A presentation linking three intertwined topics - food security, water security, and food recovery - with a focus on the need to change behavior and give the proper value to our food and water resources in order to successfully feed 9 billion by 2050. Doing so requires minimizing food and water waste while viewing 9Bx2050 not only as a challenge, but as an opportunity to advance critical sustainability initiatives globally.
Valuing Our Food: Minimizing Waste and Optimizing Resources - The Scope of th...Steven M. Finn
This presentation addresses the scope and significance of the problem of global food waste - noting that a serious disconnect exists which allows nearly one billion people to go hungry while the world wastes one to two billion tons of food annually. Our values regarding food are well out of balance, and a global food system which creates such vast amounts of waste is in many ways dysfunctional. Industrialized nations display a “culture of abundance” which leads to massive amounts of food waste while the social, economic, and environmental costs of that waste get little mainstream attention. The current state of waste, pollution, and hunger is unsustainable. This presentation notes the importance of valuing our food and optimizing resource usage to prepare the world to handle nine billion people by 2050. While the nine billion by 2050 problem is a daunting challenge, it should also be viewed as a critical opportunity to unite the world with shared purpose to eradicate hunger, minimize environmental impact, and enhance global security through a collaborative global network driven by expertise and urgency. To facilitate this transition, the overall opportunity can be viewed – and addressed – as a series of linked opportunities. This is a journey the world must embrace – we have little choice but to rapidly adopt sustainability principles across the globe which involve minimizing food waste and optimizing resource use if we are to successfully support nine billion people by 2050.
This material was part of a presentation to the IRAS Conference (Institute of Religion in an Age of Science) at Silver Bay, NY on July 31, 2013.
Food waste and loss is a large and increasingly urgent problem and is particularly acute in developing countries where food loss reduces income by at least 15 percent (according to the FAO) for 470 million smallholder farmers and downstream value chain actors, most of whom are part of the 1.2 billion people who are food insecure.
A lecture in Quantitative Sustainability
It is often claimed that agricultural productivity needs to be increased in order to feed a growing world population. Food security depends on several factors besides the productivity, including waste/efficiency, energy crops, meat consumption, and global justice and equity. This lecture explores the issue of food security in its many dimensions and teaches how to use a high-level systems approach in sustainability science.
Valuing Our Food: Minimizing Waste and Optimizing Resources - The Scope of th...Steven M. Finn
This presentation addresses the scope and significance of the problem of global food waste - noting that a serious disconnect exists which allows nearly one billion people to go hungry while the world wastes one to two billion tons of food annually. Our values regarding food are well out of balance, and a global food system which creates such vast amounts of waste is in many ways dysfunctional. Industrialized nations display a “culture of abundance” which leads to massive amounts of food waste while the social, economic, and environmental costs of that waste get little mainstream attention. The current state of waste, pollution, and hunger is unsustainable. This presentation notes the importance of valuing our food and optimizing resource usage to prepare the world to handle nine billion people by 2050. While the nine billion by 2050 problem is a daunting challenge, it should also be viewed as a critical opportunity to unite the world with shared purpose to eradicate hunger, minimize environmental impact, and enhance global security through a collaborative global network driven by expertise and urgency. To facilitate this transition, the overall opportunity can be viewed – and addressed – as a series of linked opportunities. This is a journey the world must embrace – we have little choice but to rapidly adopt sustainability principles across the globe which involve minimizing food waste and optimizing resource use if we are to successfully support nine billion people by 2050.
This material was part of a presentation to the IRAS Conference (Institute of Religion in an Age of Science) at Silver Bay, NY on July 31, 2013.
Food waste and loss is a large and increasingly urgent problem and is particularly acute in developing countries where food loss reduces income by at least 15 percent (according to the FAO) for 470 million smallholder farmers and downstream value chain actors, most of whom are part of the 1.2 billion people who are food insecure.
A lecture in Quantitative Sustainability
It is often claimed that agricultural productivity needs to be increased in order to feed a growing world population. Food security depends on several factors besides the productivity, including waste/efficiency, energy crops, meat consumption, and global justice and equity. This lecture explores the issue of food security in its many dimensions and teaches how to use a high-level systems approach in sustainability science.
With unemployment reaching record levels, the demand for food from food banks have also reached new highs. The report gives a detailed overview of Feeding America, the largest hunger relief organization in the United States and the challenges facing food banks at a time when its needed the most.
Metrics and sustainable diets was the focus of a presentation by Thomas Allen of Bioversity International delivered at the Joint Conference on Sustainable Diet and Food Security co-organized by the Belgian Nutrition Society, The Nutrition Society and Société Française de Nutrition on 28 and 29 May 2013 in Lille, France under the auspices of the Federation of European Nutrition Societies, a conference on Sustainable Diet and Food Security. : A system approach to assessing Sustainable Diets. Read more about Bioversity International’s work on diet diversity for nutrition and health
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/diet-diversity/
A National Consumers League White Paper examining challenges and solutions for American food waste. More than one billion people, or one sixth of the world’s population, suffer from chronic hunger. In the United States alone, 49 million people experienced food insecurity in 2012. While millions struggle to put food on the table, others live in a very different world where food excess and overindulgence are more common. Against this backdrop is the shocking reality that a quarter to a third of all food produced goes to waste.
Priorities for Public Sector Research on Food Security and Natural Resources Report Presentation by Frank Place, ICRAF and Alexandre Meybeck, FAO
on April 12, 2013 at the Food Security Futures Conference in Dublin, Ireland.
Tackling food and nutrition security: the importance of gender specific activ...ACIAR
Dr Brigitte Bagnol is a researcher associated with the International Rural Poultry Centre (IRPC), KYEEMA Foundation, Australia and part of the AIFSC project 'Strengthening food security through family poultry and crop integration'. Her presentation looks at the gender dimensions of this work.
