors through policy change, infrastructure support and climate resilience action in order to unlock potential for smallholder farming.
Development finance to enable agricultural transformationMichael Shaw
More than half (57%) of workers in #africa work in agriculture and 80% of rural people rely on agriculture as their main income source.
Finance is critical for moving nations up the economic ladder. Yet despite agriculture’s importance in Africa, limited investment is being made in the sector. Where most transformational, such financing has often been concessional (i.e. it doesn‘t fully price for risk).
Gatsby Africa wanted to understand the potential for development finance to transform sectors in Africa and the role this could play in achieving the SDGs, with a special focus on agriculture.
Wellspring looked at sectors that have been successfully transformed to assess the role finance played, alongside other key factors. We considered the extent that different types of finance are available for agriculture, given its importance to achieving the #sdgs. And we presented ideas to increase the types of finance needed to support agricultural sector transformation in Africa.
https://wellspring-development.com/
Impact investment is a strategy to align the power of private markets to the social and environmental development needs of society at-large. From 2012-13, the Rockefeller Foundation, through its Impact Investing initiative, funded research in five Sub-Saharan African countries with the aim of understanding the barriers for impact investing across Africa, as well as recommending national policies to encourage the growth of the industry. This report synthesizes the findings of that work, examining the potential of impact investing as a ‘strategy of choice’ for African policymakers.
The Accelerating Impact of CGIAR Climate Research for Africa (AICCRA) project works to deliver a climate-smart African future driven by science and innovation in agriculture.
AICCRA does this by enhancing access to climate information services and climate-smart agricultural technology to millions of smallholder farmers in Africa.
With better access to climate technology and advisory services—linked to information about effective response measures—farmers can better anticipate climate-related events and take preventative action that help communities better safeguard their livelihoods and the environment.
AICCRA is supported by a grant from the International Development Association (IDA) of the World Bank, which is used to enhance research and capacity-building activities by the CGIAR centers and initiatives as well as their partners in Africa.
About IDA: IDA helps the world’s poorest countries by providing grants and low to zero-interest loans for projects and programmes that boost economic growth, reduce poverty, and improve poor people’s lives.
IDA is one of the largest sources of assistance for the world’s 76 poorest countries, 39 of which are in Africa.
Annual IDA commitments have averaged about $21 billion over circa 2017-2020, with approximately 61 percent going to Africa.
This presentation was given on 27 October 2021 by Mengpin Ge, Global Climate Program Associate at WRI, during the webinar "Achieving NDC Ambition in Agriculture" organized by CCAFS, FAO and WRI.
Find the recording and more information here: https://bit.ly/AchievingNDCs
This presentation was given on 27 October 2021 by Sabrina Rose, Policy Consultant at CCAFS, during the webinar "Achieving NDC Ambition in Agriculture" organized by CCAFS, FAO and WRI.
Find the recording and more information here: https://bit.ly/AchievingNDCs
This presentation was given on 27 October 2021 by Krystal Crumpler, Climate Change and Agricultural Specialist at FAO, during the webinar "Achieving NDC Ambition in Agriculture" organized by CCAFS, FAO and WRI.
Find the recording and more information here: https://bit.ly/AchievingNDCs
This presentation was meant to be included in the 2021 CLIFF-GRADS Welcome Webinar and presented by Ciniro Costa Jr. (CCAFS).
The webinar recording can be found here: https://youtu.be/UoX6aoC4fhQ
The multilevel CSA monitoring set of standard core uptake and outcome indicators + expanded indicators linked to a rapid and reliable ICT based data collection instrument to systematically
assess and monitor:
- CSA Adoption/ Access to CIS
- CSA effects on food security and livelihoods household level)
- CSA effects on farm performance
Presented by Harsh Rajpal, Code Partners Pte. Ltd., on 30 June 2021 at the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Webinar on Sustainable Protein Case Study: Outputs and Synthesis of Results.
Presented by Ciniro Costa Jr., CCAFS, on 28 June 2021 at the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Webinar on Sustainable Protein Case Study: Outputs and Synthesis of Results.
Presented by Marion de Vries, Wageningen Livestock Research at Wageningen University, on 28 June 2021 at the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Webinar on Sustainable Protein Case Study: Outputs and Synthesis of Results.
