The document summarizes different types of conveying systems used in construction including stairs, ladders, elevators, escalators and moving walks. It describes the purpose and function of each system, and provides details on common stair types like straight, quarter-turn, half-turn, winding, circular and spiral stairs. Ladders are used primarily for industrial, utility and service areas while elevators, escalators and moving walks transport people between floors more efficiently.

1. SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION Conveying Systems Stairs Ladders Elevators Escalators Moving Walks Fireplaces and Wood Stoves Masonry Assemblies Prefabricated Assemblies Kitchens and Bathrooms Function of Each Components of Each

2. Conveying Systems This is a system designed to carry people, freight and equipment along a vertical (and horizontal) circulation path through a given structure. These systems are used for the internal organization of the spaces and circulation theme of the building.

3. Stairs Means of moving from one level to another Stairways take up a considerable amount of space Wood, steel or concrete construction Placement of stairs need to be proportioned to accommodate body movement

4. Stairs

5. Stairs

6. Stairs

7. Stairs

8. Stair Types (Runs) STRAIGHT RUN Stair extends from one level to another without turns or winds Requires space that is long, but narrow

9. Stair Types (Runs) QUARTER-TURN Stair takes a 90 º turn or L-shaped turn in path of travel Requires more or a square or rectangular area for construction

10. Stair Types (Runs) HALF-TURN Stair takes a half turn (180 º) in path of travel Stair is more compact then others

11. Stair Types (Runs) WINDING STAIR Stair is constructed with winding treads at the quarter-turn or L-shape

12. Stair Types (Runs) CIRCULAR STAIR Stair that has a circular plan configuration Constructed with winders Turns about a central axis, but treads are not connected to any core

13. Stair Types (Runs) SPIRAL STAIR Stair consists of wedge-shaped treads winding around and supported by a central post Occupies the minimum amount of space required Used where a traditional stair can’t be used

14. Ladders Used primarily in industrial construction, utility and service areas

15. Ladders Used primarily in industrial construction, utility and service areas

16. Elevators Motorized vertical carriage that moves people, equipment and freight from one floor to another Types Cable (electric) Hydraulic

17. Escalators Motorized moving stair that carries people more efficiently through limited number of levels Steps are attached to continuously circulating belt Steps are constantly moving a particular speed

18. Escalators

19. Moving Walks Motorized walk that carries people horizontally or along a low incline Similar to conveyor belt Continuously moving at a particular speed

27. NEXT CLASS Finishes Read Chapters 19 & 20