Presentation at the March 2013 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Accra, Ghana.
Please see www.sti4d.com/b4fa for more information
Molecular characterization of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes using target r...Innspub Net
In the present investigation, based on the seven rice putative candidate iron transporter genes, novel TRAP markers were developed. These markers were successfully employed in the molecular diversity study among 30 rice genotypes representing improved rice cultivars and land races with varied grain iron content (7.38 - 30.58 ppm). Totally, thirty TRAP primer combinations were screened, which generated 703 bands out of which 654 were polymorphic (93%) with an average of 21.8 bands per primer combination. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.09 (Osysl4b+ME05) to 0.25 (Osnramp5c+ME05, Osnramp1b+ME02 and Osysl4a +ME02). Gene diversity (H ˆ
) ranged from 0.10 (Osysl4b+ME05) to 0.31 (Osnramp1b + ME02 and Osysl4a +ME02). The Jaccard dissimilarity ranged from 0.15 to 0.52, explaining 37% of genetic variation (Table 4). Grouping of genotypes based on UPGMA and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) were found comparable and grouping of genotypes into a different cluster was found mainly on the basis of pedigree relationships. TRAP markers revealed well resolved relationships among rice genotypes. The information generated from this study will helps to select parental combinations for breeding high iron content
rice varieties.
Genetic Diversity of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) from East and West H...Premier Publishers
Genetic diversity within local landraces is important input for crop breeding programs and in the preservation of their genetic potential. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity and analyze population structure of sorghum landraces grown in East and west Hararghe Zones of Oromia Regional state, Ethiopia based on SSR markers. A total of 10 accessions of sorghum landraces were estimated using 10 SSR markers. For all the loci analyzed, 70 polymorphic alleles were detected with the number of alleles per locus range from 2 to 18 with an average of seven alleles. Polymorphism information content of each marker was variable and showed a significant correlation with total number of alleles (r = 0.75). The higher the number of alleles per marker, the greater is PIC value. Dendrogram obtained according to UPGMA hierarchical classification model using DICE coefficient of similarity allowed the classification of sorghum accessions into four main groups. It was recommended that a further research on genetic diversity of sorghum should integrate botanical races, agro-morphological traits in addition to molecular markers for a better preservation of the genetic resources of sorghum landraces in Eastern Ethiopia.
Genetic diversity in pea germplasm using RAPD MarkersShujaul Mulk Khan
Selection of the genotypes using plasmid assisted technology provides an efficient and useful tool for elaborating genetic relationships among genotypes. In present study, 48 Pea (Pisum sativum var sativum L.) genotypes obtained from different sources were analyzed through 20 RAPD, DNA markers for assessment of intraspecific DNA variations. Results revealed that significant variations were present in minor bands. Major bands also showed significant diversity. Considerable variations were also recorded in density of some common bands. Maximum and minimum genetic diversity i.e., 80% and 20% was found among 08 and 23 comparisons, respectively from banding profile. These variations can be
used further for enhancing variability, a prerequisite for crop breeding. Phylogenetic clustering (through dendrogram analysis) of genotypes revealed that genetic diversity is independent of origin of genotypes. Forty eight genotypes of pea clustered in three main groups A, B and C comprising 23, 5 and 20 genotypes, respectively. Group A1 and C1 included the most distantly related genotypes and hence can be recommended for breeding to obtain genetically diverse segregating populations.
Molecular characterization of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes using target r...Innspub Net
In the present investigation, based on the seven rice putative candidate iron transporter genes, novel TRAP markers were developed. These markers were successfully employed in the molecular diversity study among 30 rice genotypes representing improved rice cultivars and land races with varied grain iron content (7.38 - 30.58 ppm). Totally, thirty TRAP primer combinations were screened, which generated 703 bands out of which 654 were polymorphic (93%) with an average of 21.8 bands per primer combination. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.09 (Osysl4b+ME05) to 0.25 (Osnramp5c+ME05, Osnramp1b+ME02 and Osysl4a +ME02). Gene diversity (H ˆ
) ranged from 0.10 (Osysl4b+ME05) to 0.31 (Osnramp1b + ME02 and Osysl4a +ME02). The Jaccard dissimilarity ranged from 0.15 to 0.52, explaining 37% of genetic variation (Table 4). Grouping of genotypes based on UPGMA and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) were found comparable and grouping of genotypes into a different cluster was found mainly on the basis of pedigree relationships. TRAP markers revealed well resolved relationships among rice genotypes. The information generated from this study will helps to select parental combinations for breeding high iron content
rice varieties.
