Acid Deposition
•Download as PPT, PDF•
0 likes•890 views
The document describes the mechanisms of acid deposition caused by nitrogen and sulfur oxides. Nitrogen and sulfur oxides react with water and oxygen in the atmosphere to form nitric and sulfuric acids, respectively. These acids are deposited through both wet deposition (acid rain) and dry deposition. Hydroxyl radicals form through reactions between ozone, water vapor and oxygen, and play a role in transforming nitrogen and sulfur oxides into acids. Ammonia in the atmosphere neutralizes some acid and forms ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate.
Report
Share
Report
Share
![Contents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
Recommended
Acid Deposition
Acid deposition, also known as acid rain, occurs when pollutants like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides mix with water vapor and fall back to Earth as rain, snow, or other forms of precipitation with a pH lower than 5.6. There are two main types of acid deposition: wet deposition where the pollutants mix directly with precipitation, and dry deposition where gases and particles fall under gravity. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides undergo chemical reactions in the atmosphere to form sulfuric and nitric acids, the main contributors to acid rain. To reduce sulfur dioxide emissions, coal power plants in the US use flue gas desulfurization systems that can remove up to 95% of sulfur gases through reactions with lime
Special rxn types
The document discusses four types of special chemical reactions:
1. Gas forming reactions involve a metal carbonate reacting with an acid to form a salt, water, and carbon dioxide gas.
2. Precipitation reactions are double displacement reactions that form an insoluble salt precipitate.
3. Neutralization reactions involve an acid reacting with a base to form a salt and water.
4. Combustion reactions involve the burning of a hydrocarbon with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.
Special rxn types
The document discusses four types of special chemical reactions:
1. Gas forming reactions involve a metal carbonate reacting with an acid to form a salt, water, and carbon dioxide gas.
2. Precipitation reactions are double displacement reactions that form an insoluble salt precipitate.
3. Neutralization reactions involve an acid reacting with a base to form a salt and water.
4. Combustion reactions involve the burning of a hydrocarbon with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.
Redox o h
Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between reactants, resulting in both oxidation and reduction occurring simultaneously. Oxidation is defined as either the loss of electrons or gain of oxygen. Reduction is defined as either the gain of electrons or loss of oxygen. Common examples of redox reactions in daily life include combustion, corrosion/rusting, photosynthesis, and respiration.
Redox intro
Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between reactants, resulting in both oxidation and reduction occurring simultaneously. Oxidation is defined as either the loss of electrons or gain of oxygen. Reduction is defined as either the gain of electrons or loss of oxygen. Common examples of redox reactions in daily life include combustion, corrosion, photosynthesis, and respiration.
Types Of Reaction 3
Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from a reducing agent to an oxidizing agent. The reducing agent is oxidized by donating electrons and the oxidizing agent is reduced by accepting electrons. Common oxidizing agents include potassium manganate(VII), potassium dichromate(VI), and hydrogen peroxide, while common reducing agents include metals and hydrogen peroxide. Examples of redox reactions provided include the displacement of copper from copper(II) sulfate by zinc and the reaction of potassium manganate(VII) with hydrogen peroxide.
Types Of Reaction 1
First part of lesson on on types of reaction. Suitable for upper secondary students. Best view with Powerpoint 2003 or later.
Types Of Reaction 2
The document provides examples of precipitation reactions showing the formation of precipitates. It discusses how lead hydroxide, iron(III) hydroxide, iron(II) hydroxide, copper hydroxide, and lead(II) iodide precipitates are formed through various reactions. It also addresses which ions cannot be identified using precipitation reactions and which ions can form hydroxides that dissolve in excess sodium hydroxide.
Recommended
Acid Deposition
Acid deposition, also known as acid rain, occurs when pollutants like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides mix with water vapor and fall back to Earth as rain, snow, or other forms of precipitation with a pH lower than 5.6. There are two main types of acid deposition: wet deposition where the pollutants mix directly with precipitation, and dry deposition where gases and particles fall under gravity. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides undergo chemical reactions in the atmosphere to form sulfuric and nitric acids, the main contributors to acid rain. To reduce sulfur dioxide emissions, coal power plants in the US use flue gas desulfurization systems that can remove up to 95% of sulfur gases through reactions with lime
Special rxn types
The document discusses four types of special chemical reactions:
1. Gas forming reactions involve a metal carbonate reacting with an acid to form a salt, water, and carbon dioxide gas.
2. Precipitation reactions are double displacement reactions that form an insoluble salt precipitate.
3. Neutralization reactions involve an acid reacting with a base to form a salt and water.
4. Combustion reactions involve the burning of a hydrocarbon with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.
Special rxn types
The document discusses four types of special chemical reactions:
1. Gas forming reactions involve a metal carbonate reacting with an acid to form a salt, water, and carbon dioxide gas.
2. Precipitation reactions are double displacement reactions that form an insoluble salt precipitate.
3. Neutralization reactions involve an acid reacting with a base to form a salt and water.
4. Combustion reactions involve the burning of a hydrocarbon with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.
Redox o h
Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between reactants, resulting in both oxidation and reduction occurring simultaneously. Oxidation is defined as either the loss of electrons or gain of oxygen. Reduction is defined as either the gain of electrons or loss of oxygen. Common examples of redox reactions in daily life include combustion, corrosion/rusting, photosynthesis, and respiration.
