An arterial blood gas (ABG) test measures the acidity (PH) and levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood from an artery.
This test used to check how well your lungs are able to move oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide from the blood
this slide focuses on all the acid base disorder pertaining to the respiratory system. it focus on the compensatory mechanism, causes, clinical features and treatment.
THIS PRESENTATION WILL COVER THE FOLLOWING AREAS
Definitions
Buffer systems
Regulatory systems
Anion Gap and Osmolar gap
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
A "bundle" is a
group of evidence-based care components
for a given disease that, when executed together, may result in better outcomes than if implemented individually.
i have prepared this ppt. from various Books as a refrences as well as uses of web pages and explain and modify in simplify language which are easily understand by medical or para medical personnel..thank you..
An arterial blood gas (ABG) test measures the acidity (PH) and levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood from an artery.
This test used to check how well your lungs are able to move oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide from the blood
this slide focuses on all the acid base disorder pertaining to the respiratory system. it focus on the compensatory mechanism, causes, clinical features and treatment.
THIS PRESENTATION WILL COVER THE FOLLOWING AREAS
Definitions
Buffer systems
Regulatory systems
Anion Gap and Osmolar gap
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
A "bundle" is a
group of evidence-based care components
for a given disease that, when executed together, may result in better outcomes than if implemented individually.
i have prepared this ppt. from various Books as a refrences as well as uses of web pages and explain and modify in simplify language which are easily understand by medical or para medical personnel..thank you..
This presentation discuss about acid-base-gas normal ratio and its indication in relation to varying abnormal level and how to manage it. This includes clinical analysis practice.
Arterial blood gas test Diagnostic testjagan _jaggi
Arterial blood gas test
Diagnostic test
Description , An arterial-blood gas test measures the amounts of arterial gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide. An ABG test requires that a small volume of blood be drawn from the radial artery with a syringe and a thin needle, but sometimes the femoral artery in the groin or another site is used.
The normal ranges for arterial blood gas values
Approach to arterial blood gas interpretation
Arterial blood gas abnormalities in special circumstances
PH definition and determinants , how to regulate the Acid/base in our body ,ABG's normal values in atrery and vein , how to obtain an arterial blood sample, the interpretation of ABG's , steps to analuse Acid-base, respiratory acidosis and alkalosis and its causes also about metablic acidosis and alkalosis and the causes and some case studies .
An arterial blood gas (ABG) test is a blood test that requires a sample from an artery in your body to measure the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your blood. The test also checks the balance of acids and bases, known as the pH balance, in your blood.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
3. INTRODUCTION
• A blood gas test measures the amount of oxygen and carbon
dioxide in the blood. It may also be used to determine the pH of
the blood
• Analysis of arterial blood gases (ABG) is useful for patients
with suspected respiratory or metabolic diseases.
4. DEFINITION
Arterial blood gas (ABG): The sampling of the blood levels of
oxygen and carbon dioxide within the arteries, as opposed to
the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in venous blood.
Typically the acidity, or pH, of the blood is measured
simultaneously with the gas levels in ABG
5. ARTERIAL BLOOD GAS
(ABG)
• An Arterial Blood gas test measures the acidity (pH) and
the level of oxygen and carbon-di-oxide in the blood from
the artery.
• This is used to check how well the lungs are able to move
oxygen into the blood and remove carbon-di-oxide from the
blood.
7. COMMON TERMS
• PCO2 (ventilation): partial carbon di oxide
• PaO2 (Oxygenation): partial Oxygen
• HCO3 (metabolism): Bicarbonate
• O2 sat : Oxygen saturation
• pH : Acid-base balance
• BE : Base excess
8. Indications
Respiratory failure
Cardiac failure.
Liver failure.
Renal failure.
Hyperglycaemic.
Multiorgan failure.
Sepsis.
Burns.
Poisons/toxins.
Ventilated patients.
Sleep studies.
Severely unwell patients from any cause affects prognosis.
9.
10. NORMAL ABG
PARAMETER NORMAL VALUE
pH 7.35-7.45
PaCO2 35-45 mg/dl
PO2 70-100 mg/dl
SaO2 ≥ 93%
HCO3 22-26 mEq/l
BE -2 to +2 mEq/l
11. TARGET BLOOD GAS
IN NEONATE
Paramet
ers
< 28
weeks
gestation
28-40
weeks
gestation
Term
with
PPHN
Infant
with BPD
pH ≥7.25 ≥7.25 7.30-7.50 7.35-7.45
Paco2 45-55 45-55 30-40 55-65
Pao2 45-65 50-70 80-120 50-80
12. 6 STEPS TO ABG ANALYSIS
Is the pH normal?
Is the co2 normal?
Is the HCO3 normal?
Match the co2 or HCO3 with the pH
Does the co2 or HCO3 go the opposite
direction?
Are the pO2 and O2 sat. normal?
13. WHAT MAY GO WRONG IN
ABG
HYPOXIA:
↓ PaO2
↓ O2 saturation
Causes:
RDS, pneumonia,
cyanotic heart disease,
CHF, abnormal hemoglobin
18. COMPLICATIONS
• Hematoma
• Thrombosis and embolism
• Infection
• Inaccurate blood gas result
Excessive heparin may result in a false pH and
paco2
Air bubbles may falsely elevate the pao2 and
falsely lower the paco2
21. Quick quiz - 1
• A 17-year-old patient presents to A&E complaining of a tight
feeling in their chest, shortness of breath, some tingling in their
fingers and around their mouth. An ABG is performed on the
patient whilst they’re breathing room air and the results are
shown below…
pH= 7.8, Pco2= 34mg/dl, po2=70mg/dl, HCO3 = 29 mEq/l
• Interprete above blood gas
a. Metabolic acidosis
b. Respiratory acidosis
c. Metabolic alkalosis
d. Respiratory alkalosis
22. Quick quiz - 2
• A 6 days term baby admitted in NICU with
severe respiratory distress syndrome.
• ABG report: pH= 7.20, Paco2= 25mg/dl,
pao2=70mg/dl, HCO3 = 20 mEq/l.
Interprete above blood gas.
a. Metabolic acidosis
b. Respiratory acidosis
c. Partially compensated metabolic acidosis
d. Partially compensated respiratory acidosis