This document summarizes three studies that evaluated the effectiveness of peer-led versus teacher-led sex education for adolescents. Study 1 was a systematic review that found peer-led interventions were more accepted by adolescents and better improved sexual knowledge, but both approaches had limited effects on behavior. Study 2 evaluated an HIV prevention program in Mexican schools and found it did not reduce risk behavior. Study 3 evaluated a 3-year peer education program in Mongolian schools and found it improved knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy regarding safe sex practices among students. In conclusion, peer-led interventions showed potential but longer term programs are needed to effectively promote safer sexual behaviors in adolescents.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...iosrphr_editor
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call for research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, call for paper 2012, journal of pharmacy, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, research and review articles, Pharmacy journal, International Journal of Pharmacy, hard copy of journal, hard copy of certificates, online Submission, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, international journal, publishing a paper
School mediation (or peer mediation) is an effective practice for dealing with cases of in-school violence and bullying. According to the results of this retrospective research, conducted in High-Schools of the Municipality of Fyli (Athens metropolitan area, Greece), school mediation programmes contribute to: activating students wishing to help their classmates, taking responsibility and developing social/communication skills of the students involved. At the same time, it is important to point out the substantial gender differentiation in attitudes both towards incidents of in-school violence and bullying, but also to school mediation programmes. Finally, the positive response of students, who participate voluntarily beyond ordinary school hours in these programmes, is a demand for a school that responds to students’ needs.
A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme Regard...iosrjce
Adolescence is a period of preparation for undertaking greater responsibilities including healthy
responsible parenthood in future. Adolescence form prospective human resource for the society. Objectives: To
assess the knowledge level of sex education among adolescent girls before the structured teaching programme,
to assess the knowledge level of sex education among adolescent girls after the structured teaching
programme, to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme regarding sex education among the
adolescent girls, to find out the association between knowledge of adolescent girls with their demographic
variables. Methodology: Pre experimental one group pre test post test design was used. Sample size of 60 were
selected by simple random technique. The data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results : In pre test, a majority of 34(56.6%) had inadequate knowledge, 25(41.6%) had moderately adequate
knowledge, and 1(1.6%) had adequate knowledge. In post test majority of them 30(50%) had adequate
knowledge, 26(43%) had moderately adequate knowledge,4(7%) had inadequate knowledge.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...iosrphr_editor
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call for research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, call for paper 2012, journal of pharmacy, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, research and review articles, Pharmacy journal, International Journal of Pharmacy, hard copy of journal, hard copy of certificates, online Submission, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, international journal, publishing a paper
School mediation (or peer mediation) is an effective practice for dealing with cases of in-school violence and bullying. According to the results of this retrospective research, conducted in High-Schools of the Municipality of Fyli (Athens metropolitan area, Greece), school mediation programmes contribute to: activating students wishing to help their classmates, taking responsibility and developing social/communication skills of the students involved. At the same time, it is important to point out the substantial gender differentiation in attitudes both towards incidents of in-school violence and bullying, but also to school mediation programmes. Finally, the positive response of students, who participate voluntarily beyond ordinary school hours in these programmes, is a demand for a school that responds to students’ needs.
A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme Regard...iosrjce
Adolescence is a period of preparation for undertaking greater responsibilities including healthy
responsible parenthood in future. Adolescence form prospective human resource for the society. Objectives: To
assess the knowledge level of sex education among adolescent girls before the structured teaching programme,
to assess the knowledge level of sex education among adolescent girls after the structured teaching
programme, to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme regarding sex education among the
adolescent girls, to find out the association between knowledge of adolescent girls with their demographic
variables. Methodology: Pre experimental one group pre test post test design was used. Sample size of 60 were
selected by simple random technique. The data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results : In pre test, a majority of 34(56.6%) had inadequate knowledge, 25(41.6%) had moderately adequate
knowledge, and 1(1.6%) had adequate knowledge. In post test majority of them 30(50%) had adequate
knowledge, 26(43%) had moderately adequate knowledge,4(7%) had inadequate knowledge.