Redox intro
Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between reactants, resulting in both oxidation and reduction occurring simultaneously. Oxidation is defined as either the loss of electrons or gain of oxygen. Reduction is defined as either the gain of electrons or loss of oxygen. Common examples of redox reactions in daily life include combustion, corrosion, photosynthesis, and respiration.
Types Of Reaction 3
Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from a reducing agent to an oxidizing agent. The reducing agent is oxidized by donating electrons and the oxidizing agent is reduced by accepting electrons. Common oxidizing agents include potassium manganate(VII), potassium dichromate(VI), and hydrogen peroxide, while common reducing agents include metals and hydrogen peroxide. Examples of redox reactions provided include the displacement of copper from copper(II) sulfate by zinc and the reaction of potassium manganate(VII) with hydrogen peroxide.
Types Of Reaction 1
First part of lesson on on types of reaction. Suitable for upper secondary students. Best view with Powerpoint 2003 or later.
Types Of Reaction 2
The document provides examples of precipitation reactions showing the formation of precipitates. It discusses how lead hydroxide, iron(III) hydroxide, iron(II) hydroxide, copper hydroxide, and lead(II) iodide precipitates are formed through various reactions. It also addresses which ions cannot be identified using precipitation reactions and which ions can form hydroxides that dissolve in excess sodium hydroxide.
4th Lecture on Elements of groups 16, 17 & 18 | Chemistry Part I | 12th Std
The document provides information about sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4). It discusses the preparation, physical and chemical properties, structure, and uses of SO2. The preparation of H2SO4 using the contact process is described. The physical properties, acidic and dehydrating nature, and reactions of H2SO4 are covered. Important industrial uses of H2SO4 are also mentioned.
class-xChemical reaction corrosion and rancidity
it is too informative and it is use ful board examination preparation. it is also used as revision slides and remedial classes
Redoxhints
This document summarizes important oxidizers and reducers formed in redox reactions under different conditions. It lists common oxidizing agents like MnO4-, Cr2O7-2, and HNO3 that form reduced products like Mn(II), Cr(III), and NO in acid solutions. It also lists common reducers like halide ions, metals, and sulfite ions that form oxidized products like halogens, metal ions, and SO4-2. The document concludes that redox reactions involve electron transfer between oxidizing and reducing agents, and that acidic or basic conditions often indicate a redox reaction will occur.
Redox
Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between reactants, resulting in changes to their oxidation states. Oxidation is the loss of electrons or gain of oxygen, while reduction is the gain of electrons or loss of oxygen. The document provides examples of redox reactions and identifies the oxidizing and reducing agents and species undergoing oxidation and reduction. It also gives the oxidation states of elements in ammonium sulfate.
Basics of Chemical Reactions
This tackles the basics and the easiest concept of Chemical reactions. This features only the four basic types of chemical reactions: synthesis, decomposition, metathesis, and ion - exchange reaction.
This is a basic concept because there is a pattern to be followed in each type of reaction.
More types of chemical reactions will be given on my next set of presentation entitled, "Everything You Want to Know About Chemical Reactions."
Oxides and their classification
In this slide you can get about ,what are oxides and how they classify. In this slides I classify the oxides with respect to nature of oxides as well as the oxygen content in it.
Precipitation reaction
1. The document describes a precipitation reaction experiment to investigate which ionic compounds are soluble and insoluble when different metal and non-metal ion solutions are mixed.
2. Solubility rules are provided to make hypotheses about which reactions will produce precipitates.
3. The experiment involves adding drops of metal ion solutions to drops of non-metal ion solutions in a spotting plate and recording any precipitate formation and color.
Chemical Properties of Chlorine Gas
Chlorine exhibits several types of chemical reactions including oxidation, addition, substitution, and auto-oxidation/reduction reactions. It is a strong oxidizing agent that readily gains electrons and oxidizes many metals and nonmetals. Chlorine also directly combines with certain compounds through addition reactions and replaces atoms in other compounds through substitution reactions. When reacted with water, chlorine undergoes an auto-oxidation/reduction reaction forming hydrochloric acid and hypochlorous acid.
Lab 4
This document discusses different types of chemical reactions including decomposition, synthesis, combustion, double replacement, and single replacement reactions. It provides examples of each type of reaction and explains the key features that define them. Double replacement reactions are highlighted, where a metal replaces a metal in a compound and a nonmetal replaces a nonmetal, forming a precipitate if one of the products is insoluble. Guidelines are provided for writing molecular, total ionic, and net ionic equations for double replacement reactions.