Presented by Issac Emery, Informed Sustainability Consulting, on 29 June 2021 at the second day of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Webinar on Sustainable Protein Case Study: Outputs and Synthesis of Results.
Presented by Hongmin Dong and Sha Wei, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), on 28 June 2021 at the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Webinar on Sustainable Protein Case Study: Outputs and Synthesis of Results.
Presented by Lini Wollenberg, CCAFS, on 28 June 2021 at the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Webinar on Sustainable Protein Case Study: Outputs and Synthesis of Results.
Presentation by Han Soethoudt, Jan Broeze, and Heike Axmann of Wageningen University & Resaearch (WUR).
WUR and Olam Rice Nigeria conducted a controlled experiment in Nigeria in which mechanized rice harvesting and threshing were introduced on smallholder farms. The result of the study shows that mechanization considerably reduces losses, has a positive impact on farmers’ income, and the climate.
Learn more: https://www.wur.nl/en/news-wur/show-day/Mechanization-helps-Nigerian-farms-reduce-food-loss-and-increase-income.htm
Presentation on the rapid evidence review findings and key take away messages.
Current evidence for biodiversity and agriculture to achieve and bridging gaps in research and investment to reach multiple global goals.
This presentation was given at an internal workshop in April 2020 and was presented by Le Hoang Anh, Hoang Thi Thien Huong, Le Thi Thanh Huyen, and Nguyen Thi Lien Huong.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
2. Discuss advantages of engaging the private sector in the development and
implementation of NDCs in Africa
Describe how the access of micro, small, medium and large enterprises to
climate finance can be enhanced to support NDC implementation in Africa
Objectives
3. Key private sector actors in the agricultural value chain ecosystem
Source: World Bank: Adapted from FUTURE of FOOD Maximizing Finance for Development in Agricultural Value Chains; Adapted from Pathways to Prosperity, Rural and Agricultural Finance,
State of the Sector Report: Feed The Future, ISF, Mastercard Foundation and Rural and Agricultural Finance LEARNING LAB
Input Providers Producers
Storage and
Transportation
Traders and Off
takers
Processors
Distributors
and Marketers
Business climate (including policies, regulation and market structure)
Support services (including finance, information, technology, water, power and infrastructure)
4. Public sector sets the NDC, whereas private sector is critical to implement it
Engaging the private sector in the NDC process can can help bridge part of the financing gap,
support sustainable economic growth, social inclusion and environmental conservation by:
• Aligning long-term public and private strategies
• Mobilizing domestic and international private capital and technical capabilities
• Create numerous job opportunities
• Leverage the efforts of governments, engage civil society and community efforts
• Develop innovative climate mitigation and adaptation technologies
Importance of Private Sector Engagement
Source: UNDP, Private Sector Engagement and Coordination Framework, April 2019
5. For every US$ 1 of official development assistance spent in Africa in 2016, there was:
US$ 2 foreign direct investment
US$ 10 private sector investment
US$ 11 government spending
$48.737 billion was invested in the African food and agriculture sector by foreign
private-sector investors between 2003 and 2017
Only 200 companies pledged US$10 billion of investment commitments in 12
countries, with 70% of those commitments coming from African agribusinesses
The private sector in output value chains handles 80% of Africa’s food consumption
Private Sector Investment for Effective NDC Implementation
Source: WEF Grow Africa: Partnering to Achieve African Agriculture Transformation, 2016; Foreign direct investment in the African food and agriculture sector: Trends, determinants and
impacts, ZEF; USD1: OECD (2017); USD 2: UNCTAD (2017); USD 10: IZA [Institute for the Study of Labor] (2009), World Bank 2016); (USD 11: World Bank (2016); AGRA, The Hidden Middle, 2019
6. Identify the barriers to private sector investment across relevant priority actions: policy and
regulatory environment, actual or perceived risks, transaction costs, etc.
Identify what interventions are needed to address barriers for private sector investment:
• Non-financial interventions: strengthening the rule of law, support competition and
policy reform, reduce government intervention, strengthen investment policy, etc.
• Financial interventions: risk-mitigation instruments, tax breaks, feed-in tariffs, public-
private partnerships, financing to value chain actors (i.e. grants, concessional debt, etc).
