This document discusses several topics related to resources and the environment, including:
- Types of resources such as renewable, nonrenewable, and potentially renewable.
- Thomas Malthus' theory that population growth will outpace food production leading to famine and war.
- Evidence that economic growth has outpaced population growth, increasing world output.
- Issues around water resources including limited supplies and increasing demands from economic growth.
- Evidence of climate change including rising global temperatures and sea levels over the 20th century.
Prof. Johan Rockström presented on establishing a new paradigm for sustainable intensification of agricultural development. He argued that humanity has reached a planetary saturation point and a great transformation is necessary to achieve global sustainability. This requires integrating agriculture and ecosystems management, adopting a nexus approach considering land, water, energy links, and reforming institutions for integrated resource management within planetary boundaries. Sustainable intensification through upgrading rainfed and irrigated agriculture, water management, and landscape restoration can meet food needs while maintaining ecological resilience.
At the rate things are going, the Earth in the coming decades could cease to be a “safe operating space” for human beings.
We have already crossed four “planetary boundaries.” They are the extinction rate; deforestation; the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere; and the flow of nitrogen and phosphorous (used on land as fertilizer) into the ocean. Scientist shown human activities — economic growth, technology, consumption — are destabilizing the global environment,”
“What the science has shown is that human activities — economic growth, technology, consumption — are destabilizing the global environment,”
"Human security will be progressively threatened as the climate changes," the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCCC) warned in its overview report. The Pentagon agrees. "Rising global temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, climbing sea levels, and more extreme weather events will intensify the challenges of global instability, hunger, poverty and conflict,"
Scientists estimate that humans will consume twice as many resources as the planet can support by 2050. At the rate things are going, the Earth in the coming decades could cease to be a “safe operating space” for human beings.
Africa Will Starve and Asia Will Drown in 30 Years Due to Climate Change
People in Asia and the Pacific are four times more likely to be affected by natural disaster than in Africa and 25 times more than in Europe or North America?
Global warming could cause an 18 percent drop in world food production by 2050
15 Cities Threatened by Climate Change
The World Bank alarm bells are just the latest to sound about the havoc climate change and man-made global warming will cause to the planet.
The World Health Organization predicts that climate change will cause 250,000 additional deaths per year around the globe between 2030 and 2050, primarily from malaria, diarrhea, heat exposure and malnutrition.
Humanity in need of Climate Responsible Community, Climate Compatible Development
We must get Each baby Caring to Each particle of Food
sasrai Living for Healthy Soils that Ensure Healthy Living and Life
The document discusses how human activity has come to dominate nature, with one-third of available fresh water and 20% of net terrestrial primary production now used for human purposes. It notes that climate change poses risks, with average future temperatures expected to be higher than any time in human evolution. The large human footprint on the planet indicates that Earth's biosphere may be approaching a state shift unless humanity changes its relationship with the natural world.
Forests, biodiversity and food securityCIFOR-ICRAF
The world faces many challenges in attempting to achieve global food
security, and one of those challenges is the continuing loss of forests and
biodiversity. How do we feed the world’s growing population while
maintaining its biodiversity? The answer could be in new approaches to
integrating agriculture and biodiversity.
CIFOR scientist Terry Sunderland explores the links between forests,
biodiversity and food security in this presentation, which he recently gave at the
2nd World Biodiversity Congress in Malaysia to more than 150 delegates.
Summary Presentation for World on the Edge: How to Prevent Environmental and ...Earth Policy Institute
The document summarizes the key points from the book "A World on the Edge: How To Prevent Environmental and Economic Collapse" by Lester R. Brown. It outlines the goals of "Plan B" to stabilize the global population, eradicate poverty, restore the environment, and stabilize the climate. It warns that current trends of population growth, food demand, aquifer depletion and climate change threaten to push the world's systems past a tipping point. Immediate action is needed through increased energy efficiency, renewable energy and reforestation to avoid economic and social collapse.
This document summarizes key points from a book about the new geopolitics of food scarcity. It discusses how population growth and dietary shifts are straining global food supplies. As more people consume resource-intensive meat and fish, demand is outpacing agricultural productivity. Rising food prices risk political instability as over 1 billion people face hunger. Managing population growth and sustainable diets are needed to avoid systemic risks to global food security.
Environmental science Module 1 Topic. This PPT is not a work of mine and was provided by our college professor during our graduation, so I am not sure about the original author. The credit goes to the Original author.
This document discusses several topics related to resources and the environment, including:
- Types of resources such as renewable, nonrenewable, and potentially renewable.
- Thomas Malthus' theory that population growth will outpace food production leading to famine and war.
- Evidence that economic growth has outpaced population growth, increasing world output.
- Issues around water resources including limited supplies and increasing demands from economic growth.
- Evidence of climate change including rising global temperatures and sea levels over the 20th century.
Prof. Johan Rockström presented on establishing a new paradigm for sustainable intensification of agricultural development. He argued that humanity has reached a planetary saturation point and a great transformation is necessary to achieve global sustainability. This requires integrating agriculture and ecosystems management, adopting a nexus approach considering land, water, energy links, and reforming institutions for integrated resource management within planetary boundaries. Sustainable intensification through upgrading rainfed and irrigated agriculture, water management, and landscape restoration can meet food needs while maintaining ecological resilience.
At the rate things are going, the Earth in the coming decades could cease to be a “safe operating space” for human beings.
We have already crossed four “planetary boundaries.” They are the extinction rate; deforestation; the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere; and the flow of nitrogen and phosphorous (used on land as fertilizer) into the ocean. Scientist shown human activities — economic growth, technology, consumption — are destabilizing the global environment,”
“What the science has shown is that human activities — economic growth, technology, consumption — are destabilizing the global environment,”
"Human security will be progressively threatened as the climate changes," the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCCC) warned in its overview report. The Pentagon agrees. "Rising global temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, climbing sea levels, and more extreme weather events will intensify the challenges of global instability, hunger, poverty and conflict,"
Scientists estimate that humans will consume twice as many resources as the planet can support by 2050. At the rate things are going, the Earth in the coming decades could cease to be a “safe operating space” for human beings.