The Use of Problem-Based Instruction Strategy (PBIS) in Gas Laws Class: A Gen...ijtsrd
The study is an aspect of an unpublished Master thesis which employed quasi-experimental design to investigate the gender academic performance difference in chemistry among senior secondary school students in Nigeria. The study sampled 165 students and used PBIS to teach the gas laws among the sampled students. The research used Gas Law Achievement Test (GLAT) and a researcher-designed problem-based instructional material as instruments. The data obtained were analyzed using the t-test statistical analysis. Only one research question and one hypothesis guided the study. Finding reveals there was no significant difference between male and female students taught the gas laws using PBIS. The study has implications for the teaching and learning of chemistry. Popoola Rachael Adewumi | Olorundare, A. Solomon"The Use of Problem-Based Instruction Strategy (PBIS) in Gas Laws Class: A Gender Academic Performance Difference" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd171.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/171/the-use-of-problem-based-instruction-strategy-pbis-in-gas-laws-class-a-gender-academic-performance-difference/popoola-rachael-adewumi
Abstract—Sexual health (SH) and sexual behavior of young people have become a growing public concern. But few studies have been conducted to investigate the prevalence and psychosocial correlates of this phenomenon.
Purpose: To understand college students’ sexual knowledge (SK), sexual attitudes (SA), sexual desire (SD) and sexual behavior (SB).
Methods: A self-reported questionnaire survey on SK, SA, SD, and SB was conducted among 520 university students. Their demographic data, SK, SA, SD, and SB were assessed.
Results: A total of 500 students completed the questionnaire. The SKS total score had a mean of 23.05; 105 (21.0%) subjects had had premarital sex; 121 (24.2%) had a partner; 117 (23.4%) had a medical educational background. The results demonstrated an increased risk of premarital sex amongst males and subjects with the risk factors of smoking, drinking, having a partner, and having higher levels of SD and SK and more open SA.
Conclusions: This study provides support for the idea that university students lack SK (especially regarding contraception knowledge), even though the students had a medical educational background. Additionally, a considerable amount of them engaged in premarital SB. Our findings also suggest that university students need sex education, particularly in combining sexuality with their life, in relating to others maturely as a sexual individual, in employing contraception, and in preventing sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Our study suggests that interventions aimed at expanding university students’ SK and other related skills are required.
This session will provide highlights from the North Carolina School Health Education Profile Survey that was published by the Department of Public Instruction in 2013. School health and physical education, tobacco use, STDs, and other important health issues at the middle and high school levels will be discussed.
Household Demographic Predictors of Drug and Substance Abuse among High Schoo...Premier Publishers
Purpose: The accessibility, affordability, and consumption of abused drugs by the youths have attracted great concern among public health personnel. This descriptive cross-sectional study investigated household demographic predictors of drugs and substance abuse among high school students in Kisumu East Sub-County, Kisumu County.
Methods: Sample size of 434 was calculated using Yamane formula and the participants selected through Snow ball, random, cluster and stratified sampling. Descriptive data was summarized using tables while inferential statistic done using Chi square and logistic regression. Data collection done through observation and semi- structured questionnaires. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Overall, 219 (61.17%) students reported to have engaged in drug and illicit substance abuse with higher proportion reported among the Christians as compared to Islamic and Hinduism. Religion, Parental / guardian’s level of education and the person living with the student were found to significantly predict the abuse of drug and illicit substance among high school students (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Drug and illicit substance abuse remains a major public health problem among all age groups worldwide with several negative impacts. Due to its magnitude, it calls for concerted multi-sectorial effort by all stakeholders for the dream of drug free world to be achieved.
An online survey of pupils’ experiences of eating disorders - journal articlePooky Knightsmith
Background: Eating disorders (ED) have a peak rate of onset in school-aged children. Little is known about pupils’ experiences of ED within a school setting.
Method: Five hundred and eleven 11- to 19-year-old school pupils completed an online questionnaire exploring their experiences of ED (72% female, 28% male). Responses were analysed using content analysis principles.
Results: Of the participants, 38% had a current or past ED, 49% of these had never received a formal diagnosis. Of the respondents, 59% saw a need to raise ED
awareness. Only 7% would confide in a teacher about an ED.
Conclusions: Efforts are needed to break down
barriers to disclosure and support teachers to play an effective role in the detection and early intervention for
ED.