Develop public–private financing structures and launch pilot projects to showcase viable
business models and attract further climate investment
Review approaches used by peer countries and consider if they are applicable in your
country. Explore south-south cooperation
Assess and enhance the domestic investment environment
Source: CDKN Planning for NDC Implementation: A Quick-Start Guide
7. Enhance capacities to support government officials to identify and develop financially viable
opportunities for the private sector:
• Understand how projects are financed and how to build financial models
• Knowledge of financial and investment terminology
• Understand constraints and requirements of investors
• Knowledge of financial and non-financial mechanisms available to reduce risks and
increase the financial viability of projects for the private sector
• Increase skills and experience in conducting commercial negotiations with the
private sector
Strengthen the capacity to develop financially viable opportunities
Source: CDKN Planning for NDC Implementation: A Quick-Start Guide
8. Promote greater public–private dialogue on climate finance through regular forums and
institutions (i.e. investment platforms, public consultations, etc.) to understand climate
change opportunities and investment barriers, and how these can be addressed
Consider also approaches used by international financial and development institutions, such as
Maximizing Finance for Development or Country Private Sector Diagnostics*
Involve and consult private sector in the design and implementation of national climate
change policies and strategies, to better address investment barriers and opportunities
Private sector might accept policies if they understand them, but they will only endorse them
when the policies benefit them
An ongoing coordination process will ensure progress and accountability
Source: CDKN Planning for NDC Implementation: A Quick-Start Guide; Country Diagnostics Platform developed by EBRD, EIB, IFC, WB, DFID and SIDA
Increase private sector engagement in policies and strategies
9. Kenya presented an ambitious Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC)
that will require domestic and international public and private capital
The Ministry of Environment and Forestry has continuously involved the
private sector in planning and implementing climate change initiatives
and plans
It also engaged the private sector through an inclusive process to develop
the “Private Sector Engagement and Coordination Framework”. It seeks
to strengthen private sector engagement in climate change actions and
enhance national actions on climate change
The engagement framework will enhance communication, coordination
and tracking of resources while promoting investments in climate change
actions by private sector
Source: Kenya Private Sector Framework, Private Sector Engagement and Coordination Framework, UNDP
Case Study: Private Sector Engagement and Coordination Framework
10. Use “MFD” approach to attract and engage private sector
Source: World Bank: FUTURE of FOOD Maximizing Finance for Development in Agricultural Value Chains
“MFD”:
Maximizing
Finance for
Development
11. Case Study: Improving Opportunities Through Cashew Value
Chains in Cote D'Ivoire
Although Côte d’Ivoire produces 23% of the world’s cashew
supply, worth $800 million, fewer than 7% of raw cashew nuts
are processed domestically
Through the MFD approach the World Bank’s investments will
help the government concentrate scarce public funds on sector
policy, institutional, and infrastructure development
IFC will provide innovative financing to catalyze local private
credit across the value chain
About 225,000 cashew farmers are expected to benefit from
these interventions, and through improving quality, raise their
annual raw cashew yields by 20%
Source: WB Brief, July 2015
12. To unlock additional capital, it is vital to understand the
risk-return profile that an investment represents and
what policies and instruments can be used to motivate
investors
• Return-enhancing policies and instruments: increase
returns for investors, such as financial policies (i.e.
feed-in-tariffs, generation-based incentives, tax
incentives, accelerated depreciation)
• Risk-reducing policies and instruments: lower
investment risks, such as financial policies (i.e.
transparent investment policies, bankruptcy codes) or
instruments (i.e. credit enhancement mechanisms,
guarantees)
Source: Mind the Gap: Bridging the Climate Financing Gap with Innovative Financial Mechanisms, GGI
Policies and instruments to unlock private climate finance
13. The carbon tax bill is the result of an extensive consultation
with public and private sector actors. It came into effect on
1 June 2019
The objective is to to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in a
sustainable, cost effective and affordable manner
South Africa subsequently set its own domestic targets as
outlined in the Nationally Determined Contribution
It gives effect to the polluter-pays-principle for large
emitters and ensures that firms and consumers take the
negative adverse costs into account in their future
production, consumption and investment decisions. Firms
are incentivized to adopt cleaner technologies
South African Parliament (Daily Maverick, 2013)
Case Study: South Africa’s Carbon Tax Bill
Source: South African Government, Publication of the 2019 Carbon Tax Act
14. Each source of finance has a different risk tolerance and seeks a different deal size and time
horizon
Understanding main private sector financing sources
Source: Business for Sustainable Landscapes: An action agenda for sustainable development, May 2017
15. Source: Global Smallholder Farmer Investment Portal, ISF Advisors
Each source of finance has a different target investment size and connection to smallholder
farmers
Understanding main private sector financing sources
16. Source: World Bank: FUTURE of FOOD Maximizing Finance for Development in Agricultural Value Chains
Each source of finance has a different expected market return depending on the level of
maturity of a given farm/commercial enterprise
Understanding main private sector financing sources
17. Case Study: Ethiopia’s Climate Resilient Green Economy Facility (1/2)
Source: Climate Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) Facility, Operations Manual (Revised
Version), Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, June 2018
18. Led by the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development and the Ministry of Environment,
Forestry and Climate Change. It coordinates closely with other institutions. It has three key
objectives:
• Financial allocation and mobilization: domestic and international public and private climate
finance
• Stakeholder coordination: Government, development partners, private sector, civil society,
etc.