Genetic Diversity of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) from East and West H...Premier Publishers
Genetic diversity within local landraces is important input for crop breeding programs and in the preservation of their genetic potential. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity and analyze population structure of sorghum landraces grown in East and west Hararghe Zones of Oromia Regional state, Ethiopia based on SSR markers. A total of 10 accessions of sorghum landraces were estimated using 10 SSR markers. For all the loci analyzed, 70 polymorphic alleles were detected with the number of alleles per locus range from 2 to 18 with an average of seven alleles. Polymorphism information content of each marker was variable and showed a significant correlation with total number of alleles (r = 0.75). The higher the number of alleles per marker, the greater is PIC value. Dendrogram obtained according to UPGMA hierarchical classification model using DICE coefficient of similarity allowed the classification of sorghum accessions into four main groups. It was recommended that a further research on genetic diversity of sorghum should integrate botanical races, agro-morphological traits in addition to molecular markers for a better preservation of the genetic resources of sorghum landraces in Eastern Ethiopia.
Genetic diversity in pea germplasm using RAPD MarkersShujaul Mulk Khan
Selection of the genotypes using plasmid assisted technology provides an efficient and useful tool for elaborating genetic relationships among genotypes. In present study, 48 Pea (Pisum sativum var sativum L.) genotypes obtained from different sources were analyzed through 20 RAPD, DNA markers for assessment of intraspecific DNA variations. Results revealed that significant variations were present in minor bands. Major bands also showed significant diversity. Considerable variations were also recorded in density of some common bands. Maximum and minimum genetic diversity i.e., 80% and 20% was found among 08 and 23 comparisons, respectively from banding profile. These variations can be
used further for enhancing variability, a prerequisite for crop breeding. Phylogenetic clustering (through dendrogram analysis) of genotypes revealed that genetic diversity is independent of origin of genotypes. Forty eight genotypes of pea clustered in three main groups A, B and C comprising 23, 5 and 20 genotypes, respectively. Group A1 and C1 included the most distantly related genotypes and hence can be recommended for breeding to obtain genetically diverse segregating populations.
Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, genetic advance as percen...Premier Publishers
Field experiment was conducted to estimate genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, genetic advance as a percent mean and character association for forty nine genotypes of Ethiopian mustards collected from different agro ecologies. The experiment was carried out in a simple lattice design. The analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences among genotypes for all traits compared. The significant difference indicates the existence of genetic variability among the accessions which is important for improvement. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variations were observed in seed yield per plot, oil yield per plot, and plant height. This shows that selection of these traits based on phenotype may be useful for yield improvement. The highest heritability in broad sense was recorded for thousand seed weight (68.80%) followed by days to flowering (65.91%), stand percent (63.14%), linolenic acid(62.58%), days to maturity (60.43%), plant height (59.63%), palmitic acid (58.19%), linoleic acid (57.46%),oil content (50.33%), oil yield (44.84%), seed yield per plot(42.99%),and primary branches(34.20%). This suggests that large proportion of the total variance was due to the high genotypic and less environmental variance. In the correlation coefficient analysis, seed yield per plot showed positive correlation with oil content, oil yield, plant height and seed yield per plant. In the path analysis, number of primary branches and oil yield showed positive direct effect on seed yield per plot. In this study, seed yield per plot, oil content, oil yield and primary branches were found to be the most important components for the improvement of seed and oil. Therefore more emphasis should be given for highest heritable traits of mustard and to those positively correlated traits to improve these characters using the tested genotypes.