The adolescent stage is a period of turmoil marked with enormous vibrancy, discovery, innovation and hope and also the time when many of them initiate sexual relationships and involvement. This can be a challenging time for young people who are becoming aware of their sexual and reproductive rights and needs, and who rely on their families, peers, schools, media and health service providers for affirmation, advice, information and the skills to navigate is sometimes a difficult transition to adulthood. The subject on sex has been surrounded by mystery and beclouded by dark silence as neither parents nor teachers are ready to discuss it with teenagers despite unplanned pregnancies, dropping out of school by students, Sexually Transmitted Infections among teenagers. The study investigated influence of teen contraceptive use) on academic achievement among public secondary school students in Bungoma South Sub-County, Kenya. The study adopted Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory postulated in 1986. A descriptive research design was used with target population of 3774 Form 3 students. A sample of 400 students was selected using, Miller, L.R. & Brewer, J.D. (2003) mathematical formula and stratified randomly from 52 schools and conveniently selected equally between boys and girls. Data was collected using structured interview schedule and questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. Results highlights most students were aware about contraceptive use with females slightly more than males and media was the major source of information on contraceptive use while parents/guardians had no significant contribution since teenagers rarely receive their first information on sexual matters from their parents. More than half of the sexually active students used contraceptives though it still interfered with their academic performance. This paper points at sex education curriculum in schools, setting up reproductive health institutions for the youth and distribution of contraceptives among teenagers which has a bearing on students’ performance.
Effectiveness of Hand Washing Education on Knowledge among Adolescence Regard...ijtsrd
Introduction Medical evidence suggests that contaminated hands are the main transmitters of disease. Hand washing is reflected as effective hygiene promotion activities for public health in the whole world. Aim This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of hand washing education on knowledge regarding hand washing and its importance among adolescence in selected schools. Materials and methods A quantitative research approach with Pre experimental one group pretest and posttest design was used to conduct the study in selected schools of Uttar Pradesh. Non probability purposive sampling technique was employed to select 40 adolescence. A self structured knowledge questionnaire containing 30 items were used for assessing the level of knowledge among the subjects. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results The mean score of the adolescence in pretest 10.2±4.1 is lesser than the mean score in posttest 20.2±4.3, t value 18.8 which is significant P = 0.001. There was an association found between the levels of knowledge among the adolescence with their mother’s education. Conclusion The study is concluded that hand washing education is effective to enhance knowledge among adolescence regarding hand washing and its importance. Attitude and practice of adolescence regarding hand washing also can be assessed in future studies. Bince Varghese | Shamil CB | Muskan Singh | Sumati Singh | Alka Pandey | Kamini Yadav | Rakhi Yadav | Rashmi Mishra "Effectiveness of Hand Washing Education on Knowledge among Adolescence Regarding Hand Washing and its Importance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30601.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/30601/effectiveness-of-hand-washing-education-on-knowledge-among-adolescence-regarding-hand-washing-and-its-importance/bince-varghese
study of high risk behaviors and their association with personality factorsINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This paper focuses on studying the issue of risky behavior and its relation to personality factors in students. method: The sample included 100 students who were selected via cluster random sampling from among all students of the university. To collect data on Eysinck personality questionnaire and Iranian Adolescents Risk-taking Scale, Zuckerman sensation seeking inventory and Beck Depression Inventory was used .The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Finding: Pearson correlation coefficient showed that high-risk behavior personality traits of extraversion, neuroticism and psychosis-oriented, but a significant positive correlation with introversion personality characteristic and significant negative relationship. Multiple regression analysis showed that personality factors can be used to predict their risk behaviors. Conclusion: Considering the role of personality factors in high-risk tendency of people to different behavior.