In this presentation i have discussed about the importance of food resources, world food problems and changes caused in agriculture and its impact and also it will clearly explain about the condition in Indian food economy. it will also explain a overgrazing in the land
food waste has been one of the least discussed topics yet so devastating on the environment and human life as global warming and pollution
this ppt discusses the food waste valuation on the global and national context and some of the ways to keep it at bay!
Improving diet diversity, quality and ecosystem sustainability. By Federico Mattei Bioversity International. Read more about Bioversity International’s work on diet diversity for nutrition and health. http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/diet-diversity/
Forests, biodiversity and food securityCIFOR-ICRAF
The world faces many challenges in attempting to achieve global food
security, and one of those challenges is the continuing loss of forests and
biodiversity. How do we feed the world’s growing population while
maintaining its biodiversity? The answer could be in new approaches to
integrating agriculture and biodiversity.
CIFOR scientist Terry Sunderland explores the links between forests,
biodiversity and food security in this presentation, which he recently gave at the
2nd World Biodiversity Congress in Malaysia to more than 150 delegates.
The dilemma of the global food system is a deeply existential one . On one hand we have a moral imperative to ensure we have uninterrupted food supply ,on the other , doing so based on the expansion of current practices will have a devastating impact on the environment
Social Dimensions of Climate Change. Presented by Robin Mearns (World Bank) at the GL-CRSP "End of Program Conference" on June 19, 2009, Naivasha, Kenya.
A menu of solutions to sustainably feed more than 9 billion people by 2050. Find out more at http://www.wri.org/publication/creating-sustainable-food-future-interim-findings
Event organized by IFPRI, FAO, and Community for Zero Hunger "The Zero Hunger Challenge - Achieving the Right to Food for All" presentation by Jomo Kwame Sundaram, FAO
on January 30, 2014
http://www.ifpri.org/event/zero-hunger-challenge
With unemployment reaching record levels, the demand for food from food banks have also reached new highs. The report gives a detailed overview of Feeding America, the largest hunger relief organization in the United States and the challenges facing food banks at a time when its needed the most.
Metrics and sustainable diets was the focus of a presentation by Thomas Allen of Bioversity International delivered at the Joint Conference on Sustainable Diet and Food Security co-organized by the Belgian Nutrition Society, The Nutrition Society and Société Française de Nutrition on 28 and 29 May 2013 in Lille, France under the auspices of the Federation of European Nutrition Societies, a conference on Sustainable Diet and Food Security. : A system approach to assessing Sustainable Diets. Read more about Bioversity International’s work on diet diversity for nutrition and health
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/diet-diversity/
A National Consumers League White Paper examining challenges and solutions for American food waste. More than one billion people, or one sixth of the world’s population, suffer from chronic hunger. In the United States alone, 49 million people experienced food insecurity in 2012. While millions struggle to put food on the table, others live in a very different world where food excess and overindulgence are more common. Against this backdrop is the shocking reality that a quarter to a third of all food produced goes to waste.
Priorities for Public Sector Research on Food Security and Natural Resources Report Presentation by Frank Place, ICRAF and Alexandre Meybeck, FAO
on April 12, 2013 at the Food Security Futures Conference in Dublin, Ireland.
Tackling food and nutrition security: the importance of gender specific activ...ACIAR
Dr Brigitte Bagnol is a researcher associated with the International Rural Poultry Centre (IRPC), KYEEMA Foundation, Australia and part of the AIFSC project 'Strengthening food security through family poultry and crop integration'. Her presentation looks at the gender dimensions of this work.
In this presentation i have discussed about the importance of food resources, world food problems and changes caused in agriculture and its impact and also it will clearly explain about the condition in Indian food economy. it will also explain a overgrazing in the land
food waste has been one of the least discussed topics yet so devastating on the environment and human life as global warming and pollution
this ppt discusses the food waste valuation on the global and national context and some of the ways to keep it at bay!
Improving diet diversity, quality and ecosystem sustainability. By Federico Mattei Bioversity International. Read more about Bioversity International’s work on diet diversity for nutrition and health. http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/diet-diversity/
Forests, biodiversity and food securityCIFOR-ICRAF
The world faces many challenges in attempting to achieve global food
security, and one of those challenges is the continuing loss of forests and
biodiversity. How do we feed the world’s growing population while
maintaining its biodiversity? The answer could be in new approaches to
integrating agriculture and biodiversity.
CIFOR scientist Terry Sunderland explores the links between forests,
biodiversity and food security in this presentation, which he recently gave at the
2nd World Biodiversity Congress in Malaysia to more than 150 delegates.
The dilemma of the global food system is a deeply existential one . On one hand we have a moral imperative to ensure we have uninterrupted food supply ,on the other , doing so based on the expansion of current practices will have a devastating impact on the environment
Social Dimensions of Climate Change. Presented by Robin Mearns (World Bank) at the GL-CRSP "End of Program Conference" on June 19, 2009, Naivasha, Kenya.
A menu of solutions to sustainably feed more than 9 billion people by 2050. Find out more at http://www.wri.org/publication/creating-sustainable-food-future-interim-findings
Event organized by IFPRI, FAO, and Community for Zero Hunger "The Zero Hunger Challenge - Achieving the Right to Food for All" presentation by Jomo Kwame Sundaram, FAO
on January 30, 2014
http://www.ifpri.org/event/zero-hunger-challenge
Land resources (forest and minerals) & biodiversityankitaki02
this presentation includes all the different aspects of land resources with their different types including forest and mineral resources and apart from this the presentation also contains a vivid description of biodiversity with their benefits and a clip showing threats to this and their impact on environment.
Minerals And Energy Resources - Class 10 - GeographyAthira S
This Powerpoint Presentation is on the chapter Minerals and Energy Resources from Geography in Class 10 CBSE Board.
