This document discusses peptic ulcers, which are erosions in the lining of the stomach or duodenum caused by an excess of stomach acid and pepsin. Peptic ulcers can be caused by H. pylori infection, NSAID use, or Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Symptoms include abdominal pain and bleeding. Treatment involves eliminating causes, using acid-reducing medications, antibiotics for H. pylori, and surgery for complications. Endoscopy is used to diagnose and treat ulcers.
This PPT covers the Pathophysiology of Peptic ulcer. It includes factors causing peptic ulcer, factors causing peptic ulcer, diagnosis and complications of peptic ulcer.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
introduction for renal system
nephron
protein & urine
definition of microalbuminuria
causes
atherosclerosis role
DM role (micro¯ovascular changes due to atherosclerosis )
Hypertension role
possible sign and symptoms associated with microalbuminuria
enjoooooooooy ....... :)
THIS SLIDE CONTAIN ABOUT QUALITATIVE TEST, STRUCTURE AND USES OF DIFFERENT CARBONYL COMPOUNDS LIKE FORMALDEHYDE, PARALDEHYDE, ACETONE, CHLORAL HYDRATE, HEXAMINE, BENZALDEHYDE, VANILIN AND CINNAMALDEHYDE
Anemia, iron deficiency anemia, hematinics, iron compounds as hematinics, ferrous sulfate, Assay of ferrous sulfate, cerimetry, medicinal uses of ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, medicinal uses of ferrous gluconate
This PPT covers the Pathophysiology of Peptic ulcer. It includes factors causing peptic ulcer, factors causing peptic ulcer, diagnosis and complications of peptic ulcer.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
introduction for renal system
nephron
protein & urine
definition of microalbuminuria
causes
atherosclerosis role
DM role (micro¯ovascular changes due to atherosclerosis )
Hypertension role
possible sign and symptoms associated with microalbuminuria
enjoooooooooy ....... :)
THIS SLIDE CONTAIN ABOUT QUALITATIVE TEST, STRUCTURE AND USES OF DIFFERENT CARBONYL COMPOUNDS LIKE FORMALDEHYDE, PARALDEHYDE, ACETONE, CHLORAL HYDRATE, HEXAMINE, BENZALDEHYDE, VANILIN AND CINNAMALDEHYDE
Anemia, iron deficiency anemia, hematinics, iron compounds as hematinics, ferrous sulfate, Assay of ferrous sulfate, cerimetry, medicinal uses of ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, medicinal uses of ferrous gluconate
Doctors know it is not an uncommon situation that patients using proton-pump inhibitors have problems with low iron and even iron deficiency.
Non-heme iron absorption is dependent on an acidic stomach in order for the iron to be released and eventually absorbed.
Achlorhydria does not concern heme iron.
Heme iron is taken up efficiently as a whole structure leaving no free iron ions to irritate.
Uptake is not dependent on stomach acid.
Acloridria refere-se a estados onde a produção de ácido gástrico no estômago está baixa ou mesmo ausente, o que prejudica a digestão de proteínas, inibindo a ativação da enzima pepsina, dependente de um baixo pH gástrico.
Como o ácido facilita a absorção do ferro não-heme, cerca de 25% dos pacientes com acloridria desenvolvem anemia por deficiência de ferro.
Peptic ulcer : definition , types, difference between gastric and duodenal ulcer, etiology, Pathophysiology ,Sign and symptoms, Complication, diagnostic test
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
4. • Acute
– Superficial erosion
– Minimal erosion
• Chronic
– Muscular wall erosion with formation of fibrous
tissue
– Present continuously for many months or
intermittently
5. • Peptic ulcers are the end result of an imbalance
between digestive fluids in the stomach and
duodenum.
• Ulcers can be caused by:
– Infection with a type of bacteria called Helicobacter pylori
(H. pylori)
– Use of painkillers called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, ibuprofen
– Excess acid production from gastrinomas, tumors
producing gastrin which act on the acid producing cells of
the stomach that increases acid output (Zollinger-Ellison
syndrome).
6. • (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome) is caused by a
gastrin-secreting tumor of the pancreas that
stimulates the acid-secreting cells of the
stomach to maximal
activity, with consequent
gastrointestinal mucosal
ulceration
7.
8. • Those who are infected with the H. pylori bacterium
• Take NSAIDs such as aspirin, ibuprofen
• Have a family history of ulcers
• Drink alcohol regularly
• Are 50 years old or older
• Stress/anxiety
9. • Two mechanisms
– Mucus forms a layer that entraps or slows
diffusion of hydrogen ions(HCl) across mucosal
barrier
– Bicarbonate is secreted
• Neutralizes HCl acid in lumen of GI tract
10. • An ulcer may or may not have symptoms. When symptoms occur,
they may include:
• A burning pain in the middle or upper stomach between meals or
at night
• Heartburn
• Nausea or vomiting
• Bloating
• In severe cases, symptoms can include:
• Dark or black stool (due to bleeding)
• Vomiting blood (that can look like "coffee-grounds")
• Weight loss
• Severe pain in the mid to upper abdomen
13. • Tests for H. pylori
– Noninvasive tests
• Serum or whole blood antibody tests
–Immunoglobin G (IgG)
• Urea breath test
– Invasive tests
• Biopsy of stomach
14. – Determines degree of ulcer
healing after treatment
– Tissue specimens can be
obtained to identify H. pylori
and to rule out gastric cancer
15. How Are Ulcers Treated?
• Lifestyle Changes to Treat an Ulcer
To treat an ulcer, first eliminate substances that
can be causing the ulcers. If you smoke or
drink alcohol, stop. If the ulcer is believed to
be caused by the use of NSAIDs, they need to
be stopped.
16. • Ulcer Medications
Proton pump inhibitors (PPI). Proton pump
medications reduce acid levels and allow the
ulcer to heal
Antibiotics. If you have H. pylori infection, then
antibiotics are used.
17. • Upper Endoscopy: Some bleeding ulcers can
be treated through an endoscope.
• Surgery. Sometimes an operation is needed if
the ulcer has created a hole in the wall of the
stomach or if there is serious bleeding that
can't be controlled with an endoscope
18. • No. In fact, milk can make an ulcer worse.
Milk provides brief relief of ulcer pain because
it coats the stomach lining. But milk can also
stimulate the stomach to produce more acid
and digestive juices, which can aggravate
ulcers.
19. • Achlorhydria or hypochlorhydria refers to
states where the production of gastric acid in
the stomach is absent or low, respectively.
• Because of low or absent HCl, protein
digestion is impaired because HCl is required
for the activation of pepsinogen into pepsin.
• Bacterial growth in stomach(HCl have
antiseptic effect)
20. • Autoimmune disorders where there is antibody
production against parietal cells which normally
produce gastric acid.
• The use of antacids or drugs that decrease gastric acid
production (such as H2-receptor antagonists) or
transport (such as proton pump inhibitors)
• atrophic gastritis
• tomach cancer.
• Radiation therapy involving the stomach.
• GASTRECTOMY