The Use of Problem-Based Instruction Strategy (PBIS) in Gas Laws Class: A Gen...ijtsrd
The study is an aspect of an unpublished Master thesis which employed quasi-experimental design to investigate the gender academic performance difference in chemistry among senior secondary school students in Nigeria. The study sampled 165 students and used PBIS to teach the gas laws among the sampled students. The research used Gas Law Achievement Test (GLAT) and a researcher-designed problem-based instructional material as instruments. The data obtained were analyzed using the t-test statistical analysis. Only one research question and one hypothesis guided the study. Finding reveals there was no significant difference between male and female students taught the gas laws using PBIS. The study has implications for the teaching and learning of chemistry. Popoola Rachael Adewumi | Olorundare, A. Solomon"The Use of Problem-Based Instruction Strategy (PBIS) in Gas Laws Class: A Gender Academic Performance Difference" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd171.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/171/the-use-of-problem-based-instruction-strategy-pbis-in-gas-laws-class-a-gender-academic-performance-difference/popoola-rachael-adewumi
Abstract—Sexual health (SH) and sexual behavior of young people have become a growing public concern. But few studies have been conducted to investigate the prevalence and psychosocial correlates of this phenomenon.
Purpose: To understand college students’ sexual knowledge (SK), sexual attitudes (SA), sexual desire (SD) and sexual behavior (SB).
Methods: A self-reported questionnaire survey on SK, SA, SD, and SB was conducted among 520 university students. Their demographic data, SK, SA, SD, and SB were assessed.
Results: A total of 500 students completed the questionnaire. The SKS total score had a mean of 23.05; 105 (21.0%) subjects had had premarital sex; 121 (24.2%) had a partner; 117 (23.4%) had a medical educational background. The results demonstrated an increased risk of premarital sex amongst males and subjects with the risk factors of smoking, drinking, having a partner, and having higher levels of SD and SK and more open SA.
Conclusions: This study provides support for the idea that university students lack SK (especially regarding contraception knowledge), even though the students had a medical educational background. Additionally, a considerable amount of them engaged in premarital SB. Our findings also suggest that university students need sex education, particularly in combining sexuality with their life, in relating to others maturely as a sexual individual, in employing contraception, and in preventing sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Our study suggests that interventions aimed at expanding university students’ SK and other related skills are required.
This session will provide highlights from the North Carolina School Health Education Profile Survey that was published by the Department of Public Instruction in 2013. School health and physical education, tobacco use, STDs, and other important health issues at the middle and high school levels will be discussed.
Household Demographic Predictors of Drug and Substance Abuse among High Schoo...Premier Publishers
Purpose: The accessibility, affordability, and consumption of abused drugs by the youths have attracted great concern among public health personnel. This descriptive cross-sectional study investigated household demographic predictors of drugs and substance abuse among high school students in Kisumu East Sub-County, Kisumu County.
Methods: Sample size of 434 was calculated using Yamane formula and the participants selected through Snow ball, random, cluster and stratified sampling. Descriptive data was summarized using tables while inferential statistic done using Chi square and logistic regression. Data collection done through observation and semi- structured questionnaires. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Overall, 219 (61.17%) students reported to have engaged in drug and illicit substance abuse with higher proportion reported among the Christians as compared to Islamic and Hinduism. Religion, Parental / guardian’s level of education and the person living with the student were found to significantly predict the abuse of drug and illicit substance among high school students (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Drug and illicit substance abuse remains a major public health problem among all age groups worldwide with several negative impacts. Due to its magnitude, it calls for concerted multi-sectorial effort by all stakeholders for the dream of drug free world to be achieved.
An online survey of pupils’ experiences of eating disorders - journal articlePooky Knightsmith
Background: Eating disorders (ED) have a peak rate of onset in school-aged children. Little is known about pupils’ experiences of ED within a school setting.
Method: Five hundred and eleven 11- to 19-year-old school pupils completed an online questionnaire exploring their experiences of ED (72% female, 28% male). Responses were analysed using content analysis principles.
Results: Of the participants, 38% had a current or past ED, 49% of these had never received a formal diagnosis. Of the respondents, 59% saw a need to raise ED
awareness. Only 7% would confide in a teacher about an ED.
Conclusions: Efforts are needed to break down
barriers to disclosure and support teachers to play an effective role in the detection and early intervention for
ED.