Lesson 4 The Halide Salts
The document summarizes the properties and reactions of halide salts. Halide ions such as I- act as reducing agents in reactions. When halide salts react with concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrogen halides are produced which can further reduce the acid. Iodide is the strongest reducing agent of the halide ions due to its ability to reduce sulfuric acid to sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. Bromide and chloride are weaker reducing agents.
Student ch 7 chemical reactions
1. The document provides information on different types of chemical reactions including synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion reactions. It gives examples of each type of reaction and has students practice writing and identifying reaction types.
2. Step-by-step instructions are provided for writing chemical equations, including identifying the reaction type, predicting products, and balancing the equation. Common diatomic elements are noted.
3. Additional details are given for specific reaction types like decomposition reactions, and for honors students, writing total ionic, net ionic and acid-base equations is explained using solubility rules. Practice problems are provided throughout for students.
Other Chem Presentation :))
The document describes a classic scheme for qualitatively analyzing 21 common cations. It involves a series of preliminary tests including adding HCl, NaOH, NH3, H2S, Na2CO3, and H2SO4. Certain cations form characteristic precipitates that allow their identification. The tests are used to separate the cations into groups, with Group I forming precipitates with HCl, Group II with H2S in acid, and Group III with H2S in base. Flame tests can also help identify some soluble cations.
How do you account for the reducing behaviour of h3 po2 on the basis of its s...
This document contains questions for a chemistry exam. It states that questions 1-10 are worth 1 mark each, questions 11-20 are worth 2 marks each, and question 21 is worth 5 marks. The questions cover various topics in chemistry including acids and bases, oxidation and reduction reactions, properties of elements and compounds, and preparation of chemicals.
AnaChem lab anions (group1-5) reviewer
This document lists various anions and their identifying chemical properties. It groups the anions based on which precipitation agent can be used to identify them. For each anion, the symbol, identifying reagent, and expected color change or precipitate are provided. This allows for the identification of anions based on their reactions with specific reagents.
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CATIONS OF ZINC GROUP.pdf
This document summarizes qualitative cation analysis of zinc group ions. It describes how zinc, cobalt, nickel, and manganese ions react with aqueous ammonia and sodium hydroxide. Zinc ions form white zinc hydroxide precipitates with both reagents that dissolve in excess. Cobalt ions form a blue hexaammine complex with ammonia. Nickel ions form a green precipitate with ammonia that dissolves to a blue complex in excess. Manganese ions similarly form white hydroxide precipitates with both reagents. The document was presented by Patamsetti Devi Prasad on qualitative cation analysis of the zinc group.
SI #16
The document contains a chemistry practice problem set with 10 multiple choice questions about reaction rates and rate laws. The questions cover topics such as how the rates of reactants and products are related in a chemical reaction, how to write rate laws from reaction equations, determining reaction orders from rate equations, and calculating rate constants. It also includes a nomenclature list of 38 chemical species.
Chemical Reactions
Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms, not their creation or destruction. Indications of a chemical reaction include the evolution of light, heat, gas, or a color change. Chemical equations use symbols to represent the reactants and products, with arrows or double arrows to show the reaction and whether it is reversible. For the equation to be balanced, it must have the same number and type of atoms on both sides according to the law of conservation of mass.
Salts and its applications final
ho guys this is Pranav from Class 10th .This is a PPT for the students who are in search of a ppt on Salts and its application ... If you like it please hit the like button
chemistry f4 chapter 8 salt
This document provides information about synthesizing and analyzing salts in chemistry. It discusses:
1) How to synthesize salts by reacting acids with metals, metal oxides, metal carbonates. Salts can be soluble or insoluble depending on their constituents.
2) Qualitative analysis of salts including color, gas tests, effects of heat. Salts can be identified by the gas produced or metal oxide left behind when heated.
3) Confirmatory tests to identify cations and anions in unknown salts using sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, and other reagents. Precipitate observations determine the present ions.
Single & double replacement reactions
1. The document discusses single and double replacement reactions, including the activity series of metals and halogens that can be used to predict products.
2. Single replacement reactions involve one element replacing another in a compound, following the activity series.
3. Double replacement reactions, also called metathesis reactions, involve two compounds exchanging ions when a new substance like water, gas, or precipitate is formed.
Effects of acid deposition
Acid deposition negatively impacts aquatic environments, forests, soil, and other organisms. It changes the pH of waterways, harming fish and aquatic invertebrates. It also causes stunted growth and underdeveloped root systems in plants. The acidity dissolves nutrients from the soil and increases toxic aluminum levels, inhibiting root nutrient intake in trees and making them more vulnerable to damage. Microbes and decomposition rates are also negatively impacted by acid deposition. While evidence of direct harm to larger animals is limited, they are impacted indirectly by changes to their habitats and food sources from acid deposition. Stricter emissions controls on vehicles and industries are needed to reduce sulfur and nitrogen oxide emissions to lessen acid deposition effects.
