The Abbasid rule declined due to poor leadership, revolts, and invasions over centuries. The Fatimids revolted and established their own caliphate in North Africa. The Seljuk Turks captured Baghdad in 1055 and allowed the Abbasid caliph to remain as a religious leader only. In 1258, the Mongols led by Genghis Khan sacked Baghdad, killing over 200,000 people and murdering the Abbasid caliph, bringing an end to the Abbasid Empire.
Caliphate is a glorious past of Muslims, all over the world. Muslim community always needs a rightly guided caliphate. So it's my simple work to remember Our glorious History of caliphate and how we lose that.
This is a PowerPoint presentation on the topic The Umayyad Dynasty. In this ppt I have written all basic information about Umayyad Dynasty and I hope so that you all will like this presentation and my all those efforts that I put to make it.
Thankyou so much!
Caliphate basically means, a state of entire Muslim nation, which is recognized by the Islam. It doesn’t mean only for Muslim, but also non-Muslims can also have citizenship of the Caliphate. It is the symbol of spiritual, political, economical and military unity.
There was many other empire claimed to be the Caliphate, but this three empire was well recognized by the entire Muslim nation, though they didn’t control over entire Muslim nation all along.
Caliphate is a glorious past of Muslims, all over the world. Muslim community always needs a rightly guided caliphate. So it's my simple work to remember Our glorious History of caliphate and how we lose that.
This is a PowerPoint presentation on the topic The Umayyad Dynasty. In this ppt I have written all basic information about Umayyad Dynasty and I hope so that you all will like this presentation and my all those efforts that I put to make it.
Thankyou so much!
Caliphate basically means, a state of entire Muslim nation, which is recognized by the Islam. It doesn’t mean only for Muslim, but also non-Muslims can also have citizenship of the Caliphate. It is the symbol of spiritual, political, economical and military unity.
There was many other empire claimed to be the Caliphate, but this three empire was well recognized by the entire Muslim nation, though they didn’t control over entire Muslim nation all along.
Abbasid caliphate and the golden age of IslamThe Gol.docxSALU18
Abbasid caliphate and the golden age of Islam
The Golden Age
Abbasid Caliphate 750-1258 AD overthrew the Umayyads
Under Abbasid leadership, the Islamic world flourished, leading to a Golden Age
A centralized government dominated by a theocratic outlook helped create a sense of unity and purpose for the new caliphate
The unity of the empire allowed for the flourishing of the arts
The Golden Age
Byzantine and Sasanian knowledge was spread throughout the vast empire and impacted many European kingdoms
Persian becomes the language of the court
Stressed conversion and turned against the Shi’a and other allies to support a less tolerant Sunni Islam.
Large bureaucracy worked under the vizir, or chief administrator.
The Golden Age
The Muslim conquerors inherited a rich and diverse world from Byzantium and the Persians
At first, the new Arab rulers let the political and governmental structures in place—they just ruled over them
One of the first measures they took was to develop schools
The primary function of this was to teach and organize the practices of Islam
The Quran served as the primary text to teach people how to read
Sunna
Sunna is the oral tradition passed down of those early Muslims living in Medina
Despite the expansion and migration of Muslims across the Mediterranean, the Medinese community still provided the most important example
This is because they formed the Companions of Muhammad—those who observed the Prophet
Muslims looked at their lifestyle for guidance on how to practice Islam
These observations were known as sunna
Hadith
Out of the Islamic schools came the hadiths
Hadiths are important collections of sayings or teachings that are attributing to Muhammad
These are linked through an isnad, which is a chain of people that links the saying back to someone who heard the prophet say it or do it.
Major schools of Islamic thought developed around the study and practice of hadiths
In Sunni Islam there are four major schools, though others exist, Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi’I, and Hanbali
Sharia
The study of the Quran and sunna, the Islamic legislation, led to the creation Sharia
Sharia means path or way
It is a system of laws based upon the study of the Quran and hadith
Sharia’s main function is to instruct the believer on how to live properly and worship Allah
These new laws and regulations also led to new spiritual and ascetic practices in Islam
Here the influence of Christian, Hindi, and Zoroastrian monks are seen upon Islam such as celibacy
Possible Evolution of the Lesser Jihad
As the boundaries of the caliphate stopped growing (Battle of Tours 732 and failed sieges of Constantinople 717), new perspectives on jihad emerged
With the rise of Sufism, Islamic mystics, jihad began to take on notions of spiritual warfare
By the ninth century, two hundred years after Muhammad, ideas that jihad was an internal war against passions emerged in the writings al-Dunya and al-Muhasibi
These writings on th.
Pembahasan mendasar tentang agama Islam. Apa saja yang melandasi agama Islam mulai dari dogma, para rasul, hingga sejarah kelahiran dan proses penyebarannya ke penjuru dunia.
For my Pre-AP students. Please read the information in this PowerPoint. The Ottoman and Mughals are on the test. The Safavids ARE NOT on the test, but ARE included in the DBQ for Friday.