The adolescent stage is a period of turmoil marked with enormous vibrancy, discovery, innovation and hope and also the time when many of them initiate sexual relationships and involvement. This can be a challenging time for young people who are becoming aware of their sexual and reproductive rights and needs, and who rely on their families, peers, schools, media and health service providers for affirmation, advice, information and the skills to navigate is sometimes a difficult transition to adulthood. The subject on sex has been surrounded by mystery and beclouded by dark silence as neither parents nor teachers are ready to discuss it with teenagers despite unplanned pregnancies, dropping out of school by students, Sexually Transmitted Infections among teenagers. The study investigated influence of teen contraceptive use) on academic achievement among public secondary school students in Bungoma South Sub-County, Kenya. The study adopted Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory postulated in 1986. A descriptive research design was used with target population of 3774 Form 3 students. A sample of 400 students was selected using, Miller, L.R. & Brewer, J.D. (2003) mathematical formula and stratified randomly from 52 schools and conveniently selected equally between boys and girls. Data was collected using structured interview schedule and questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. Results highlights most students were aware about contraceptive use with females slightly more than males and media was the major source of information on contraceptive use while parents/guardians had no significant contribution since teenagers rarely receive their first information on sexual matters from their parents. More than half of the sexually active students used contraceptives though it still interfered with their academic performance. This paper points at sex education curriculum in schools, setting up reproductive health institutions for the youth and distribution of contraceptives among teenagers which has a bearing on students’ performance.
Effectiveness of Hand Washing Education on Knowledge among Adolescence Regard...ijtsrd
Introduction Medical evidence suggests that contaminated hands are the main transmitters of disease. Hand washing is reflected as effective hygiene promotion activities for public health in the whole world. Aim This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of hand washing education on knowledge regarding hand washing and its importance among adolescence in selected schools. Materials and methods A quantitative research approach with Pre experimental one group pretest and posttest design was used to conduct the study in selected schools of Uttar Pradesh. Non probability purposive sampling technique was employed to select 40 adolescence. A self structured knowledge questionnaire containing 30 items were used for assessing the level of knowledge among the subjects. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results The mean score of the adolescence in pretest 10.2±4.1 is lesser than the mean score in posttest 20.2±4.3, t value 18.8 which is significant P = 0.001. There was an association found between the levels of knowledge among the adolescence with their mother’s education. Conclusion The study is concluded that hand washing education is effective to enhance knowledge among adolescence regarding hand washing and its importance. Attitude and practice of adolescence regarding hand washing also can be assessed in future studies. Bince Varghese | Shamil CB | Muskan Singh | Sumati Singh | Alka Pandey | Kamini Yadav | Rakhi Yadav | Rashmi Mishra "Effectiveness of Hand Washing Education on Knowledge among Adolescence Regarding Hand Washing and its Importance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30601.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/30601/effectiveness-of-hand-washing-education-on-knowledge-among-adolescence-regarding-hand-washing-and-its-importance/bince-varghese
study of high risk behaviors and their association with personality factorsINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This paper focuses on studying the issue of risky behavior and its relation to personality factors in students. method: The sample included 100 students who were selected via cluster random sampling from among all students of the university. To collect data on Eysinck personality questionnaire and Iranian Adolescents Risk-taking Scale, Zuckerman sensation seeking inventory and Beck Depression Inventory was used .The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Finding: Pearson correlation coefficient showed that high-risk behavior personality traits of extraversion, neuroticism and psychosis-oriented, but a significant positive correlation with introversion personality characteristic and significant negative relationship. Multiple regression analysis showed that personality factors can be used to predict their risk behaviors. Conclusion: Considering the role of personality factors in high-risk tendency of people to different behavior.
Awareness, Approach and Practice of Youth towards preclusion of Sexually Tran...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
Awareness, Approach and Practice of Youth towards preclusion of Sexually Transmitted Infections at KIU-TH, Ishaka Bushenyi District
Ahura, Alex
Department of Nursing Science, Kampala International University, Uganda.
