Abstract—Sexual health (SH) and sexual behavior of young people have become a growing public concern. But few studies have been conducted to investigate the prevalence and psychosocial correlates of this phenomenon.
Purpose: To understand college students’ sexual knowledge (SK), sexual attitudes (SA), sexual desire (SD) and sexual behavior (SB).
Methods: A self-reported questionnaire survey on SK, SA, SD, and SB was conducted among 520 university students. Their demographic data, SK, SA, SD, and SB were assessed.
Results: A total of 500 students completed the questionnaire. The SKS total score had a mean of 23.05; 105 (21.0%) subjects had had premarital sex; 121 (24.2%) had a partner; 117 (23.4%) had a medical educational background. The results demonstrated an increased risk of premarital sex amongst males and subjects with the risk factors of smoking, drinking, having a partner, and having higher levels of SD and SK and more open SA.
Conclusions: This study provides support for the idea that university students lack SK (especially regarding contraception knowledge), even though the students had a medical educational background. Additionally, a considerable amount of them engaged in premarital SB. Our findings also suggest that university students need sex education, particularly in combining sexuality with their life, in relating to others maturely as a sexual individual, in employing contraception, and in preventing sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Our study suggests that interventions aimed at expanding university students’ SK and other related skills are required.
Factors that affect the Quality of Life of Patients with Behcet's DiseaseMinistry of Health
Objective: To assess the quality of life in patients with Behçet's disease, and to address the factors impact the domains of Quality of Life.
Methods: We surveyed101 patients with Behcet's disease no less than 3 months before the study. Data were collected using Short Form 36 Quality of life Scale. Results: The quality of life scores in patients with Behçet's disease were low and were adversely influenced by socio-demographic characteristics such as gender, age, work status and education status. Furthermore, disease manifestations such as oral and genital ulcerations, arthritis, and skin lesions affected the quality of life scores. Moreover, patients who experienced pain, poor sleep and fatigue lower the quality of life scale and patients whose social relations were influenced by the disease had significantly lower the quality of life scores. Conclusion: Patients with Behcet's disease reported a low level of quality of life.
Keywords: Behcet's disease, Factors affecting, Quality of life, Jordan.
Alcohol and substance use vis a vis hiv sexual risk behavioursAlexander Decker
1) The study evaluated perceptions of freshman students at a Kenyan university regarding HIV/AIDS, sexual behaviors, and drug use. It found high HIV/AIDS knowledge but behaviors did not always reflect this.
2) Over half of participants had been sexually active and nearly half did not consistently use condoms. Alcohol consumption was associated with increased risky sexual behaviors like unprotected sex.
3) While knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention was high, testing rates remained low and risk perception seemed unrealistic. There is a need for interventions to change attitudes and increase safer practices.
Public awareness of diabetes mellitus in klang district, selangorpharmaindexing
This document summarizes a study that evaluated public awareness of diabetes mellitus in the Klang district of Selangor, Malaysia. 400 participants aged 12 and older were surveyed about their knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to diabetes. The results showed that 71% knew diabetes is a condition of high blood sugar. Kidney disease, foot problems, and eye disease were identified as the top 3 complications. Age and ethnicity were found to impact knowledge levels, but gender and education did not. In conclusion, public awareness of diabetes was reasonably good but some areas like eye care need more attention through improved educational programs.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Unintentional Injuries Among Old People i...Scientific Review SR
Objective: To describe the KAP (knowledge, attitude and practice, KAP) and explore the influence factors for UIs (unintentional injuries, UIs) among the elderly (aged>﹦60 years) in urban districts of Zunyi, China. Methods: Using random cluster sampling method, a survey was conducted with questionnaires, to collect UIs and related KAP in the elderly and analyze its influencing factors. Results: The annual incidence of UIs (falls, burns, traffics, etc.) was 17.46% in some urban districts of Zunyi. Among them, 27.94% elderly regarded UI as a type of disease; the channels to acquire related knowledge through TV (79.05%), listening to others’ narration (56.83%), community publicity (26.03%), books or newspapers (22.86%) and internet (9.84%). While 76.51% of the elderly believed that UIs were preventable; 81.59% old people worried about UIs; 93.97% of the elderly chose to seek help when they suffered UIs; and 95.25% of elderly people followed traffic rules when crossing the road. In the case of gas use, 25.77% of the cases were checked and closed each time, 40% and 20% old people would check the time before taking the medicine, and purchasing food. Factors affecting the occurrence of UIs were age, heart disease (both P<0.05). Moreover, the living condition had an effect on “whether considering UIs as a kind of disease” (P=0.003). Conclusion: The KAP of UIs in the elderly is not optimistic, though most elderly people think the damage can be prevented; prevention on UIs related behavior needs to be enhanced. We should arouse the public to pay more attentions to keep elderly people far away UIs risk factors in this area.
Diabetic patients knowledge, attitude and practice toward oral healthAlexander Decker
This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of 612 diabetic patients in Abha City, Saudi Arabia regarding their oral health. The results showed that over half of patients were unaware of their increased risk of oral diseases as diabetics. Less than half knew that diabetes can cause dental caries and gingivitis. While patients' oral hygiene practices were generally good, their knowledge about the oral health risks of diabetes was deficient. The study highlights the need for better patient education on maintaining oral health and the link between diabetes and oral diseases.
Knowledge and practice on oral health among diabetic patients NAAR Journal
- The study assessed the knowledge and oral health practices of 120 diabetic patients in Bangladesh through interviews.
- It found that 65% of patients had good knowledge of oral health risks but only 7.5% had good oral health practices.
- Factors like education level, occupation, and income were associated with both better knowledge and practices.
Assessment of the level of awareness on AIDS/HIV in Johor, MalaysiaSriramNagarajan17
This document summarizes a study that assessed awareness of HIV/AIDS among 396 respondents in Johor, Malaysia. The study found that respondents had moderately high overall knowledge of HIV/AIDS, though some misconceptions remained. Most respondents knew that high-risk behaviors like needle sharing and unprotected sex can transmit HIV, but fewer were aware of risks from activities like tattooing or sharing personal items. While most knew there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, over half believed incorrectly that washing after sex prevents transmission. The study provides insight into awareness levels and information gaps regarding HIV/AIDS in Johor.
This study examined the prevalence and impact of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) among adults aged 40 and older in China. It found that LUTS affected the majority (60.3% of men and 57.7% of women) according to standard criteria. The most common combination of symptom groups was experiencing voiding, storage, and postmicturition symptoms. LUTS were associated with reduced quality of life and mental health. However, fewer than half of those with LUTS sought medical treatment. The results suggest a need for improved awareness and management of LUTS in China.
Factors that affect the Quality of Life of Patients with Behcet's DiseaseMinistry of Health
Objective: To assess the quality of life in patients with Behçet's disease, and to address the factors impact the domains of Quality of Life.
Methods: We surveyed101 patients with Behcet's disease no less than 3 months before the study. Data were collected using Short Form 36 Quality of life Scale. Results: The quality of life scores in patients with Behçet's disease were low and were adversely influenced by socio-demographic characteristics such as gender, age, work status and education status. Furthermore, disease manifestations such as oral and genital ulcerations, arthritis, and skin lesions affected the quality of life scores. Moreover, patients who experienced pain, poor sleep and fatigue lower the quality of life scale and patients whose social relations were influenced by the disease had significantly lower the quality of life scores. Conclusion: Patients with Behcet's disease reported a low level of quality of life.
Keywords: Behcet's disease, Factors affecting, Quality of life, Jordan.
Alcohol and substance use vis a vis hiv sexual risk behavioursAlexander Decker
1) The study evaluated perceptions of freshman students at a Kenyan university regarding HIV/AIDS, sexual behaviors, and drug use. It found high HIV/AIDS knowledge but behaviors did not always reflect this.
2) Over half of participants had been sexually active and nearly half did not consistently use condoms. Alcohol consumption was associated with increased risky sexual behaviors like unprotected sex.
3) While knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention was high, testing rates remained low and risk perception seemed unrealistic. There is a need for interventions to change attitudes and increase safer practices.
Public awareness of diabetes mellitus in klang district, selangorpharmaindexing
This document summarizes a study that evaluated public awareness of diabetes mellitus in the Klang district of Selangor, Malaysia. 400 participants aged 12 and older were surveyed about their knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to diabetes. The results showed that 71% knew diabetes is a condition of high blood sugar. Kidney disease, foot problems, and eye disease were identified as the top 3 complications. Age and ethnicity were found to impact knowledge levels, but gender and education did not. In conclusion, public awareness of diabetes was reasonably good but some areas like eye care need more attention through improved educational programs.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Unintentional Injuries Among Old People i...Scientific Review SR
Objective: To describe the KAP (knowledge, attitude and practice, KAP) and explore the influence factors for UIs (unintentional injuries, UIs) among the elderly (aged>﹦60 years) in urban districts of Zunyi, China. Methods: Using random cluster sampling method, a survey was conducted with questionnaires, to collect UIs and related KAP in the elderly and analyze its influencing factors. Results: The annual incidence of UIs (falls, burns, traffics, etc.) was 17.46% in some urban districts of Zunyi. Among them, 27.94% elderly regarded UI as a type of disease; the channels to acquire related knowledge through TV (79.05%), listening to others’ narration (56.83%), community publicity (26.03%), books or newspapers (22.86%) and internet (9.84%). While 76.51% of the elderly believed that UIs were preventable; 81.59% old people worried about UIs; 93.97% of the elderly chose to seek help when they suffered UIs; and 95.25% of elderly people followed traffic rules when crossing the road. In the case of gas use, 25.77% of the cases were checked and closed each time, 40% and 20% old people would check the time before taking the medicine, and purchasing food. Factors affecting the occurrence of UIs were age, heart disease (both P<0.05). Moreover, the living condition had an effect on “whether considering UIs as a kind of disease” (P=0.003). Conclusion: The KAP of UIs in the elderly is not optimistic, though most elderly people think the damage can be prevented; prevention on UIs related behavior needs to be enhanced. We should arouse the public to pay more attentions to keep elderly people far away UIs risk factors in this area.
Diabetic patients knowledge, attitude and practice toward oral healthAlexander Decker
This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of 612 diabetic patients in Abha City, Saudi Arabia regarding their oral health. The results showed that over half of patients were unaware of their increased risk of oral diseases as diabetics. Less than half knew that diabetes can cause dental caries and gingivitis. While patients' oral hygiene practices were generally good, their knowledge about the oral health risks of diabetes was deficient. The study highlights the need for better patient education on maintaining oral health and the link between diabetes and oral diseases.
Knowledge and practice on oral health among diabetic patients NAAR Journal
- The study assessed the knowledge and oral health practices of 120 diabetic patients in Bangladesh through interviews.
- It found that 65% of patients had good knowledge of oral health risks but only 7.5% had good oral health practices.
- Factors like education level, occupation, and income were associated with both better knowledge and practices.
Assessment of the level of awareness on AIDS/HIV in Johor, MalaysiaSriramNagarajan17
This document summarizes a study that assessed awareness of HIV/AIDS among 396 respondents in Johor, Malaysia. The study found that respondents had moderately high overall knowledge of HIV/AIDS, though some misconceptions remained. Most respondents knew that high-risk behaviors like needle sharing and unprotected sex can transmit HIV, but fewer were aware of risks from activities like tattooing or sharing personal items. While most knew there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, over half believed incorrectly that washing after sex prevents transmission. The study provides insight into awareness levels and information gaps regarding HIV/AIDS in Johor.