Africa Will Starve and Asia Will Drown in 30 Years Due to Climate Change
People in Asia and the Pacific are four times more likely to be affected by natural disaster than in Africa and 25 times more than in Europe or North America?
Global warming could cause an 18 percent drop in world food production by 2050
15 Cities Threatened by Climate Change
The World Bank alarm bells are just the latest to sound about the havoc climate change and man-made global warming will cause to the planet.
The World Health Organization predicts that climate change will cause 250,000 additional deaths per year around the globe between 2030 and 2050, primarily from malaria, diarrhea, heat exposure and malnutrition.
Humanity in need of Climate Responsible Community, Climate Compatible Development
We must get Each baby Caring to Each particle of Food
sasrai Living for Healthy Soils that Ensure Healthy Living and Life
The document discusses how human activity has come to dominate nature, with one-third of available fresh water and 20% of net terrestrial primary production now used for human purposes. It notes that climate change poses risks, with average future temperatures expected to be higher than any time in human evolution. The large human footprint on the planet indicates that Earth's biosphere may be approaching a state shift unless humanity changes its relationship with the natural world.
Forests, biodiversity and food securityCIFOR-ICRAF
The world faces many challenges in attempting to achieve global food
security, and one of those challenges is the continuing loss of forests and
biodiversity. How do we feed the world’s growing population while
maintaining its biodiversity? The answer could be in new approaches to
integrating agriculture and biodiversity.
CIFOR scientist Terry Sunderland explores the links between forests,
biodiversity and food security in this presentation, which he recently gave at the
2nd World Biodiversity Congress in Malaysia to more than 150 delegates.
Summary Presentation for World on the Edge: How to Prevent Environmental and ...Earth Policy Institute
The document summarizes the key points from the book "A World on the Edge: How To Prevent Environmental and Economic Collapse" by Lester R. Brown. It outlines the goals of "Plan B" to stabilize the global population, eradicate poverty, restore the environment, and stabilize the climate. It warns that current trends of population growth, food demand, aquifer depletion and climate change threaten to push the world's systems past a tipping point. Immediate action is needed through increased energy efficiency, renewable energy and reforestation to avoid economic and social collapse.
This document summarizes key points from a book about the new geopolitics of food scarcity. It discusses how population growth and dietary shifts are straining global food supplies. As more people consume resource-intensive meat and fish, demand is outpacing agricultural productivity. Rising food prices risk political instability as over 1 billion people face hunger. Managing population growth and sustainable diets are needed to avoid systemic risks to global food security.
Environmental science Module 1 Topic. This PPT is not a work of mine and was provided by our college professor during our graduation, so I am not sure about the original author. The credit goes to the Original author.
Full planet, empty plates [lester r. brown] summaryKarla Dominguez
The increasing global demand for food is straining supplies and raising prices due to population growth, increased meat consumption, and the conversion of grains into biofuels. Production is limited by soil erosion, water shortages, and plateauing yields exacerbated by rising temperatures. Over a billion people now face chronic hunger, especially in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Rapid population growth in developing nations risks overwhelming land and resources unless fertility declines, but stabilizing world population will be necessary to sustainably feed the planet long-term. Reducing meat consumption, reversing biofuels policies, and making wise individual choices around transportation and diet can help address this growing crisis.
Metrics and sustainable diets was the focus of a presentation by Thomas Allen of Bioversity International delivered at the Joint Conference on Sustainable Diet and Food Security co-organized by the Belgian Nutrition Society, The Nutrition Society and Société Française de Nutrition on 28 and 29 May 2013 in Lille, France under the auspices of the Federation of European Nutrition Societies, a conference on Sustainable Diet and Food Security. : A system approach to assessing Sustainable Diets. Read more about Bioversity International’s work on diet diversity for nutrition and health
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/diet-diversity/
Valuing our food and water resources steven m. finn - june 2014Steven M. Finn
A presentation linking three intertwined topics - food security, water security, and food recovery - with a focus on the need to change behavior and give the proper value to our food and water resources in order to successfully feed 9 billion by 2050. Doing so requires minimizing food and water waste while viewing 9Bx2050 not only as a challenge, but as an opportunity to advance critical sustainability initiatives globally.
This document summarizes strategies for increasing the global food supply without relying on genetically engineered crops. It finds that GE crops have not significantly increased yields and their primary purpose has been to produce animal feed and biofuels rather than feed people. More effective strategies include optimizing fertilizer use, reducing food waste, shifting away from biofuel incentives that use food crops, and changing diets to consume fewer calories and less meat. Traditional breeding has shown more promise than GE in improving crops for dry conditions in Africa. Overall, the document argues more can be done to boost food security through better resource management and existing agricultural methods rather than an overreliance on genetic engineering.
This document discusses solutions for sustainably feeding over 9 billion people by 2050. It notes that reducing food loss and waste could close around 22% of the "food gap." Specifically, cutting the rate of food loss and waste in half by 2050 could reduce needed calorie production increases. Shifting diets towards healthier, more efficient options like plant-based proteins and achieving replacement level fertility worldwide also feature prominently in the sustainable food future solutions discussed. Achieving replacement level fertility, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, could significantly reduce projected population growth.
This document discusses several topics related to natural resources and climate change:
- It outlines Thomas Malthus' theory of population growth outstripping resources and examines population, food, and economic growth trends over time.
- It describes different types of resources like renewable, nonrenewable, and potentially renewable resources as well as issues around water scarcity exacerbated by economic growth.
- It analyzes climate change data on topics like rising global temperatures, sea level rise, and increased ocean warming and how these impact water resources.
- It provides information on fish harvesting and limitations of ocean resources to meet food demands.
