Chapt07 Lecture
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This document provides an outline of key topics covered in Chapter 7, including: - Changes in global food production and population over time - Persistent hunger issues around the world despite food surpluses - Health risks of undernutrition, poor diet, and overeating - Primary global food crops and components that make up soil - The green revolution and how it increased crop yields - Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and their potential risks and benefits - Environmental costs of farming and ways to minimize these impacts
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Sd Conference Aiaer Jan. 2008
the delicate topic of Sustainable Development through a
book which I have co-authored and give to the audience also a perspective on
how Education can sensitively provide support for this framework.
I will participate in my role of affiliate professor of management and behavior
for Grenoble Graduate School of Business, France ( www.ggsb.com)
by mark esposito (m.esposito@ht.umass.edu)
Session 8 - Bio-Diversity 1
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Nwf ar-layout v6
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The document discusses World Environment Day which is celebrated annually on June 5th. It provides background on the origins and history of World Environment Day, noting it was established in 1972 by the UN to raise awareness about environmental protection. This year's theme is "Reimagine. Recreate. Restore" and focuses on ecosystem restoration. The document outlines the importance of ecosystem restoration, explaining how human activities have degraded the environment and caused biodiversity loss. It emphasizes the economic and social benefits of restoration, including job creation, improved livelihoods and countering climate change. Pakistan is hosting the official World Environment Day celebrations in 2021 and will launch a tree planting campaign as part of restoration efforts.
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Summary of topic 8.1
1. The world's population has grown to over 7 billion and is still increasing, though the growth rate is decreasing as fertility rates fall globally. Most population growth is occurring in developing regions like sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
2. Factors like education levels, economic conditions, availability of family planning, and disease prevalence influence birth and death rates in different parts of the world. As countries develop, their population growth typically follows a "demographic transition" from high birth/death rates to low rates.
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Background Conservation of the unique biodiversity of mountain ecosystems needs trans-disciplinary approaches to succeed in a crowded colloquial world. Geographers, conservationists, ecologists and social scientists have, in the past, had the same conservation goals but have tended to work independently. In this review, the need to integrate different conservation criteria and methodologies is discussed. New criteria are offered for prioritizing species and habitats for conservation in montane ecosystems that combine both ecological and social data.
Scope Ecological attributes of plant species, analysed through robust community statistical packages, provide unbiased classifications of species assemblages and environmental biodiversity gradients and yield importance value indices (IVIs). Surveys of local communities’ utilization of the vegetation provides use values (UVs). This review suggests a new means of assessing anthropogenic pressure on plant biodiversity at both species and community levels by integrating IVI and UV data sets in a combined analysis.
Conclusions Mountain ecosystems are hot spots for plant conservation efforts because they hold a high overall plant diversity as communities replace each other along altitudinal and climatic gradients, including a high proportion of endemic species. This review contributes an enhanced understanding of (1) plant diversity in mountain ecosystems with special reference to the western Himalayas; (2) ethnobotanical and ecosystem service values of mountain vegetation within the context of anthropogenic impacts; and (3) local and regional plant conservation strategies and priorities.
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The degradation of natural infrastructure like mangroves, wetlands, and coral reefs in urban coastal areas is a significant and growing problem that disproportionately impacts poor populations. Coastal ecosystems provide important benefits like food, income, and protection from hazards, but around half of these ecosystems have been lost globally since 1900 due to development and land use changes. This is especially pressing in Asia and Africa where populations are rapidly growing in coastal cities and rely heavily on natural resources. Continued degradation of remaining coastal ecosystems from climate change and development could lead to irreversible losses of natural infrastructure protection for tens of millions of vulnerable urban coastal dwellers worldwide.
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What is the value of biodiversity
Choose your ecosystem and roles for your team members. You have until the end of class to decide. Get started on your research tonight! Let me know if you have any other questions as you work on your presentations. Good luck!
Esd1
Ecological sustainable development is defined as development that improves quality of life while maintaining ecological processes that support life. Key ways to achieve it include ecotourism, buying organic, land care programs, individual environmentally-friendly behaviors, and policies by non-government organizations. Ecotourism involves sustainable tourism that educates visitors and benefits local communities while respecting cultures and minimizing environmental impacts.
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India has rich natural resources but they are being depleted rapidly due to overpopulation, overconsumption, and lack of conservation efforts. The government has implemented various programs and missions to promote sustainable management of resources through conservation agriculture, afforestation, population control measures, and educating people on responsible resource use. However, continued conservation efforts are needed to protect India's resources for future generations.
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Sustainable utilization and conservation of plant biodiversity in montane eco...
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Valuing Biodiversity – Use and Non-use Values and Their Economic Measurement
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Smc Newsletter March 07
The document discusses several challenges facing the global food supply, including population growth, increased demand for resource-intensive foods like meat, impacts of climate change, and dependence on fossil fuels throughout the food system from production to distribution. It notes that convergence of these trends has already led to declines in grain reserves and rising food prices in recent years. The challenges threaten global food security and will intensify as fossil fuel depletion accelerates.
Food security in world 2050
The document discusses food security challenges facing the world by 2050. Key points include:
- Global food production must increase 70% by 2050 to feed a rising population expected to reach 9.1 billion.