This study examined the prevalence and impact of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) among adults aged 40 and older in China. It found that LUTS affected the majority (60.3% of men and 57.7% of women) according to standard criteria. The most common combination of symptom groups was experiencing voiding, storage, and postmicturition symptoms. LUTS were associated with reduced quality of life and mental health. However, fewer than half of those with LUTS sought medical treatment. The results suggest a need for improved awareness and management of LUTS in China.
The document summarizes a study on the socio-demographic profile and outcomes of AIDS patients admitted to B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS) in Nepal between 2003-2006. The study found that the majority of patients were males between 20-40 years old, from the Mangolian caste, and from the Sunsari district. Half of the patients improved with treatment and were discharged, while approximately 15% expired. The number of AIDS cases at BPKIHS is increasing annually, highlighting the need for greater awareness activities and advocacy regarding available treatment facilities.
Health and Wellbeing after Deportation: The Roles of Socio-Demographic Variab...IJSRED
This study investigated the roles of socio-demographic variables in influencing health and wellbeing after deportation. 182 deported participants completed questionnaires assessing health/wellbeing. 3 hypotheses were tested: 1) No significant sex difference in health/wellbeing was found. 2) A significant positive relationship between age and health/wellbeing was found, with older deportees reporting better health. 3) Deportation history and period of stay in deported country significantly predicted health/wellbeing jointly and independently. The findings imply that both male and female deportees need rehabilitation, and that assessment of deportees should account for age, deportation history, and period of stay in deported country.
The rise of non-communicable diseases and their impact in low- and middle-income countries has gained increased attention in recent years.A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 369 villagers to assess the prevalenceof risk factors for non-communicable diseases at Dhamrai, Dhaka. About 252(68.3%) respondents had knowledge regarding HTN, 247(66.9%) about DM, 193(52.3%) about cancer and among them more than fifty percent respondents gave opinion that smoking as the cause of non communicable disease.Regarding awareness of risk factors of HTN and DM more than sixty percent respondents gave opinion on age advancement,near fifty percent on familialand significant strongassociations were found between NCDs and the risk factors. About 258(39.3%) of the rural participants got information from television.Finally, the need for health system reform to strengthen primary care at rural setting is highlighted as a major policy to reduce the toll of this rising epidemic.
A Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice KAP on Anemia and Socio Economic ...YogeshIJTSRD
This study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to anemia among 508 rural adolescent girls in Odisha, India before and after a planned nutrition education program. The study found that 55% of participants had mild anemia at baseline. Scores for knowledge, attitudes, and practices all improved significantly after the education program, indicating it was effective at positively changing KAP related to anemia. Certain demographic variables like age, family income, and mother's education were also found to influence KAP levels. The results suggest planned nutrition education can help address anemia issues among adolescent girls.
This study examined the HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and attitudes of engineering college students in Lucknow, India. A questionnaire was administered to 192 students to gather information. The results found that most students had some basic knowledge about HIV transmission routes, though some misconceptions remained. While most students said they would support friends with HIV, nearly half were unwilling to have HIV-positive friends. The study concluded that youth are central to India's HIV epidemic and that comprehensive sex education programs for students delivered by trained teachers are needed.
Majority of AIDS patients admitted to BPKIHS were males aged 20-40 years from the Sunsari district. The study found that 83.4% of admitted AIDS patients were between 20-40 years old, 89.6% were male, and 47.9% came from Sunsari district. Half of the patients improved with treatment and were discharged, while 22.9% were discharged without improvement in their condition.
Nursing care Journal involves in all the aspects related to nursing care. Domestic violence cuts cross all age groups and globally, between 10% and 69% of women report of having been physically assaulted by their sexual partner at least once in their life. Furthermore, between 6% and 47% of adult women report of having been sexually assaulted by their sexual partners while between 7% and 48% of girls and young women at least reported their first sexual episode to have been forced. Understanding of domestic violence issues and integrating them in the current treatment regimens is critical for success of treatment regimens of the above 50 years PLWH as domestic violence is blamed to hamper adherence to ARVS and ART, condom use among others. Hence the main objective of the study was to find out factors associated with domestic violence among the 50 years and above population living with HIV/AIDS, making a case study of Mukono hospital patients. Specifically the study intended to establish the individual/background factors associated with domestic violence among the above 50 years population living with HIV/AIDS, define the socio-economic factors associated with domestic violence and find the influence of substance abuse associated with domestic violence among the 50 years and above population living with HIV/AIDS. Edelweiss Publications accepts only high quality articles related to Nursing care Journal.
Stress An Undetachable Condition of LifeYogeshIJTSRD
Stressful life events affects human body, which may lead to cardiovascular diseases and effect metabolism and immune system. Recent studies showed increase in stress levels in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the stress levels in MBBS students. The objectives of the study are a To determine the current stress level, b To assess relation between stress level and lifestyle of college students. The present study was carried out in Ahmedabad City of Gujarat State. A total of 400 medical students were included in the study, which were selected using multi stage sampling aged between 18 years to 25 years. Students were questioned regarding their socioeconomic and life style parameters. The results showed that physical activity such as walking, exercise, yoga, meditation etc. were associated to stress levels. College students showed high stress levels with more satisfaction were mostly smokers. Their major reason for eating junk food and smoking was, increase in stress. Conclusion Majority of students suffered from moderate stress levels. Despite of having stress they were happy and satisfied with life with less no internet addiction. Spirituality and stress scales had a positive correlation as most of the students were averagely highly spiritual. Discriminant function can be used to determine the stress level of a person using age, BMI, internet addiction, spirituality, happiness scale and life satisfaction scale of that person. Jayshree N. Tolani | Dr. Nitinkumar D. Shah "Stress: An Undetachable Condition of Life" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45054.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45054/stress-an-undetachable-condition-of-life/jayshree-n-tolani
This document summarizes research on sexual health and HIV risk among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Vietnam. It finds that HIV prevalence among MSM has increased significantly in recent years and varies significantly by location. While some studies have examined HIV knowledge, risk behaviors, and injection drug use, most research has focused narrowly on sexual risk factors and paid little attention to other issues like substance use, mental health, and stigma that contribute to HIV vulnerability. The document calls for future research and interventions to address MSM health from a more integrated approach considering both sexual health and these "syndemic conditions."
Criminology Educators Triumphs and StrugglesYogeshIJTSRD
This document summarizes a research study about the triumphs and struggles of criminology educators in the Philippines. It finds that most respondents enjoy seeing their students succeed but find grading and dealing with difficult students stressful. Financially, only one respondent felt stable while others said their salaries were just enough to get by. Respondents did not initially intend to become teachers but stayed for reasons like family and valuing the teaching profession. While teaching had rewards, low salaries and qualifications impacted job satisfaction for some. Overall, the study provides insights into criminology educators' experiences in the Philippines.
Factors Influencing the Uptake of National Health Insurance Schemes among the...Premier Publishers
Purpose: Penetration of health insurance in the informal sector is very poor, this calls for upward scaling of successful interventions to remedy this situation given that health insurance increases access to healthcare services and improves financial risk protection. This study assessed the factors influencing uptake of national health insurance schemes among informal sector in Vihiga sub-county, Kenya.
Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. The target population was the informal sector workers. A sample of 384 participants was selected by cluster and simple random sampling techniques. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was summarized using tables, chi-square and bivariate logistic regression were used to test for associations (p<0.05).
Results: The study revealed that there was a significant influence of trust and knowledge of the health insurance scheme on the uptake of national health insurance (p < 0.05). The study further revealed that the attractiveness of the scheme had a big influence on the uptake of national health insurance
Conclusion: Trust and knowledge of the health insurance scheme had significant influence on uptake of national health insurance. Health Insurance Schemes should be designed in such a way that they attract informal sector workers and information regarding these schemes is disseminated to these people.
This study tested the effect of weekly SMS messages on HIV testing rates among young women in rural Kenya.
- 600 young women from 4 colleges were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either weekly SMS on HIV/reproductive health or no messages (control group).
- Those receiving messages had significantly higher rates of HIV testing - 67% tested compared to 51% of the control group. The SMS intervention increased the rate of HIV testing by 57%.
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Level of Anxiety among B.Sc. Nursing 1st Ye...YogeshIJTSRD
A quantitative descriptive study was undertaken to assess the level of Anxiety towards exposure to hospital environment among B.Sc. Nursing 1st year student at Apex College of Nursing, Varanasi, India. 100 students were selected through convenience sampling technique and data was collected by using beck anxiety inventory scale. Nursing 1st Year Students Regarding Exposure to Hospital Environment in Selected College of Nursing at Varanasi, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45024.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/45024/a-descriptive-study-to-assess-the-level-of-anxiety-among-bsc-nursing-1st-year-students-regarding-exposure-to-hospital-environment-in-selected-college-of-nursing-at-varanasi-india/ms-anushi
This study examined the demographic profiles, risk factors, health problems, reasons for admission, and knowledge of diabetes patients admitted to BPKIHS hospital in Nepal. The results showed that over half of patients were aged 40-60 years old, Hindu, and married. About 60% had hypertension, 39% had eye problems, and 25% had kidney issues. The top reasons for admission were adjusting insulin doses, investigations, and treating complications. While most patients knew they had diabetes, their knowledge of causes, treatments, and prevention was limited. The study concluded there is a need for diabetes education programs to improve patient knowledge.
A correlative study to assess the internet addiction and psychopathologies am...iosrjce
With the advancement in media and technologies internet has emerged as an effective tool in
eliminating human geographical barriers. However, excessive use of theInternet has resulted in negative
consequences especially among the regular users labeling it as an addiction. The objectives of the study were to
assess the prevalence of internet addiction and find a correlation between internet addiction and
psychopathologies among university students.A descriptive survey approach with cross sectional design was
adopted for the study. 264 students were selected by convenient sampling technique from the different colleges
of various streams like medicine, dental, nursing, pharmacology and agriculture, who are undergoing
graduation and fulfilling the sampling criteria. The data collection instruments used were Internet addiction test
(IAT) and Duke Health profile tool to assess the data. This study reveals that according to IAT score 85.5%
were normal & 14.5% were abnormal in 1st year, 95% were normal & 5% were abnormal in 2nd year ,68.9%
were normal & 31.1% were abnormal in 3rd year ,10.7% were normal & 89.2% were abnormal 56.2% normal
in 4th year.Study also shows IAT score among various disciplines, 69.2% were normal and 30.8% were
abnormal in medical college, 68% were normal and 32% were abnormal in nursing college, 50.5% were
normal and 49.5% were abnormal in pharmacology college, 57.5% were normal and 42.5% were abnormal in
dental college, 65.6% were normal and 34.4% were abnormal in agriculture college. Further it was observed
through the analysis that there is no statistically significant correlation between IAT score and
psychopathologies.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module SIM in Ter...YogeshIJTSRD
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDYBanicoo PK et al. , 2016 , some factors are known to influence the academic performance of children with Sickle Cell Anaemia SCA . Information on their effects in these children is limited in Nigeria. The factors which influence academic performance of children with SCA in Enugu, Nigeria are determined in this study.Consecutive children with SCA aged 5 11 years were recruited at the weekly sickle cell clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital UNTH Enugu, Nigeria. Their age and sex matched normal classmates were recruited as controls. The total number of days of school absence for 2009 2010 academic session was obtained for each pair of pupils from the class attendance register Sony Verma | Pro. Dr. N. V. Muninarayanappa | Mrs. Ramya Vasanth "A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module (SIM) in Terms of Knowledge Regarding Causes and Remedies for Poor Academic Performance of School Children among the Teachers of Selected Schools at Moradabad" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45076.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/45076/a-study-to-evaluate-the-effectiveness-of-self-instructional-module-sim-in-terms-of-knowledge-regarding-causes-and-remedies-for-poor-academic-performance-of-school-children-among-the-teachers-of-selected-schools-at-moradabad/sony-verma
This document summarizes a study on the sexual health education of traditional college students. The study assessed college students aged 18-24 through an online survey about their sexual activity, education, and knowledge of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Key findings include: most respondents were sexually active but half did not always practice safe sex; over 60% had been tested for STIs with 20% testing positive; and while the majority received sexual education, only two-thirds knew their university provides STI testing. The study aimed to evaluate students' STI knowledge and the role of education in prevention.
Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians Lipid Profile and Antioxid...YogeshIJTSRD
The study sought to determine the extent to which the usage of social media in the marketing of agricultural products in South West Nigeria can enhance farmers turnover. It employed the survey research design to collect data with the help of a structured questionnaire to elicit information from respondents selected from six 6 south western states. Research data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results showed that the use of social media WhatsApp and Facebook in marketing of agricultural products significantly enhances farmers turnover. The managerial implication is that use of Whatsapp and Facebook in the marketing of agricultural products for the enhancement of farmers’ turnover was found to have significant influence on the enhancement in farmers’ turnover from agricultural products. Policy makers in government should provide the enabling environment for the telecommunication companies to enhance their reach by installing their facilities across the length and breadth of the country so that the network coverage will be strong at all times so that the benefits of social media usage will not be constrained. Egejuru, Leonard O | Akubugwo, Emmanuel I | Ugorji, Beatrice N "Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians: Lipid Profile and Antioxidants Vitamins (A and C)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45021.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biochemistry/45021/comparative-studies-of-diabetes-in-adult-nigerians-lipid-profile-and-antioxidants-vitamins-a-and-c/egejuru-leonard-o
Abstract—Prevalence of degenerative dementias and dementias associated with cerebrovascular disease is increasing with the time. Dementia is one of the most significant public health problems. Demographic data, medical history, general biochemical data and serum total homocysteine (tHcy) levels was used in this study to examine the differences between dementia and normal control groups. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 236 individuals who were above the age of 65 years. These participants went through the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), demographic characteristics, biochemical data and tHcy level. Each of the above mentioned factors was assessed. There were significant differences in the history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, marital status, alcohol consumption (AC), BMI value, and triglyceride (TG) and serum tHcy levels. The logistic regression analysis showed significant differences in marital status, AC and tHcy. So it can be concluded that elevated serum tHcy, no AC and no partner are associated with the risk of dementia in elders of Southern Taiwan. It needs further researches to identify and reduce the risk of dementia.
Post-operative Wound Infection in Cases operated in a Tertiary Level Hospital Jaipur (Rajasthan) India-Wound infection is the second commonest nosocomial infection and most troublesome disorder of wound healing. This study was carried out on 100 post-operative cases of Surgical Unit 1st of General Surgery Department of Sawai Man Singh Hospital, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India in years 2014.
After interview of these, swab from post-operative wound was taken and sent for culture and sensitivity test in Microbiology. Results were inferred by Chi-square test and unpaired‘t’ test. Among all operative cases 21% were found infected. Cases, who were operated in emergency have significantly more post-operative wound infection. Mean age and mean postoperative stay of cases with post-operative infected wound was significantly higher than in cases without post-operative infected wound. But mean pre-operative stay, mean duration of operation and type of operation was not associated with post-operative wound infection. Pre-operative antibiotics lowered the occurrence of post-operative wound infection. Maximum proportion of causative agent found in post-operative infected wound was Staphylococci (90.48%) followed with Streptococci, E. Coli, Klebsella and Pseudomonas.
The document summarizes a study on the socio-demographic profile and outcomes of AIDS patients admitted to B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS) in Nepal between 2003-2006. The study found that the majority of patients were males between 20-40 years old, from the Mangolian caste, and from the Sunsari district. Half of the patients improved with treatment and were discharged, while approximately 15% expired. The number of AIDS cases at BPKIHS is increasing annually, highlighting the need for greater awareness activities and advocacy regarding available treatment facilities.
Health and Wellbeing after Deportation: The Roles of Socio-Demographic Variab...IJSRED
This study investigated the roles of socio-demographic variables in influencing health and wellbeing after deportation. 182 deported participants completed questionnaires assessing health/wellbeing. 3 hypotheses were tested: 1) No significant sex difference in health/wellbeing was found. 2) A significant positive relationship between age and health/wellbeing was found, with older deportees reporting better health. 3) Deportation history and period of stay in deported country significantly predicted health/wellbeing jointly and independently. The findings imply that both male and female deportees need rehabilitation, and that assessment of deportees should account for age, deportation history, and period of stay in deported country.
The rise of non-communicable diseases and their impact in low- and middle-income countries has gained increased attention in recent years.A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 369 villagers to assess the prevalenceof risk factors for non-communicable diseases at Dhamrai, Dhaka. About 252(68.3%) respondents had knowledge regarding HTN, 247(66.9%) about DM, 193(52.3%) about cancer and among them more than fifty percent respondents gave opinion that smoking as the cause of non communicable disease.Regarding awareness of risk factors of HTN and DM more than sixty percent respondents gave opinion on age advancement,near fifty percent on familialand significant strongassociations were found between NCDs and the risk factors. About 258(39.3%) of the rural participants got information from television.Finally, the need for health system reform to strengthen primary care at rural setting is highlighted as a major policy to reduce the toll of this rising epidemic.
A Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice KAP on Anemia and Socio Economic ...YogeshIJTSRD
This study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to anemia among 508 rural adolescent girls in Odisha, India before and after a planned nutrition education program. The study found that 55% of participants had mild anemia at baseline. Scores for knowledge, attitudes, and practices all improved significantly after the education program, indicating it was effective at positively changing KAP related to anemia. Certain demographic variables like age, family income, and mother's education were also found to influence KAP levels. The results suggest planned nutrition education can help address anemia issues among adolescent girls.
This study examined the HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and attitudes of engineering college students in Lucknow, India. A questionnaire was administered to 192 students to gather information. The results found that most students had some basic knowledge about HIV transmission routes, though some misconceptions remained. While most students said they would support friends with HIV, nearly half were unwilling to have HIV-positive friends. The study concluded that youth are central to India's HIV epidemic and that comprehensive sex education programs for students delivered by trained teachers are needed.
Majority of AIDS patients admitted to BPKIHS were males aged 20-40 years from the Sunsari district. The study found that 83.4% of admitted AIDS patients were between 20-40 years old, 89.6% were male, and 47.9% came from Sunsari district. Half of the patients improved with treatment and were discharged, while 22.9% were discharged without improvement in their condition.
Nursing care Journal involves in all the aspects related to nursing care. Domestic violence cuts cross all age groups and globally, between 10% and 69% of women report of having been physically assaulted by their sexual partner at least once in their life. Furthermore, between 6% and 47% of adult women report of having been sexually assaulted by their sexual partners while between 7% and 48% of girls and young women at least reported their first sexual episode to have been forced. Understanding of domestic violence issues and integrating them in the current treatment regimens is critical for success of treatment regimens of the above 50 years PLWH as domestic violence is blamed to hamper adherence to ARVS and ART, condom use among others. Hence the main objective of the study was to find out factors associated with domestic violence among the 50 years and above population living with HIV/AIDS, making a case study of Mukono hospital patients. Specifically the study intended to establish the individual/background factors associated with domestic violence among the above 50 years population living with HIV/AIDS, define the socio-economic factors associated with domestic violence and find the influence of substance abuse associated with domestic violence among the 50 years and above population living with HIV/AIDS. Edelweiss Publications accepts only high quality articles related to Nursing care Journal.
Stress An Undetachable Condition of LifeYogeshIJTSRD
Stressful life events affects human body, which may lead to cardiovascular diseases and effect metabolism and immune system. Recent studies showed increase in stress levels in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the stress levels in MBBS students. The objectives of the study are a To determine the current stress level, b To assess relation between stress level and lifestyle of college students. The present study was carried out in Ahmedabad City of Gujarat State. A total of 400 medical students were included in the study, which were selected using multi stage sampling aged between 18 years to 25 years. Students were questioned regarding their socioeconomic and life style parameters. The results showed that physical activity such as walking, exercise, yoga, meditation etc. were associated to stress levels. College students showed high stress levels with more satisfaction were mostly smokers. Their major reason for eating junk food and smoking was, increase in stress. Conclusion Majority of students suffered from moderate stress levels. Despite of having stress they were happy and satisfied with life with less no internet addiction. Spirituality and stress scales had a positive correlation as most of the students were averagely highly spiritual. Discriminant function can be used to determine the stress level of a person using age, BMI, internet addiction, spirituality, happiness scale and life satisfaction scale of that person. Jayshree N. Tolani | Dr. Nitinkumar D. Shah "Stress: An Undetachable Condition of Life" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45054.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45054/stress-an-undetachable-condition-of-life/jayshree-n-tolani
This document summarizes research on sexual health and HIV risk among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Vietnam. It finds that HIV prevalence among MSM has increased significantly in recent years and varies significantly by location. While some studies have examined HIV knowledge, risk behaviors, and injection drug use, most research has focused narrowly on sexual risk factors and paid little attention to other issues like substance use, mental health, and stigma that contribute to HIV vulnerability. The document calls for future research and interventions to address MSM health from a more integrated approach considering both sexual health and these "syndemic conditions."
Criminology Educators Triumphs and StrugglesYogeshIJTSRD
This document summarizes a research study about the triumphs and struggles of criminology educators in the Philippines. It finds that most respondents enjoy seeing their students succeed but find grading and dealing with difficult students stressful. Financially, only one respondent felt stable while others said their salaries were just enough to get by. Respondents did not initially intend to become teachers but stayed for reasons like family and valuing the teaching profession. While teaching had rewards, low salaries and qualifications impacted job satisfaction for some. Overall, the study provides insights into criminology educators' experiences in the Philippines.
Factors Influencing the Uptake of National Health Insurance Schemes among the...Premier Publishers
Purpose: Penetration of health insurance in the informal sector is very poor, this calls for upward scaling of successful interventions to remedy this situation given that health insurance increases access to healthcare services and improves financial risk protection. This study assessed the factors influencing uptake of national health insurance schemes among informal sector in Vihiga sub-county, Kenya.
Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. The target population was the informal sector workers. A sample of 384 participants was selected by cluster and simple random sampling techniques. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was summarized using tables, chi-square and bivariate logistic regression were used to test for associations (p<0.05).
Results: The study revealed that there was a significant influence of trust and knowledge of the health insurance scheme on the uptake of national health insurance (p < 0.05). The study further revealed that the attractiveness of the scheme had a big influence on the uptake of national health insurance
Conclusion: Trust and knowledge of the health insurance scheme had significant influence on uptake of national health insurance. Health Insurance Schemes should be designed in such a way that they attract informal sector workers and information regarding these schemes is disseminated to these people.