Principal Component Analysis for Evaluation of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The present study was conducted to study the variability among the genotypes by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in order to select those that are most suitable for breeding programme. This study included ten quantitative traits. The result of principal component analysis showed that the first four principal components with Eigen value greater than 0.88 contributed about 76.10 per cent of total variation in the population. The variability of the genotypes was interpreted based on four principal components, the first principal component described the yield level, the second principal component described the productivity and quality and the last two principal components described the quality of the fodder which indicating that the identified traits within the axes exhibited great influence on the phenotype and this could be effectively used for selection among the tested entries for further development of Guinea grass varieties with improved fodder yield and quality.
Abstract— An experiment stand of clonal orchard of masson pine, which included the 123 plus trees of 8 provenances collected from 8 provinces of Southern China, was founded at Jingshan County of Hubei province. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was applied to assess genetic diversity and structure for this clonal seed orchard. Total genomic DNA was extracted from fresh needle tissue with Plant Genomic DNA Extraction Miniprep System made by Viotechnology Corporation The results indicated that the clonal seed orchard of masson pine had higher genetic diversity. The average genetic diversity of the clonal seed orchard was 0.3169, the Shannon’s information index was 0.4813 respectively, and the percentage of polymorphic loci was 71.0%. Observed number of alleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne), Nei’s gene diversity (H), Shannon’s information index (I) and percentage of polymorphic loci (P) within population of Jiangxi, Hunan and Zhejiang were bigger than those of Guangdong, Guangxi, Anhui and Sichuan. Genetic distances among 8 populations were range from 0.0225 to 0.2175, whereas genetic identities were range from 0.8045 to 0.9777. 8 populations were clustered into 7 clusters, which showed that populations with similar latitude were clustered together and the clustering had nothing to do with geographic distributing. There was not significant correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance, while the correlation between genetic distance and latitude was more significant.
Evidence of natural hybridization and introgression between Medicago ciliaris...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract—The present study, investigated some reproductive and fertility parameters in some wild populations, originating from the North Tunisia (4 populations of Medicago ciliaris and 3 populations of Medicago intertexta). Previous finding revealed that these species are genetically distinct and easily recognized by the number of flowers per inflorescence and pod dimensions. However, biometrical traits and isozyme patterns intermediacy between these two species had detected the existence of a potential spontaneous interspecific hybrid originating from Sedjnane locality in Tunisia. Indeed, the present work has shown significant decrease of pollen fertility and seed production for this population when compared to the others (pollen viability 75%, pollen germinability 8% and pod production=9%). These results suggested a possible natural interspecific hybrid and confirming introgressive hybridization possibility between M. intertexta and M. ciliaris.
Genetic Variability and Morphological Diversity among Open-Pollinated Maize (...Premier Publishers
A study to characterize and determine the magnitude of genetic variation among 60 open-pollinated maize varieties was conducted at two contrasting locations in Sierra Leone during the 2015 wet cropping season. Results revealed that traits such as grain moisture content, anthesis-silking interval, plant and ear heights, number of ears harvested, field weight and grain yield showed moderate to high values of the components of genetic variation while days to 50% anthesis and silking revealed low values of the components of genetic variation. The first two PCA axes explained 54% of the total variation, of which the first principal component (PC1) accounted for 35% and PC2 contributed 19% of the total variation. The cluster diagram grouped the genotypes into seven main clusters and results suggest that crosses involving clusters I and V with any other clusters would produce segregants with low grain yields while the crosses between clusters IV, VI and VII would be expected to manifest higher heterosis and could result in segregants with higher grain yields. There was significant genetic variability observed among the genotypes evaluated thereby suggest the scope to bring about traits improvement of genotypes through direct selection and hybridization.
Dynamics of Phalaris minor in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different es...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2013-2014 at crop research centre Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) to examine the behaviour and magnitude of Phalaris minor and its dynamics in different combinations of establishment methods and weed control measures in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Density of Phalaris minor was highest under RTW as compared to CTW and ZTW at 60, 90 DAS and also at maturity stage. Ready mix of clodinafop-propargyl + MSM @ 64 g/ha and clodinafop-propargyl @ 60 g/ha completely controlled Phalaris minor. Dry matter accumulation by Phalaris minor was highest under RTW which was at par with CTW but significantly higher over ZTW at 30, 90 DAS and at maturity.
