Pathogen safety data sheet, Bacillus anthracis pathogen safety data sheet, Histoplasma capsulatum pathogen safety data sheet, Herpes virus pathogen safety data sheet

1. Pathogen Safety
Data Sheet
Bacillus anthracis
Histoplasma capsulatum
Herpes B Virus

2. Contribution
Presentors
Muhammad Mubashar Noor
Sajida Batool
Arjmand Shamraiz
Data Collection & Slide Preparation
Ayesha Ashraf
Maryam Sana
Jaweria Hameed

3. Pathogen Safety Data Sheet
Pathogen Safety Data Sheets (PSDSs) are technical documents that describe
the hazardous properties of a human pathogen and provide
recommendations for work involving these agents in a laboratory setting.
It has Nine Sections.
INFECTIOUS
AGENT
MEDICAL
HEALTH
HAZARD
LABORATOR
Y HAZARDS
DISSEMINAT
ION
VIABILITY
HANDLING
INFORMATI
ON
RECOMMEN
DED
PRECAUTIO
NS
MISCELLANE
OUS
INFORMATI
ON

4. Bacillus
anthracis
Muhammad Mubashar
Noor

5.  General
Characteristics
 Aerobic
 Large Gram positive rods occurring in
chains
 Non-motile
 Forms resistant spores
 Found in a soil

6. HEALTH HAZARD
• Cutaneous anthrax
• inhalation anthrax
• intestinal anthrax

7. Epidemiology
Infrequent and sporadic in most industrial countries occupational hazard of
workers who process hides, hair, wool, bone and bone products; of laboratory
workers and of veterinarians and agricultural workers who handle infected
animals; endemic in agricultural regions where anthrax in animals is common
(Africa, Asia and Middle East).
Mode of Transmission
Infection of skin by contact with infected animal tissues and possible by biting
flies feeding on such animals, or by contaminated hair, wool, hides or products
made from them; inhalation anthrax results from inhalation of spores in
contaminated soil areas, dried or processed skins and hides of infected animals;
intestinal anthrax from ingestion of contaminated undercooked meat

8. Risk Group
Risk Group 2 is assigned to this pathogen in NIH
(2016).
HOST RANGE
Humans, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs.
INFECTIOUS DOSE
8,000 to 50,000 organisms by inhalation.
INCUBATION PERIOD
Within 7 days of exposure, usually 2 to 5.
COMMUNICABILITY
Transmission from person to person is very rare.

9. RESERVOIR
Spores are resistant to adverse environmental
conditions and remain viable for years in soil, dried or
processed hides
ZOONOSIS
Yes
VECTORS
Infection of skin may possibly occur through biting
flies which had fed on infected animals

10. DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY
• Susceptible to penicillin (except for inhalation
anthrax) ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, tetracylines,
erythromycin, chloramphenicol.
• Spores are resistant to many disinfectants;
susceptible to 2% glutaraldehyde formaldehyde and
5% formalin.
PHYSICAL INACTIVATION
Spores are highly resistant to drying, heat, and
sunlight; adequate sterilization requires direct exposure
to 121°C for at least 30 min.
Spores remain viable in soil, skins and hides of
infected animals and contaminated air and wool for
decades.

11. SURVEILLANCE
Monitor for suspicious skin lesions and other symptoms; laboratory
confirmation through direct microscopy, culture, immunological techniques.
FIRST AID/TREATMENT
Prompt treatment with high-dose antibiotics.
IMMUNIZATION
Vaccine available through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and is
recommended for those workers with frequent exposure to clinical specimens
and cultures; vaccination of cattle or other livestock may be justified in anthrax-
endemic areas.

12. LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS
45 cases with 5 deaths occurring primarily in facilities conducting anthrax
research.
SOURCES
Blood, rarely in urine and faeces , hair, wool, bone and bone products, and tissues
from infected animals.
PRIMARY HAZARDS
Direct and indirect contact of skin with cultures and contaminated laboratory
surfaces; accidental parenteral inoculation; exposure to infectious aerosols
SPECIAL HAZARDS
Naturally and experimentally infected animals pose a risk to laboratory and
animal care personnel.

13. CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS
Biosafety level 3 practices and facilities are
recommended for work with anthrax.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
• Use of adequate protective clothing (gloves,
gowns with tight wrists and ties in back).
• Facilities for washing and changing clothes
afterr work.
• Use of mask when there is a risk of contact
with aerosols.
• Care of skin abrasions and proper handling
of potentially contaminated articles is
essential

14. If Spills occur
Gently cover spill with paper towels and apply
suitable disinfectant (glutaraldehyde, formalin),
starting at the perimeter and working towards the
centre and allow sufficient contact time before
clean up.
DISPOSAL
• Steam sterilization of cultures and infected
materials.
• Animals that have died from anthrax should be
burned or deeply buried and covered with lime.