1. Soil biology, particularly fungi, plays a key role in regenerating soils and sequestering carbon. Fungal hyphae dissolve nutrients from rocks and provide structure to soils, holding large amounts of carbon.
2. While improved agriculture has increased food supply, it relies on unsustainable practices like chemical fertilizers that degrade soils over time. Soil conservation techniques regenerate soils but saw limited adoption due to economic factors.
3. Maintaining soil moisture through technologies like wicking beds improves conditions for mycorrhizal fungi to flourish, regenerating soils and sequestering carbon - a potential solution to both ensuring long-term food security and mitigating climate change through "carbon farming".
Famine relief efforts aim to reduce starvation through various means. Providing cash or vouchers is a cheaper and faster way to deliver aid than shipping food, but may only provide temporary relief. Teaching farming skills can help the hungry feed themselves long-term through sustainable agriculture. Modern technologies could help developing new food production methods to prevent major starvation, but widespread action is needed across countries to secure global food security.
Valuing Our Food: Minimizing Waste and Optimizing Resources - The Scope of th...Steven M. Finn
The document discusses the global problem of food waste and its significance. Some key points:
- Approximately 1/3 of all food produced for human consumption globally is wasted every year, amounting to about 1.3 billion tons annually with an economic value of nearly $1 trillion.
- Food waste has direct links to issues of global hunger, as reducing food waste by just 25% could feed the 870 million undernourished people worldwide. It also has major environmental impacts in terms of wasted resources, greenhouse gas emissions, and increased pressure on land and water supplies.
- There are opportunities to make progress on eliminating global hunger and optimizing resources through a collaborative, global effort to significantly reduce food waste and
Where is this all going? What can I do? Can I help? You know what I am talking about.... Well... this slideshow will help you understand what is going on and what you can do to help... But do it now!
This document provides an overview of the history of farming and greenhouse use. It discusses how farming began around 10,000 BC and involved slash-and-burn techniques. Greenhouse use began in ancient Rome to grow crops out of season. Modern greenhouses allow growing food in a small space and conserving resources. The document also discusses the rise of community gardens in urban areas during industrialization. Taking gardening inside greenhouses and using hydroponic systems can further reduce land and water usage. Planning a community greenhouse requires considering location, support, zoning laws, and the garden's purpose.
Can We Feed The World? - Scientific American Article - Jonathan FoleyViral Network Inc
Jonathan A. Foley is the director of the Institute on the Environment at the University of Minnesota, where he is also the McKnight Presidential Chair of Global Ecology. He coordinated an international team of experts that developed a five-step plan to double global food production by 2050 while greatly reducing environmental damage from agriculture. The plan involves stopping expansion of agriculture into forests and savannas, closing yield gaps in underproductive regions, and making more efficient use of resources like water and fertilizer.
The document discusses the causes of poor food supply and malnutrition around the world. There are several social, economic, and environmental causes. Social causes include poverty, land ownership inequality, and war. Economic causes include commercial farming practices and lack of infrastructure/technology. Environmental causes include overgrazing, soil erosion, drought, and climate/geographic factors that reduce precipitation in some areas.
Mr. Sebastian Belle - Problems, Stumbling Blocks and Solutions for U.S. Aquac...John Blue
This document discusses the growing global demand for food and challenges facing food production. It notes that the world's population is projected to reach 9.6 billion by 2050, requiring food production to double. However, resources like arable land and fresh water are limited. Aquaculture is presented as a solution, as it is more efficient than terrestrial animal or plant production and can use water resources. The US imports over 90% of its seafood but aquaculture represents a major opportunity, though it faces challenges like lack of coordination and political support. Solutions proposed include developing a national aquaculture program to support the industry. Maine is seen as well positioned for growth due to its resources and infrastructure.
What stories will impact people and the planet in 2014? On 18 February 2014, Executive Vice President and Managing Director Manish Bapna offered his perspectives on the major global developments in economics, business, natural resources and sustainability in the coming year. The event was hosted by the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, The Netherlands. Find out more at http://www.wri.org.
This document discusses the challenge of sustainably feeding over 9 billion people by 2050. It notes that crop production will need to increase significantly to close the expected food gap. A variety of solutions will be required, including improving agricultural productivity, reducing food loss and waste, increasing aquaculture and livestock production, and modifying diets. The solutions will need to advance development and reduce environmental impacts to create a sustainable global food system.
Global Challenges and Water Security: Threats and Opportunities presented by...Global Water Partnership
This document discusses global challenges related to water security, including climate change, hunger, and health. It notes that climate change is contributing to increased floods and droughts around the world, exacerbating food insecurity and hunger for over 1 billion people. Access to clean water and sanitation is essential for improving health outcomes and life expectancy. However, freshwater resources are under threat from mismanagement and overuse. Urgent action is needed to address these interconnected global challenges through reforming policies, improving water management, and increasing sustainable food production.
The United Nations projects that world population will rise from just over 7 billion in 2012 to nearly 9.6 billion by 2050. This paper examines the nature of the population challenge globally, the effect of population growth on food demand in Sub-Saharan Africa, and the potential benefits -- in terms of food security, economic growth, and environment -- of reducing fertility levels more quickly than currently projected. This paper then explores promising, non-coercive approaches for reducing fertility rates.
This document provides an outline of key topics covered in Chapter 7, including:
- Changes in global food production and population over time
- Persistent hunger issues around the world despite food surpluses
- Health risks of undernutrition, poor diet, and overeating
- Primary global food crops and components that make up soil
- The green revolution and how it increased crop yields
- Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and their potential risks and benefits
- Environmental costs of farming and ways to minimize these impacts
Global food production and population have both increased dramatically in recent decades. However, hunger persists in parts of the world due to uneven food distribution caused by economic, environmental, and social conditions. A small number of staple crops now provide most of the world's food supply due to agricultural intensification through practices like irrigation, fertilizer use, and the Green Revolution's higher-yielding crop varieties. However, intensive farming also contributes to environmental problems like soil erosion, water scarcity, and loss of biodiversity. Alternative approaches aim to make agriculture more sustainable through soil conservation techniques, local food systems, and low-impact livestock practices.
