2. INTRODUCTION
• Salacia is an indigenous flowering plant grown in dry zone
forests in Srilanka and southern region of India.
• It contain root, leaves and stem of an herb Salacia reticulata
• Belongs to family- Celastraceae
• In ayurvedic medicine is known as Kohala himbutu .The roots
have many biologically active compound, such as triterpenes,
phenolic compounds, glycosides and coloring agent, which
shows various medical properties.
• It is widely used in treating diabetes.
• The decoction of S.reticulata roots also used in the treatment
of gonorrhoea, rheumatism, skin diseases, itching, swelling,
asthma and thirst
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3. MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
• S.Reticulata is a climbing, perennial, woods shrub.
• The plant has dichotomous branching pattern.
• The bark is smooth, greenish grey in colour, thin and
white internally.
• Leaves are opposite and elliptic-oblong.
• Flowers are bisexual and arranged as 2-8 clustered in leaf
axils. They are greenish-white to greenish yellow colour.
• Fruit is a drupe which is globose and tubercular, which is
pinkish-orange in colour.
• Seeds 1-4 in number and resembles with almond. 3
4. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS
• The chemical constituents which are
responsible for antidiabetic action are
1. Mangiferine
2. Kotalanol
3. Salacinol
4. 13-Memberd ring thiocyclitol (13-MRT)
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5. Mangiferine
• Antidiabetic activity of mangiferine by establishing its protein tyrosine
phosphatase1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activity PTP1B plays vital role in the
potential treatment of diabetes mellitus.
1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone-C2-β-D-glucoside
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6. Katalanol
This is a inner salt comprised of 1-deoxyheptosyl-3-sulphate anion and 1-deoxy-
4-D-arabinofuranosyl sulfonium cation.
▸ Katalanol is a potent natural alpha-glucosidase inhibitor.
▸ Katalanol was found to show more potent inhibitory activity against sucrose
than salacinol.
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7. Salacinol
• In crystallographic analysis salacinol has a unique spiro-like configuration of
the inner salt comprised of 1-deoxy-4-thio-D-arabinofuranosyl sulfonium
cation and 1'-deoxy-D-erythrosyl-3'-sulfate anion.
• It is a potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitor.
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8. 13-membered ring thiocyclitol(13-MRT)
• A polyhydroxylated cyclic 13-membered sulfoxide was isolated from an
aqueous extract of Salacia reticulata.
• The structure was elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy.
The 13-MRT is alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and much greater than the
inhibitory activity of salacinol. 8
9. TREATMENT
• Salacia reticulata is herbal medicine used for the treatment of early diabetes in
Ayurvedic medicine.
• In early research suggests that consuming Salacia tea with each meal might
lower haemoglobin A1C levels in people with type 2 diabetes. A single dose
Salacia, in combination with a meal, also seems to reduce blood sugar level.
• Other early research suggests that taking Salacia with food for 6 weeks seems
to reduce pre-meal blood sugar and HbA1C level in patients with type 2
diabetes.
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11. REFERENCES
1.Salacia reticulata WIGHT (Kothala himbatu): A Review of Botany,
Phytochemistry and Pharmacology, KKIU Arunakumara* and S Subasinghe
Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna,
Mapalana, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka,Accepted: 05 April 2010
2. Sidney J. Stohs and Sidhartha Ray, Anti-diabetic and Anti-hyperlipidemic
Effects and Safety of Salacia reticulata and Related Species, published on 2015
May 31.
3.Shivesh Jha and Tanveer Naved, Effect Of Ingredients Of A Local
Antidiabetic Formulation In Enhancing The Antidiabetic Activity Of Salacia
Reticulata In Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats.
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