Opportunities from the genetic diversity of the ILRI genebank forage germplas...ILRI
Presented by Alieu Mortuwah Sartie, Alemayehu Teressa, Ermias Habte, Meki Shehabu Muktar, Abel Teshome, Jean Hanson, Habib Olumide Akinmade, Ki-Won Lee and Chris S. Jones at the 27 Annual Conference of the Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP), EIAR, Addis Ababa, 29–31 August 2019
The influences of rooting media and hormone applications on rooting percentag...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT : Schefflera arboricola is used as an indoor plant in many places across the world besides the area it covers naturally. Therefore, it is produced intensely. However, it is usually produced through body cutting, which damages rootstock and allows obtaining only few cuttings from a plant. This study makes an attempt to determine the influences of rooting media and hormone applications on rooting percentage and some root morphological characters in cuttings taken from Schefflera arboricola in small amounts without damaging rootstock to the contrary of common practice. In this study, cuttings were treated with 1000 ppm, 3000 ppm, and 5000 ppm doses of IAA, IBA, NAA, and GA3 hormones, and rooting trials were carried out in sand, pearlite, and peat media. The research results show that the employed methods are significantly influential on rooting percentage and root morphological characters, and rooting percentage can be increased up to 75%.
Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for DUS On Chilli (Hot Pepper), Bell (Sw...kartoori sai santhosh
Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctiveness, Uniformity and Stability On
Chilli (Hot Pepper), Bell (Sweet) Pepper and Paprika(Capsicum annuum L.)
Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, genetic advance as percen...Premier Publishers
Field experiment was conducted to estimate genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, genetic advance as a percent mean and character association for forty nine genotypes of Ethiopian mustards collected from different agro ecologies. The experiment was carried out in a simple lattice design. The analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences among genotypes for all traits compared. The significant difference indicates the existence of genetic variability among the accessions which is important for improvement. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variations were observed in seed yield per plot, oil yield per plot, and plant height. This shows that selection of these traits based on phenotype may be useful for yield improvement. The highest heritability in broad sense was recorded for thousand seed weight (68.80%) followed by days to flowering (65.91%), stand percent (63.14%), linolenic acid(62.58%), days to maturity (60.43%), plant height (59.63%), palmitic acid (58.19%), linoleic acid (57.46%),oil content (50.33%), oil yield (44.84%), seed yield per plot(42.99%),and primary branches(34.20%). This suggests that large proportion of the total variance was due to the high genotypic and less environmental variance. In the correlation coefficient analysis, seed yield per plot showed positive correlation with oil content, oil yield, plant height and seed yield per plant. In the path analysis, number of primary branches and oil yield showed positive direct effect on seed yield per plot. In this study, seed yield per plot, oil content, oil yield and primary branches were found to be the most important components for the improvement of seed and oil. Therefore more emphasis should be given for highest heritable traits of mustard and to those positively correlated traits to improve these characters using the tested genotypes.
Principal Component Analysis for Evaluation of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The present study was conducted to study the variability among the genotypes by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in order to select those that are most suitable for breeding programme. This study included ten quantitative traits. The result of principal component analysis showed that the first four principal components with Eigen value greater than 0.88 contributed about 76.10 per cent of total variation in the population. The variability of the genotypes was interpreted based on four principal components, the first principal component described the yield level, the second principal component described the productivity and quality and the last two principal components described the quality of the fodder which indicating that the identified traits within the axes exhibited great influence on the phenotype and this could be effectively used for selection among the tested entries for further development of Guinea grass varieties with improved fodder yield and quality.