B4FA 2012 Tanzania: The challenge of food security and sustainability for 9bn...b4fa
Presentation at the November 2012 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Arusha, Tanzania.
Please see www.b4fa.org for more information
Role of beneficial microbes in next green revolutionMehjebinRahman2
The document summarizes the keynote speech given by Miss Mehjebin Rahman on probing beneficial microbes for the next green revolution. It discusses how the green revolution significantly increased food production but led to various negative environmental consequences. It argues that the next green revolution needs a more sustainable approach, and that microbes have great potential to promote plant growth and stress resistance while maintaining sustainability. Several companies are developing microbial treatments to boost yields without synthetic fertilizers. The document outlines various plant growth promoting microbes and their mechanisms, such as nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and phytohormone production.
Full planet, empty plates [lester r. brown] summaryKarla Dominguez
The increasing global demand for food is straining supplies and raising prices due to population growth, increased meat consumption, and the conversion of grains into biofuels. Production is limited by soil erosion, water shortages, and plateauing yields exacerbated by rising temperatures. Over a billion people now face chronic hunger, especially in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Rapid population growth in developing nations risks overwhelming land and resources unless fertility declines, but stabilizing world population will be necessary to sustainably feed the planet long-term. Reducing meat consumption, reversing biofuels policies, and making wise individual choices around transportation and diet can help address this growing crisis.
Metrics and sustainable diets was the focus of a presentation by Thomas Allen of Bioversity International delivered at the Joint Conference on Sustainable Diet and Food Security co-organized by the Belgian Nutrition Society, The Nutrition Society and Société Française de Nutrition on 28 and 29 May 2013 in Lille, France under the auspices of the Federation of European Nutrition Societies, a conference on Sustainable Diet and Food Security. : A system approach to assessing Sustainable Diets. Read more about Bioversity International’s work on diet diversity for nutrition and health
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/diet-diversity/
Valuing our food and water resources steven m. finn - june 2014Steven M. Finn
A presentation linking three intertwined topics - food security, water security, and food recovery - with a focus on the need to change behavior and give the proper value to our food and water resources in order to successfully feed 9 billion by 2050. Doing so requires minimizing food and water waste while viewing 9Bx2050 not only as a challenge, but as an opportunity to advance critical sustainability initiatives globally.
This document summarizes strategies for increasing the global food supply without relying on genetically engineered crops. It finds that GE crops have not significantly increased yields and their primary purpose has been to produce animal feed and biofuels rather than feed people. More effective strategies include optimizing fertilizer use, reducing food waste, shifting away from biofuel incentives that use food crops, and changing diets to consume fewer calories and less meat. Traditional breeding has shown more promise than GE in improving crops for dry conditions in Africa. Overall, the document argues more can be done to boost food security through better resource management and existing agricultural methods rather than an overreliance on genetic engineering.
This document discusses solutions for sustainably feeding over 9 billion people by 2050. It notes that reducing food loss and waste could close around 22% of the "food gap." Specifically, cutting the rate of food loss and waste in half by 2050 could reduce needed calorie production increases. Shifting diets towards healthier, more efficient options like plant-based proteins and achieving replacement level fertility worldwide also feature prominently in the sustainable food future solutions discussed. Achieving replacement level fertility, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, could significantly reduce projected population growth.
This document discusses several topics related to natural resources and climate change:
- It outlines Thomas Malthus' theory of population growth outstripping resources and examines population, food, and economic growth trends over time.
- It describes different types of resources like renewable, nonrenewable, and potentially renewable resources as well as issues around water scarcity exacerbated by economic growth.
- It analyzes climate change data on topics like rising global temperatures, sea level rise, and increased ocean warming and how these impact water resources.
- It provides information on fish harvesting and limitations of ocean resources to meet food demands.
1. Soil biology, particularly fungi, plays a key role in regenerating soils and sequestering carbon. Fungal hyphae dissolve nutrients from rocks and provide structure to soils, holding large amounts of carbon.
2. While improved agriculture has increased food supply, it relies on unsustainable practices like chemical fertilizers that degrade soils over time. Soil conservation techniques regenerate soils but saw limited adoption due to economic factors.
3. Maintaining soil moisture through technologies like wicking beds improves conditions for mycorrhizal fungi to flourish, regenerating soils and sequestering carbon - a potential solution to both ensuring long-term food security and mitigating climate change through "carbon farming".
Famine relief efforts aim to reduce starvation through various means. Providing cash or vouchers is a cheaper and faster way to deliver aid than shipping food, but may only provide temporary relief. Teaching farming skills can help the hungry feed themselves long-term through sustainable agriculture. Modern technologies could help developing new food production methods to prevent major starvation, but widespread action is needed across countries to secure global food security.
Valuing Our Food: Minimizing Waste and Optimizing Resources - The Scope of th...Steven M. Finn
The document discusses the global problem of food waste and its significance. Some key points:
- Approximately 1/3 of all food produced for human consumption globally is wasted every year, amounting to about 1.3 billion tons annually with an economic value of nearly $1 trillion.
- Food waste has direct links to issues of global hunger, as reducing food waste by just 25% could feed the 870 million undernourished people worldwide. It also has major environmental impacts in terms of wasted resources, greenhouse gas emissions, and increased pressure on land and water supplies.
- There are opportunities to make progress on eliminating global hunger and optimizing resources through a collaborative, global effort to significantly reduce food waste and
Where is this all going? What can I do? Can I help? You know what I am talking about.... Well... this slideshow will help you understand what is going on and what you can do to help... But do it now!
This document provides an overview of the history of farming and greenhouse use. It discusses how farming began around 10,000 BC and involved slash-and-burn techniques. Greenhouse use began in ancient Rome to grow crops out of season. Modern greenhouses allow growing food in a small space and conserving resources. The document also discusses the rise of community gardens in urban areas during industrialization. Taking gardening inside greenhouses and using hydroponic systems can further reduce land and water usage. Planning a community greenhouse requires considering location, support, zoning laws, and the garden's purpose.