The information included is solely taken from the Class 10 Geography textbook.
This Presentation is For Students of Class 10th CBSE Board. This Presentation is on Natural Resources. The Main Topics of this Presentation Are Renewable and Non Renewable Source, Solar Energy, Wind, Forests and Fuel.
Food waste global crisis, global opportunity - steven m. finn - feb 2015Steven M. Finn
Presentation at Cabrini College's conference on the Convergence of Childhood Obesity and Hunger in Philadelphia (February, 2015). This session demonstrated the related problems of hunger, obesity, and food waste and the significant opportunity in capturing and redirecting high-quality calories to improve child nutrition.
Food (agriculture) production and distribution is estimated to cause approximately 25% of global warming (UN), which is causing drought in many areas. Agriculture uses 80% of the ground and surface water, increasing the water shortage. AgLantis is creating an urban farm right in the middle of heavy industry and will use hydroponic greenhouse production which yields as much as 40 times the produce using 10% of the water. The farm is on unused public buffer land, uses recycled agricultural grade water and is an innovate, replicable solution that dramatically decreases the carbon and water footprint of food production and distribution. Using recycled water high in nitrogen and phosphorus also eliminates the need for fossil fuel based fertilizers. The UN estimates 40% of agriculture is lost from farm-to-mouth. Growing in urban centers dramatically decreases that loss, much of which is due to long distane transportation.
Presentation about how regenerative agriculture sinks carbon in soil and helps reverse global warming. Plant photosynthesis uses CO2 in the atmosphere and microbes sequester carbon in soil by eating plant exudates at roots which are sugars. Protecting microbes is critical to drawing down atmospheric CO2 and sinking it in soil. Conventional agriculture kills the microbes in the soil and adds CO2 to the atmosphere. Regenerative agriculture is carbon negative.
Culinary Sustainability Education Professional WACS Certified Trainer
Chef Montaser Masoud
Master Trainer Sustainability Education for Culinary Professionals
About World Chefs | About Global Chefs Challenge | About Feed The Planet
مدرب معتمد من WACS للمحترفين في تعليم الاستدامة في مجال الطهي
الشيف منتصر مسعود
المعلم الرئيسي تعليم الاستدامة لمتخصصي الطهي
حول طهاة العالم | حول تحدي الشيفات العالمي | حول Feed The Planet
WACS Sustainability Education for Culinary Professionals from the World Culin...Montaser Masoud
WACS Sustainability Education for Culinary Professionals from the World Culinary Association
Ibtikar culinary development and training center
chef Montaser Masoud
The United Nations predicts that 1 billion people will be starving by 2050. The carbon footprint of conventional agriculture is huge. We must innovate to use wasted resources to grow food locally, using wasted resources such as public buffer land and recycled water. Greenhouse growing uses a fraction of the water for many times the productivity. Public health requires a fresh supply of produce for everyone.
CoCo San Sustainable Farm is a non-profit urban farm project on sanitary district buffer land, using recycled water and sustainable farming practices that reduce GHG emissions and increase carbon sequestration in soil. This project focuses on reducing nutritional poverty. It's four goals are: Food Equity; Environment; Education; and Economic Development.
Transforming Agri-food Systems to Achieve Healthy Diets for AllCGIAR
Challenges: Why Agri-Food Systems Need to Be Transformed
Opportunities: What Science Can Offer to Address these Challenges
The CGIAR partnership: Our Contribution to achieving the UN’s Sustainable Development Targets
Urban Farming on public land using recycled water will provide low cost fresh produce for schools and food bank and local ciizens and hands-on science and engineering education for youth.
What is the TDS Return Filing Due Date for FY 2024-25.pdfseoforlegalpillers
It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
As a business owner in Delaware, staying on top of your tax obligations is paramount, especially with the annual deadline for Delaware Franchise Tax looming on March 1. One such obligation is the annual Delaware Franchise Tax, which serves as a crucial requirement for maintaining your company’s legal standing within the state. While the prospect of handling tax matters may seem daunting, rest assured that the process can be straightforward with the right guidance. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll walk you through the steps of filing your Delaware Franchise Tax and provide insights to help you navigate the process effectively.
RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
Attending a job Interview for B1 and B2 Englsih learnersErika906060
It is a sample of an interview for a business english class for pre-intermediate and intermediate english students with emphasis on the speking ability.
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
• Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
Accpac to QuickBooks Conversion Navigating the Transition with Online Account...PaulBryant58
This article provides a comprehensive guide on how to
effectively manage the convert Accpac to QuickBooks , with a particular focus on utilizing online accounting services to streamline the process.
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
What are the main advantages of using HR recruiter services.pdfHumanResourceDimensi1
HR recruiter services offer top talents to companies according to their specific needs. They handle all recruitment tasks from job posting to onboarding and help companies concentrate on their business growth. With their expertise and years of experience, they streamline the hiring process and save time and resources for the company.
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptx
Valuing our food and water resources steven m. finn - june 2014
1. Valuing Our Food and Water Resources
Food Security, Water Security, and Food Recovery
Minimizing Waste, Maximizing Opportunity
Steven M. Finn
ResponsEcology, Inc.
University of Pennsylvania
www.responsecology.com
2. Some Key Issues Via Headlines
China’s Bad Earth Food Recycling Faces Snags
Hey Farmers Market Snobs: Ugly Produce Needs Love Too
The Great Balancing Act Global Food: Waste Not, Want Not
Europe Unleashing Full Scale Attack on Food Waste
Recycling the Leftovers A Troubling Pattern of Excessive Food Loss
Food Prices Surge as Drought Exacts a High Toll on Crops
Food Waste Worsens Greenhouse Gas Emissions: FAO
Battle Over Drought Remedy Is clean water the new oil?