Abstract— An experiment stand of clonal orchard of masson pine, which included the 123 plus trees of 8 provenances collected from 8 provinces of Southern China, was founded at Jingshan County of Hubei province. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was applied to assess genetic diversity and structure for this clonal seed orchard. Total genomic DNA was extracted from fresh needle tissue with Plant Genomic DNA Extraction Miniprep System made by Viotechnology Corporation The results indicated that the clonal seed orchard of masson pine had higher genetic diversity. The average genetic diversity of the clonal seed orchard was 0.3169, the Shannon’s information index was 0.4813 respectively, and the percentage of polymorphic loci was 71.0%. Observed number of alleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne), Nei’s gene diversity (H), Shannon’s information index (I) and percentage of polymorphic loci (P) within population of Jiangxi, Hunan and Zhejiang were bigger than those of Guangdong, Guangxi, Anhui and Sichuan. Genetic distances among 8 populations were range from 0.0225 to 0.2175, whereas genetic identities were range from 0.8045 to 0.9777. 8 populations were clustered into 7 clusters, which showed that populations with similar latitude were clustered together and the clustering had nothing to do with geographic distributing. There was not significant correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance, while the correlation between genetic distance and latitude was more significant.
Evidence of natural hybridization and introgression between Medicago ciliaris...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract—The present study, investigated some reproductive and fertility parameters in some wild populations, originating from the North Tunisia (4 populations of Medicago ciliaris and 3 populations of Medicago intertexta). Previous finding revealed that these species are genetically distinct and easily recognized by the number of flowers per inflorescence and pod dimensions. However, biometrical traits and isozyme patterns intermediacy between these two species had detected the existence of a potential spontaneous interspecific hybrid originating from Sedjnane locality in Tunisia. Indeed, the present work has shown significant decrease of pollen fertility and seed production for this population when compared to the others (pollen viability 75%, pollen germinability 8% and pod production=9%). These results suggested a possible natural interspecific hybrid and confirming introgressive hybridization possibility between M. intertexta and M. ciliaris.
Genetic Variability and Morphological Diversity among Open-Pollinated Maize (...Premier Publishers
A study to characterize and determine the magnitude of genetic variation among 60 open-pollinated maize varieties was conducted at two contrasting locations in Sierra Leone during the 2015 wet cropping season. Results revealed that traits such as grain moisture content, anthesis-silking interval, plant and ear heights, number of ears harvested, field weight and grain yield showed moderate to high values of the components of genetic variation while days to 50% anthesis and silking revealed low values of the components of genetic variation. The first two PCA axes explained 54% of the total variation, of which the first principal component (PC1) accounted for 35% and PC2 contributed 19% of the total variation. The cluster diagram grouped the genotypes into seven main clusters and results suggest that crosses involving clusters I and V with any other clusters would produce segregants with low grain yields while the crosses between clusters IV, VI and VII would be expected to manifest higher heterosis and could result in segregants with higher grain yields. There was significant genetic variability observed among the genotypes evaluated thereby suggest the scope to bring about traits improvement of genotypes through direct selection and hybridization.
Dynamics of Phalaris minor in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different es...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2013-2014 at crop research centre Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) to examine the behaviour and magnitude of Phalaris minor and its dynamics in different combinations of establishment methods and weed control measures in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Density of Phalaris minor was highest under RTW as compared to CTW and ZTW at 60, 90 DAS and also at maturity stage. Ready mix of clodinafop-propargyl + MSM @ 64 g/ha and clodinafop-propargyl @ 60 g/ha completely controlled Phalaris minor. Dry matter accumulation by Phalaris minor was highest under RTW which was at par with CTW but significantly higher over ZTW at 30, 90 DAS and at maturity.
Opportunities from the genetic diversity of the ILRI genebank forage germplas...ILRI
Presented by Alieu Mortuwah Sartie, Alemayehu Teressa, Ermias Habte, Meki Shehabu Muktar, Abel Teshome, Jean Hanson, Habib Olumide Akinmade, Ki-Won Lee and Chris S. Jones at the 27 Annual Conference of the Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP), EIAR, Addis Ababa, 29–31 August 2019
The influences of rooting media and hormone applications on rooting percentag...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT : Schefflera arboricola is used as an indoor plant in many places across the world besides the area it covers naturally. Therefore, it is produced intensely. However, it is usually produced through body cutting, which damages rootstock and allows obtaining only few cuttings from a plant. This study makes an attempt to determine the influences of rooting media and hormone applications on rooting percentage and some root morphological characters in cuttings taken from Schefflera arboricola in small amounts without damaging rootstock to the contrary of common practice. In this study, cuttings were treated with 1000 ppm, 3000 ppm, and 5000 ppm doses of IAA, IBA, NAA, and GA3 hormones, and rooting trials were carried out in sand, pearlite, and peat media. The research results show that the employed methods are significantly influential on rooting percentage and root morphological characters, and rooting percentage can be increased up to 75%.
Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for DUS On Chilli (Hot Pepper), Bell (Sw...kartoori sai santhosh
Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctiveness, Uniformity and Stability On
Chilli (Hot Pepper), Bell (Sweet) Pepper and Paprika(Capsicum annuum L.)
Capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) commonly known as bhede khursani or sweet pepper or Shimla mirch belongs to solanaceae family.
It is native to Mexico with secondary centre of origin at Guatemala and Bulgaria (Safford, 1926).
It is a high value crop and its fruits are highly nutritious.
Hundred gram of edible portion of capsicum provides 24 k cal of energy, 1.3 g of protein 4.3 g of carbohydrate and 0.3 g of fat (Anon. 2001)
S M Masiul Azam, Md Shahidul Islam, Parvin Shahanaz, Md Shafiqur Rahman and Sarder Md Shahriar Alam. “Molecular Characterization of Brassica Cultivars through RAPD Markers” United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT) 1.3 (2019): 41-45.
Seed morphometric studies of some Kenaf ( Hibiscus canabinus ) accessions researchagriculture
Fifteen kenaf lines collected from kenaf and Jute Improvement Programme
of Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (I.A.R.& T.) were subjected to digital
imaging analysis using USB microscope with digital imaging software (Veho™ UK) and
Vernier caliper to study the seed morphometric of available kenaf accession and the
possibility of using the morphometric data to determine variations between the
accessions. Ten seeds in four replicates of each seed lot were randomly selected and
measurement of the seed length, seed width, seed angle and seed thickness were
taken. The measurements were inputted and saved into Microsoft excel from where
the mean value of each parameters were calculated for each replicates. Data were
subjected to Analysis of variance, correlation analysis, principal component analysis
and clustering analysis. Variation exit among seed of kenaf accessions though they
had similar microscopic appearance features. Seed area, which was a function of seed
length and seed width contributed largely to the variation that exist between the seed
of kenaf accessions. Accession HC
-
583
-
31
2
, clearly distinguished itself from others and
therefore can be used in parent selection during breeding programmes. The inclusion
of this seed morphometrics trait in taxonomic description of kenaf is recommended to
increase the accuracy of morphological classification of kenaf.
Presentation at the November 2012 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Arusha, Tanzania.
Please see www.sti4d.com/b4fa for more information
B4FA 2012 Tanzania: Science Journalism in Tanzania - Joseph Kithamab4fa
Presentation at the November 2012 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Arusha, Tanzania.
Please see www.sti4d.com/b4fa for more information
B4FA 2012 Tanzania: Genes - Out of the Lab into the News - Sharon Schmickleb4fa
Presentation at the November 2012 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Arusha, Tanzania.
Please see www.sti4d.com/b4fa for more information
Presentation at the November 2012 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Arusha, Tanzania.
Please see www.sti4d.com/b4fa for more information
B4FA 2013 Ghana: Seed trade environment in Ghana - Daniel Otungeb4fa
Presentation at the March 2013 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Accra, Ghana.
Please see www.sti4d.com/b4fa for more information
B4FA 2013 Ghana: Agricultural biotechnology and the regulatory environment - ...b4fa
Presentation at the March 2013 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Accra, Ghana.
Please see www.sti4d.com/b4fa for more information
Presentation at the March 2013 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Accra, Ghana.
Please see www.sti4d.com/b4fa for more information
B4FA 2013 Ghana: Bt cotton production in Ghana - Emmanuel Chambab4fa
Presentation at the March 2013 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Accra, Ghana.
