This document discusses analogue to digital conversion (ADC). It explains that ADC is the process of converting analogue signals to digital signals so they can be processed by digital computers. It describes the three main steps in ADC as sampling, quantization, and encoding. It also discusses why ADC is needed to interface analogue and digital systems, provides examples of sampling and quantization, and lists some common applications and types of ADC.

1. Analogue to digital
conversion
(ADC)
ABDULAZIZ mosaed hmood Alobilan

2. *What is ADC(Analog to Digital Converter)
*Why ADC is needed
*A/D conversion process
*Application of ADC

3. Analog to Digital Conversion :
is the process by which analog signals are
converted to their digitized forms.
Digital signals only have two states. For digital computer, we
refer to binary states, 0 and 1
What is analog to digital convertor

4. Why ADC is needed?
 Microprocessors can only perform complex processing on
digitized signals.
 When signals are in digital form they are less exposed to
additive noise.
 ADC Provides a link between the analog world and the digital
world of signal processing

5. ADC occurs via three steps:
- Sampling.
- Quantization.
- Encoding.
*A/D conversion process:

6. *The analog signal is sampled at regular intervals of time.
*The sampling rate must be at least twice the highest frequency of the signal
The idea of Sampling

7. *if we increase the sampling rate the accuracy of the
conversion will increase too
Example

8. Example of sampling and quantizing of
sin wave

9. Quantization is defined as the process of converting the continuous
sample amplitude into a discrete amplitude. Thus by then, the
signal will be discrete in both; time and amplitude.
Quantization

10. Example of Quantization

11. Encoding
 Encoding is the process which assigns ones and zeros (stream
of bits) for every quantization level.
 The number of bits assigned for each level (n) depends on the
levels’ number (L) ; such that L= 2^n.

12. MATLAB code for ADC

13. There are many types of ADCs such as:
1. Direct Conversion ADC.
2. Successive Approximation Register (SAR) ADC.
3. Integrating ADCs: Single slope, dual slope, and ramp
ADC.
4. Sigma-Delta ADC (over sampled ADC).
Types of ADC

14. ADC are used virtually everywhere where an analog
signal has to be processed, stored, or transported in
digital form.
Some examples of ADC usage are digital
volt meters, cell phone, thermocouples, and digital
oscilloscope and microcontrollers
Application of ADC

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