This study tested the effect of weekly SMS messages on HIV testing rates among young women in rural Kenya.
- 600 young women from 4 colleges were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either weekly SMS on HIV/reproductive health or no messages (control group).
- Those receiving messages had significantly higher rates of HIV testing - 67% tested compared to 51% of the control group. The SMS intervention increased the rate of HIV testing by 57%.
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Level of Anxiety among B.Sc. Nursing 1st Ye...YogeshIJTSRD
A quantitative descriptive study was undertaken to assess the level of Anxiety towards exposure to hospital environment among B.Sc. Nursing 1st year student at Apex College of Nursing, Varanasi, India. 100 students were selected through convenience sampling technique and data was collected by using beck anxiety inventory scale. Nursing 1st Year Students Regarding Exposure to Hospital Environment in Selected College of Nursing at Varanasi, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45024.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/45024/a-descriptive-study-to-assess-the-level-of-anxiety-among-bsc-nursing-1st-year-students-regarding-exposure-to-hospital-environment-in-selected-college-of-nursing-at-varanasi-india/ms-anushi
This study examined the demographic profiles, risk factors, health problems, reasons for admission, and knowledge of diabetes patients admitted to BPKIHS hospital in Nepal. The results showed that over half of patients were aged 40-60 years old, Hindu, and married. About 60% had hypertension, 39% had eye problems, and 25% had kidney issues. The top reasons for admission were adjusting insulin doses, investigations, and treating complications. While most patients knew they had diabetes, their knowledge of causes, treatments, and prevention was limited. The study concluded there is a need for diabetes education programs to improve patient knowledge.
A correlative study to assess the internet addiction and psychopathologies am...iosrjce
With the advancement in media and technologies internet has emerged as an effective tool in
eliminating human geographical barriers. However, excessive use of theInternet has resulted in negative
consequences especially among the regular users labeling it as an addiction. The objectives of the study were to
assess the prevalence of internet addiction and find a correlation between internet addiction and
psychopathologies among university students.A descriptive survey approach with cross sectional design was
adopted for the study. 264 students were selected by convenient sampling technique from the different colleges
of various streams like medicine, dental, nursing, pharmacology and agriculture, who are undergoing
graduation and fulfilling the sampling criteria. The data collection instruments used were Internet addiction test
(IAT) and Duke Health profile tool to assess the data. This study reveals that according to IAT score 85.5%
were normal & 14.5% were abnormal in 1st year, 95% were normal & 5% were abnormal in 2nd year ,68.9%
were normal & 31.1% were abnormal in 3rd year ,10.7% were normal & 89.2% were abnormal 56.2% normal
in 4th year.Study also shows IAT score among various disciplines, 69.2% were normal and 30.8% were
abnormal in medical college, 68% were normal and 32% were abnormal in nursing college, 50.5% were
normal and 49.5% were abnormal in pharmacology college, 57.5% were normal and 42.5% were abnormal in
dental college, 65.6% were normal and 34.4% were abnormal in agriculture college. Further it was observed
through the analysis that there is no statistically significant correlation between IAT score and
psychopathologies.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module SIM in Ter...YogeshIJTSRD
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDYBanicoo PK et al. , 2016 , some factors are known to influence the academic performance of children with Sickle Cell Anaemia SCA . Information on their effects in these children is limited in Nigeria. The factors which influence academic performance of children with SCA in Enugu, Nigeria are determined in this study.Consecutive children with SCA aged 5 11 years were recruited at the weekly sickle cell clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital UNTH Enugu, Nigeria. Their age and sex matched normal classmates were recruited as controls. The total number of days of school absence for 2009 2010 academic session was obtained for each pair of pupils from the class attendance register Sony Verma | Pro. Dr. N. V. Muninarayanappa | Mrs. Ramya Vasanth "A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module (SIM) in Terms of Knowledge Regarding Causes and Remedies for Poor Academic Performance of School Children among the Teachers of Selected Schools at Moradabad" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45076.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/45076/a-study-to-evaluate-the-effectiveness-of-self-instructional-module-sim-in-terms-of-knowledge-regarding-causes-and-remedies-for-poor-academic-performance-of-school-children-among-the-teachers-of-selected-schools-at-moradabad/sony-verma
This document summarizes a study on the sexual health education of traditional college students. The study assessed college students aged 18-24 through an online survey about their sexual activity, education, and knowledge of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Key findings include: most respondents were sexually active but half did not always practice safe sex; over 60% had been tested for STIs with 20% testing positive; and while the majority received sexual education, only two-thirds knew their university provides STI testing. The study aimed to evaluate students' STI knowledge and the role of education in prevention.
Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians Lipid Profile and Antioxid...YogeshIJTSRD
The study sought to determine the extent to which the usage of social media in the marketing of agricultural products in South West Nigeria can enhance farmers turnover. It employed the survey research design to collect data with the help of a structured questionnaire to elicit information from respondents selected from six 6 south western states. Research data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results showed that the use of social media WhatsApp and Facebook in marketing of agricultural products significantly enhances farmers turnover. The managerial implication is that use of Whatsapp and Facebook in the marketing of agricultural products for the enhancement of farmers’ turnover was found to have significant influence on the enhancement in farmers’ turnover from agricultural products. Policy makers in government should provide the enabling environment for the telecommunication companies to enhance their reach by installing their facilities across the length and breadth of the country so that the network coverage will be strong at all times so that the benefits of social media usage will not be constrained. Egejuru, Leonard O | Akubugwo, Emmanuel I | Ugorji, Beatrice N "Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians: Lipid Profile and Antioxidants Vitamins (A and C)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45021.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biochemistry/45021/comparative-studies-of-diabetes-in-adult-nigerians-lipid-profile-and-antioxidants-vitamins-a-and-c/egejuru-leonard-o
Abstract—Prevalence of degenerative dementias and dementias associated with cerebrovascular disease is increasing with the time. Dementia is one of the most significant public health problems. Demographic data, medical history, general biochemical data and serum total homocysteine (tHcy) levels was used in this study to examine the differences between dementia and normal control groups. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 236 individuals who were above the age of 65 years. These participants went through the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), demographic characteristics, biochemical data and tHcy level. Each of the above mentioned factors was assessed. There were significant differences in the history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, marital status, alcohol consumption (AC), BMI value, and triglyceride (TG) and serum tHcy levels. The logistic regression analysis showed significant differences in marital status, AC and tHcy. So it can be concluded that elevated serum tHcy, no AC and no partner are associated with the risk of dementia in elders of Southern Taiwan. It needs further researches to identify and reduce the risk of dementia.
Post-operative Wound Infection in Cases operated in a Tertiary Level Hospital Jaipur (Rajasthan) India-Wound infection is the second commonest nosocomial infection and most troublesome disorder of wound healing. This study was carried out on 100 post-operative cases of Surgical Unit 1st of General Surgery Department of Sawai Man Singh Hospital, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India in years 2014.
After interview of these, swab from post-operative wound was taken and sent for culture and sensitivity test in Microbiology. Results were inferred by Chi-square test and unpaired‘t’ test. Among all operative cases 21% were found infected. Cases, who were operated in emergency have significantly more post-operative wound infection. Mean age and mean postoperative stay of cases with post-operative infected wound was significantly higher than in cases without post-operative infected wound. But mean pre-operative stay, mean duration of operation and type of operation was not associated with post-operative wound infection. Pre-operative antibiotics lowered the occurrence of post-operative wound infection. Maximum proportion of causative agent found in post-operative infected wound was Staphylococci (90.48%) followed with Streptococci, E. Coli, Klebsella and Pseudomonas.
Abstract— Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is also becoming public health impotance nowadays. So this study was aimed to determine the association of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with metabolic syndrome and Cardio-Vascular disease along with assessment of degree of severity of NAFLD with respect to number of components of metabolic syndrome. This study includes a total of 222 subjects were enrolled as per the inclusion/exclusion criteria, out of which 110 cases who had NAFLD with hepatic steatosis on ultrasonography and 112 subjects who did not have NAFLD were considered control. These cases and controls were interrogated and investigated further. Observations were recorded and association of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with metabolic syndrome and Cardio-Vascular disease along with assessment of degree of severity of NAFLD with respect to number of components of metabolic syndrome. Statistical methods used were unpaired student’s t-test for continuous variables, Fischer’s and chi-sq test for categorical variables using bivariate analysis by Graph Pad Instat Version 3.10. Risk was assessed in terms of Odd's Ratio. The patients with MS and NAFLD had a higher proportion of CVD compared with those who did not have NAFLD (29.1 vs 18.1 %). This study concludes that NAFLD is significantly associated with MS; most significant with WC, followed by TG and FBS and thus can be considered as hepatic component of MS. This needs more research with large multi-centric prospective studies to evaluate NAFLD as an independent risk factor for CVD.
Abstract—Lymphadenopathy is one of the commonest presentation in inflammatory and neoplastic cases. Pathological diagnosis of enlarged lymph nodes is crucial in further management of patients. Fine Needle Aspiration cytology (FNAC) is quick and cost effective OPD procedure for establishing etiology of enlarged lymph nodes. This study was aimed to observed the pattern of lymphadenopathy as per FNAC and its diagnostic accuracy assuming histopathology as gold standard. This study was conducted on two hundred and thirty one consecutive enlarged lymph nodes attended for FNAC in a secondary care level Government Hospital, Gandhi Nagar, Jammu in a study period of two and a half years. Lymph nodes of these cases were aspirated and subjected to cytomorphological evaluation with Papanicolaou (PAP) and Giemsa stain. After that histopathological examination was done of excised biopsies. Then pattern of lymphadenopathy as per FNAC was observed and its diagnostic accuracy was found out assuming histopathology as gold standard. Maximum number of patients was in the age group of 21-30 years age group with male to female ratio 1.2:1. Out of 231 lymphadenopathy cases 4 remain inconclusisve whereas 200 (88.11%)cases were benign and 27 (11.89%) were malignant including 14 (6.1%) cases of metastatic tumors. Among benign cases, majority had non specific reactive lymphadenitis (42.29%) followed by tubercular lymphadenitis. And among malignant tumors, metastatic tumors (6.1%). were most common. Diagnostic accuracy of FNAC was observed as fairly good i.e. ranging from 100% to 83.3% in various type of lymphadenopathies. So it can be depicted that FNAC is very useful first line investigation in patients presenting with enlarged lymph nodes especially in secondary level health care hospitals/centers where advanced diagnostic modalities are not available. The suspicious cases can always be referred for further evaluation.
Abstract— Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are rare neoplasms of the gastrointestinal system. A case of 40 year old man having tense tender abdomen with obliterated liver dullness and shifting dullness was presented in emergency, it was further investigated on X rays, where pneumoperitoneum was found. This case was then decided to go for Laparatomy after routine investigations to further explore. On exploratory laparatomy, diffuse peritonitis with brown coloured fluid was observed. A 10 x 5 x 7 cm mass was found having an opening communicating with the gut lumen was present around 10 cm from the ligament of treitz. However, no adjacent structures, liver or parietal peritoneum seemed to be involved. Gross examination of the specimen revealed an outward bulging mass, which was centrally necrotic and contained hemorrhagic-necrotic material. On histo-pathological examination, features suggestive of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) with mixed spindle and epitheoid pattern was seen. Mitoses were slightly increased (<5 /> HPFs) leading to the conclusion of LOW GRADE GIST with tumor free margins of gut (R0 resection). So it was a case of Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), which is a rare medical presentation. So it was decided to report this case as a rare case presentation.
