1. Renal cortical necrosis is a rare form of acute kidney injury caused by ischemic necrosis of the renal cortex. It is characterized by hypoechoic cortical rims on ultrasound and lack of cortical enhancement with preserved medullary enhancement on CT.
2. Obstetric complications like eclampsia, abruptio placentae, and septic abortion account for over 50% of cases. Other causes include shock, sickle cell anemia, and renal transplant rejection.
3. On imaging, renal cortical necrosis appears as hypoechoic cortical rims on ultrasound, lack of cortical enhancement with CT, and cortical calcifications appearing as "tram lines" on x-ray after 4 weeks. This
HELLO FRIENDS HERE CAUSES OF HEMATURIA IS HERE MANAGEMENT IN NEXT PRESENTATION ...YOU CAN SEE AND SUBSCRIBE OVER YOU TUBE ...LEARN UROLOGY IS CHANNEL NAME
FOLLOW THE YOU TUBE CHANNEL FOR FUTURE UROLOGY VIDEO
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genitourinary tb - contains radiological findings of genitourinary tuberculosis including ivp,, hsg, usg and ct findings in kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, uterus and prostate
HELLO FRIENDS HERE CAUSES OF HEMATURIA IS HERE MANAGEMENT IN NEXT PRESENTATION ...YOU CAN SEE AND SUBSCRIBE OVER YOU TUBE ...LEARN UROLOGY IS CHANNEL NAME
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genitourinary tb - contains radiological findings of genitourinary tuberculosis including ivp,, hsg, usg and ct findings in kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, uterus and prostate
Urinary system – common pathological correlationKochi Chia
Presentation on common urinary system pathologies and radiological findings. Just a brief explanation. Further info can be obtained from www.radiopaedia.org and www.radiologyassistant.nl
-Anatomical description of kidney.
-Physiological functions of kidney.
-Kidney blood supply and its innervation.
-Some disease and disorders that affect kidneys and its function.
d/t types of ischemic strokes, imaging modalities, imaging features on different imaging modalities. differential diagnosis of different imaging findings.
Hypertensive Retinopathy (HTN-R) for undergraduate MBBS Students.
Covers the basics of Aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, Classification and management of HTN-R.
Also encompasses salient points for PGMEE
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
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Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
4. Bilateral lack of renal
cortical enhancement
preserved medullary enhancement
5. Definition
Rare form of acute renal injury characterized by ischemic necrosis of renal cortex
6. General features
Best diagnostic clue
○ CECT:↓ enhancement of renal cortex with preserved enhancement of medulla and thin
rim of subcapsular cortical tissue best shows pathophysiology
• Location
○ Usually extensive and bilateral
• Best imaging tool
○ Sonography for exclusion of collecting system dilatation
○ Characteristic ultrasound appearance (hypoechoic cortical rim) suggests acute cortical
necrosis in appropriate clinical context
7. • Acute cortical necrosis: ↓ renal cortical echogenicity
• Chronic cortical necrosis diffuse ↑ cortical echogenicity and acoustic shadow due to
cortical calcification
• Color Doppler : marked or no color flow
• Characteristic ultrasound appearance (hypoechoic cortical rim) sign.
9. • non contrast
○ Calcifications in renal cortex and columns of Bertin may indicate prior cortical
necrosis
contrast
○ Acute necrosis: ↓ enhancement of renal cortex
○ Preserved enhancement of thin rim of subcapsular cortical tissue due to
separate capsular blood supply
○ Preserved medullary enhancement
○ ↓ excretion of contrast media into collecting system
12. • T1WI
○ ↓ signal intensity inner cortex and columns of Bertin
• T2WI
○ ↓ signal intensity inner cortex and columns of Bertin
○ ↑ signal intensity subcapsular rim
13. Patient with sickle cell anemia
reversal of the usual corticomedullary
pattern, with the cortex being
hypointense to the medulla.
hemosiderin deposition or cortical
necrosis,
14. Acute Tubular Necrosis
• Persistent nephrogram on NECT (after prior
contrast administration)
• US: ↑ renal size and echogenicity
15. Renal Infarction
• CECT: Nonenhancing wedge-
shaped area of renal parenchyma
with enhancing capsular rim Renal
Vein Thrombosis
• Occluded renal vein with renal
enlargement and delayed renal function
• MR: Low signal intensity in outer
medulla
16. 1. Abruptio placentae
2. septic abortion
3. eclampsia
4. Hemolytic uremic syndrome
5. disseminated intravascular coagulopathy
6. Shock
7. sickle cell anemia
8. renal allograft rejection
• Complete cortical necrosis : Global
ischemic necrosis of cortex with
preservation of thin subcapsular rim of
tissue
• Patchy cortical necrosis : Multiple
contiguous areas of necrosis involving up to
½ of cortex
17. • Epidemiology
○ Rare cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in developed countries
○ More common in infants and young women
○ Obstetric complications account for > 50% of cases
Natural History & Prognosis
• Poor prognosis
• Evolution toward chronic renal failure and end-stage renal disease
• Mortality > 50% if untreated
Treatment
• Treatment of underlying cause
• Dialysis; transplantation
18. 1. Clinical : eclampsia – transplantation allograft rejection -..etc
2. US : hypoechoic cortical rim sign
3. Doppler: no or marked decreased color flow .
4. Acute cortical necrosis: ↓ renal cortical echogenicity
5. chronic: diffuse ↑ cortical echogenicity +acoustic shadow (cortical calcification)
6. X ray : Cortical calcification ("tram line" sign), which is usually seen after 4 weeks
7. CT Calcifications in renal cortex and columns of Bertin .
8. Acute necrosis: ↓ enhancement of renal cortex
9. Preserved enhancement of thin rim of subcapsular cortical tissue due to separate
capsular blood supply
10.Preserved medullary enhancement
11.↓ excretion of contrast media into collecting system
•
19. right kidney in a patient
with sickle cell anemia
developing renal cortical
necrosis shows decreased
renal cortical echogenicity compared
to medulla.
20. Axial CECT in the same patient
shows bilateral lack of renal
cortical enhancement and
preserved medullary enhancement
compatible with bilateral renal cortical
necrosis.
21. Axial NECT shows subcapsular
calcifications in both kidneys,
indicative of renal cortical necrosis
following shock caused by a
ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Note the aortic wall and endograft.
22. Axial T1WI GRE in a patient
with sickle cell anemia shows
reversal of the usual corticomedullary
pattern, with the cortex being
hypointense to the medulla.
This may be due to hemosiderin
deposition or cortical necrosis, both of
which can be seen in patients
with sickle cell disease