Scaling up hwts – the
The document outlines the building blocks necessary for successfully scaling up household water treatment and safe storage (HWTS) interventions. It discusses 9 key building blocks: 1) proven benefits, 2) private sector involvement, 3) academic partnerships, 4) defining ownership, 5) government leadership, 6) supportive policies, 7) national targets, 8) integration with other programs, and 9) sustainable funding. It also describes three essential environments for scaling up - enabling, developing, and sustaining. Finally, it provides an example case study of how Ghana developed national HWTS strategies and scaled up implementation over time based on evaluations and strategic planning.
More Related Content
What's hot
4th Lecture on Elements of groups 16, 17 & 18 | Chemistry Part I | 12th Std
The document provides information about sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4). It discusses the preparation, physical and chemical properties, structure, and uses of SO2. The preparation of H2SO4 using the contact process is described. The physical properties, acidic and dehydrating nature, and reactions of H2SO4 are covered. Important industrial uses of H2SO4 are also mentioned.
class-xChemical reaction corrosion and rancidity
it is too informative and it is use ful board examination preparation. it is also used as revision slides and remedial classes
Redoxhints
This document summarizes important oxidizers and reducers formed in redox reactions under different conditions. It lists common oxidizing agents like MnO4-, Cr2O7-2, and HNO3 that form reduced products like Mn(II), Cr(III), and NO in acid solutions. It also lists common reducers like halide ions, metals, and sulfite ions that form oxidized products like halogens, metal ions, and SO4-2. The document concludes that redox reactions involve electron transfer between oxidizing and reducing agents, and that acidic or basic conditions often indicate a redox reaction will occur.
Redox
Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between reactants, resulting in changes to their oxidation states. Oxidation is the loss of electrons or gain of oxygen, while reduction is the gain of electrons or loss of oxygen. The document provides examples of redox reactions and identifies the oxidizing and reducing agents and species undergoing oxidation and reduction. It also gives the oxidation states of elements in ammonium sulfate.
Basics of Chemical Reactions
This tackles the basics and the easiest concept of Chemical reactions. This features only the four basic types of chemical reactions: synthesis, decomposition, metathesis, and ion - exchange reaction.
This is a basic concept because there is a pattern to be followed in each type of reaction.
More types of chemical reactions will be given on my next set of presentation entitled, "Everything You Want to Know About Chemical Reactions."
Oxides and their classification
In this slide you can get about ,what are oxides and how they classify. In this slides I classify the oxides with respect to nature of oxides as well as the oxygen content in it.
Precipitation reaction
1. The document describes a precipitation reaction experiment to investigate which ionic compounds are soluble and insoluble when different metal and non-metal ion solutions are mixed.
2. Solubility rules are provided to make hypotheses about which reactions will produce precipitates.
3. The experiment involves adding drops of metal ion solutions to drops of non-metal ion solutions in a spotting plate and recording any precipitate formation and color.
Chemical Properties of Chlorine Gas
Chlorine exhibits several types of chemical reactions including oxidation, addition, substitution, and auto-oxidation/reduction reactions. It is a strong oxidizing agent that readily gains electrons and oxidizes many metals and nonmetals. Chlorine also directly combines with certain compounds through addition reactions and replaces atoms in other compounds through substitution reactions. When reacted with water, chlorine undergoes an auto-oxidation/reduction reaction forming hydrochloric acid and hypochlorous acid.
Lab 4
This document discusses different types of chemical reactions including decomposition, synthesis, combustion, double replacement, and single replacement reactions. It provides examples of each type of reaction and explains the key features that define them. Double replacement reactions are highlighted, where a metal replaces a metal in a compound and a nonmetal replaces a nonmetal, forming a precipitate if one of the products is insoluble. Guidelines are provided for writing molecular, total ionic, and net ionic equations for double replacement reactions.
Lesson 4 The Halide Salts
The document summarizes the properties and reactions of halide salts. Halide ions such as I- act as reducing agents in reactions. When halide salts react with concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrogen halides are produced which can further reduce the acid. Iodide is the strongest reducing agent of the halide ions due to its ability to reduce sulfuric acid to sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. Bromide and chloride are weaker reducing agents.
Student ch 7 chemical reactions
1. The document provides information on different types of chemical reactions including synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion reactions. It gives examples of each type of reaction and has students practice writing and identifying reaction types.
2. Step-by-step instructions are provided for writing chemical equations, including identifying the reaction type, predicting products, and balancing the equation. Common diatomic elements are noted.
3. Additional details are given for specific reaction types like decomposition reactions, and for honors students, writing total ionic, net ionic and acid-base equations is explained using solubility rules. Practice problems are provided throughout for students.
Other Chem Presentation :))
The document describes a classic scheme for qualitatively analyzing 21 common cations. It involves a series of preliminary tests including adding HCl, NaOH, NH3, H2S, Na2CO3, and H2SO4. Certain cations form characteristic precipitates that allow their identification. The tests are used to separate the cations into groups, with Group I forming precipitates with HCl, Group II with H2S in acid, and Group III with H2S in base. Flame tests can also help identify some soluble cations.