Can We Feed The World? - Scientific American Article - Jonathan FoleyViral Network Inc
Jonathan A. Foley is the director of the Institute on the Environment at the University of Minnesota, where he is also the McKnight Presidential Chair of Global Ecology. He coordinated an international team of experts that developed a five-step plan to double global food production by 2050 while greatly reducing environmental damage from agriculture. The plan involves stopping expansion of agriculture into forests and savannas, closing yield gaps in underproductive regions, and making more efficient use of resources like water and fertilizer.
The document discusses the causes of poor food supply and malnutrition around the world. There are several social, economic, and environmental causes. Social causes include poverty, land ownership inequality, and war. Economic causes include commercial farming practices and lack of infrastructure/technology. Environmental causes include overgrazing, soil erosion, drought, and climate/geographic factors that reduce precipitation in some areas.
Mr. Sebastian Belle - Problems, Stumbling Blocks and Solutions for U.S. Aquac...John Blue
This document discusses the growing global demand for food and challenges facing food production. It notes that the world's population is projected to reach 9.6 billion by 2050, requiring food production to double. However, resources like arable land and fresh water are limited. Aquaculture is presented as a solution, as it is more efficient than terrestrial animal or plant production and can use water resources. The US imports over 90% of its seafood but aquaculture represents a major opportunity, though it faces challenges like lack of coordination and political support. Solutions proposed include developing a national aquaculture program to support the industry. Maine is seen as well positioned for growth due to its resources and infrastructure.
What stories will impact people and the planet in 2014? On 18 February 2014, Executive Vice President and Managing Director Manish Bapna offered his perspectives on the major global developments in economics, business, natural resources and sustainability in the coming year. The event was hosted by the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, The Netherlands. Find out more at http://www.wri.org.
This document discusses the challenge of sustainably feeding over 9 billion people by 2050. It notes that crop production will need to increase significantly to close the expected food gap. A variety of solutions will be required, including improving agricultural productivity, reducing food loss and waste, increasing aquaculture and livestock production, and modifying diets. The solutions will need to advance development and reduce environmental impacts to create a sustainable global food system.
Global Challenges and Water Security: Threats and Opportunities presented by...Global Water Partnership
This document discusses global challenges related to water security, including climate change, hunger, and health. It notes that climate change is contributing to increased floods and droughts around the world, exacerbating food insecurity and hunger for over 1 billion people. Access to clean water and sanitation is essential for improving health outcomes and life expectancy. However, freshwater resources are under threat from mismanagement and overuse. Urgent action is needed to address these interconnected global challenges through reforming policies, improving water management, and increasing sustainable food production.
The United Nations projects that world population will rise from just over 7 billion in 2012 to nearly 9.6 billion by 2050. This paper examines the nature of the population challenge globally, the effect of population growth on food demand in Sub-Saharan Africa, and the potential benefits -- in terms of food security, economic growth, and environment -- of reducing fertility levels more quickly than currently projected. This paper then explores promising, non-coercive approaches for reducing fertility rates.
This document provides an outline of key topics covered in Chapter 7, including:
- Changes in global food production and population over time
- Persistent hunger issues around the world despite food surpluses
- Health risks of undernutrition, poor diet, and overeating
- Primary global food crops and components that make up soil
- The green revolution and how it increased crop yields
- Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and their potential risks and benefits
- Environmental costs of farming and ways to minimize these impacts
Global food production and population have both increased dramatically in recent decades. However, hunger persists in parts of the world due to uneven food distribution caused by economic, environmental, and social conditions. A small number of staple crops now provide most of the world's food supply due to agricultural intensification through practices like irrigation, fertilizer use, and the Green Revolution's higher-yielding crop varieties. However, intensive farming also contributes to environmental problems like soil erosion, water scarcity, and loss of biodiversity. Alternative approaches aim to make agriculture more sustainable through soil conservation techniques, local food systems, and low-impact livestock practices.
B4FA 2012 Tanzania: The challenge of food security and sustainability for 9bn...b4fa
Presentation at the November 2012 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Arusha, Tanzania.
Please see www.b4fa.org for more information
Role of beneficial microbes in next green revolutionMehjebinRahman2
The document summarizes the keynote speech given by Miss Mehjebin Rahman on probing beneficial microbes for the next green revolution. It discusses how the green revolution significantly increased food production but led to various negative environmental consequences. It argues that the next green revolution needs a more sustainable approach, and that microbes have great potential to promote plant growth and stress resistance while maintaining sustainability. Several companies are developing microbial treatments to boost yields without synthetic fertilizers. The document outlines various plant growth promoting microbes and their mechanisms, such as nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and phytohormone production.
The document discusses the importance of biodiversity for human health and society. It defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. Biodiversity is essential for supporting human needs like food, water, and medicine. However, human activities like habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change are causing a current mass extinction. This loss of biodiversity threatens human health by reducing food security and increasing diseases. The document outlines how protecting biodiversity benefits people through medicines, business, livelihoods, and protection from disasters. Maintaining biodiversity is crucial for sustaining a healthy society.
(01) BIODIVERSITY AND THE HEALTHY SOCIETY.pptxMaryRoseNaboa1
Biodiversity refers to the variety of plant and animal life on Earth. It is essential for healthy ecosystems and human well-being. Loss of biodiversity due to habitat destruction, pollution, climate change and other human impacts threatens both the environment and human societies. When ecosystems are compromised by loss of biodiversity, they can no longer support human needs for food, water, medicine and other resources to maintain health. Biodiversity also underpins global economies and provides livelihoods for many people. Its loss therefore has significant negative impacts on both environmental and human health.