How 40% of Our Food Goes to Waste
The Real Focus For Food Recovery The drying of the West
Food Security Requires Water Security
www.responsecology.com
4. Food Security: It’s a Local Problem
• Over 50 million Americans
(about 1 in 6) lived in food
insecure households in 2011
- About 17 million children
- About 5 million seniors
Source: www.feedingamerica.org, 2013
• Question: Is this a meal?
www.responsecology.com
5. …And It’s a Global Problem
• 842 million people (12% of the global
population) were undernourished from 2011
to 2013 Source: FAO, WFP, and IFAD 2013
• About 98% of these individuals live in
developing countries Source: FAO, WFP, and IFAD 2013
• Roughly 2 billion individuals face one or more
micronutrient deficiencies Source: FAO 2013
www.responsecology.com
6. …And It’s Linked to Resources
• Resources – such as water – that are increasingly
scarce, and increasingly linked
As McKinsey notes:
• Up to 3 billion more middle-class consumers will
come on line in the next 20 years
• Demand for resources is increasing; finding &
extracting them is increasingly expensive
• Environmental factors limit production
• Rising concern about inequality might require
action Source: Dobbs, et al. 2011
www.responsecology.com
7. …And It’s Linked to Environment
• Feeding 9 billion by
2050 requires sufficient
quality land and water
• Agriculture already uses
70% of freshwater for
irrigation, and 38% of
ice-free land
Source: Foley, 2011
• Pollution is a critical
global constraint
www.responsecology.com
8. The Challenge Ahead:
• So we need to:
• Feed another 2 billion by 2050
• Ensure adequate water for 9 billion people
• Get more from existing resources
• Do so in a way that ensures survival of
people and planet
• Make outputs of one process inputs to others
One key starting point: Reduce Food Waste
www.responsecology.com
10. The Opportunity Now:
• Reframe: View 9Bx2050 as an Opportunity
• Key: The problem of food waste is tied to the
twin problems of poverty and the environment
• Food Waste = the low-hanging fruit; it provides
a huge opportunity for global collaboration on
eliminating hunger & optimization of resources
• Start by reducing, and redirecting, our enormous
amount of food waste – and put it to good use
www.responsecology.com
11. Reduce Waste through Partnerships
Going from loss/waste to productive use….
www.responsecology.com
12. Food Waste in the US: Scope
• 1977: a study estimated that 20% of the food
produced in the US for human consumption
was lost annually – at that time 137 million
tons with a value of $31 billion Source: USDA Report to
Congress, 1977
• Two decades later, another study estimated
US food losses at 96 billion pounds annually
(or 27% of food available for human
consumption) Source: Kantor et al., 1997
www.responsecology.com
13. • A recent NRDC
report noted that
40% of the food in
the US is not eaten
• This translates to 20
lbs. of food per
person per month
and a value of $165
billion
Source: Gunders, 2012
www.responsecology.com
Food Waste in the US
14. Food Waste in the US
Recent USDA Study:
• 31% of the available food supply at the retail
and consumer levels in 2010 was not eaten
• A total of 133 billion pounds of food (meat,
poultry, fish, vegetables, dairy, etc.)
• Value of $162 billion
Source: Buzby, Wells, & Hyman, 2014
www.responsecology.com
15. Food Waste in the UK
• High rates of food waste in the UK as well
WRAP noted that:
• UK households waste 6.7 million tons of food
per year (about 33% of purchases)
• With proper management, more than 60% of
that food could have been eaten
• Nearly 25% of all avoidable food waste was
discarded in a whole/unopened state
Source: WRAP, 2008
www.responsecology.com
16. Global Losses
• A study by SIWI noted that food losses and
wastage could be as high as 50% from field to
fork Source: Lundqvist,2008
www.responsecology.com
17. Global Losses
• About 1/3 of all
edible parts of
food produced
globally for human
consumption go to
waste annually
• That’s 1.3 billion
tons annually
Source: Gustavvson et al., 2011
www.responsecology.com
18. Global Food Waste by Product
Source: FAO: Food Wastage Footprints, 2012
www.responsecology.com
19. One Trillion Reasons
• In US dollars, FAO estimates food losses and
food waste total about $680 billion in
industrialized countries, and $310 billion in
developing countries Source: FAO Save Food, 2013
• That’s nearly one trillion US dollars…
$ 1,000,000,000,000
www.responsecology.com
20. Global Losses: The Message
• Global food losses of this magnitude are
unconscionable – especially when viewed in
parallel with hunger
• “The potential to provide 60-100% more food
by simply eliminating losses, while
simultaneously freeing up land, energy, and
water resources for other uses, is an
opportunity that should not be ignored.”
Source: Fox, Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 2013
www.responsecology.com
21. Some Causes of Food Waste
• Extreme Weather
• Pests
• Regulations
• Overly selective quality standards
• Damage from machinery
• Loss in Transport and storage
• Food prep and conversion
• Supply and demand variability
• Damaged packaging
• Over-purchasing
• Confusion over sell-by dates
• Plate waste
Source: Kantor et al. 1997
www.responsecology.com
22. Where Food Waste & Losses Occur
• Developing countries (post harvest and processing) vs.
Industrialized countries (retail and consumer)
Source: Gustavvson et al., 2011
www.responsecology.com
23. Developing countries
• Lack of infrastructure is critical
• Transportation, refrigeration problems
• Much material is lost in transit to market, or
rots in inadequate storage facilities
• Little waste at market; food is simply too
valuable!
www.responsecology.com
24. Industrialized countries
• Highly efficient transportation systems allow
for rapid movement of food over great
distances
• Consumers expert convenience, fully stocked
shelves at all times and “perfect” produce
• System based on oversupply and uniformity
• Vast amounts of waste at market
• “Imperfect” produce culled out at farm
www.responsecology.com
25. Excess Fruit In, Excess Fruit Out
• Excess supply and quest for perfection = waste
www.responsecology.com
27. Chicken In, Chicken Out
• The waste goes beyond fruit and vegetables
www.responsecology.com
28. Poor Infrastructure, and Apathy
• Food waste in
developing nations
results from a lack of
infrastructure for
storage and
transportation
• Food waste in
industrialized nations
stems largely from a
culture of abundance,
and apathy
www.responsecology.com
29. Abundance = Myth, Illusion
“Industrialized nations need to learn what it means to
live in scarcity – because the appearance of infinite
abundance is an illusion.” Tristram Stuart, Waste, 2009
www.responsecology.com
30. Valuing Food and Resources
• How much do we
value our food?