How do you account for the reducing behaviour of h3 po2 on the basis of its s...
This document contains questions for a chemistry exam. It states that questions 1-10 are worth 1 mark each, questions 11-20 are worth 2 marks each, and question 21 is worth 5 marks. The questions cover various topics in chemistry including acids and bases, oxidation and reduction reactions, properties of elements and compounds, and preparation of chemicals.
AnaChem lab anions (group1-5) reviewer
This document lists various anions and their identifying chemical properties. It groups the anions based on which precipitation agent can be used to identify them. For each anion, the symbol, identifying reagent, and expected color change or precipitate are provided. This allows for the identification of anions based on their reactions with specific reagents.
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CATIONS OF ZINC GROUP.pdf
This document summarizes qualitative cation analysis of zinc group ions. It describes how zinc, cobalt, nickel, and manganese ions react with aqueous ammonia and sodium hydroxide. Zinc ions form white zinc hydroxide precipitates with both reagents that dissolve in excess. Cobalt ions form a blue hexaammine complex with ammonia. Nickel ions form a green precipitate with ammonia that dissolves to a blue complex in excess. Manganese ions similarly form white hydroxide precipitates with both reagents. The document was presented by Patamsetti Devi Prasad on qualitative cation analysis of the zinc group.
SI #16
The document contains a chemistry practice problem set with 10 multiple choice questions about reaction rates and rate laws. The questions cover topics such as how the rates of reactants and products are related in a chemical reaction, how to write rate laws from reaction equations, determining reaction orders from rate equations, and calculating rate constants. It also includes a nomenclature list of 38 chemical species.
Chemical Reactions
Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms, not their creation or destruction. Indications of a chemical reaction include the evolution of light, heat, gas, or a color change. Chemical equations use symbols to represent the reactants and products, with arrows or double arrows to show the reaction and whether it is reversible. For the equation to be balanced, it must have the same number and type of atoms on both sides according to the law of conservation of mass.
Salts and its applications final
ho guys this is Pranav from Class 10th .This is a PPT for the students who are in search of a ppt on Salts and its application ... If you like it please hit the like button
chemistry f4 chapter 8 salt
This document provides information about synthesizing and analyzing salts in chemistry. It discusses:
1) How to synthesize salts by reacting acids with metals, metal oxides, metal carbonates. Salts can be soluble or insoluble depending on their constituents.
2) Qualitative analysis of salts including color, gas tests, effects of heat. Salts can be identified by the gas produced or metal oxide left behind when heated.
3) Confirmatory tests to identify cations and anions in unknown salts using sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, and other reagents. Precipitate observations determine the present ions.
Single & double replacement reactions
1. The document discusses single and double replacement reactions, including the activity series of metals and halogens that can be used to predict products.
2. Single replacement reactions involve one element replacing another in a compound, following the activity series.
3. Double replacement reactions, also called metathesis reactions, involve two compounds exchanging ions when a new substance like water, gas, or precipitate is formed.
What's hot (20)
4th Lecture on Elements of groups 16, 17 & 18 | Chemistry Part I | 12th Std
4th Lecture on Elements of groups 16, 17 & 18 | Chemistry Part I | 12th Std
How do you account for the reducing behaviour of h3 po2 on the basis of its s...
How do you account for the reducing behaviour of h3 po2 on the basis of its s...
Viewers also liked
Effects of acid deposition
Acid deposition negatively impacts aquatic environments, forests, soil, and other organisms. It changes the pH of waterways, harming fish and aquatic invertebrates. It also causes stunted growth and underdeveloped root systems in plants. The acidity dissolves nutrients from the soil and increases toxic aluminum levels, inhibiting root nutrient intake in trees and making them more vulnerable to damage. Microbes and decomposition rates are also negatively impacted by acid deposition. While evidence of direct harm to larger animals is limited, they are impacted indirectly by changes to their habitats and food sources from acid deposition. Stricter emissions controls on vehicles and industries are needed to reduce sulfur and nitrogen oxide emissions to lessen acid deposition effects.
Scaling up hwts – the
The document outlines the building blocks necessary for successfully scaling up household water treatment and safe storage (HWTS) interventions. It discusses 9 key building blocks: 1) proven benefits, 2) private sector involvement, 3) academic partnerships, 4) defining ownership, 5) government leadership, 6) supportive policies, 7) national targets, 8) integration with other programs, and 9) sustainable funding. It also describes three essential environments for scaling up - enabling, developing, and sustaining. Finally, it provides an example case study of how Ghana developed national HWTS strategies and scaled up implementation over time based on evaluations and strategic planning.
Scientific Evidence Indicates that Reducing NOx Emissions is the Most Effecti...
The document summarizes information presented by Errol Villegas at the Waste to Worth Conference on March 31, 2015 about the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District. The district implements air quality regulations for the San Joaquin Valley region, which experiences high levels of ozone and particulate pollution due to meteorological conditions and agricultural activity. Major studies conducted by the district provided insights into the formation of particulate matter such as ammonium nitrate and helped inform the district's stringent rules and incentive programs that have achieved over 80% reductions in stationary source emissions. Going forward, the district's strategy involves continuing regulations, incentives, technology advancement, and outreach efforts to further reduce health risks from air pollution.