The document discusses the importance of biodiversity for human health and society. It defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. Biodiversity is essential for providing food, medicine, clean water and shelter. However, human activities like habitat destruction, pollution and climate change are causing a sixth mass extinction. This impacts human health by reducing access to resources and increasing disease transmission. The document outlines how preserving biodiversity benefits business, livelihoods and protects from disasters. Overall, the health of human societies is interrelated with and dependent on biodiversity and ecosystem health.
BIODIVERSITY AND HEALTHY SOCIETY BY GROUP 1KaliAndres
Biodiversity supports human and societal needs, including food and nutrition security, energy, development of medicines and pharmaceuticals and freshwater, which together underpin good health. It also supports economic opportunities, and leisure activities that contribute to overall wellbeing.
Population, climate change and food security, Karin Kuhlemann, Population Mat...Centre for Global Equality
Population growth is exacerbating challenges around food security and climate change. UN projections estimate the global population will reach nearly 11 billion by 2100 under a medium growth scenario, requiring food crop output to double by 2050. However, the ability to sustainably increase crop yields is in question due to constraints like land and water scarcity as well as environmental degradation from current farming practices. Climate change also threatens global food security by reducing crop yields, while agriculture contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. To improve long-term food security and environmental sustainability, efforts must be taken to slow global population growth through expanded access to family planning services and opening discussion on population issues.
Biodiversity refers to the variety of plant and animal life in a particular habitat. It is essential for healthy ecosystems and human well-being. Loss of biodiversity can negatively impact food/water security, medicine development, business/livelihoods, and protection from disasters. The main threats are habitat loss, pollution, overexploitation, invasive species, and climate change. Preserving biodiversity is crucial to ensure continued ecosystem services and human health.
Aquaponics has the potential to help address the global food crisis by providing a sustainable food source. The world population is projected to reach 9 billion by 2050 but current agricultural systems will be unable to feed everyone. Aquaponics is a closed-loop system where fish waste fertilizes hydroponically grown plants, and the plants help purify the water. Compared to traditional farming, aquaponics uses less water, land, and no pesticides while providing higher yields. If implemented on a large-scale using renewable energy, aquaponics could help feed more people without further stressing the environment or requiring additional cleared land.
This document discusses the challenges of ensuring global food security in the face of population growth and climate change. It outlines four dimensions of food security and notes that over 900 million people were undernourished as of 2010 due to food price increases and low purchasing power. The main drivers threatening food security are identified as population growth, urbanization, rising affluence, and global climate change. The impacts of climate change like extreme heat, droughts, floods, and storms are expected to negatively impact food availability, access, and stability. Potential strategies discussed to address this issue include reducing food loss and waste, prioritizing human food over animal feed, developing improved and resilient crop varieties, organic agriculture, and utilizing alternative foods like seawe
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The document discusses opportunities and solutions for sustainable food production to meet rising global demand. It proposes the following post-2015 goals: 1) Increase global food supply by 70-100% through higher productivity and less waste, 2) Eradicate hunger and malnutrition by 2030, and 3) Make agriculture more environmentally sustainable and resource efficient. Achieving these will require agro-ecological intensification through improved varieties, agronomic practices, and technologies to increase smallholder incomes and efficiency of inputs like water and fertilizer. Early solutions proposed include closing yield gaps, agronomic innovations, increasing mechanization, and technologies to save energy, water and labor.
Humans now use 40-50% of freshwater for irrigation, households, and industry, doubling water withdrawals in the last 40 years. More land has been converted to cropland in the past 30 years than the prior 150. One quarter of Earth's land is now cultivated systems. Since 1980, 35% of mangroves and 20% of coral reefs have been destroyed or degraded. At least one quarter of marine fish stocks are overharvested, with the global fish catch declining since the 1980s due to overfishing. To meet rising global population and demand, food production will need to double by 2030, requiring another green revolution to increase agricultural yields in half the time as the original in the mid-
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Climate change impacts global food security in four key ways: availability, access, utilization, and stability. It threatens to reduce average yields and increase yield variability. The global population is growing while incomes are rising, increasing demand for resource-intensive Western diets. Achieving sustainable agriculture requires intensifying production on existing lands to avoid converting more natural areas while understanding sustainability is complex with no single approach. Spatially, landscapes must be designed smarter to provide multiple goods. Changing diets and reducing food loss and waste can help create more space for sustainability. Significant challenges require increased investment in research and social change.
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Compound C
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Products
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B4FA 2012 Uganda: Achieving food security for 9 billion - Chris Leaver
1. The Challenge of Achieving Food
Security
and Sustainability for Nine Billion
chris.leaver@plants.ox.ac.uk
Old Byzantine Proverb:
‘He who has bread may have troubles
He whoAchieving Food Security
lacks it has only one’
and
Sustainability for Nine
Billion
chris.leaver@plants.ox.ac.uk
2. We are dependent on cultivated plant species as the software
to translate the sun’s energy, water and mineral nutrients into
food, fibre and fuels
In Many Countries Productive Agriculture is Seasonal
.
CHLOROPHYLL: Is the only the molecule that can be seen from space. It
is found in all Green Plants and is responsible for capturing the light
energy from the Sun by a process know as PHOTOSYNTHESIS
3. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• Life on earth ultimately
depends on energy derived
from the sun.
• Photosynthesis by green plants
is the only process of biological
importance that can capture
this energy.
• It provides energy, organic
matter and oxygen, and is the
only sustainable energy source
on our planet.
Sucrose
Starch
Proteins
Oils
THE FOOD WE EAT
Plants provide the food we eat,
the environment we enjoy &
the air we breathe.
4. CHALLENGES IN YOUR
LIFETIME
Humans appropriate about 30% of terrestrial photosynthetic
production and and ca 32% of the planets land area for cropland(12%) and
pasture(20%)
1. What level is truly sustainable, how much do we need to share with other
species and how can we optimise the usefulness and beneficial impact of
what we can harvest in the future?