• Unlocking capital at scale: blending and leveraging investment sources
Case Study: Ethiopia’s Climate Resilient Green Economy Facility (2/2)
Source: Climate Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) Facility, Operations Manual (Revised Version), Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, June 2018
19. Blended Finance: structuring approach to increase private investment
Blended finance is the use of catalytic capital from public or philanthropic sources to increase
private sector investment in sustainable development
It allows organizations with different objectives to invest alongside each other while achieving
their own objectives (whether financial return, social and environmental impact, or both)
Source: How to Mobilize Private Investment At Scale in Blended Finance, Convergence, April 2020
20. Unlocking climate finance from the private sector
Source: Mind the Gap: Bridging the Climate Financing Gap with Innovative Financial Mechanisms, GGI
Innovative financial mechanisms
using public capital can lower
investment-risks and unlock private
investments
Each stage of the investment project represents
a different risk/return profile and requires
different financial instruments (grants, equity,
loans, bonds, etc.) from different financing
sources (donors, DFIs, commercial capital, etc.)
21. Case Study: IFC, GAFSP and Société Générale Invest in Burkina Faso
IFC, GAFSP and Société Générale investment of €70 million to Burkina Faso’s biggest cotton
company, SOFITEX, seeks to help farmers in its supply chain address productivity, water
scarcity, and climate resilience concerns
The facility will allow SOFITEX to purchase raw cotton from over 160,000 farmers in Burkina
Faso to process and export to international markets
Working with local farmers, suppliers and distributors, SOFITEX is playing a significant role in
job-creation, accounting for nearly 80% of Burkina Faso’s cotton production
Donor partners to GAFSP (Canada, Japan, the Netherlands, the U.K. and the U.S) make
possible for IFC to invest in riskier projects with strong potential to promote food security and
reduce poverty
Source: IFC, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 12 May 2015
22. Engage the private sector as a means, not an end
Ensure institutions are fit for purpose
Invest in the business-enabling environment
Develop a flexible portfolio of private sector engagement mechanisms
Work with a wide range of stakeholders
See partnership as a relationship, not a contract
Take risks if you want others to do so
Good practice for private sector engagement
Source: Private Sector Engagement for Sustainable Development, Lessons from the DAC, OECD (2016)
23. According to the World Bank, a business is classified as a MSME when it meets two of the
three criteria outlined below
MSMEs account for 90% of private businesses in developing countries
Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs)
Firm Size Employees Assets (US$) Annual Sales (US$)
Micro <10 <100,000 <100,000
Small <50 <3 million <3 million
Medium <300 <15 million <15 million
Source: The SME Banking Knowledge Guide, IFC 2009; Increasing MSME access to climate finance, CDKN and Dalberg, September 2015
25. The performance of value chains determines the profitability, investment incentives and
productive capacity of small farms. 40% of rural employment time is in self-employed
farming, whereas food system employment in the midstream (processing, wholesale, and
logistics) and downstream (farming) generates another 25% of rural employment
The output value chain post-farmgate is composed nearly entirely of private sector
enterprises—from small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to emerging large enterprises in
the midstream (wholesale, logistics, and processing) and the downstream (retail and food
service)
80% of Africa’s food consumption is marketed and handled mostly through private
operators. The private sector is thus crucial for food security
There has been rapid growth and proliferation of SMEs in the midstream, who in the
aggregate are the biggest investors, creating markets for farmers. SMEs will play a key role
over the next 10–20 years
Agriculture enterprises in Africa
Source: Africa Agriculture Status Report, AGRA, 2019
26. Supply of agri-MSME finance in sub-Saharan Africa
Source: Pathways to Prosperity, Rural and Agricultural Finance, State of the Sector Report: Feed The Future, ISF, Mastercard Foundation and Rural and Agricultural Finance
LEARNING LAB
27. ABC Fund is an independent private impact investment fund, managed
by Bamboo Capital Fund, with Injaro Investments Limited as investment
advisor. It has also received public capital from the European
Commission, IFAD, AGRA, etc.