Abstract—Dermatitis artefacta is a self-inflicted dermatologic injury with underlying primary psychiatric condition. Precipitating factors ranges from simple anxiety to interpersonal conflicts and several personality disorders including obsessive compulsive disorder, depression and psychotic disturbances. The diagnosis of this entity is often missed. Herein, we are reporting a case of dermatitis artefacta with description of its various manifestations.
Abstract—Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that affects people of all ages. It may manifest as severe attacks, which can require urgent health care. It causes limitations in daily activities, loss of school and work days, lung function impairment, reduced quality of life, and an adverse socioeconomic burden. There is no cure of asthma, once it is diagnosed it can be managed by a good treatment plan, so that patient can live a better quality of life with the disease. This present study was planned to compare the effect of traditional treatment alone and in combination with Root Heal Therapy on asthma cases. A Quincy experiment was conducted on 60 patients of Asthma, who were taking treatment from a physician working in Jaipuriya Hospital, Jaipur. Out of these 60 asthama patients who were receiving traditional treatment, 30 patients were given this RHT along with traditional treatment. Baseline status of asthma and Asthma Quality of life Questionnaire (AQLQ) was assessed. These cases were followed for 18 months, again they were assessed as per AQLQ. Changes in status of asthma in both the group over this period were compared with Chi-square test and Unpaired 't' test. It was found that significantly more cases were benefited with this RHT in the form of number of spells of asthma, duration of illness due to asthma, mean days of activity loss and proportion of cases needed hospitalization during last one year. Pulmonary Function test were also better in experimental group than control group. Although mean number of eosinofills decrease was also found higher in experimental group but it was not found significant. It is concluded that Quality of life of these asthma cases were significantly improved on physical, emotional, social and occupational domains of life in cases with RHT than the cases only on traditional treatment.
Abstract—Mycosis fungoides is the commonest cutaneous T cell lymphoma. It may be difficult to distinguish it from other dermatoses. Non responsive ulcerated plaques may be a presenting feature of mycosis fungoides. A definitive diagnosis can be made only on careful correlation of the clinical with the histopathological, immunophenotypical and molecular features. A case of mycosis fungoides who presented with de novo ulceration in plaque stage of mycosis fungoides was observed and presented which is a rare presentation.
Abstract— Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic and progressive condition with a hereditary predisposition which is further induced by unhealthy lifestyle. It is a silent killer with cardiovascular complications being most common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with T2DM.
Objective: To find out association of socio demographic and clinical parameters of diabetes type 2 with hypertension and dyslipidemia among Diabetes Mellitus type 2 cases aged 18 to 70 years. Methodology: A cross sectional hospital based study was conducted on 272 type 2 DM patients attending Department of Medicine in a secondary care referral hospital after taking consent.
Results: Hypertension was present in 192 (70.59%) and dyslipidemia was present in 93 (34.19%) of type 2 diabetes patients. Age, family income, presence of family history, duration of illness, type of treatment, consumption of alcohol , BMI, Hba1c level were found to be associated significantly with both hypertension and dyslipidemia in type 2 DM patients.
Abstract— Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common physical disability of childhood. Children with CP frequently grow slowly and are more prone to fractures. So this study was aimed to explore relationship of bone mineral density (BMD) with cerebral palsy by case-control study. This study was conducted at Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation of Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur. Hip bone and spine bone was used to assess BMD. Bone mineral density was measured by DEXA in both groups i.e. study group and control group after ensuring the comparability of both groups. Difference in means of BMD in both the groups was inferred by unpaired student's’ test of significance. It was found in this study that bone mineral density of hip well as spine was significantly lowered in cerebral palsy cases.
This study examined the psychiatric morbidity profile of 1,620 elderly people residing in Jaipur, India. The researchers found that over half (54.32%) of the elderly population had at least one psychiatric illness. Depression was the most common psychiatric problem, affecting 40.93% of participants. Other frequent issues included sleep disorders, anxiety, and psychosis. Females had significantly higher rates of depression, sleep disorders, psychosis, and phobias compared to males. The results suggest that the elderly population requires increased attention and support from policymakers to address their high burden of psychiatric illnesses.
Abstract— Spiritual or compassionate care involves serving the whole person i.e. physical, emotional, social, spiritual etc dimensions of health. Spirituality has now been identified globally as an important aspect for providing answers to many questions related to health and happiness. The World Health Organization is also looking beyond physical, mental and social dimensions of the health i.e. the spiritual health and its impact on the overall health and happiness of an individual. Spiritual commitment tends to enhance recovery from illness and surgery also. Spiritually is transpired both in order to comfort the dying and to broaden one's own understanding of life at its ending. Spiritual beliefs can help patients cope with disease and face death. So it should be necessarily be add-on in critical stage of disease. Nowadays in some of medical schools in developed countries has included as a curreculam of patient care. Now it is the time that all Medical Colleges should include educating their students about spiritual health care in comprehensive patient care. Medical Council of India should also take some action in this direction.
—Melasma is a third most commonly cited skin disorders was pigmentary problem diagnosed most often, other two are post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and vitiligo. So this study was conducted on 500 cases of Melasma attending at skin OPD of Charak Bhawan, a hospital attached to SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Rajasthan) with the aim to study its clinical pattern. Severity of Melasma was assessed by MASI. It was observed from this study that centro-facial distribution was found most prevelent (52.2%) pattern of Melasma followed by Malar pattern. Although mean MASI scores was found 12.47±5.093 but majority (53.2%) of cases were of sever grade followed by moderate and mild grade of Melasma. Malar area was most affected area (99.8%) followed by forehead area and chin area. Variation of area affected with Melasma was found significant (p<0.001). It was also observed that darkness as well as homogenecity was significantly more at malar region than that of forehead and chin. So it was also be concluded from this study that Melasma cases who are attending at Skin OPD are having melasma lesion on malar region and of sever grade. Reasons for this observation is o be explored with further research.
Abstract—In the case of neurological disorders, patient autonomy is a fundamental principle which must be taken into consideration. In the case of this pathology, fluctuating mental deterioration is encountered most frequently in the case of mild forms of dementia. In the case of severe forms of dementia, the patient loses any autonomy and requires permanent medical care, as well as a permanent legal representative.
Aim of this study was to know autonomy of the patients with certain neurological disorders about ability of making decisions for their medical care.
Material and method: It is a quantitative retrospective observational study and data for which is gathered from the observation charts of 323 patients attended in either emergency or outpatient, between April to December 2006, in “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Clinical Hospital of Emergency, Iasi, Romania. Study subjects were split into 2 groups: Group 1 (with a number of 215 cases) – a group of patients with the diagnostics of acute cerebrovascular accident, aphasia and dementia. Group 2 (with a number of 108 cases) – patients known or recently diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis. Consent informed given by patient in the observation charts of above two groups was observed and number of patients who has given consent was compared in both the groups.
Results: On the cases under study, only for 13.6% of the patients of the first group there is consent informed in the observation chart, while for the patients in the second group this percentage was slightly smaller (9.3%).
Conclusions: As very few patients have given written informed consent and more sever the neurological disorder less the chances to have written informed consent by patients. So it can be concluded that medical performance brings indisputable benefits, however it should be done by a careful selection of the subjects and by following ethical principles.
Abstract— Season seems to have its role in wound infection which is the second commonest nosocomial infection and most troublesome disorder of wound healing. This study was carried out on 100 post-operative cases of Surgical Unit 1st of General Surgery Department of Sawai Man Singh Hospital, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India in years 2014. This study aimed to find out the seasonal trend in Post-operative wound infections (PSI). After interview of these, swab from post-operative wound was taken and sent for culture and sensitivity test in Microbiology. Results were inferred by Chi-square test. In this study, post-operative wound infection rate was found 21%. In majority of cases, causative agent found in post-operative infected wound was Staphylococci (90.48%) followed with Streptococci, E. Coli, Klebsella and Pseudomonas. Maximum cases were found in April followed by March, January and none was found in other months but this variation was not found significant.
Abstract—Child nutrition is an important factor for their physical and neuro-psychological development and overall health not only in childhood but also in adulthood. The World Health Organization recommends that mothers should be informed about the advantages and the enormous benefits of breastfeeding. It is part of the professional responsibility of nurses to promote good health care habits among women in fertile age and raise the overall health awareness of parents. The aim of the study was to research the knowledge of infant feeding among students in the Nursing Program. An anonymous survey was conducted among students in the Nursing I class. The survey group included a total of 51 students, ranging from 19 to 47 years old. All analyses were conducted using Statgraphics Plus software, version 2.1. It was found that students rate the advantages of breastfeeding for the mother as follows: faster recovery (29.4%); reduces the risk of cancer in women (21.6%), faster recovery of the weight of the mother before birth (27.5%). The majority of students were able to point out specific steps to successful breastfeeding and the respective time schedules of infant feeding (70%). The study found less satisfactory results of the participants’ knowledge on how to prepare infant dairy blends 19 (30.3%) and the duration of breastfeeding in 11 (21.6%). It can be concluded that students in the Nursing Program demonstrate good knowledge of infant nutrition.
This study assessed depression levels in medical students in India using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scale and its relationship to psycho-wellness as measured by the Modified MINI Scale (MMS). The study found that 30.5% of 230 medical students screened had depression, with 21% having moderate to severe depression. Depression levels were highest in students in the red zone of psycho-wellness on the MMS, followed by the orange zone, and lowest in the green zone. The results suggest an association between poorer psycho-wellness and higher rates and severity of depression in medical students.
Abstract—In Italy the hydatid disease is more prevalent and new cases are highlighted more frequently in Sicily, Sardinia, (Italy). Aim of this study is to put the indication in search of iaditea nature in both spleen swelling and muscle tendon.
Material and Method Patients observed during the period 2007-2009 at the Surgical Clinic III and Digestive Surgery, Policlinico G Rodolico were explored for Hydatid cyste at various sites. Diagnosis of cysts ecchinococcus occurred primarily for various four reasons either for compression of bodies involved or for eosinophilia or for instrumental investigation or for anaphylactic reaction to rupture of cysts. Biological diagnosis is based on serology rather than isolation of the parasite (indirect diagnosis);
Results Patients attended during the period 2007-2009 Hydatid cyst was found in 0.5% of all cases in liver along with 4 in the lung, 3 in splenic, 2 in the mammary and 2 in the chest wall No 2. The Surgical treatment with the complete removal of the cyst with a satisfactory postoperative course in the absence of cases of relapse of the disease and by following the therapeutic act, the assumption of mebendazole 50mg / kg / day for 3 weeks at a dose of 400mg for 4 months
Conclusions There is a need to define diagnostic methods with high specificity and sensitivity, which can provide a valid diagnostic aid for the cases clinically difficult to diagnose. And the final diagnosis must then also be based on the development of immunological methods that allow the determination of specific antibodies in the serum and their titration and / or the circulating antigen determination.