• And the resources to
produce it?
• How often do we
consider the
weaknesses of the
food system, and the
waste that results?
www.responsecology.com
31. A Move to Mainstream
• Food Waste is not yet a
mainstream issue in
industrialized nations
• The US spends $1
billion annually to
dispose of food waste
Source: www.endhunger.org 2013
• It must become part of
national, and global,
agendas
www.responsecology.com
32. Global Food Waste: Significance
• Food Waste has direct and significant bearing
on the two most pressing issues of our time –
poverty/hunger and the environment
www.responsecology.com
33. Significance: Lost Calories
• Wasted food prevents needed calories from
reaching the mouths of the needy
• If we could save ¼ of the food currently lost
or wasted globally, it would be enough to
feed the 870 million hungry across the globe
today
Source: FAO Save Food 2013
www.responsecology.com
34. Significance: Wasted Nutrients
• All too often, high
quality calories (fruits,
vegetables, and meat
proteins) go to the
waste stream rather
than to individuals
www.responsecology.com
35. Significance: Obesity
• More than 1/3 of Americans are obese,
including 17% of children ages 2-19
• Source: www.cdc.gov 2013
• In the US, obesity rates have doubled in
children and tripled in adolescents in the last
30 years Source: www.cdc.gov 2013
• High quality calories currently being wasted
could offset the challenges of food deserts
www.responsecology.com
36. Environmental Impact
• Wasted Food = Wasted Water
• “Globally, the loss of water through food
wastage would easily meet the household
water needs of the 9 billion people expected
in 2050”
Source: FAO: Food Wastage Footprints, 2012
www.responsecology.com
37. Environmental Impact: Air
• Wasted Food = Air Pollution
• Food waste is a major component of landfills;
decomposing food pollutes the air and
contributes to global warming through
methane emissions
• Methane gas has more than 20 times the
global warming potential of carbon dioxide
Source: www.epa.gov, 2013
www.responsecology.com
38. Environmental Impact: Energy
• Wasted Food = Wasted Energy
• US food wastage represents 300 million
barrels of oil per year
• That’s 4% of our nation’s oil use
Source: FAO: Food Wastage Footprints, 2012
• And we use even more energy when we haul
it away to landfills
www.responsecology.com
39. Environmental Impact: Resources
• Wasted Food = Wasted Resources
• Waste of all of the Agricultural inputs that
went into producing the wasted food –
including fertilizer and pesticides – which also
contribute to water pollution via runoff
www.responsecology.com
40. Environmental Impact: Soils
• Wasted Food = Depleted soils
• The production of meat and dairy products
wasted annually in the US and UK require 8.3
million hectares (about 2/3 the size of NY)
Source: FAO: Food Wastage Footprints, 2012.
• The press for land disrupts climate and
hydrological cycles, and threatens to reduce
the productivity of land by 25% this century
Source: Stuart, 2009.
www.responsecology.com
42. The Impact of Dysfunction
• We’re producing more than we need in
developed countries
• At every stage we are devoting finite resources
to produce food that we eventually discard
• In the final stages we inflict even more harm on
the environment by disposing of food that we
did not use (methane emissions, groundwater)
• We fail to divert over a billion tons of excess
food to eliminate hunger annually
www.responsecology.com
44. Typical Findings in Retail Sector
• Bad enough
www.responsecology.com
• Far Worse
45. A Problem of Global Security
• How secure is a world where billions are
hungry, and live in communities with others
who have more than they need?
• Where hunger and obesity coexist?
(Dr. Mehmood Khan, PepsiCo)
• And it’s not just a problem for the developing
world
www.responsecology.com
46. And a Moral Problem
• There is a moral issue here as well
• All individuals have a basic right to food and
adequate nutrition
• Yet we discard immense quantities of food,
enough to totally eliminate hunger
Source: www.ampleharvest.org, 2013)
• On moral grounds alone, reducing food waste
should be a global priority
www.responsecology.com
47. Sum: The Disconnect with Food Waste
We waste roughly 30-50% of food produced,
yet:
• Roughly 1 in 8 across the globe are hungry
• We need to feed another 2 billion by 2050
• Resources are limited/environment is
challenged
• We need to find sustainable ways to close the
calorie gap anticipated by 2050
www.responsecology.com
48. And What About Water?
• How do we think about water in our affluent
society?
• A Strong Parallel to Food
• Low (or no) cost
• Culture of Abundance
• High Amount of Waste
• Lack of Investment in
Infrastructure
www.responsecology.com
49. How Much Do We Value Water?
• “If the human body is 60 percent water, why
am I only two percent interested?”
Stephen Colbert, from Unquenchable (Glennon, 2009)
www.responsecology.com
50. The Link to Water Security
• Food security depends upon water security
• Without adequate, safe water supplies, we
will not be able to feed the world population
www.responsecology.com
51. Why We Should Care
• Water = the “common thread that links all
aspects of human development.”
• Water security: necessary for all social and
economic sectors, and for supporting the
world’s natural resource base
Source: Rio+20 Policy Brief; Water security for a planet under pressure
www.responsecology.com
52. Why We Should Care
• Population grew fourfold in the 20th century,
while demand for water grew by a factor of
nine….