1. Do Now:
Take a piece of paper from the counter
Complete the following:
Describe the role of Muslim leaders in the
expansion of the Muslim empire after
Muhammad’s death
(Think: Rightly Guided Caliphs and Umayyads)
2. Objectives
Describe the role of Muslim leaders in
the expansion of the Muslim empire
after Muhammad’s death
What were the Islamic influences and
achievements developed during
Muslim Empire’s “Golden Age”?
3. What happened after the Ambush?
Abbasid Caliphate
After the collapse
of Umayyad
control, the Muslim
Empire was split
into eastern and
western territories
ain)
im Sp
us (Musl
al- Andal
4. Who were the Abbasids?
The Abbasids were Arabs who descended from
Muhammad’s family
Settled in an area that was once part of the
Persian Empire.
As a result they adopted Persian customs and
hired Persian officials to run the government
They lived lives of luxury- in the example of old
Persian kings
Valued learning and educational pursuits
Began after the overthrow of the Umayyad
caliphs in 750 CE
5. Capital moved to Baghdad, which
became an important cultural center of
Abbasid Power the Muslim Empire
Due to poor leadership the Abbasid
Empire fell in the early 800’s
The Abbasids held onto power in two
ways:
By Using a Policy of Inclusion
All Muslims whether Arab or non-
Arab were equal
By Using Force:
The Abbasids used a standing
army stationed at points
throughout the empire during
times of peace and war
6. A New Capital: Baghdad
The Abbasids moved
the capital of the
Muslim Empire from
Damascus to
Baghdad in 762 C.E.
The reason: to be
closer to the people
who supported the
Abbasids and gave
them power
7. A New Capital
In 762, the Abbasid caliphs declared Baghdad as the
new capital of the Muslim empire
Baghdad became the center of trade, culture, and
education in the Muslim world
Located on the banks of the Tigris River and connected to the
Euphrates River by a canal
1.5 million people lived there, measured 5 miles across, had
hundreds of mosques, and over 65,000 public bath houses
Complex irrigation systems to support farming throughout the
city
Gardens, racetracks, and pavilions
Baghdad became the center of world trade
The Islamic world became a mixture of cultures: Arab, Persian,
and various others from around the world
9. Abbasid Advances
The Abbasid empire
was responsible for
advances in:
Medicine
Mathematics
Literature and poetry
Art
Publishing
10. House of Wisdom
IN the 830’s the
Abbasids opened
“House of Wisdom” in
Baghdad to meet the
demand for
knowledge
Housed books on
subjects from all over
the world
Translated works from
the Greek
philosophers Plato and
Aristotle
Served as a center for
12. Mathematics and Science
Muslim Scholars built
upon the ideas of ancient
Greeks, Egyptians, and
Indians(from India)
Al-Khwarizmi (born780)
borrowed the numerical
system from Indian
Scholars= Arabic
numbering system which
we still use today
He also published a set of
calculations which
resulted in Addition
13. Mathematics and Science
al-Razi wrote about
diseases such as
small pox and
measles. He also
published a series of
medical
encyclopedias, which
included drawings of
human anatomy
14. Hospitals
Hospitals were set up
throughout the empire
Treated poor people who
couldn’t pay
The Hospital in Baghdad
was a teaching hospital
By 931 Doctors had to
pass examinations in
order to practice
17. Poor Leadership
The decline of the Abbasid empire was the result
of economic, social, and political problems of
their own making
As early as the 800’s the Abbasid rule was
challenged by factions
Some Abbasid caliphs were found of living a life
of luxury and neglecting their responsibilities
(sounds familiar)
They did little to protect merchants from attacks,
which hurt trade (a major source of income for
the caliphs), so they raised taxes to make up for
the loss of income
18. Fatimid Revolt
A group which claimed to be related to
Muhammad’s daughter Fatima
Challenged the Abbasid rule because they
disliked the extravagant lifestyle of the Abbasid
caliphs
They drove the Abbasids out of the land which is
Egypt and Tunisia today
Set up their own caliphate in Northern Africa
By the 960’s they ruled most of Northern Africa
19. The Seljuk Turks
1055 the Seljuk Turks from Central Asia
captured Baghdad
The Seljuk leader became ruler of the empire
and allowed the Abbasid caliph to remain a
religious leader
Over time the Seljuks converted to Islam,
expanded the size of their empire, and by 1071
captured Jerusalem
By the late 1090’s threatened the Byzantine
capital Constantinople, which resulted in a
military response by the Christians (Crusades)
20. Mongols Capture Baghdad
In 1258 the Mongols, lead by
Ghangis Khan, overran
Baghdad destroying the city
The Mongols murdered over
200,000 people
The claimed that they would
end corruption in the city
They allowed the remaining
population of the empire to
keep their religion and
eventually the Mongols
converted to Islam
The Abbasid caliph was
murdered and with his death
came the end of the Abbasid
Empire