Titration is a technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution by using a solution of known concentration. The known solution is called the standard solution and the unknown solution is called the sample solution. Their concentrations can be calculated using the principle of M1V1=M2V2, where M1 and V1 are the molarity and volume of the unknown solution and M2 and V2 are the molarity and volume of the known solution. In acid-base titration, an acid or base of unknown concentration is neutralized by a standard solution of base or acid. Instruments like a burette, flask, stirrer, and pipette are used. The procedure involves adding the known solution from the

1. Acid Base
Titration
Muhammad Mubashar Noor
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Sir Noor ud Din

2. Titration
A titration is a technique where a solution of known
concentration is used to determine the concentration of an
unknown solution.
 A solution whose concentration is known is called as Standard
Solution.
 The solution whose concentration is unknown is called as
Sample Solution.

3. Principle of Titration
M1V1=M2V2
where
M1 Molarity of Unknown Solution
V1 Volume of Unknown Solution
M2 Molarity of Known Solution
V2 Volume of Known Solution

4. Acid Base Titration
An acid–base titration is a method of quantitative
analysis for determining the concentration of
an acid or base by exactly neutralizing it with a standard
solution of base or acid having known concentration.
Instruements
 Burette
 Conical Flask
 Magnetic Stirrer
 Pipette
 Funnel

6. NaOH + HCL NaCl + H2O
Procedure:-
• If the solution of NaOH is known. While the solution of
HCl is unknown.
• Firstly we take the solution of HCl in a Flask by the help of
pipette so that we know its volume.
• Then we add an indicator in the solution of HCl.
• After this we add a solution of NaOH in a burete through
a funnel and calculate its initial volume.
• Then we slowly open the tap of the burete and start
titration and allows the NaOH solution to fall in HCl
solution.

7. • Magnetic stirrer is used to improve the mixing of NaOH
solution in HCl solution contatining indicator
• After some time end point occurs at which HCl solution
starts changing its colour permanently.
• This end point is also called as Neutralization Point.
• At end point we stop titration by closing the tap of the
burete and calculate the final volume of NaOH solution
present in the burete.
Volume of NaOH= V1 = Initial Volume – Final Volume
= 50 – 42
V1 = 8ml

8. Calculations
M1V1=M2V2
M1x10 = 0.1x8
M1 = 0.1x8
10
M1 = 0.08 M

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