15. STORAGE
In sealed containers that are appropriately labelled
and secured in a level 3 facility.
First aid Treatment
• Antibiotic therapy
• Washing of hands
• Immunization recommended only for personal
working with bacterial cultures.

16. Histoplasma capsulatum
Sajida Batool

17. Section 1:
Infectious Agent
Characteristics
• Tele-morph : Sexually reproductive
stage (Ajellomyces capsulatus)
• Dimorphic fungal pathogen
• Convert into yeast under appropriate
conditions

18. Section II:
Hazard
Identification
• Section II: Hazard Identification
• Pathogenicity/Toxicity:
• Usually present as Pulmonary infection,
may be transient or chronic.
• Wide spread infection (dissemination 
Chronic illness) through body has resulted in
death.
• Symptoms:
• Appear within 1 week and include fever,
chills, headache, fatigue, loss of appetite.

19. Epidemiology:
• Approx. 80% of general population tested have shown hypersensitivity.
• Most children presented mild to no symptoms.
• Immune compromised individuals are at increased risk of infection.
Risk group:
The risk group of this pathogen is 3.
Host range:
i. Humans
ii. Animals (horse, cattle, sheep, dogs, cats, rats)
Infection caused:
H. capsulatum is the causative agent of “Histoplasmosis”.
Natural modes of infection:
• Inhalation of spores.
• Also by contact with mucosa or non-intact skin.

20. Infectious dose:
• (5 yeast cells) or (10 spores)
Incubation period:
• Symptoms appear 1-3 weeks after initial infection and 4-7 days after re-
infection.
Communicability:
• Only transmitted from one person to other through tissue or organ
transplant.

21. Section III: Dissemination
Reservoir
• Nitrogen rich soils
• Both bird and bat droppings
Zoonosis
• Not transmitted between animals
and humans.
• Transfer from soil having
contamination.
Vector
• None

23. Section IV:Stability And
Viability
Drug susceptibility
• Amphotericin B
• Azole group of antifungal drugs
• Ketoconazole
• Itraconazole
• fluconazole

24. Susceptibility to disinfectants
• 1% solution of sodium hypochlorite
• 2% phenol
• 2 % gluteraldehyde
• Isopropyl alcohol
• Formaldehyde
Physical inactivation
• Temperature above 40
• pH below 5
• Dry conditions

25. Section V :First Aid And Medical
Surveillance:
• Monitor for symptoms
• Identification of Histoplasam Capsulatum
i. Using Giema and Wright’s stain of blood and bone marrow samples
ii. Using Grocott-Gomori methenamine silver and periodic
acid-Schiff stains for tissue samples
• Test for Identification
i. Histoplasma polysaccharide antigen test
ii. Real time PCR for bone marrow samples
iii. Nested PCR for unique proteins

27. Section VI-Laboratory Hazards
Hazard Identification:
• Primary Hazard:
i. Inhalation of spores possess greatest risk.
ii. Accidental parenteral inoculation results in cutaneous infections.
• Special Hazard:
Handling or dealing with soil samples may cause pulmonary infections in laboratory
workers.

28. • Laboratory Acquired Infections (LAI):
 81 cases were reported, 01 associated with death in humans(while working with soil
samples)
 Death occur 51 days after symptoms appeared.
• Sources:
 Blood, urine, lymph node, soil, bone marrow, sputum(mucous from lower airways)

29. Section VII-Personal Protection
• Risk Group Classification
Risk Group 3
• Containment Requirements:
Containment level 3 facilitates, equipment, and operational operational practices
for work involving:
Infectious or potentially infectious animals and cultures

30. Protective Clothing:
• Dedicated laboratory clothing and shoes
• Solid front gowns with tight fitting wrist and
gloves
• Respiratory and Eye protection
Other Precautions:
• Use of biological safety cabinet(BSC) or other
primary containment devices
• Use of sealed safety cups and rotors for
centrifugation
• Avoid needles, syringes and other sharp objects
• Open wounds,cuts,and scratches should be
covered with waterproof dressing

31. Spills
• Allow sufficient contact time before clean up(30)
• Allow aerosols to settle and wearing protective
clothing
• Cover spill with paper towel and apply suitable
disinfectant (starting at the perimeter and
working towards the center)
Disposal:
• Decontaminate before disposal using steam
sterilization, incineration, and/or chemical
disinfection.
Storage:
Store in sealed containers that are
appropriately labelled.
Section VIII-
Handling and
Storage

