2. Active Movement
Dr. Tooba Asif, PT
Lecturer
DPT (RIU), MS-OMPT (RIU)
Certified Kinesio Taping Practitioner (CKTP, USA)
Certified Dry Needling Practitioner (CDNP, UK)
3. Voluntary movement
• Voluntary action of muscles
• In opposition to some external force
• Classification
– Free exercises
– Assisted exercises
– Assisted-resisted exercises
– Resisted exercises
5. Classification
• Assisted-resisted exercises
• Able to perform against resistance in a part of range
• External forces are adapted in every part of range
• Resisted exercises
– Artificially and systemically applied resistance
– To increase power and endurance
6. Free Exercise - Definition
• Patients own effort
• Only gravity is external force
7. Disadvantage
• Make insufficient demand on neuromuscular system
• Muscular imbalance
– Compensatory rather than normal pattern are
good
• Brain damage
– Unable to initiate movement
8. Classification of free exercises
• Localized
– To mobilize a particular joint
– To strengthen particular muscle
• Suitable starting position
• By voluntary fixation of other areas
• General
– Many joints involved
– Group action of muscle
9. Character of Free Exercise
• Subjective
– Formal
– Anatomical movements
– Attention of patient to form & pattern of exercise
– Accuracy of performance
10. Character of Free Exercise
• Objective
– Attention of patient toward achievement of
particular aim or goal
– Accuracy of movement
– Standing
– Arm stretching to touch a mark
– Throw a ball
11. Technique
• Starting position:
• Maximum postural efficiency
• Instruction to patient:
• Interest and cooperation of patient
• Understand pattern and purpose of exercise
12. Speed
• Depends on purpose of exercise
• Slow during learning
• Later patient is allowed to set his own natural rhythm
• During learning, Encouraged to count load
13. Duration
• Depends on patients capacity
• Three bouts of practice of each exercise
• With short rest period or change of activity
14. Effect & uses
• Depends upon
• Selection of suitable exercise
• Manner of performance
• Degree of cooperation obtained from patient
15. Effect & uses
• Patient can do on his own
• No longer rely on others
16. Effect & uses
1. Relaxation
2. Joint mobility
3. Muscle Power & Tone
4. Neuromuscular coordination
5. Confidence
6. Circulatory and respiratory cooperation
17. 1. Relaxation
• Rhythmical swinging and pendular movement
• Alternating and reciprocal contraction & relaxation of
opposite muscles
• Reciprocal relaxation
• Scapular retractors
19. 3. Muscle Power & Tone
• Increase or decrease speed
• Increase duration
• Against body weight
• Increase leverage: long & heavy limb
• Iso-metric exercises
23. 6. Circulatory and
respiratory cooperation
• A. Need of active tissue
– Need of oxygenated blood
– Removal of metabolic wastes
24. 6. Circulatory and
respiratory cooperation
• B. Preparation of activity
– Through autonomic system
– Sympathetic system: adrenalin
– Increase resp.
– Increase heart rate
– Rise in arterial blood pressure
– Re-distribution of blood
25. 6. Circulatory and
respiratory cooperation
• C. Local circulatory changes in muscle
– Capillary dilate and blood flow is increased
26. 6. Circulatory and
respiratory cooperation
• D. Regulating of circulatory and respiratory function during exercise
– Pumping action of muscle
– Respiratory muscle pressure on large veins
– Increase venous return
– Increase cardiac output
– Increase in CO2 production
– Increase heat production
– Dilation of capillaries and stimulation of sweat glands
