The document discusses water management in the Netherlands, detailing its historical challenges with flooding and land reclamation efforts, while emphasizing the current vulnerabilities due to sea level rise and climate change. It projects future risks and necessary adaptations for urban development, agriculture, and freshwater intake, highlighting various strategies such as building with nature and river management. Financial estimates for ongoing and future initiatives are also provided, suggesting significant investment needs to mitigate flood risks and maintain water levels.

1. Watermanagement in the Netherlands Past, Present and Future Ruud Staverman Rijkswaterstaat

3. The Netherlands: Population: 16 million inhabitants Area: 41.526 km2

4. The Netherlands: Population: 16 million inhabitants Area: 41.526 km2 = US States Vermont + New Hampshire (1.8 million)

5. 7000 Bc 5500 Bc

7. Precipitation and evapotranspiration

8. The Netherlands: a Delta of 4 international rivers

9. Past: A constant fight against the water Amsterdam Haarlem St Elisabeth flood of 1421 Alblasserwaard

10. Reclamation in the 17 th Century Drainage by windmills

11. Several floods

12. Landreclamation in the 20th century

13. Storm disaster of February 1 st , 1953

14. Flooded area in 1953, 1800 casualties FLOODED

15. The Deltaworks

16. Maeslantkering

17. Present: the Vulnerability for flooding

19. the “(pair of) scissors”: Subsidence and Sea level rise Past Present, Future

20. Will this be the future? Dike Increase of water discharge Water level compared to the surface level Soil subsidence = Zero level

21. Present and future : Urban development, the need for housing

22. What future to anticipate on? Sea level rise: 2050: + 0.4 m 2100: + 0.65 - 1.30 m 2200: + 2 - 4 m

23. Climate change (1): Seawater expands + ice melts: sealevel rises Period of heavy rainfall: damage Rivers discharge more water in the winter period Result: Increase risks of flooding

24. Climate change (2) Extreme droughts in summer: damage in agriculture, low waters: inland navigation, and additional soil subsidence Salt intrusion from the sea: Problems with intake of drinking water Damage for agriculture and industries Higher temperature of riverwater: Cooling problems for power plants

25. Future River discharges: Summer: 1700 m 3 /s  700 m 3 /s in 2100 Winter: 16.000 m 3 /s  18.000 m 3 /s in 2100

26. R3294 E000418n Room for the Rhine branches

27. The high waters of 1993 and 1995 lead to the implementation of Delta (major rivers) plan

28. Future: We stay in the (floodprone) part of the Netherlands, Solidarity among inhabitants and generations Work with natural processes “building with nature” Your solutions: Rivers? N orth Sea coast? IJsselmeer area?

30. ? Rivers ?

31. Rivers: De-poldering Building houses on raised platforms /mounds along the dike Overdiepse polder

32. Rivers: Dike relocation Hondsbroekse Pleij

33. Rivers ‘ Room for the River’ Land aquisition on strategic locations International catchmentwise cooperation

34. A Deltaplan for the large rivers 39 Measures, until 2015

35. ? N orth Sea coast ?

36. North Sea Coast: Nourishment works, Follow the sealevel rise strandsuppletie onderwater suppletie

37. North Sea Coast: Building with Nature, use sand from the Sea

38. ? IJsselmeer area ?

39. IJsselmeer area IJsselmeer remains strategic fresh water reservoir Water level IJsselmeer rises with sea level, up to 1.5 m above present  free discharge Water level Markermeer remains unchanged

40. Costs: < 2050: 1,2 tot 1,6 billion euro /yr 2050 – 2100: 0,9 tot 1,5 billion euro /yr Beach nourishment for coastal land reclamation: 0.1 – 0.3 billion euro/yr

41. The End Thank you for your attention