It is native to India and Sri Lanka. The plant Salacia reticulata contains several compounds that have antidiabetic properties. The root bark contains mangiferine and salacinol, which are potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitors that help lower blood sugar levels by inhibiting the breakdown and absorption of carbohydrates in the intestines. Other active compounds include kotalanol and 13-MRT, which have also shown strong alpha-glucosidase inhibitory effects. These compounds work through similar mechanisms to the antidiabetic drug acarbose.

1. It is native to India and Sri Lanka
It contain root,leaves and stem of an herb Salacia reticulata
Belong to Family- Celastraceae
Subfamily:- Hippocrateaceae
Also known as Kothala-himbutu
Synonyms:-
Svarna mula- The bark of the root is golden colored
Saptachakra- When the root is cut it shows 7 wheel
like structures
Salacia reticulata

2. SALACINOL

3. Chemical constituents
Antidiabetic:-
Mangiferine,Kotalanol,Salacinol,13 MRT
Other constituents:-
1,3diketones,dulcitol,leucopelargonidine,
glycosidal tannin, triterpenoids lambertic acid,
kotalgenin16-acetatemeryterfonic acid
Chemical composition:- The root bark contains
proantho-cyanidins, consisting of monomeric
leucopelargonidin, triterpenoids, mangiferine,
phlobatannin and glucosidal tannins.
The stem of the plant contains gutta, dulcitol and
proanthocyanidin consisting of dimer of
leucopelargonidin

4. Active antidiabetic constituents
Mangiferine

5. Use and applications
Diabetes Treatments
Diabetic neuropathy Treatments
Diabetic foot ulcers Treatments
Diabetic microangiopathy Treatments
Diabetic nephropathy Treatments
Gonorrhea
Joint pain
Asthama
Menstrual problems

6. Mechanism of action:-
Salacia Reticulata is a medicinal herb from Ayurveda which
appears to have anti-diabetic activities, namely by inhibiting
carbohydrate uptake from the intestines b y inhibiting
α-glucosidases , amylase enzyme which involves in conversion
of carbohydrates to sugar
it appears quite effective at this, similar to Acarbose in potency.

7. The structure of salacinol was determined on the basis of chemical and
physicochemical evidence,
the alkaline degradation of salacinol to 1-deoxy-4-thioarabinofuranose
the X-ray crystallographic analysis give
to be the unique spiro-like configuration of the inner salt comprised of 1-deoxy-
4-thio-D-arabinofuranosyl sulfonium cation and 1′-deoxy-D-erythrosyl-3′-sulfate
anion
 Potent inhibitory activities on several α-glucosidases
 such as maltase, sucrase, and isomaltase
Salacinol

8. fig:- Schematic representation of chemical structures, structure–activity relationship and
potency of salacinol derivatives

9. Analogues of Salacinol
D-Arabitol D-Lyxitol D-Ribitol
The structure remains same only the configuration of –OH, -S,
OSO3 changes
Activity:-
Above D-Arabitol,D-Lyxitol,D-Ribitol are the analogues of
salacinol not give any inhibitory activity

10. NEOSALACINOL
Synthesis of Neosalacinol:-

11. Kotalanol
A potent natural alpha-glucosidase inhibitor called kotalanol
The structure of kotalanol was elucidated on the basis of
chemical and physicochemical evidence to be the inner salt
comprised of 1-deoxyheptosyl-3-sulfate anion and 1-deoxy-4-thio-
D-arabinofuranosyl sulfonium cation
 Kotalanol was found to show more potent inhibitory activity
against sucrase than salacinol and acarbose.

12. Synthesis of Kotalanol

13. Synthesis of Neokotanalol
Kotanalol Neokotanalol

14. Mangiferin and their analogues
NAME R1 R2
Mangiferin H H
Homomangiferin Me H
Neomangiferin H β-Glucose
Mechanism of action:-
Antidiabetic activity of mangiferin by establishing its protein tyrosine
phosphatase1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activity PTP1B plays vital role in the
potential treatment of diabetes mellitus

15. 13-MRT
A polyhydroxylated cyclic 13-membered sulfoxide (1) was isolated from
an aqueous extract of Salacia reticulata
The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR and
APCI-MS methods
The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of compound 1 was much greater
than the inhibitory activity of salacinol and , which were previously isolated
13-Membered Ring Thiocyclitol
Mechanism of action:-
13-MRT retarded the absorption of carbohydrates by α-glucosidase
inhibitory activities in the small intestine, not be due to α -amylase
inhibition