Abstract—Osteomyelitis is a rare complication of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine particularly in Immunocompetent children. Recognition and Management of BCG osteomyelitis is challenging. Herein a 7-months-old Saudi girl admitted with right foot swelling, clinical diagnosis of cold abscess was made. MRI imaging revealed osteomyelitis of 1st right tarsal bone, open biopsy tissue culture and PCR were positive for mycobacterium bovis. BCG osteomyelitis is devastating complication of BCG vaccination that should be considered in the appropriate clinical setting.
The negative impacts of adolescent sexuality problems among secondary school ...lukeman Joseph Ade shittu
This study was conducted to focus on the negative health outcomes related to sexual behaviour in adolescents and young adults attending public school in the Oworonshoki region of Lagos, Nigeria, Africa. Since, there is a relative dearth of knowledge on adolescents who face unique and challenging economics, health and education problems in our society. Data on the socio-demographic characteristics, prevalence and knowledge towards STD including HIV/AIDS, prevalence of sexual abuse practice/sexual behaviour, family planning awareness and acceptance including abortion practice were sorted out using self structured questionnaires and administered to 60% of student’s population using a stratified random sampling technique. 55.8% lived with both parents. While, 50.3% of the mothers had basic secondary school qualifications, 72.4% of them are traders. 61.5% had sex education were from misinformed friends/peers while 51% had no basic knowledge about sexual behavioral practice and attitude towards STDs/AIDS (HIV). STD has a prevalence of 34 and 41% of boys used condoms for preventing STI/HIV transmission and unwanted pregnancies. One out of every five sexually active teenagers has experienced forced sex, especially among the circumcised girls who were more sexually active than the uncircumcised girls. 60% of girls between ages of 12 and 18 years had more than one unsafe abortion with severe vaginal bleeding (haemorrhage) as the chief complication. However, 65% of the girls did abortion for fear of leaving school and financial hardship as the reasons.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
This study examined the relationship between gender and sexual risk behaviors among males and females. A mixed methods approach was used, including focus groups with 12 participants and an online/hard copy survey completed by 90 participants. The survey assessed demographics, sexual activity levels, and risk behaviors. Results found no statistically significant difference between males and females in terms of risk behaviors. However, qualitative findings suggested alcohol and drug use contribute to higher risk behaviors. In conclusion, gender alone did not predict risk, though other factors like substance use were implicated.
Strategies for enhancing healthy sexual behaviour among secondary school adol...Alexander Decker
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A bridge too near injecting drug users' sexual behaviourMd. Nakebul Kausar
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Awareness, Approach and Practice of Youth towards preclusion of Sexually Tran...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
Awareness, Approach and Practice of Youth towards preclusion of Sexually Transmitted Infections at KIU-TH, Ishaka Bushenyi District
Ahura, Alex
Department of Nursing Science, Kampala International University, Uganda.
________________________________________
ABSTRACT
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) remains a serious reproductive health problem globally. Despite this fact, youths recklessly involve in sexual activities which predisposes them to STIs which could rather be easily preventable. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of youths aged 19–24 towards prevention of STIs at KIU-TH in Ishaka Bushenyi district, Uganda. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional and quantitative methods were employed in data collection. Fifty respondents both male and female were selected using a convenient sampling method. Most respondents 30 (60%) were between 19 – 20 years, 30(60%) were students and 30(60%) were single. Knowledge towards prevention of STIs was good as majority 50(100%) understood the term STIs, 25(50%) knew HIV infection as an STIs, 50(100%) knew about transmission of STIs, 30(60%) had been sensitized and health educated about STIs prevention and majority knew condom use 30(60%) as one of the ways of preventing STIs. Attitudes were fair as majority 40(80%) believed that STIs can be dangerous and majority 40(80%) felt they could prevent STIs. Practice was poor as majority had 1-2 partners, 30(60%) and majority had their first partner at 15-17 years old 30(60%), majority of the respondents took alcohol 35(70%), majority 37(74%) reported teenage involvement in sexual relationship and 35(70%) reported alcohol as one of the most leading factors into sexual relationships, majority 33(66%) did not take precautions during sexual intercourse only 18(36%) used condoms. The study found out adequate knowledge towards STIs prevention and attitudes were fair but practices were poor.
Keywords: knowledge, attitude, practice, youth, sexually transmitted infections, Uganda
National studies have demonstrated that LGBTQ adolescents are disproportionately impacted by negative health outcomes including STDs, HIV, and unplanned pregnancy. In 2014, Essential Access Health surveyed LAUSD school-based Wellness Centers; gaps in current knowledge and practice related to inclusive clinical care of LGBTQ patients were identified. In 2016, we implemented staff trainings to improve LGBTQ-inclusive services. Based on training evaluation, areas for further technical assistance were identified, and used to develop online training resources. This presentation will discuss tools and best practices for implementing trainings on inclusive care.
Running head: ASSIGNMENT 3 1
ASSIGNMENT 3
4
Assignment 3
Diamond Fulton-Hicks
Saint Leo University-HCA:402
Mrs.Claudette Andrea
04/05/2020
According to the CDC, Youth Risk Behaviors are used in monitoring the six groups of health-associated practices that are contributing to the top causes of deaths and disability amongst youths and adults. Some of these behaviors are those which are contributing to unintended injuries and violent behavior; sexual practices which lead to unintentional pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections; alcohol and other drug use; tobacco use; detrimental dietary practices; and the insufficient engagement in the physical exercise. This paper is therefore based on discussing these health behaviors top factors associated with the increased death and disability rates amongst youths and adults (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d).
Alcohol and other drug use
Alcohol and other illicit drug are used by the majority of the youths as compared to tobacco use. It is contributing to about 41 percent of all deaths that are caused by motor vehicles. When compared to other behaviors that put human at risk concerning health, alcohol is causing a wider variety of injuries and it is approximated that 100,000 deaths occurs as a result alcohol consumption every year in the U.S. About 46 percent of Americans have been intoxicated in the previous years and roughly 4 percent have been intoxicated weekly (Kann, et al., 2014).
Behaviors causing unplanned injuries and violence such as suicide
The injuries and violent behavior are considered to be amongst the top causes of death amongst the youth of ages 10 to 24 years. The motor vehicle crashes are contributing to 30 percent of deaths and other accidental injuries contribute to 15 percent. Homicide and suicide are contributing to 15 and 12 percent death cases respectively (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d).
Tobacco Use
It is estimated that there are about 3,600 adolescents of ages 12 to 17 years in the United States who have tried their first cigarette. The use of cigarettes is contributing to 1 to every 5 deaths (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d).
Unhealthy Dietary Behaviors
Healthy eating is linked to the reduction in the risks of diseases that exposes individuals to death and these diseases include heart disease. In 2009, it was reported that about 23.3 percent of the high school learners reported increased habit of consuming fruits and vegetables five or more times every day. Studies have shown the relationship in the habit of eating the restaurant foods and the increased BMI thus exposing individuals to diseases such as obesity and other cardiovascular diseases (Kann, et al., 2014).
Physical Inactivity
The decline in physical activity is common among children when they get older. Most of the youths are spending their time in a sedentary lifestyle such as watching television with less participation in physical ...
College Students' Attitude towards Premarital Sex: Implication for Guidance a...AJSERJournal
In many African countries, discussing sexuality still remains a taboo, despite the increasing number of
sexual activities among college students. The study sought to find out college students attitude towards premarital sex
and the implication of guidance and counselling. It was guided by the social learning theory. Using a descriptive survey
design data was collected through personally delivered questionnaire to 452 students who were randomly selected
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respondents were liberal about premarital sex and viewed it as a normal act that should not attract criticism. A total of
194 or 43% were conservative and believed that it is against the norms of society and the teachings of the church.
Factors associated with premarital sex, include love, peer pressure, drug abuse and economic factors. Counselling was
seen as the best strategic to handle sex issues, but was not effective due to stigma associated with premarital sex. The
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Effects of community-based care on quality of life among adolescent and young...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Studies have been conducted on the Ebola virus epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa, but few have
looked at how community-based care affects the quality of life of adolescent and young adult Ebola survivors in
the Democratic Republic of Congo, the focus of our study. The study was carried out in eastern Democratic
Republic of the Congo's North-Kivu province using mixed method quasi-experimental study design. The study
was carried out after the Ebola outbreak of 2018-2020.Participants were 10 to 24-year-old Ebola Virus Disease
(EVD) adolescent and young adult survivors. Quantitative data was collected at the baseline and endline of the
intervention. After the intervention, there was a 13.03% improvement in quality of life. Compared to the baseline,
Ebola survivors had a 1.58 (p=0.036) higher likelihood of having a good quality of life. Difference-in-difference
estimator was also 1.89(p=0.036), indicating interaction. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that social
support 2.19 (p=0.04) and confusion 0.26 (p=0.001) were variables that influenced the quality of life among
adolescent and young adult Ebola survivors. The study demonstrated that the quality of life of adolescent and
young adult Ebola survivors is significantly improved by community-based care.
KEYWORDS: Adolescent, Community-based Care, Ebola Virus Disease, Quality of life, Young adult.
An analysis of uptake in hiv voluntary counselling and testing services case ...Alexander Decker
This study examined the uptake of voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT) services among students at Mount Kenya University in Kenya. The study found that only 18.4% of students had undergone VCT, despite 90% of HIV prevention programs targeting youth. Key reasons for low uptake included fear of positive results and stigma. The study surveyed 283 students and found that 76% had undergone VCT, with curiosity, seeking early treatment, and determining a partner's faithfulness as top reasons for uptake. Fear of positive results, stigma, and low risk perception were top reasons for non-uptake. The study concludes that VCT centers need to be more youth-friendly to improve uptake among university students.
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IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
1) The study examined the applicability of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model to predict condom use among sexually active adolescents in schools in Mbarara, Uganda.
2) Structural equation modeling found that the model predicted condom use for boys but not girls. For boys, subjective norms were predictive, while for girls only non-significant trends were found.
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Gaps in Sexual Assault Health Care Among Homeless Young Adults.pdfsdfghj21
This document summarizes a study examining gaps in sexual assault health care among homeless young adults in the United States. The study surveyed 1,405 homeless young adults aged 18-26 across 7 cities. It found high rates of sexual assault (22%) and forced sex (24%) among participants. However, only 29% of those forced to have sex received a post-sexual assault medical examination. The study aims to identify barriers and facilitators to receiving post-assault care in order to improve prevention and healthcare services for this at-risk population.
1) The document discusses gaps in post-sexual assault healthcare among homeless young adults. It reports on a study of 1,405 young adults aged 18-26 across 7 US cities.
2) The study found high rates of sexual assault (22%) and forced sex (24%) among participants. However, only 29% of those forced to have sex received post-assault medical care.
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This study assessed the knowledge and attitudes regarding care of patients with HIV/AIDS among 207 nurses working at BPKIHS, Nepal. The study found that the majority (92.3%) of nurses had moderately adequate knowledge of HIV/AIDS patient care. Over half (50.7%) of nurses reported having a favorable attitude toward caring for HIV/AIDS patients. No significant associations were found between knowledge, attitude, and socio-demographic or training variables. Knowledge was found to have a significant positive correlation with attitude. The study concluded that nurses generally have adequate knowledge and favorable attitudes, but continuous education is still needed to ensure non-stigmatizing, high-quality care of HIV/AIDS patients.