Please see www.sti4d.com/b4fa for more information
B4FA 2013 Ghana: F1 hybrid seeds and plants - Claudia Canalesb4fa
Presentation at the March 2013 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Accra, Ghana.
Please see www.sti4d.com/b4fa for more information
Presentation at the March 2013 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Accra, Ghana.
Please see www.sti4d.com/b4fa for more information
B4FA 2013 Ghana: Status of maruca-resistant cowpea project in Ghana - IDK Ato...b4fa
Presentation at the March 2013 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Accra, Ghana.
Please see www.b4fa.org for more information
B4FA 2013 Ghana: Genetic Engineering - Chris Leaverb4fa
Introduction to genetic engineering technologies and principles at B4FA 2013 Accra media fellowship workshop
For more information please see www.b4fa.org
B4FA 2012 Tanzania: Seed trade environment in Tanzania - Daniel Otungeb4fa
Presentation at the November 2012 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Arusha, Tanzania.
Please see www.b4fa.org for more information
Presentation at the November 2012 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Arusha, Tanzania.
Please see www.b4fa.org for more information
B4FA 2012 Tanzania: Groundnut aflatoxin project ARI - Omari Mpondab4fa
Presentation at the November 2012 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Arusha, Tanzania.
Please see www.b4fa.org for more information
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
B4FA 2013 Ghana: Cassava mosaic disease resistance - Paul Asare
1. Characterization and screening for
Cassava mosaic disease
(CMD)resistance
Paul. A. Asare (Ph.D)
Department of Crop Science
U. C. C
2. Outline of presentation
• Introduction
• Objective
• Materials and method
• Results
• Conclusion
• Some breeding work at UCC
3. Introduction
• Cassava (Manihot esculenta)
– Is one of the world’s most important tropical plants
– The fifth source of carbohydrate in the tropics
• Contributes 22% of the total Agriculture Gross
Domestic Product (AgGDP) (Parkes 2009)
• It is also a source of income for most rural
dwellers.
4. CMD is an important
constraint to cassava
production in Africa
(Geddes, 1990; Zhou et al.,
1997; Huiping et al., 2010).
Estimated total crop yield
losses due to CMD on the
continent amounts to about
US $440 million per annum
(Thresh et al., 1997).
5. Objectives of the study
• The objectives of the study were:
– to characterize the various accessions using
morphological descriptors and molecular
markers.
– to screen for mosaic resistant accessions.
6. Materials and methods
• Forty three (43) different cassava plants (accessions)
were used
• Land preparation
– A portion of land, at the School of Agriculture Teaching and
Research farm, was cleared, ploughed and harrowed
• Planting of cassava accessions
– Single row planting method of 1m x 1m length was used.
– Ten cuttings for each accession.
7. Morphological Characterization
• The accessions were first characterized base on
morphological descriptors (IITA, 1990).
• Both qualitative and quantitative data were
taken on shoot and root morphology
• Data collection started six weeks after planting
through to 12 months after planting (MAP).
8. Molecular Characterization
–Molecular characterization
• DNA extraction was done using the CTAB
protocol I (Murray and Thompson 1990).
• DNA quality and quantitation was done
using spectrophotometer.
• DNA was stored at -20oC.
9. Molecular Characterization cont’d
• PCR Amplification
– PCR amplification was carried out using 36 pairs
of cassava SSR primers
– hPAGE was used
– Documentation
– 20 SSR primers that produced clear bands were
used for the analysis
10. Fig. 1 Distribution of first leaf colour in cassava germplasm
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Light green Dark green Green purple Purple
PercentageFrequency
Colour of first leaf
Results
11. Figure 2: Distribution of petiole colour in cassava germplasm.
Light green Dark green Green purple Purple
Petiole colour
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
PercentageFrequency
12. Figure 3: Distribution of petiole length in cassava germplasm.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
5-14 15-24 >25
PercentageFrequency
Petiole lenght (cm)
13. Figure 4: Distribution of stem colour in cassava germplasm.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Silver green Light brown/orange Dark brown
PercentageFrequency
Stem colour
14. Figure 5: Distribution of root surface colour in cassava germplasm.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
White/Cream Light brown Dark brown
PercentageFrequency
Root surface colour
15. Figure 6: Distribution of storage root pulp colour in cassava germplasm.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
White Yellow
PercentageFrequency
Storage root pulp colour
32. Marker Assisted Selection
• Laboratory screening.