2. How can we deliver global food security to avoid predicted deficits as early
as 2020 and to deliver an environmentally sustainable doubling of crop
production by 2050?. There are 7.0 billion people on earth now and this will
increase to ca. 9 billion by 2050
2. How can we reduce our dependence on, and ultimately replace
petrochemicals with renewable chemical feed stocks from plants?
4. How can we combat climate change,global warming and drought and minimise
its impact on crop productivity?
5. The European Vision of Agriculture:
Garden of Earthly Delight or Paradise Lost?
Peter Bruegel the Elder: The Harvest (1565) (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. USA)
6. The Reality of Prairie Agriculture
Soybean Harvest and Corn Cultivation
in Mato Grosso, Brazil
8. Agriculture is a success
story and has kept pace
with the increase in
population over the
centuries…….
The Eurocentric
Vision of Agriculture:
Garden of Earthly
Delight or Paradise Lost?
Peter Bruegel the Elder (1565)
The Reality:Prarie Agriculture
In Mato Grosso-Brazil
Soybean Harvest and
Corn Cultivation
Agriculture in
Africa
9. Today we could feed everyone on the planet thanks to plant breeding
and modern agriculture but now and in the future making sure
everyone has enough to eat is about politics (access,distribution etc---)
and science…….
• More than 1 billion people go hungry daily about 250
million are in Africa
• About 30,000 people, half of them children, die every
day due to hunger and malnutrition
• More than 3 billion people are living in absolute poverty
on less than two dollars a day and are generally deficient
in at least one nutrient necessary for maintaining their
health. They have real problems with food security.
• 650 Million of the Poorest Live in Rural Areas
“In the next 50 years, mankind will consume as much food as we have consumed
since the beginning of agriculture 10,000 years ago - Clive James”
10. Four innovations brought about the change in agriculture
and increased yield in the twentieth century
•
Productivity steadily increased with only a 10%
increase in land use :
– Mechanisation and irrigation
– Synthetic fertilisers
– Crop protection chemicals
– Plant Breeding and Geneticsthe ‘Green revolution’
•
The effect of these four innovations was to
allow more food to be produced from less
land-
•
The
developed
complacent!!
•
What are the innovations which will
change agriculture in this century?
world
became
Source: WBC for Sustainable Agriculture, Crop Losses to Pests (E-C Oerke); Journal of Agricultural Science (2006)
2/12/2014
10
11. But this has been at a cost………..
To feed and resource 7.0 billion people we have already lost…..
•1/5 of our topsoil (due to erosion, desertification and salinity)
•1/5 of our agricultural land (overgrazing marginal land)
•1/3 of our forests
•Plus Today Additionally…..
•Environmental pollution
•Climate change, groundwater depletion
•Depletion of the Ozone layer
•Massive fossil fuel usage/CO2 increase by 15% since 1950
•Species extinction, biodiversity loss
•Urbanisation → increased meat consumption (India and China etc)
•Obesity/starvation
•Zoonotic disease transmission HIV, SARs, BSE, Foot and Mouth, Bird Flu etc
THIS IS UNSUSTAINABLE : DOING NOTHING IS NOT AN OPTION
12. The worlds population has more than doubled in the last 50 years
Each Year the World’s Population Grows by about 80 Million People
220,000 new mouths to feed everyday
2012
1960
10% of the Population Lives
on 0.5% of the World’s Income
Developing and
Transition
Countries
1927
Developed countries
13. Demand is driven by population growth and land scarcity
People fed per hectare
World population
2030
2030
>5 people
>8 billion
2005
>4 people
2005
6.5 billion
1950
2.5 billion
1960
2 people
Source: FAO, World Bank statistics
As a result 1 in 6 of the world’s population, is hungry today,
and we have to increase food production by 70-100% by 2050
14. Increases in global population and urbanisation…
World population growth by region
Urbanisation
10
Oceania
Population (billions)
9
Northern America
8
Latin America
7
Europe
6
Asia
5
Africa
4
3
2
1
Source: United Nations, World Population
The largest increases in population will
Prospects: The 2006 Revision (medium scenario)
occur in megacities in Africa and Asia.
2050
2045
2040
2035
2030
2025
2020
2015
2010
2005
2000
1995
1990
1985
1980
1975
1970
1965
1960
1955
1950
0
More than 50% of the worlds
population already live in urban
areas it will rise to 70%.
15. And now man made global warming and climate change…..
Carbon dioxide levels over
the last 60,000 years
Crop productivity is highly vulnerable to
variations in climate
Models suggest that climate change will have
a positive or neutral effect on crop yields at
high latitudes but negative effects at low
latitudes
Increased CO2 (from the current 385 ppm set
to rise to 450ppm) raises some yields
Lack of water limits others
Spectrum of pests and disease change
16. Climate Change is leading to unpredictable and more
severe weather patterns
18. The Challenge :
• World population will grow from 7bn 2011 to >9bn by
2050
• More than 50% of the worlds population already live
in urban areas and it will rise to 70%
• The largest increases in population will occur in
megacities in Africa and Asia
• Increasing affluence in Asia drives demand for meat,
cereals, edible oils
• Over 1bn people chronically hungry. 3 billion in
poverty
• Land available for agriculture will stay ~ constant or
decrease
• Decreasing water supplies limit crop yields
19. and………
•Climate warming is broadly neutral on global yields
but will have significant negative impact on those
countries with the greatest need. Leading to changes
in the distribution and severity of plant pests and
disease,rising sea levels,flooding,severe drought,
decline in soil quality (eg erosion,salinity)
•Increase in yields of major staple crops is plateauing
•Diversion of resources into growing energy crops for
biofuels rather than food crops
70- 100% more food required on same land area,
with improved sustainability, fairer distribution and
adaption to climate change
20. The food system is failing on sustainability - defined as…..
‘Meeting the needs of the present while improving the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs’
•Agriculture currently consumes 70% of
total global water withdrawals from
rivers and aquifers, many of which are
overexploited. Global water demand for
agriculture could rise by over 30% by
2030 and double by 2050.