• Global freshwater demand expected to
exceed current supply by over 40% by 2030….
Source: http://www.weforum.org/content/global-agenda-council-water-security-2012-2014
Note – that’s just over 15 years away….!
www.responsecology.com
53. Why We Should Care
• Increasing pressure on global water supplies due
to population growth, growing economies, and
poor water management
• “We simply cannot continue to use water as
wastefully as we have in the past; we have to
change the way we manage our water
resources.”
Source: Rio+20 Policy Brief; Water security for a planet under pressure
www.responsecology.com
54. Water Scarcity – Troubling Signs
• It’s Real…And it’s Spectacularly Troubling…
Domestically:
• Serious drought in the US West
• Declining aquifers in the Midwest
• Decaying Infrastructure
• Threats to drinking water supplies, tourism
and business, power generation, food
production
www.responsecology.com
55. Key Water Issues To Consider
Source: Bloomberg BusinessWeek, Jan.
20, 2014.
Pollution:
• Dangerous chemical
leaks shut off local
water supplies
• Strong short-term
impact
• Long-term change?
56. Water - A Common(s) Problem
• Tragedy of the Commons theme (Hardin)
• Overuse and abuse of water resources by
individuals and organizations depletes the
resource for all
• Externalities
• No incentives
to conserve
www.responsecology.com
57. A Parallel to the Oceans
• “If nothing is done,
Kiribati will go down
into the ocean. By
about 2030, we start
disappearing.”
Source: Bloomberg BusinessWeek, Nov. 21,
2013
• Impact of climate
change is a factor for
freshwater, too!
www.responsecology.com
58. Potential for Crisis
Globally:
• World Economic Forum ranked Water Crises as third
risk of highest concern in 2014
• Themes – floods, drought, potential for conflict over
supply, increased demand as income levels rise,
pollution, links to food and energy production
• Need for investments in information, institutions,
and infrastructure
• And need for behavior change…
Source: Global Risks 2014 report, WEF
www.responsecology.com
59. Potential for Crisis
US Intelligence Community Assessment:
• In next 10 years, water problems will contribute to
instability in states important to US national
security
• Beyond 10 years, water in shared basins will be
increasingly used as leverage, and the use of water
as a weapon or terrorist target becomes more likely
• Water problems combined with other social and
economic problems can lead to state failure
Source: Intelligence Community Assessment, 2013.
www.responsecology.com
60. A Question of Value
• How often do we think about water?
• We expect permanent high-quality supply for
little or no cost…(“turn on the tap” mindset)
• “Water – by far the most valuable resource
on this planet – is treated as if it did not have
any value at all.”
Source: Peter-Brabeck-Letmathe, McKinsey Quarterly, December 2009
www.responsecology.com
62. Key Water Issues To Consider
• Supply is finite
• Aquifers are declining
• Growing population
• More affluent population
• Climate Change
• Link to Agriculture
• Link to Energy
• Infrastructure
www.responsecology.com
63. Key Water Issues To Consider
• The Critical Link: Water & Agriculture
• Feeding 9 billion by 2050…
• Not without adequate water!
• “Unless we increase our capacity to use water
wisely in agriculture, we will fail to end hunger
and we will open the door to a range of other
ills, including drought, famine, and political
instability.”
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, FAO, 2012
www.responsecology.com
64. Key Water Issues To Consider
• Significant need for
Infrastructure
upgrades and
investment:
• “We lose 7 billion
gallons of water a day
through pipe leaks”
Jeff Sterba, CEO, American Water
Source: Bloomberg BusinessWeek, March
2013.
www.responsecology.com
65. Food & Water: Acting More Sustainably
Need for Sustainable Intensification:
• Only one earth; and a finite set of natural
resources
• To meet future global needs, must produce
more with existing resources and not
degrade the long-term productivity of the
environment
Source: Faures and White, 2011
www.responsecology.com
66. Mindset Change
We need global mindset change for sustainable
behavior:
• Social impact
• Environmental impact
• Resource Efficiency
(i.e. people, planet, profit)
www.responsecology.com
68. From Awareness to Responsible Action
• Business: Awareness of
the value of water
• Need to link that
awareness to core
business operations
• Promote responsible
water use
• The same holds for food
• Embrace sustainability as
competitive advantage
www.responsecology.com
69. Integrated Water Resources Mgmt.
IWRM:
“A process that promotes the coordinated development
and management of water, land and related resources
in order to maximize economic and social welfare
without compromising the sustainability of ecosystems
and the environment.”
• Sustainable Approach
• Challenge – Requires Change, Individual/Political Will
Source: Rio+20 Policy Brief, Water security for a planet under pressure
www.responsecology.com
70. Integrated Water Resources Mgmt.
A Clear Need for Responsible Water Management:
Photos courtesy of Taylor Hawes, The Nature Conservancy (TNC)
www.responsecology.com
71. A More Sustainable Approach
• Cycle for living systems:
- Produce, recycle, regenerate
• Cycle for industrial age systems:
- “Take, make, waste”
• Challenge: shift thinking to emulate natural systems
• Circular versus linear
• Reduced Waste
• Less environmental impact
Source: Senge & Carstedt, 2001
www.responsecology.com
72. A More Sustainable Approach
United By Blue: http://unitedbyblue.com/
• Linking clean-up of waterways to core business –
removes one pound of trash from the world’s
oceans and waterways for every product sold
Photos courtesy of Brian Linton, United By Blue
www.responsecology.com
73. Partnerships with Sustainability Focus
• Sainsbury’s partners
with Google to develop
an online tool that
offers recipes based on
the ingredients that a
customer has on hand
• Reduced food waste;
cost savings
Source: www.businessgreen.com, 2014.
www.responsecology.com
74. Need: A Long Term Sustainable Focus
• “At present we are stealing the future, selling
it in the present, and calling it gross domestic
product. We can just as easily have an
economy that is based on healing the future
instead of stealing it.”