Fokkens B. ECRR, Flood prevention and river restoration, Room for the river
1. Changes in the natural environment of a river
2. Loss of floodplain surface in upper Rhine
3. “Ecological obstacles”
4. River restoration ready for the future?
5. Restoring habitat connectivity
Dutch Government Water Management
Presented by representative of the Dutch Government, focussing on the past, present and future ways of managing water within the Netherlands, dealing strongly with flood prevention and safety measures
Cognitive Perspective - Schemas
Schemas are mental structures that help organize and simplify our knowledge of the world. They come from the Greek word "skhema" and were first studied by Frederic Bartlett in 1932 as part of constructive memory. Schemas are used to categorize information visually based on stereotypes of age, race, gender, and more. An activity had participants look at images of an office and a car collision then write down what they remembered to analyze how schemas influence memory. People tend to remember details that fit their schemas and sometimes fabricate details that belong in the theme.
Cognitive Perspective - Historical And Cultural Conditions
The document discusses the rise of cognitive psychology and its relationship to developments in brain scanning technology, computer science, and cultural conditions in the 20th century. It notes that advances like x-rays in 1895 allowed for more sophisticated brain scanning techniques over time. Noam Chomsky's 1959 critique of behaviorism marked a shift toward understanding language acquisition through cognitive processes rather than stimulus-response. As psychology sought to be a science, cognitive psychology embraced explanations based on experimental methods and computer modeling of mental processes.
Water Privatization
Coca Cola set up a plant in Rajasthan, India in 2000. Within 5 years, the groundwater level dropped significantly due to overexploitation by Coca Cola. Local farmers were no longer able to grow crops due to lack of water access and 60 villages were affected. Villagers organized protests against Coca Cola but were attacked. The company refused to provide water usage statistics. While the government has tried to negotiate, some Coca Cola plants were shut down due to exploitation issues.
Water & Soil
Cation-exchange capacity (CEC) is the soil's ability to hold positively charged ions and nutrients. Soils with higher clay or organic matter content have a greater CEC, allowing them to retain more nutrients and protect groundwater. The soil's pH also affects its CEC and nutrient availability. Higher pH increases CEC while acidic soils contain ions like hydrogen and aluminum that reduce CEC and nutrient uptake by plants.
Bhubaneswar-iitians
Cities face challenges from rapid urbanization including demands for resources that outpace supply. Sustainable cities aim to improve infrastructure to be more environmentally friendly and improve quality of life while cutting costs. Key aspects of sustainable cities include good governance at the metropolitan level to address local issues, as well as green technologies, public transport, energy and water management. While national policies can provide strategic direction, local leadership is also crucial for sustainable urban development.
Polder
The document discusses land reclamation through the process of empoldering. Empoldering involves building dikes around areas of low-lying land or shallow sea and draining the water to create usable land called polders. The Netherlands has significantly expanded its land area through large-scale empoldering projects, such as blocking off the Zuider Zee with a dike to form the freshwater Lake IJssel and reclaiming land to create the province of Flevoland. Empoldering involves building dikes, draining water through canals and pumps, and transforming saturated soil into fertile land for agriculture, housing and other purposes.
UNESCO Transboundary Waters
Transboundary water sharing often causes conflicts but has generally not led to war. Developing integrated river basin management requires institutional frameworks, equitable allocation agreements, and decision support systems using shared data. The Netherlands aims to establish a global center for water law and governance to help resolve international water issues.
Port of Rotterdam 3
The document provides an overview of the Port of Rotterdam, including its history, current operations, and future plans. It discusses how the port has expanded over time from a fishing village to become one of the largest ports in Europe. It also highlights key aspects of the modern port such as its container terminals, oil and chemical facilities, and security measures. The presentation aims to inform audiences and leave them with a lasting impression of the port.
Chemistry related damage of components in thermal power plant
This document discusses various types of chemical damage that can occur to components in a thermal power plant. It outlines corrosion mechanisms that affect the turbine, steam pipes, condenser tubes, feedwater heaters and boiler components. Some key corrosion issues mentioned include stress corrosion cracking, deposition, pitting, erosion and flow accelerated corrosion. The document also provides recommendations to reduce deposition through improved water treatment and chemistry optimization.
Boiler Water Treatment -
This document discusses boiler water treatment from Thermax Limited. It covers water chemistry issues like scaling, corrosion and carryover and their causes. It describes different treatment programs like phosphate, amine and oxygen scavenger dosing. Key steps of treatment include chemical dosing, monitoring water parameters, and preservation during shut down. The objective is to maintain water quality, prevent equipment damage, and ensure reliability and efficiency.
Viewers also liked (15)
Scientific Evidence Indicates that Reducing NOx Emissions is the Most Effecti...