•Of 11.5 billion ha of vegetated land on
earth, around 24% has undergone
human induced soil degradation
• Agriculture and forestry directly
contributes ca 30 % of global
anthropogenic greenhouse gas
emissions
21. We Must Grow More With Less
“Sustainable Intensification”
• All commentators agree that food production will have to increase substantially
this century. But there are very different views about how this should best be
achieved
• Sustainable agricultural intensification is defined as ‘producing more output from
the same area of land while reducing the negative environmental impacts ‘
• ...both agricultural and environmental outcomes are pre-eminent under
sustainable intensification
• To deliver sustainable intensification we must get beyond pointless arguments
based on entrenched beliefs or narrow debates about individual technologies and
must ……..
•
•
•
•
•
Focus on desired outcomes
Practical matter not an academic exercise
There is no single perfect solution
Sustainability is a journey, not the destination
Solutions must work locally for individual farmers and communities
22. The Choices
• Expand area of agriculture using virgin land
• Increase productivity in exporting countries of the
developed world
• Use all safe and appropriate, socially responsible and
sustainable opportunities to increase food supplies locally
and also improve ‘orphan crops’
• Develop a sustainable and environmentally friendly
agriculture which combines the best of conventional plant
breeding with the new biotechnologies including marker
assisted breeding and genetic modification
DOING NOTHING IS NOT AN OPTION
23. There are only two ways to increase food production
Time Magazine
Farm More Land
23
Produce More/Acre
In an age of climate change, land-use-conversion is the worst
possible thing to do
Time Magazine
24. Slash and Burn Agriculture: in order to export food and
animal feed to the developed and developing world
Deforestation
Soil Erosion
26. Major drought-prone regions of the world coincide with
those regions with the largest predicted increase in population
Changing and unpredictable weather patterns
Corn yields in USA decreased
by ca 30% in 2012 due to drought
27. We are running out of land and water!!!
Worldwide, more than 70% of food
production is dependent on irrigation.
Depletion of aquifers (underground water)
is occurring at twice there recharge
rate,water tables are falling and wells
running dry .
Salinisation and desertification is a major
consequence of irrigation
Since the overpumping of aquifers is occurring in many countries (particularily in
China and India) more or less simultaneously, the depletion of aquifers and the
resulting harvest cutbacks could come at roughly the same time, creating potentially
unmanageable food scarcity.
28. SEPTEMBER 2012
JULY 2012
Recent prolonged high
temperatures and drought in the
US Corn Belt and changing
weather conditions have led to
predictions that corn yields could
be reduced by between 20 and
30% this year. Significant
reductions in yields in Europe
and Russia.
29. The “Perfect Storm” that led to the 2007 food shortages
will be with us in the future
More people to feed
The price of fertiliser is
linked to the price of oil and
continues to rise
Consumption by large, affluent classes in
India , China,SEA and South America
40% of US Corn
used for Ethanol
Source: USDA ERS
29
High Energy Costs
Biofuels
Drought in Australia,Russian
Heatwaves and Fires in 2010
US Drought in 2012
30. Why Developing/Transition Countries
Have Problems with Food?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Limited Resources
Low Agricultural Productivity
Climate Change
Diminishing Productive Land/water
Poverty; Poor Distribution of Food
Misguided Priorities by politicians
Distribution/storage/transportation
Growing Population
Low Purchasing Power
Civil Strife, War
Economic and Environmental Migration
31. If Future Agriculture is to Support Everyone Adequately on
the Planet a combination of Improved and Appropriate
Technologies will be Required
• Integrated pest management
• Reduction of chemical use and energy
• Agroecology
• Water conservation
• No-till practices
• Precision agriculture where appropriate
• Conserving genetic diversity
• Orphan Crops and Specialized (biofuel?) crops
• Genetic modification by marker assisted breeding
and GM technology where appropriate
• GM is not a Silver Bullet!!
32. Mankind depends on a few crop species for food
The application of marker assisted breeding and GM technology has primarily been used
to improve food production in the major world crops such as maize and soyabean with
rice and wheat following behind. They should now be adapted to improving orphan crops
which can address food security and nutrition and provide economic benefits to
poor farmers in the developing world-sorghum,cowpea,sweet potato,groundnut,cassava
33. Conventional Plant Breeding has been very successful but yield gains are
now slowing. The new molecular technologies allow more precise and rapid
crop improvement by marker assisted selection breeding and GM
approaches. This requires the identification of the gene(s) that underlie the
traits and then combination with native traits using molecular markers
and/or GM to improve the crop
But yield gains of some
major crops are plateauing
and have not benefited
from GM Technology
Corn
34. Low crop yields are
part of the problem…
Corn Yield Trend
(Bushel Per Acre)
1990
2000
2005
Global Average
59
70
75
USA
113
137
149
Argentine
60
93
109
China
74
78
80
Brazil
33
47
54
India
23
29
31
Sub-Saharan Africa
22
24
25
37. We have to increase PRODUCTIVITY
• Increasing productivity provides a livelihood for
people, allowing them the opportunity to stay in
their communities. This leads to local economic
growth, better education, health, political stability
and food stability. Implicit with increases in
agricultural productivity is the more efficient use and
distribution of scarce resources such as fuel and
fertiliser.
• Critically, today per capita food production in rich
countries is twice that of the poor nations. We must
increase productivity in these countries to feed the
estimated 9 billion people.
38. Building Increased Productivity and
Sustainability into the Seed by
Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
Genetic modification by marker assisted
breeding and GM technology where
appropriate:
The scientific basis of all crop improvement is
identification of the genes that encode and
regulate specific phenotypic characteristics or
traits of use to the farmer.
39. How have we fared thus far?
Rice genome
Sequenced
Plant
Transformation
1983
1865
Mendel’s Discovery
of Genes
1905
Genetics
1953
Structure of DNA
1001
Arabidopsis
genomes
sequenced
2002 2011
1995 2000
Crop Circles
‘Synteny’
2010
First Plant NGS
Genome
Sequence