Source: Hawken, 2009.
www.responsecology.com
75. Overcoming Barriers to Change
Food waste and water security – some key obstacles:
• Insufficient Awareness
• Culture of Abundance
• Waste is Too Easy
• Excessive Short-Term Focus
• Excessive Concern Over Risk
(Fear of Liability, Loss of Reputation)
• Lack of Infrastructure (local and global)
• Lack of Leadership – excessive focus on status quo
• Lack of Recognition of the Opportunity
(not thinking big enough)
www.responsecology.com
76. The Need for Awareness & Action
• Increased awareness of the scale of the
global food waste problem is needed among
consumers, business, and government
leaders
• Tangible action is needed by them to reduce
food waste as part of a broad, durable,
collaborative global resource optimization
strategy to prepare the world for 9 billion
people by 2050
www.responsecology.com
77. Action: Recovering Food, Reducing Waste
Focus:
• Feeding People
• Feeding Animals
• Saving the Environment
• Optimizing Resource Use
And:
• Meaning – helping others
• Higher Purpose – Social Mission
www.responsecology.com
78. What Does Food Recovery Require?
• Commitment
• Communication
• Organization
• Reliability
• Logistics
• Partnerships
• Flexibility
• Resources (money, infrastructure, people)
• Creativity – new ideas; outside the box thinking
www.responsecology.com
79. Who Can We Learn From?
• A broad range of individuals, food banks, and
food recovery agencies
• Small to large; meaningful lessons from all
• Most have a unique niche/mission
• Niche often stems from background story, or
surroundings
• Common:
Sense of Mission!
www.responsecology.com
80. Local Partnerships with Farmers
• Solly Farms – apples, &
more
• Rook Farms – sweet corn
• Durable and expanding
• 85,000 lbs.+ in two years
www.responsecology.com
81. Partnership with Agricultural College
• 3-Way Partnership – Delaware Valley College,
Philabundance, and BCOC
• Match needs and strengths of partners
• Fresh produce supply
• Build social mission &
sustainability focus
into curriculum
• Student input
• Positive press
• Expanding
www.responsecology.com
82. Power of Individuals
Sarah Marie Hopf – Dartmouth student:
• Idea: use remaining meal card $ to help needy
• Created awareness; collected plate waste
• Partnered with students; proved concept
• Overcame obstacles
• Swipe for Hunger
• Creates $ for agencies to
buy food year-round
• Also inspires food drives
www.responsecology.com
83. Power of Individuals
Anna Chan http://thelemonlady.blogspot.com/
• The Lemon Lady – Northern California
• Faced food insecurity in youth
• Little access to fresh fruit
• Now harvests from residential trees in CA
• Leaves letters on doorsteps with her daughter
• Utilizes her own SUV – Urban Gleaning
• Has collected over 300 tons of fresh fruit for CA
pantries in 4 years; all volunteer effort
www.responsecology.com
84. Power of Small
Willing Hands: Upper Valley (NH and VT)
• One truck – continuous pickup and delivery
• Operates 7 days/wk, serves 57 groups/wk
• Focus: lots of quality surplus food available
• Collects/distributes high nutrition food
• Highly efficient, shows value of staying local
• Established relationships with stores/farmers
• Benefit of small size: control, local impact
www.responsecology.com
85. Power of Mission
Society of Saint Andrew (SOSA):
• Faith-based; gleaning = core
• Capture excess quality produce
in fields and packing facilities
• Premise: we have all of the
the food resources we need
• Capture imperfect produce (free)
• Connect, Redirect truckloads
• Uses knowledge infrastructure
• 2012: captured 33 million lbs. of
produce, 100 million servings
www.responsecology.com
86. Power of Founding Vision
Ag Against Hunger – CA:
• Founded by grower
• History drives mission
• Only real function: to
prevent food waste
• Capture 14 million lbs/yr
• Abundant opportunities
• 1,000 volunteers
• 168 million lbs. to date!
• Timing and logistics critical
• Impact: CA and beyond
www.responsecology.com
87. Power of Creative Thinking
Doug Rauch – Daily Table
• Battling food deserts, and the
“paradox” of increased food
insecurity and obesity rates
• Creative model: capture
excess food from existing
stores; resell at very low prices
in new store in food desert
• Challenges: transportation,
product concerns, perfection idea
• Culture challenge: resentment
toward “rich man’s food”
Source: Rauch, 2011
Source: Russell and Abelson, 2013
www.responsecology.com
88. Power of Simplicity
Food Recovery Network:
• Founded by students, University of Maryland
• Concept: collect leftover food from dining halls
nightly; deliver to local shelters
• Dozens of chapters
• Growing, scalable
• 407K lbs. since 2011
• Original Estimate: 75%
of colleges do no recovery
Source: www.foodrecoverynetwork.org
www.responsecology.com
89. Power of Education
Organizational Dynamics at UPenn:
• Global Pennovation Class – focus on massive
global problems; such as food waste
• Awareness campaign
• Local and global reach
www.responsecology.com
90. Education - Global Pennovation class
• Local impact; on-campus Awareness campaign
• Recovery of excess food, redistribution and
messaging (local)
• Effective social media (global reach):
Video
Twitter
Facebook
Website/blog
www.responsecology.com
91. Linking Food Waste and Recovery
• It’s not just about production
• Key: We waste enough to feed the world
• Food waste harms the environment further
First ask the question: Why? Then:
• Collaborate and Partner to recover food
• Be reliable; innovate to overcome obstacles
• Redirect high quality calories to the needy
Impact: solve social and environmental problems
www.responsecology.com
92. Food Recovery: Some Key Lessons
• Farmers don’t like food waste either
• Individuals want to contribute positively
• Match needs and strengths of organizations
• Individuals are powerful change agents
• Small and local are efficient and powerful
• Relationship management drives success
• Vested teams get results and are durable
• Alternative recovery concepts are growing
• There are vast opportunities to recover high
quality food – we are scratching the surface
www.responsecology.com
93. Conclusions
• Our values are far
out of balance
• We have lost touch
with the value of
our food – and our
water – to the
detriment of people
and planet
www.responsecology.com
94. Conclusions
• The current state of waste, pollution, hunger,
and water scarcity is unsustainable
• In 2050, the world’s scarce resources will be
impacted by another two billion people, many
of whom will have increased purchasing power
putting a further strain on resources
• We cannot afford to waste 30-50% of our food,
nor can we afford the environmental impact of
that waste
www.responsecology.com
95. The Need to Reframe
• The effort to reduce global food waste is a
key component of the larger sustainability
effort to provide food to millions, improve
the environment, and create a more secure
world
• It is an essential journey in which we all need
to participate
• Need to view as an opportunity that cannot
be missed
www.responsecology.com
96. Reframe and Act On Opportunity
• Resource Optimization focus; systems view
• Increased attention on utilizing existing food rather
than simply producing more – there is much to capture!
