This document summarizes the anatomy of the abdominal wall. It describes the layers that make up the abdominal wall from outer to inner, including the skin, superficial fascia, anterolateral muscles (external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis), rectus abdominis, pyramidalis, rectus sheath, posterior abdominal muscles, extraperitoneal fascia, and peritoneum. Key abdominal wall muscles are the external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis which are flat muscles, and the rectus abdominis which is a vertical muscle located in the center. The peritoneum lining covers and protects the internal organs in the abdominal cavity.

1. Anatomy of
abdominal wall
PRESENTED BY
VENTATA SAI TEJA
KOPPUKONDA(2102507)

2. ABDOMINAL WALL :
Abdominal wall represents the
boundaries of the abdominal cavity.
It is providing flexible coverage and
protecting the internal organs from
damage. It is bounded superiorly
by the xiphoid process and costal
margins, posteriorly by the
vertebral column and inferiorly by
the pelvic bones and inguinal
ligament. The abdominal wall can
be divided into two sections :
anterolateral and posterior
abdominal walls.

3. •Topographical divisions of the abdomen are used to describe the location of abdominal organs and the pain
Pelvic cavity.
•The two schemes most often used are:
• a four-quadrant pattern and
• a nine-region pattern.

5. SKIN :
Skin is the outermost layer of abdominal wall. It protect us from microbes and the elements,
helps regulate body temperature . In the layers of abdominal wall there are large numbers of nerves that
goes between skin and muscles of the abdomen.
Superficial fascia :
The superficial fascia of the abdominal wall
(subcutaneous tissue of abdomen) is a layer of fatty
connective tissue.
This forms the thin, single layer above the umbilicus.
Below the umbilicus, it is divided into two layers
1) The fatty superficial layer called camper’s fascia
2) The deep layer called Scarpa’s fascia.

6. Anterolateral muscles :
•Anterolateral muscles There are five muscles in
the anterolateral group of abdominal wall
muscles:
• three flat muscles
-the external oblique,
-internal oblique,
-transversus abdominis muscles.
• two vertical muscles,
-the rectus abdominis
-pyramidalis muscles

7. •The most superficial of the three flat muscles in the
anterolateral group of abdominal wall muscles is the external
oblique, which is immediately deep to the superficial fascia.
•Its laterally placed muscle fibers pass in an
inferomedial direction, while its large aponeurotic
component covers the anterior part of the abdominal wall to
the midline.
•Associated ligaments :
- Inguinal ligament.
- Lacunar ligament.
- Pectineal (cooper’s) ligament,
•Second of three flat muscles.
•Smaller and thinner
•Superomedial direction.
•At anterior ends forms aponeurosis that
blends into linea alba
External oblique :
Internal oblique:

8. Transversus abdominis :
•Deep to internal oblique muscle.
•Named so because of direction of most of
its muscles.
•Ends in an anterior aponeurosis blends
with linea alba.
Transversalis fascia:
Covers all these flat muscles
anterior and posterior
surface of deep fascia.

9. RECTUS ABDOMINIS
• IT IS A LONG, FLAT MUSCLE, ANTERIOR
ABDOMINAL WALL.
• IT PAIRED MUSCLE SEPARATED BY LINEA ALBA IN
MIDLINE AND IT ASCENDS FROM PUBIC SYMPHYSIS
WIDER AND THINNER.
• IT IS INTERSECTED BY 3 OR 4 TRANSVERS
FIBROUS BANDS OR TENDIOUS INTERSECTION.

10. Pyramidalis :
•Second vertical muscle. Small triangular
in shape.
•It may or may not be present.
•It is anterior to rectus abdominis and has
its base on pubic and its apex is attached
superior and medially to linea alba.
Rectus sheath
•The rectus abdominis and pyramidalis is covered
by aponeurotic tendinous sheath (Rectus sheath).
•It is formed by aponeuroses of external, internal oblique
and transversus abdominis muscle.
•It covers the upper three quadrants of
rectus abdominis and lower one quadrant of anterior
surface.

11. POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL MUSCLES :
Psoas major muscle
Iliacus muscle
Quadratus lumborum muscle
Psoas minor muscle

12. EXTRAPERITONEAL
FASCIA
• DEEP TO TRANSVERSALIS FASCIA IS LAYER OF
CONNECTIVE TISSUE CALLED EXTRAPERITONEAL
FASCIA.
• IT SEPARATES THE EXTRAPERITONEAL FASCIA FROM
PERITONEUM.
• IT LINES BOTH THE ABDOMINAL AND THE PELVIC
CAVITY.

13. PERITONEUM
• DEEP TO EXTRAPERITONEAL
FASCIA IS A PERITONEUM.
• IT IS THIN SEROUS MEMBRANE
LINING THE WALL OF ABDOMINAL
CAVITY.
• PERITONEUM THAT LINING THE
WALLS IS CALLED PARIETAL
PERITONEUM.
• PERITONEUM LINING THE
VISCERA IS CALLED VISCERAL
PERITONEUM.

14. Thank
you