32. Section IX-
Regulatory
and Other
Information
Regulatory Information:
The import, and transport, use of pathogens in
Canada is regulated under:
i. Public Health Agency of Canada
ii. Canadian Food Inspection Agency
• Users are responsible for ensuring they are
compliant with all relevant acts,guidelines,and
standards
Updated:
November 2010

33. Prepared by
Pathogen Regulation Directorate, Public
Health Agency of Canada

34. Herpes B Virus
( Monkey B Virus )
Presenter : Arjmand Shamraiz

35. Herpes B virus
• Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1,
Herpesvirus simiae, or Herpes virus B is
the Simplexvirus infecting macaque
monkeys.
• Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 is an
alphaherpesvirus, which consists of a
subset of herpes viruses that travel
within hosts using the peripheral nerves
• Scientific name: Macacineherpesvirus 1
Higher classification: Simplexvirus
Phylum: Peploviricota
Order : Herpesvirales
Rank: Species
Family: Herpesviridae

36.  SECTION- I INFECTIOUS AGENT
Name:
Cercopithecinae herpes virus 1 (CHV-1).
Synonym or cross reference:
Herpes simiae virus, herpesvirus simiae, B virus, herpes
B virus, herpes B, monkey B virus, W virus, monkey
herpes infection.
Characteristics:
 CHV-1 is an enveloped icosapentahedral virion,
measuring approximately 160 to 180 nm in diameter,
and has a double-stranded DNA genome.

37.  Section II - Hazard Identification
Pathogenicity
Neurological symptoms follow 3 to 7 days later including nausea,vomiting, persistent
headache,confusion, dizziness, dysarthria, cranial nerve palsies, and ataxia .
Epidemiology
Host Range
human ,rabbits, dogs, monkey mice and guinea pigs
Infectious Dose
 unknown
Modes of Transmission:
Direct and indirect intact
Incubation Period
reported range is 2 days to 5 weeks, although most cases fall into a range of 5 to 21 days
Communicability:
Person to person.

38. Section III – Dissemination
• Reservoir:
The rhesus macaque (M. mulatta) and the long-
tailed macaque (M. fascicularis) are the main natural
reservoirs.
• Zoonosis:
Yes, through direct or indirect contact with the
bodily fluids of CHV-1 infected monkeys
• Vectors:
None.

39. .

40.  SECTION IV
– STABILITY AND
VIABILITY
Drug Susceptibility: CHV-1 is
susceptible to the antiviral drugs
acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir.
Susceptibility to Disinfectants: CHV-
1 is susceptible to fresh 0.25%
hypochlorite solution, povidone-iodine,
and chlorhexidine .
Physical Inactivation: Exposure to
ultraviolet light and heat (56°C for at
least 30 minutes) will inactivate CHV-
1.
Survival Outside Host:
 Storage of CHV-1 in tissue culture
medium (pH 7.2, 4°C) was shown to
result in a slight loss in viability after
8 weeks .
 All infectivity of CHV-1 is lost after
storage in tissue culture media at 40°C
for 2 weeks .

41.  SECTION V – FIRST AID / MEDICAL
Survillance:
Methods of detection of CHV-1 in suspected cases include viral culture of the
agent from swab specimens, cerebrospinal fluid.
PCR, Western blot, MRI(Magnetic Resonance Ionization), CAT(Computerized
Axial Tomography) and EEG(Electroencephalogram) of the brain can also be used
to detect the neurological signs of CHV-1 infection.
 All bites and scratches should be immediately cleaned with soap or detergent for
at least 20 minutes, and eyes and mucous membranes should be vigorously rinsed
with sterile saline .
Immunization:
None
Propylaxis:
Three agents are used i.e acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir. The drug of
choice is valacyclovir .

42. .

43.  SECTION VI - LABORATORY HAZARDS
Labortary Aquired Infections:
• Virtually all known CHV-1 infections were laboratory acquired and of approximately 40
to 50 cases reported worldwide
Sources or Specimens:
• Blood, saliva, conjunctival fluid, or urogenital secretions of infected macaques .
Primary Hazards:
• Bite
• Exposure of broken skin

44.  SECTION VII –
EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
• Risk Group Classification: Risk Group 4.
• Containment Requirement: Containment Level 4 facilities
• Protective Clothing: Solid front gowns, respiratory protection,eye protection.
OTHER PRECAUTIONS:
BSC(BioSaftey Cabinet)
Positive pressure suit
Open wound covered with water proof dressing.

45. Section VIII - Handling and Storage
Spills
Allow aerosols
to settle
gently cover
spill with
paper towels
apply suitable
disinfectants
Disposal
steam
sterilisation,
chemical
disinfection,
incineration
or by gaseous
methods.
Storage sealed,
leak-proof
containers
Suitable .