– Six (6) pairs of CMD diagnostic primers were
used to check for the various strains of the
virus
– Four (4) pairs of primers associated with
resistant (CMD2 gene) to the virus were used.
33. Lab. Screening…cont’d
• PCR amplification
Table 2: Nucleotide sequences of DNA primers used in polymerase
chain reaction for the detection of cassava mosaic begomovirus
Harrison et al. (1997) and that of Zhou et al. (1997)
CMD2 markers were SSRY28, NS156, NS169 and RME1
(Akano et al., 2002; Fregene et al., 2001 )
Virus Name of primer Sequence (5’ to 3’)
ACMV ACMV-F1 (P1)
ACMV-R1
ACMV-F2 (P2)
ACMV-R2
ACMV-AL1/F (P3)
ACMV-ARO/R
ACMV-1 (P3)
ACMV-2
TTC AGT TAT CAG GGC TCG TAA
GAG TG AAG TTG ACT CAT GA
GTG AGAAAG ACA TTC TTG GC
CCT GCAATT ATA TAG TGG CC
GCG GAA TCC CTAACA TAA TC
GCT CGT ATG TAT CCT CTA AGG CCT
GCTC AAC TGG AGA CAC ACT TG
CCT GCAACA TAC TTA CGC TT
EACMV/EACMV UV-AL3/F (P5)
UV-AL1/F1
TAC ACA TGC CTC RAA TCC TG
CTC CGC CAC AAA CTT ACG TT
EACMV-Ug UV-AL1/F1 (P6)
ACMV-CP/R3
TGT CTT CTG GGA CTT GTG TG
TGC CTC CTG ATG ATT ATA TGTC
34. NoneCAPEVARS
P4ADEHYE
P1NKABOM
ADW053
OFF063
P1 & P4
AFS041
OFF023
P1 & P3
P1, P2 & P4DMA002
AFS136
KW181
P2 & P4
P2, P3 & P4UCC470
UCC517
ADW051
ADW063
KW085
OFF058
OFF093
OFF146
P1 P2 & P4
OFF086
OFF136
P1, P3 & P4
NN42
NN43
OFF019
OFF025
OFF029
OFF145
OHYEOKA
UCC153
UCC506
ADW004
AFS001
AFS027
AFS048
AFS126
AFS131
ASAMAN
B.BOTAN
BESEREBEMA
DMA066
KW001
KW070
KW148
KW161
P1, P2, P3 & P4
0.000.050.100.150.200.250.30
Figure 3: Dendrogram showing 43 cassava accessions reaction patterns with four mosaic primers as determined by the unweighted pair
group method with arithmetic averages of binary character matrices using the similarity coefficient index (Nei, 1983)
35. Conclusion
• The 43 cassava accessions used were genetically
variable and clustered into groups not necessarily
based on the source of collection.
• Molecular markers were more efficient in
distinguishing the 43 accessions into 9 clusters,
compared to morphological markers, which
grouped them into 4 clusters
• The only CMG strain responsible for the disease
symptoms in the study area was ACMV.
36. Conclusion cont’d
This study identified
only one genotype
(Capevars) as
resistant to the
cassava mosaic
disease CMD.
37. Some plant breeding work at UCC
• Cassava germplasm collection – Central & Western
Regions
– 516 accessions from 23 districts
– Through conventional breeding 2 varieties were released
to farmers
• Characterization of water yam accessions using both
morphological and molecular techniques.
• Molecular characterization of Ghanaian Avocado pear
• Screening work
– Striga resistance in cowpea
– Drought resistance in cowpea
– Drought resistance and ‘stay green’ trait in sorghum
– Blight tolerance/resistance in taro