It catalyses blended capital and provides technical assistance to investees.
Its investments are adapted to the needs of rural SMEs, farmers'
organizations, agri-preneurs and rural financial institutions in Africa
It targets commercially viable ventures that help create employment and
improve rural livelihoods. It prioritizes climate-smart projects that
promote sustainable production
It will mobilise EUR 200 million from public and private investors over the
next ten years. It is estimated that some 900,000 households will benefit
Case Study: Agri-Business (ABC) Capital Fund
Source: ABC Fund, IFAD
28. In Kenya, a micro-creditor (Juhudi Kilimo) with 32,000
clients adopted the F3 Life system
Through F3 Life, small-scale farmers become eligible for
loans if they implement climate-smart practices
Climate-smart practices decrease the risk of crop failure and
thereby increase the chance that farmers can pay back the
loan
Case Study: Microfinance institution uses climate-smart credit in
Kenya
Source: Juhudi Kilimo and F3 Life
29. Develop adequate enabling environment: A conducive policy, regulatory, strategy an
support framework that encourages private sector participation will be key to increase
private sector investment at scale
Strengthen support for project identification and development: A strong pipeline of
bankable projects is key to attract public and private climate finance. This may require policy
and regulatory changes and readiness support.
Build capacity of domestic financial institutions: It will increase access to international
public and private capital to finance projects and SMEs with strong climate potential. It will
also help them better understand agriculture and climate risk
Enhance risk appetite of domestic financial institutions: Using a wider range of risk-
mitigating instruments (i.e. guarantees, insurance, credit enhancement mechanisms, etc.)
and risk capital will help unlock investments
Increasing private sector access to climate finance
Source: Adapted from Mobilizing Private Sector Investments in Support of Nationally Determined Contributions, CCAP, July 2017
30. Encourage domestic financial institutions to mainstream climate change: It will increase
their capacity to identify climate risks and investment opportunities, and will also increase
lending to climate related projects
Prioritise blended finance: This structuring approach has an enormous potential to use
scarce public and philanthropic resources to leverage private investment
Promote impact investing: There is a wide range of private investors that can invest climate
finance in SMEs if the projects generate attractive financial, social and environmental returns
Develop innovative financial mechanisms: Countries can develop their own innovative
mechanisms to attract international and domestic public and private capital (i.e. green
bonds, national climate funds, etc.)
Increasing private sector access to climate finance
Source: Adapted from Mobilizing Private Sector Investments in Support of Nationally Determined Contributions, CCAP, July 2017
31. Secure direct access to climate funds: Support domestic institutions to fulfil the
requirements needed to access climate finance
Design MRV systems: These will be key to implement to efficiently attract, track, allocate
and report the impact of climate finance spending
Replicate and standardize proven climate approaches: This can include regulatory,
programmatic and technical approaches, as well as proven business model and financing
tools
Increasing private sector access to climate finance
Source: Adapted from Mobilizing Private Sector Investments in Support of Nationally Determined Contributions, CCAP, July 2017
32. Key messages
Develop enabling environment that facilitates private sector engagement
Increase dialogue with domestic and international private sector
Integrate climate action with long-term government policies and strategies
Build capacity of national (financial) institutions to address the needs of MSMEs
Create a pipeline of low-carbon projects that generate acceptable financial return for upscaling
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33. • NDC Support Programme: Finance and Investment
• Planning for NDC Implementation
• Engaging the Private Sector in National Adaptation Planning Processes
• Fund for Private Sector Assistance (FAPA): Private Sector Investment Initiative for
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) in Africa
• Strategy for Private Sector Engagement
• What you need to know about impact investing
• Convergence Blended Finance
• Blending Climate Finance through National Climate Funds
Available resources