- Hunger currently affects over 821 million people worldwide and billions lack reliable access to nutritious food.
- Factors exacerbating food insecurity include population growth, changing diets, climate change, water scarcity, soil erosion, and plateauing crop yields.
- Solutions proposed are closing yield gaps, raising water productivity, balancing calorie and nutrient needs, reducing food waste, and supporting young farmers. UN agencies are working on programs like Zero Hunger to end hunger by 2030.
Food resources & World Food Problems
Food comes primarily from three sources: croplands (76% of food), rangelands (17% of food from livestock grazing), and fisheries (7% of food). The document then discusses several issues contributing to the global food problem, including natural disasters from climate change, poverty limiting people's ability to afford food, rising global food prices, uncontrolled population growth straining food production, foreign companies acquiring land in poor countries, and undernutrition and malnourishment affecting health. Modern industrial agriculture also poses problems such as monocultures, waterlogging, salinization of soils from irrigation, fertilizer-related pollution and imbalances, and pesticide resistance, biological magnification, and impacts on non-target species
Food and agriculture[1]
This document provides an overview of global food production and consumption. It discusses challenges like chronic hunger affecting nearly 1 billion people. It also describes the industrialization of agriculture, including the green revolution, use of monocultures, irrigation, fertilizers, and pesticides. Problems from these practices like water depletion and pollution are mentioned. Organic foods are discussed as an alternative to avoid pesticide residues. The document is a reference for a course on environmental science.
Food and agriculture[1]
This document provides an overview of global food production and consumption. It discusses challenges like chronic hunger affecting nearly 1 billion people. It also describes the industrialization of agriculture, including the green revolution, use of monocultures, irrigation, fertilizers, and pesticides. Problems from these practices like water depletion and pollution are mentioned. Organic foods are discussed as an alternative to avoid pesticide residues. The document is a reference for a course on environmental science.
3. food resources.pptx
The document summarizes food resources and agriculture. It discusses the major sources of food for humans as croplands, rangelands, and fisheries. It then describes two main types of agriculture - industrialized agriculture which uses high inputs and traditional agriculture which is more common in developing nations. Traditional agriculture can be intensive or subsistence. The document also discusses some issues with modern industrialized agriculture such as fertilizer and pesticide problems, water logging, and salinity.
Beautiful vegetarians
This document promotes adopting a vegetarian lifestyle by outlining its perceived health, environmental, ethical and intellectual benefits. It argues that a vegetarian diet is healthier, helps prevent diseases, contributes to environmental preservation by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and water and land usage. It also asserts that being vegetarian demonstrates intelligence, courage and love by avoiding harming animals and respecting life. The document provides statistics and sources to support these claims and profiles famous vegetarians throughout history.
Lecture 3 2ppt Food resources
This document discusses environmental issues related to food production and agriculture. It covers topics like unsustainable modern agriculture practices that pollute the environment, food insecurity issues globally, malnutrition problems in many countries, and the effects of agriculture and overgrazing on the environment. Key impacts of modern agriculture discussed are soil erosion, loss of genetic diversity, and problems from excessive fertilizer and pesticide use like contamination of water sources and development of pest resistance.
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Chapt15 Lecture
This document provides an outline for a chapter on environmental policy and sustainability. It introduces key concepts and terms, including environmental policy, laws, management approaches, and sustainability. It also lists learning outcomes, such as understanding how policy is formed, important US environmental laws, and what individuals can do to contribute to environmental protection.
Chapt14 Lecture
This chapter discusses various topics related to urbanization and sustainable development:
1) More than half of humans now live in cities, and that number is expected to reach three-quarters by 2050 as large cities continue expanding rapidly worldwide.
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Chapt13 Lecture
The document discusses various topics related to waste management including:
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Chapt11 Lecture
The document discusses key topics in geology including:
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Chapt12 Lecture
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Chapt10 Lecture
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Chapt09 Lecture
This document provides an outline for a chapter on climate change and air pollution that covers the following key topics:
1. It introduces the stratosphere and greenhouse effect, and explains how the greenhouse effect works and is changing the climate.
2. It describes phenomena like the El Niño cycle and Milankovitch cycles that affect weather patterns and climate.
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Chapt08 Lecture
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Chapt04 Lecture
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Chapt03 Lecture
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This document provides an outline for Chapter 2 of an ecology textbook. It covers the following key points in 3 sentences:
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Chapt01 Lecture
The document summarizes key topics from Chapter 1 of an environmental science textbook, including:
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- Sustainability and sustainable development, which aim to meet present needs without compromising future generations.
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Chapt01 Lecture
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Chapt07 Lecture
- 1. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 7 Lecture Outline
- 3. We can’t solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them. –Albert Einstein 7-
- 5. Hunger around the world 7-
- 9. 7-
- 12. The Harvard food pyramid 7-
- 16. Meat is a good indicator of wealth 7-
- 17. Confined animal feeding operation (CAFO) 7-
- 23. 7-
- 24. Soil Horizons 7-
- 26. Causes of Soil Erosion and Degradation 7-
- 29. Wind and water are the main agents that move soil around. 7-
- 37. Soil conservation is essential 7-