• Raise awareness/educate
• Collaborate and create partnerships
• Promote legislation to ban food waste from landfills
• Replicate successful models (multiple levels)
• Push food recovery through the supply chain
• Promote creativity (donations, transportation, stores)
• Success will breed success and hybrid models
www.responsecology.com
97. Questions?
Contact Steven M. Finn at ResponsEcology
www.responsecology.com
215-208-5416
www.foodforthoughtfulaction.com
www.responsecology.com
98. References
• Ag Against Hunger, 2013 http://www.agagainsthunger.org/
• Barrett, “It’s Leaking Lawsuits, Too.” Bloomberg BusinessWeek. January 20,
2014.
• Bloom. American Wasteland. 2010.
• Dobbs, et al. Resource Revolution: Meeting the world’s energy, materials, food,
and water needs. 2011.
• EPA Food Recovery Hierarchy, 2013. http://www.epa.gov/smm/foodrecovery/
• FAO. Save Food. Global Initiative on Food Losses and Waste Reduction. 2013.
• FAO, “Success in hunger fight hinges on better use of water.” March 22, 2012.
• FAO. Sustainability Pathways. Food Wastage Footprints. 2012.
• FAO. The State of Food and Agriculture. 2013.
• FAO, WFP, and IFAD. The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2013.
• Faures and White, “The state of the world’s land and water resources: A
summary.” 2011.
www.responsecology.com
99. References
• Finn, Sustainable Food Recovery Programs, 2011
• “Fix This – 5 Experts debate the future of mankind’s most important commodity.”
Bloomberg BusinessWeek, March 25, 2013.
• Feeding America, www.feedingamerica.org
• Foley. Can We Feed The World & Sustain The Planet? 2011.
• Food Recovery Challenge, 2013 http://www.epa.gov/smm/foodrecovery/
• Food Recovery Network, 2013 http://www.foodrecoverynetwork.org/
• Fox. Global Food: Waste Not, Want Not. 2013.
• Glennon, Unquenchable. 2009.
• Global Pennovation class links:
o Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qinOoC5E07E
o Twitter: https://twitter.com/PennOrgDynamics
o Facebook:
https://www.facebook.com/UPennFoodWasteRevolution?ref=stream
o Website: http://pennfoodwasterevolution.wordpress.com/resources/
www.responsecology.com
100. References
• Goldberg, “The Drowning of Kiribati.” Bloomberg Businessweek. November 25,
2013.
• Gunders, How America Is Losing Up to 40 Percent of Its Food from Farm to Fork.
2012.
• Gustavvson et al. Global Food Losses and Food Waste – Extent, Causes, and
Prevention. 2011.
• Hawken, University of Portland Commencement Address. 2009.
• Intelligence Community Assessment. “Global Water Security.” February, 2012.
• Kantor, et al. Estimating and Addressing America’s Food Losses. 1997.
• Khan. What is Food Security? http://dsc.discovery.com/tv-
shows/curiosity/videos/curiosity-expert-mehmood-khan-videos.htm
• Lundqvist et al. Saving Water: From Field to Fork – Curbing Losses and Wastage in
the Food Chain. 2008.
• Rauch, Solving the American Food Paradox, 2011.
www.responsecology.com
101. References
• Rio+20 Policy Brief, “Water security for a planet under pressure.” UN Conference
on Sustainable Development. 2012
• Rischard, “New Global Agenda.” Progressive Politics. 2003.
• Russell & Abelson, Putting expired foods to healthy use, 2013.
• Sainsbury’s enlists Google to help tackle food waste challenge.”
http://www.businessgreen.com
• Senge, Carstedt, and Porter, “Innovating Our Way to the Next Industrial
Revolution.” MIT Sloan Management Review. Winter 2001.
• Society of Saint Andrew, 2013 http://endhunger.org/
• Stuart. Waste: Uncovering the Global Food Scandal. 2009.
• USDA. Food Waste: An Opportunity To Improve Resource Use. 1977.
• Water as a scarce resource: An interview with Nestle’s chairman.” McKinsey
Quarterly. Winter 2009.
• “World Economic Forum, Global Agenda Council on Water Security 2012-2104
(http://www.weforum.org/).
www.responsecology.com
102. References
• World Economic Forum, Global Risks 2014, 9th Edition.
• WRAP. The Food We Waste. 2008.
• www.ampleharvest.org. 2013.
• www.cdc.gov. 2013.
• www.endhunger.org. 2013.
• www.epa.gov. 2013.
• www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gases.html
• www.feedingamerica.org. 2013.
• Yunus. The End of Poverty. 2010.
www.responsecology.com