Scientific Evidence Indicates that Reducing NOx Emissions is the Most Effecti...
Fokkens B. ECRR, Flood prevention and river restoration, Room for the river
Fokkens B. ECRR, Flood prevention and river restoration, Room for the river
Cognitive Perspective - Historical And Cultural Conditions
Cognitive Perspective - Historical And Cultural Conditions
Chemistry related damage of components in thermal power plant
Chemistry related damage of components in thermal power plant
Similar to Acid Deposition
E2 Acid Rain
Acid deposition refers to acidic particles and gases that deposit on earth through wet or dry deposition. Wet deposition is acid rain with a pH below 5.6, which removes acids from the atmosphere in rain or snow. Dry deposition occurs when particles like sulfates and nitrates or gases like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides deposit on surfaces and later form acids when contacting water. Acid rain is caused by oxides of sulfur and nitrogen originating from fossil fuel combustion, smelting, vehicle emissions, and natural processes like volcanoes and bacteria. When these oxides react with water and oxygen in the air and atmosphere, they form acids like sulfuric acid and nitric acid which fall to earth as acid rain.
C20 Review Unit 02 Chemical Reactions
1) A chemical reaction can be differentiated from a phase change or nuclear change based on whether it involves a change in chemical composition, state of matter, or type of element.
2) In a chemical reaction, reactants yield products through the rearrangement of atoms. Chemical equations use symbols to represent the reactants and products.
3) Evidence that a chemical reaction occurred includes the release or absorption of energy, production of a gas, formation of a precipitate, or a color change.
Tang 02 balancing redox reactions 2
The document discusses balancing redox reactions using the half-reaction method. It provides several examples of writing and balancing half-reactions and using them to derive the overall balanced redox equation. Key steps include separating the reaction into oxidation and reduction half-reactions, balancing all elements except H and O, adding H2O to balance O, adding H+ or OH- to balance H, and adding electrons to balance charge.
Chapter 8: Reactions in Aqueous Solution
This chapter discusses different types of chemical reactions in aqueous solutions. It introduces driving forces that cause reactions, such as formation of a solid, water, or gas. It explains how to predict products using solubility rules and oxidation-reduction reactions when metals react with nonmetals. Reactions are classified into double displacement, acid-base, single replacement, combustion, synthesis, or decomposition reactions based on their driving forces.
pblockelementssyjc1.pdf
P block elements we will discuss about a properties of P block how the non metals are reacting how they are metalloids how the halogens are reacted what are the properties and other
04 Solutions
This document discusses different types of chemical reactions including precipitation, acid-base, and oxidation-reduction reactions. It provides examples of strong acids, weak acids, and bases. Neutralization reactions between acids and bases are described which produce water and a salt. Oxidation and reduction are defined as the loss or gain of electrons respectively. Half-reaction and oxidation state rules are outlined for balancing redox reactions.
P – block elements 12 Classes
The document discusses the group 16 (oxygen family) elements of the periodic table. It covers their general electronic configuration of ns2np4, trends in periodic properties like atomic radius and ionization energy decreasing down the group. It describes the common oxidation states of -2, +2, +4 and +6. It also discusses the formation of hydrides, halides, oxides and reactions with air, acids, alkalis and metals for these chalcogen elements.
Formula list form 4
Chemical formulae, equations, calculations, and reactions are summarized. Molar mass, moles, volume, and molarity calculations are explained for gases, solids, liquids, and solutions. Common cationic and anionic symbols are listed. Formulae for common compounds are provided. Group 1 and 17 elements and their reactions are summarized. Electrochemistry concepts like electrolytes, ionization, and the discharge of ions are condensed. Acid-base reactions and properties are highlighted at a high level. Solubility, preparation, color, and the effect of heating on salts are briefly touched upon.
Spm chemistry formula list form 4
Chemical formulae, equations, calculations, and reactions are summarized. Molar mass, moles, volume, and molarity calculations are explained for gases, solids, liquids, and solutions. Common cationic and anionic symbols are listed. Formulae for molecules and ions are provided. Periodic trends and reactions of Groups 1 and 17 are summarized. Electrochemistry principles of electrolytes, discharge reactions, and test observations are condensed. Characteristics of acids, bases, and ionization are highlighted. Solubility, preparation, color, and effects of heating for various salts are summarized concisely.
Chemistry: Analysis of Anions
The document discusses qualitative inorganic analysis of anions, specifically focusing on carbonates/bicarbonates and sulfur-containing anions. It describes the general characteristics, properties, reactions and tests to identify these anions. Carbonates and bicarbonates are identified through reactions with acids that produce carbon dioxide gas. Sulfur-containing anions like sulfides, sulfites and thiosulfates can be identified through reactions that produce hydrogen sulfide gas, sulfur dioxide gas or sulfur precipitates.
Atmosphere And Environment (4 E1)
Joseph Priestley conducted experiments in the late 18th century that led to the isolation of oxygen and the development of carbonated drinks. The document then discusses the composition of air and methods for separating air into its components. It describes common air pollutants like carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide along with their sources and harmful effects. Methods for reducing air pollution through the use of catalytic converters and flue gas desulfurization are also summarized.