This document discusses three studies that compare the effectiveness of peer-led education versus teacher-led education in changing adolescents' attitudes towards risky sexual behaviors. Study 1 was a systematic review that found one of six teacher-led interventions and two of eight peer-led interventions showed some behavioral improvements. Study 2 was a cluster randomized controlled trial in Mexico that found HIV knowledge improved in intervention groups but condom use and sexual behaviors did not change. Study 3 evaluated a peer-led HIV prevention program in Mongolia but provided no details. Overall the studies provided limited evidence about the relative impact of peer-led versus teacher-led approaches.
This document summarizes three studies that evaluated the effectiveness of peer-led versus teacher-led sex education for adolescents. Study 1 was a systematic review that found peer-led interventions were more accepted by adolescents and better improved sexual knowledge, but both approaches had limited effects on behavior. Study 2 evaluated an HIV prevention program in Mexican schools and found it did not reduce risk behavior. Study 3 evaluated a 3-year peer education program in Mongolian schools and found it improved knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy regarding safe sex practices among students. In conclusion, peer-led interventions showed potential but longer term programs are needed to effectively promote safer sexual behaviors in adolescents.
Impact of Peer Educational Programme and Gender on Biology Students’ Knowledg...iosrjce
The document summarizes a study that examined the impact of a peer education program and gender on biology students' knowledge of HIV/AIDS concepts in selected secondary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria. It found that a peer education instructional strategy had a significant positive effect on students' knowledge, while gender did not have a significant main effect. The interaction between treatment and gender also did not have a significant effect on knowledge. The study recommends the adoption of peer education programs by biology teachers and curriculum planners.
Jordanian school counselors had a moderate level of knowledge about diabetes according to a study that surveyed 295 counselors. Female counselors and those who knew someone with diabetes displayed greater knowledge than other groups. Counselors overall held favorable attitudes toward students with diabetes, and knowing an affected student did not influence their attitudes. The study aimed to assess knowledge and perceptions of diabetes among school counselors in Jordan.
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A Survey of Sexual Knowledge, Attitudes, Desire and Behavior among University Students
1. International Multispecialty Journal of Health (IMJH) ISSN: [2395-6291] [Vol-2, Issue-6, June- 2016]
Page | 1
A Survey of Sexual Knowledge, Attitudes, Desire and Behavior
among University Students
Yi-Chieh Lee, PhD 1
, Jia-Yi Hung, PhD 2
, Jian-Kang Chao, MD, PhD3
*,
Ming-Der Shi 4
Su-Ching Sung, PhD 5
, Mi-Chia Ma, PhD6
, I-Hsin Candy Chao7
1
PhD, Department of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan
2
PhD, Department of Health Administration, Tzu Chi College of Technology, Hualien County, Taiwan
3
MD, PhD, Department of psychiatry, Pingtung branch, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
4
MA, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Taiwan
5
PhD, Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
6
PhD, Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
7
Faculty of Business, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Running Head: Sexual knowledge and behavior among university students
*Corresponding author: Jian-Kang Chao, MD, Ph.D.
Abstract—Sexual health (SH) and sexual behavior of young people have become a growing public
concern. But few studies have been conducted to investigate the prevalence and psychosocial correlates
of this phenomenon.
Purpose: To understand college students’ sexual knowledge (SK), sexual attitudes (SA), sexual desire
(SD) and sexual behavior (SB).
Methods: A self-reported questionnaire survey on SK, SA, SD, and SB was conducted among 520
university students. Their demographic data, SK, SA, SD, and SB were assessed.
Results: A total of 500 students completed the questionnaire. The SKS total score had a mean of 23.05;
105 (21.0%) subjects had had premarital sex; 121 (24.2%) had a partner; 117 (23.4%) had a medical
educational background. The results demonstrated an increased risk of premarital sex amongst males
and subjects with the risk factors of smoking, drinking, having a partner, and having higher levels of SD
and SK and more open SA.
Conclusions: This study provides support for the idea that university students lack SK (especially
regarding contraception knowledge), even though the students had a medical educational background.
Additionally, a considerable amount of them engaged in premarital SB. Our findings also suggest that
university students need sex education, particularly in combining sexuality with their life, in relating to
others maturely as a sexual individual, in employing contraception, and in preventing sexually
transmitted diseases (STDs). Our study suggests that interventions aimed at expanding university
students’ SK and other related skills are required.
Keywords-- University students; Sexual behavior; Sexual knowledge; Sexual attitude
I. INTRODUCTION
Problems resulting from sexual activity, such as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), unwanted
pregnancies, have been increasing among young people. Jones data reports that men who pay for sex in
Britain remain at greater risk of STI acquisition and onward transmission than men who do not. They
also point out high numbers of partners, but the minority is paid partners. They are an important core
group in sexually transmitted infection transmission.1
2. International Multispecialty Journal of Health (IMJH) ISSN: [2395-6291] [Vol-2, Issue-6, June- 2016]
Page | 2
STDs, especially human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS), are one of the most imperative and urgent public health concerns facing governors
and the public all over the world. A study showed that the SB of adolescents is highly related to various
public health issues.2
For instance, sexual intercourse without protection among adolescents leads to
unexpected pregnancies, abortions, pregnancy-related problems, and STDs including HIV/AIDS.3
By 2011, the number of HIV patients had risen to 22,020 (8,413 of whom had developed full-blown
AIDS with 3,360 deaths) in Taiwan. An analysis of risk factors showed that highest proportion (72.2% )
of HIV infections was a result of unsafe sexual transmission with men who have sex with men (MSM).
Second largest proportion (17%) of infections was heterosexual contact4
In the last decade, adolescents
were found to undertake sexual activity at a younger age.5
Young generations in Taiwan have become increasingly broadminded about sex and are becoming more
and more sexually active. One-night stand has become prevalent among adolescents, where many of
them meet through the Internet. With the documented prevalence of an earlier sexual debut, multiple
partners, lack of consistent condom use and the subsequent increase of STDs among adolescents. And in
the absence of vaccine and effective anti-retroviral drugs, prevention of risky sexual behavior remains
an essential intervention strategy. With the increased opening up of society, more young people have
more open SA and SB, but their knowledge of sexuality has not improved accordingly, especially
regarding the use of contraceptive methods or safe sex. This has resulted in more pregnancies out of
wedlock and STIs. Therefore, educational institutions need to pay more attention to exploring the
phenomenon and further improving knowledge and awareness of sexuality. The purposes of this study
were to (1) understand the SK, SA, SD, and SB of college students; (2) probe the current knowledge
status of students regarding safe sex for the propose a plan for improvement; (3) analyze the impact of
students’ sexual experiences to investigate why premarital sex occurs; (4) explore the impact of obesity
on students’ SB and SD.
II. METHODOLOGY
A cross-sectional community based observational descriptive study was conducted about SK, SA, SD,
and SB among college students of Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tzu Chi College
of Technology, and National Dong Hwa University carried out in 2013. Data for this study was
collected from 500 students studying in 3 universities in north and eastern of Taiwan. The scientific
committee which includes ethical review board of Chang Gung University of Science and Technology
has approved the proposal and was in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants had
given informed written consent.
Undergraduate students enrolled in Taiwan universities in 2013 academic year were included for the
study. Purposive sampling was used. The participants were not limited to specific departments, but had
to be over 20 years old.
2.1 Procedure
Self-reported questionnaire was used for data collection. There was a cover letter on the questionnaire
describing the purpose of the study and stressing the confidentiality of the given information. The IRB
consent form was signed by the participants before they started to fill out the questionnaire. The
participants were asked to indicate their height, weight, body mass index (BMI), lifestyle, SA, SK, SD,
3. International Multispecialty Journal of Health (IMJH) ISSN: [2395-6291] [Vol-2, Issue-6, June- 2016]
Page | 3
and SB in the questionnaire. The participants were placed in a quiet room to complete the anonymous
self-administered survey.
2.2 Assessment instruments
Following instruments were used in this study
Demographic questionnaire
This questionnaire included 16 items, which were mainly of multiple choices. There were 16
demographic items, including gender, age, relationship condition, educational category, religion,
cardiovascular disease (CVD) history, smoking and drinking habits, awareness of one’s health
condition, relation to a partner, and so forth. Data were gathered using self-reported questionnaires and
in-person interviews. Data on height, weight and BMI, were recorded by the researcher. BMI is a
statistical measurement defined as the body weight (in kilograms) divided by the square of the height (in
meters). The Taiwanese Department of Health (DOH) defines overweight as a person’s BMI is greater
than 24 and obese as one’s BMI is greater than 27. These definitions differ from those of WHO-Asia,
which defines overweight as a person’s BMI greater than 23 and obese as one’s BMI greater than 25.6
The Taiwanese obesity definition was used in this study.
Sexual Knowledge Scale (SKS) and Sexual Attitudes Scale (SAS)
The SKS and SAS, developed by Lin,7,8
were utilized to measure SK and SA constructs. The
Cronbach’s alpha of SKS was 0.80, and the Cronbach’s alpha for SAS was 0.71.
Sexual Desire Inventory (SDI)
The Chinese version of SDI (SDI-C) was based on Spector’s 14-item SDI,9,10
and it was used to
measure SD in this study. Based on the factor analysis results of Lee et al, the 14-item scale was
categorized into 3 factors, namely solitary, dyadic, and mixed factors. The fit indices were p=0.68 and
GFI=0.93 for the 3-factor model.
Sexual Behavior Scale (SBS)
The SBS includes 13 items concerning social as well as physical sexual activity in terms of frequency.
The frequency of sexual activity may be chosen from never, less than once per month, once to twice
monthly, once weekly, and daily during the past year, whilst sexual activity includes hugging, holding
hands, embracing, kissing, caressing, masturbation and sexual intercourse.11
2.3 Statistical Analysis
Univariate descriptive statistics included the frequency of distributions for categorical demographic
variables with means and standard deviations for measurement of SB, SD, SK and SA. Associations was
inferred by Chi-square test. Some of each demographic variables were not in a normal distribution, so
Mann-Whitney U (M-W U) test or Kruskal-Wallis H (K-W H) test were used to find out the difference
in means. Data analyses were conducted with SPSS for Windows version 18 (SPSS, Chicago Illinois,
USA). The divergence among groups was considered significant if the p-value was less than 0.05.
III. RESULTS
3.1 Subject characteristics
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Subjects were between 20 to 27 years old with mean age 20.71 ± 0.96 years with M:F ratio1:2.8. Of the
500 participants, 121(24.2%) had a sexual partner , 383 (76.6%) participants had a medical educational
background, 74 (14.8%) of the participants performed at least once heterosexual oral sex in the previous
month and about 105 (21.0%) had at least one penetrative vaginal intercourse in the last month.
Approximately 7.2% of subjects were obese and 61.0% of subjects had a religious belief. About 12.0%
of the participants had a drinking habit and 4.6% had a smoking habit (Table 1)
Table 1
Descriptive Characteristics of the Study Population
Characteristics Number (N=500) Percentage (%)
Gender Male 131 26.2
Female 369 73.8
Religious belief Yes 305 61.0
No 195 39.0
BMI <27 464 92.8
> 27 36 7.2
Medical Educational Background Yes 383 76.6
No 117 23.4
Smoking Yes 23 4.6
No 477 95.4
Drinking Yes 60 12
No 440 88
Partner Yes 121 24.2
No 179 75.8
Intercourse Yes 105 21
No 395 79
BMI=body mass index
3.2 Sexual knowledge
Sexual knowledge was tested with 30 items. Scores were calculated by gaining one point for every
correctly answered question (Table 2). Only 3 (~0.6%) of the 500 participants correctly answered all 30
questions. The results showed a SK mean score of 23.05 ± 4.46, which is fairly low. Knowledge of
contraception was very low, especially low on the item asking if pregnancy is possible two weeks before
the menstrual cycle (the correct answer rate was only 23.8%). The second lowest item is “whether oral
contraceptives should not be taken only before every sexual intercourse” (the correct answer rate was
only 47.0%) (Table 2).