Atmosphere And Environment (4 E1)
Joseph Priestley conducted experiments in the late 18th century that led to the isolation of oxygen and the development of carbonated drinks. The document then discusses the composition of air and methods for separating air into its components. It also describes common air pollutants like carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide along with their major sources and harmful effects. Methods for reducing air pollution through the use of catalytic converters and flue gas desulfurization are also summarized.
Hydrogen
This document discusses hydrogen, including its position in the periodic table, isotopes, methods of preparation, properties, and uses. Key points include:
1. Hydrogen is the lightest element with an atomic number of 1. It exists as diatomic molecules (H2) and has an anomalous position in the periodic table.
2. Methods of preparing hydrogen include the electrolysis of water and reactions of metals like zinc with acids. Hydrogen has uses as a fuel and in reducing reactions.
3. Hydrogen peroxide is another topic discussed, with methods of preparation like the anthraquinone process. It is a strong oxidizing agent with many uses in industry and medicine.
Industrial chemistry
Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye or caustic soda, is a highly caustic metallic base. It is a white crystalline solid that is odorless, highly soluble in water, and very corrosive. The three main industrial processes for manufacturing sodium hydroxide are the mercury cell process, Nelson diaphragm cell process, and membrane cell process, all of which involve the electrolysis of brine solutions. Sodium hydroxide has a wide variety of industrial uses including in soap making, as a cleaning agent, in aluminum production, and in the paper pulp industry. It can cause severe burns upon contact with skin or tissues due to its highly exothermic and caustic reactions.
Types Of Reactions
The document defines and provides examples of 5 main types of chemical reactions: synthesis, decomposition, single-replacement, double-replacement, and combustion. It describes synthesis reactions as forming new compounds from reactants combining. Decomposition reactions involve a single compound breaking down into multiple products. Single-replacement reactions occur when one element replaces a similar element in a compound. Double-replacement reactions involve ion exchange between compounds forming new compounds. Combustion reactions involve a fuel combining with oxygen to produce energy, water, and carbon dioxide.
Sources Of Air Pollutants
The main sources of air pollutants are both natural and man-made. Naturally, carbon monoxide is produced by methane oxidation and bacterial decomposition. Oxides of nitrogen occur through lightning and bacteria. Sulfur dioxide forms from volcanic activity and bacteria. Particulates originate from sandstorms, volcanoes and fires. Volatile organic compounds are emitted by vegetation, bacteria, and methane-producing animals. Man-made sources include fossil fuel and industrial combustion, vehicular exhaust, smelting, and petroleum extraction/refining which release carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, particulates, and volatile organic compounds into the atmosphere.
10 Reduction And Oxidation
The document discusses oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions and oxidation numbers. It provides examples of half reactions and full redox reactions formed by combining half reactions. Oxidation involves an increase in oxidation state through loss of electrons, while reduction involves a decrease in oxidation state through gain of electrons. The species donating electrons is the reducing agent, while the species gaining electrons is the oxidizing agent.
Chapter 8.2 : Types of Chemical Reactions
This document defines and provides examples of different types of chemical reactions including synthesis, decomposition, single-replacement, and double-replacement reactions. Synthesis reactions involve two or more reactants combining to form a new compound. Decomposition reactions involve a single compound breaking down into simpler substances. Single-replacement reactions involve one element replacing a similar element in a compound. Double-replacement reactions involve the ions of two compounds exchanging places to form two new compounds, often a precipitate or gas. Combustion reactions involve a substance combining with oxygen to release energy in the form of light and heat. Examples of each type of reaction are given.
Group 16 - Class XII
The document summarizes key information about group 16 elements (oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and polonium) and their compounds. It describes their electronic configurations, physical properties like melting points and boiling points, oxidation states, and common compounds. It provides details on the preparation, properties, and reactions of important oxygen compounds like ozone, sulfur dioxide, and sulfuric acid. It also notes some anomalies of oxygen compared to other group 16 elements.
Redox
The document defines oxidation and reduction (redox) reactions in terms of oxygen/hydrogen gain or loss, electron transfer, and changes in oxidation state. It provides examples of redox reactions like combustion and corrosion. Oxidation is defined as gaining oxygen, losing hydrogen, losing electrons, or increasing oxidation state. Reduction is the opposite - gaining electrons or decreasing oxidation state. Mnemonics like "OIL-RIG" are given to help remember the definitions.
Similar to Acid Deposition (20)
Recently uploaded
clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
The History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit - NGV Pavilion Concept Design
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
DRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
Any substance (other than food) that is used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or relieve symptoms of a
disease or abnormal condition
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS Template 2023-2024 by: Irene S. Rueco
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
Covered community pharmacy topic of the subject Social and preventive pharmacy for Diploma and Bachelor of pharmacy
Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar KanvariaRecently uploaded (20)
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...