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Table 2
Correct Sexual Knowledge wise distribution of Study Population (N=500)
S. No. Characteristics Percentage (%)
A Knowledge of Reproduction
1 Fetus’s gender is decided by the sperm 73.8
2 Pregnancy is impossible if the sperm do not enter the vagina 50.4
3 Women in the post-menstrual cycle have reproductive capability 73
4 Men less than 16 years old still have reproductive capability 69.6
5 Women in the early period of pregnancy have no menstruation 83.8
6 Sperm is not produced by the penis 73.8
7 Whether pregnancy is achieved or not is related to the wife and husband 96.6
8 Pregnancy is possible if intercourse does not reach a climax 88.8
9 There may be a small amount of sperm even if the sexual ability is normal 79.6
10 Reproductive ability is unrelated to the size of the penis 86.6
B Knowledge of Contraception
1 Oral contraceptives should not be taken only before every sexual intercourse 47
2 The condom is used to prevent sperm from entering the vagina 92
3 All contraceptive methods are not 100% effective 88
4 Sperm can survive in the vagina about 2~3 days 73.4
5 We can buy oral contraceptives and condoms in the drug store 85.6
6 Pregnancy is possible if intercourse occurs only once 83.6
7 Pregnancy is possible if the female menstrual cycle is irregular 61.2
8 Pregnancy is possible if intercourse occurs during the two weeks before the MC 23.8
C Knowledge of Sexual Health
1 Women should take a shower during their menstruation period 82
2 Masturbation is not harmful 56.2
3 Sperm cannot be transformed into blood and is not a source of power 70
4 Nocturnal emissions will not affect health and sexual ability 67.2
5 Consanguineous marriage will lead to a high possibility of a defective fetus 86.8
6 The probability of pregnancy for women with normal sexual intercourse decreases with
age, especially after 35 years old
67.8
D Knowledge of AIDS
1 AIDS may be transmitted to anyone, not only among homosexuals 94.8
2 Mothers with HIV will transmit AIDS to the fetus 88.6
3 AIDS will be transmitted by sharing needles 92.4
4 AIDS is not transmitted by speaking with, shaking hands with, hugging an HIV carrier 88.4
5 The probability of transmitting AIDS can be reduced by using a condom 89.2
6 HIV carriers look like normal people 91
Mean score: 23.05 ± 4.46
3.3 Association of Medical educational background and Sexual activity with other variables
When relationship between age, BMI, Sexual attitude, sexual desire, sexual knowledge with sexual
intercourse and medical education background of study population was revealed sexual intercourse was
found significant in all studied variables except with knowledge of reproduction and AIDS. Likewise
medical education background was found significant in all studied variables except with BMI and
Sexual desire.
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In general, the non-sexual intercourse students had a low level of SD (including total scores, solitary,
dyadic and comparative items), SK (including total scores, contraception and sexual health items) and
more conservative SA. The participants with sexual intercourse experience had a significantly higher
level of SK, SD and more open SA (p < 0.05) (Table 3)
Table 3
Relationship between age, BMI, sexual attitude, sexual desire, sexual knowledge score with sexual
intercourse and medical educational background of Study Population (N=500)
Variables Sexual intercourse P value Medical Educational background P value
No (n=395) Yes (n=105) No (n=117) Yes (n=383)
BMI 21.56±3.64 21.30±3.64 0.336 a
21.95±4.03 21.37±3.50 0.231 a
Sexual attitude 23.97±3.78 25.55±2.96 <0.001 a
* 25.03±3.75 24.08±3.62 0.003 a
*
Sexual desire
total score
17.42±19.48 41.39±18.83 <0.001 a
* 26.13±24.24 21.33±20.71 0.149 a
Solitary 4.17±6.51 7.78±8.20 <0.001 a
* 5.96±7.38 4.61±6.92 0.064 a
*
Dyadic 9.37±10.55 24.52±10.59 <0.001 a
* 14.22±13.63 12.05±11.74 0.284 a
Comparative 3.87±4.32 9.09±3.97 <0.001 a
* 5.95±5.23 4.67±4.55 0.048 a
*
Sexual knowledge
total score
22.77±4.58 24.10±3.79 0.006 a
* 21.06±5.38 23.66±3.95 <0.001 a
*
Reproduction 7.71±1.79 7.96±1.50 0.343 a
7.09±2.10 7.97±1.56 <0.001 a
*
Contraception 5.45±1.47 5.90±1.25 0.005 a
* 5.11±1.68 5.68±1.33 0.001 a
*
Sexual health 4.20±1.50 4.68±1.34 0.003a
* 3.69±1.62 4.49±1.38 <0.001 a
*
AIDS 5.42±1.11 5.55±0.94 0.122 a
5.17±1.37 5.53±0.95 0.003 a
*
a
Using Mann-Whitney U test * Significantly different (p-value < 0.05)
BMI= body mass index AIDS= acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
3.4 Relation between Sexual activity with Demographic variable
When relationships between sexual intercourse and demographics variables were further analyzed it was
found that the relationships between sexual intercourse and gender (χ2
=4.494; p <0.05), smoking
(χ2
=40.687; p <0.001), drinking (χ2
=10.087; p <0.001), and having a partner (χ2
=405.914; p <0.001)
were significantly greater among the sexual intercourse subjects than among those without sexual
intercourse experience (Table 4). Because 99.7% of subjects without partner had no sexual intercourse
experience, having a partner almost predicted sexual intercourse in univariate logistic regression
analysis. Hence, after excluding having a partner, only smoking was significantly related and sexual
intercourse when gender, smoking and drinking were put in multiple logistic regression model (Table
4).
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Table 4
Logistic regression analysis of sexual intercourse and gender, smoking status, drinking status, partner
Variables Sexual intercourse Chi-square P Value
No (N=395) Yes (N=105)
Gender Male 95 (72.5) 36 (27.5) χ2
=4.494 0.034*
Female 300 (81.3) 69 (18.7)
Smoking No 389 (81.6) 88 (18.4) χ2
=40.687 <0.001*
Yes 6 (26.1) 17 (73.9)
Drinking No 357 (81.1) 83 (18.9) χ2
=10.087 <0.001*
Yes 38 (63.3) 22 (36.7)
Partner No 378(99.7) 1(0.3) χ2
=405.914 <0.001*
Yes 17(14.0) 104(86.0)
Univariate logistic regression analysis of sexual intercourse and related variables
Variables B SE P-Value OR 95% CI of OR
Gender 0.499 0.237 0.035* 1.65 (1.04, 2.62)
Smoking 2.528 0.489 <0.001* 12.53 (4.80, 32.68)
Drinking 0.912 0.294 0.002* 2.49 (1.40, 4.43)
Partner 7.746 1.035 <0.001* 2312.47 (304.19, 17579.72)
Multivariate logistic regression analysis of sexual intercourse and related variables
Variables B SE P-Value OR 95% CI of OR
Constant -1.622 0.144 <0.001
Gender 0.242 0.256 0.346 1.27 (0.77, 2.11)
Smoking 2.286 0.504 <0.001* 9.83 (3.66, 26.42)
Drinking 0.592 0.323 0.067 1.81 (0.96, 3.41)
* Significantly related (p-value < 0.05)
IV. DISCUSSION
Sexuality is an important component of health and well-being in a human’s life, but high rates of risky
SB and unplanned pregnancies have been observed amongst Taiwanese juvenile female prisoners.
Youth SB is greatly related to various public health problems.12
Tang’s study pointed out that unsafe
sexual contact among youth leads to unnecessary pregnancies, abortions, pregnancy-related problems,
and STIs, including HIV/AIDS.13
In this study, we investigated SA, SK and SB among university
students in Taiwan. The results revealed that 21.0% (105) of university students had had penetrative
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vaginal contact at least once. This number was significantly higher than that of a Beijing study in 1999,
which showed merely 17% male and 12% female university students had premarital sex experience,14
and higher than that in Chiao’s 2012 study from Taiwan, which reported that 16% of college students
had experienced premarital sex.12
However, our result was lower than that in a 2010 study, which
reported 43% of males conscripted into the military in Taiwan had experienced premarital sex,8
and
lower than that in Yip’s study of unmarried youth in Hong Kong, which reported 41.5% had
experienced premarital sex.15
In our study, the percentage of unmarried university students having a
partner was 24.2% and 76.6% of all participants had a medical educational background. As prior
research suggests,16
higher levels of SK, SA and SD were significantly related to premarital sex in
university students. Maybe a higher level of SK allowed participants to have a more open SA. In
modern world, there is easier approach to information (via the internet and social media). Students today
can get more information and interact about sex, thereby enhancing their SD and SK and allowing them
to have a more open SA. Our study results also showed that experience with cigarette smoking and
alcohol use among male university students was significantly related to premarital sex. These findings
were coherent to previous results indicating a positive relation between alcohol use and premarital
sexual activity,13
and consistent with the results of Bandason’s and Tu’s studies that found a positive
association between premarital sex and smoking.17
These studies point out that SB is related to
nonsexual risky behaviors, particularly with smoking, drinking, and drug use, so we need to consider
that risky behaviors among teenagers, such as smoking, alcohol use, drug use and unprotected SB, are
issues of main public health concern. Our data also were consistent with data from China showing that
12.6% (15.4% of males versus 8.6% of females) of responding students stated having premarital
heterosexual intercourse. 18
Present study also showed that medical-related university students had an
open SA, a high level of SK and more SD in comparative item than university students without a
medical educational background.
Sexuality is fundamental in human life, and affects behaviors, thoughts and emotions. STDs, unexpected
pregnancies and other problems resulting from sexual activity have increased among teenagers. This
study shows a SK means score of 23.05 ± 4.46, which is somewhat low; only 3 of the participants
answered all questions correctly. This lack of SK may lead to a bigger number of adolescent
pregnancies, abortions, and other depressing issues. University students both with and without a medical
educational background in this study revealed a low level of SKS. This may denote that health education
in Taiwan provides little knowledge to students on sexual issues8
.
V. CONCLUSIONS
This study examined SK, SA and SB among university students in Taiwan. The results show that the
university students lacked SK (especially regarding contraception knowledge), even though they had a
medical educational background and a considerable percentage of them were engaged in premarital SB.
There is also a cultural taboo against sex education and education about the use of contraception among
adolescents and youth, resulting in a limited availability of such information for them. The majority of
university students gain SK mainly through school education peer groups and mass media, but their
knowledge is inadequate. Without correct SK, unprotected SB is more likely to set off the increase of
HIV infection, to increased baby abortions, unwelcome childbearing, or early and unnecessary marriage.
Therefore, various interventions that aim to improving SK and related skills are required. Our findings
may provide some important information for education and promotion of sexual health.
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CONFLICT
None declared till date.
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