________________________________________
ABSTRACT
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) remains a serious reproductive health problem globally. Despite this fact, youths recklessly involve in sexual activities which predisposes them to STIs which could rather be easily preventable. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of youths aged 19–24 towards prevention of STIs at KIU-TH in Ishaka Bushenyi district, Uganda. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional and quantitative methods were employed in data collection. Fifty respondents both male and female were selected using a convenient sampling method. Most respondents 30 (60%) were between 19 – 20 years, 30(60%) were students and 30(60%) were single. Knowledge towards prevention of STIs was good as majority 50(100%) understood the term STIs, 25(50%) knew HIV infection as an STIs, 50(100%) knew about transmission of STIs, 30(60%) had been sensitized and health educated about STIs prevention and majority knew condom use 30(60%) as one of the ways of preventing STIs. Attitudes were fair as majority 40(80%) believed that STIs can be dangerous and majority 40(80%) felt they could prevent STIs. Practice was poor as majority had 1-2 partners, 30(60%) and majority had their first partner at 15-17 years old 30(60%), majority of the respondents took alcohol 35(70%), majority 37(74%) reported teenage involvement in sexual relationship and 35(70%) reported alcohol as one of the most leading factors into sexual relationships, majority 33(66%) did not take precautions during sexual intercourse only 18(36%) used condoms. The study found out adequate knowledge towards STIs prevention and attitudes were fair but practices were poor.
Keywords: knowledge, attitude, practice, youth, sexually transmitted infections, Uganda
Impact of Peer Educational Programme and Gender on Biology Students’ Knowledg...iosrjce
This paper examined the impact of peer educational programme and gender on Biology students’
knowledge of HIV/AIDS concept in two selected local government area in Ekiti State. The study adopted a
pretest-posttest control group quasi experimental design. The sample consisted of 192 SSS II Biology Students
from four schools randomly selected in Ekiti States. Three instruments used were -Teachers’ Instructional
Guides for: HIV/AIDS Peer Education and Conventional Lecture Method; Biology Science Students’
Knowledge Scale (r=0.80). Three hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analyzed using
ANCOVA and mean scores. Results showed that Treatment had significant main effect on knowledge (F (2,131)
=32.62, P < .05). Gender had no significant main effect on knowledge (F (2,131) = 1.344, P > .05). (The two-way
interaction effect of treatment and gender was not significant on knowledge (F (2,131) = 1.344, P > .05). peer
education strategy is therefore, recommended to be adopted by Biology teachers and curriculum planners.
Word Count: 158
Using Everett Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations Theory an intervention for automatic STI screening for adolescents is applied to primary care settings in Baltimore, Maryland.
Adolescence is the most vulnerable period to reproductive health problems.
These problems include early pregnancy, unsafe abortion, sexually
infections transmitted (STIs) including the human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV), sexual abuse. Access for sexuality education and reproductive health
services to comprehensive and youth-friendly was limited. This study aims
to determine the effectiveness of peer educators and guidance and
counselling teachers in adolescent reproductive health level of knowledge.
This is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control
group design with treatment groups using peer educators and teacher as
control groups. The sample size was 70 respondents. Data was collected by
questionnaire that already had validity and reliability test. Data analysis used
univariate, t-test and logistic regression. The results of this study showed
that the provision of information was more effective through guidance
conselling teachers (p=0.000, exp B=14.5). This study recommends that
improve adolescents’ reproductive knowledge need to optimize the role of
guidance and counseling teachers in providing information.
Perceptions of tertiary students on the prevention of sexually transmitted di...iosrjce
The purpose of the study was to evaluate tertiary student’s sexual behaviour and their knowledge and attitudes
towards STDs, among students of University for Development Studies (UDS).
The research design: data was collected by using a quantitative survey using self-answered questionnaire, from
a sample of one hundred and thirty-four (n=134) out of a total student population of 3,881, using the simple
random sampling technique in the data gathering process.
Results/findings: out of the sample size of 134 students aged 15-44, 46.3% were males and 53.7% were females.
About 24.6%, (n=33) have ever had sex without a condom. The study revealed that 99.3% ever heard of STDs,
85.1% had either below or average knowledge about the causes of STDs, 55.2% had knowledge above average
on the prevention of STDs and more than 90% of the student sampled indicated that STDs are very common.
Interestingly, 6.7% of the sampled population said STDs are mainly female infections.
Recommendations: There is need for wider education at various levels of the educational system on STDs by
health care providers, and effective collaboration among health care providers, social activists, NGOs and
tertiary students to promote peer education on STDs prevention among students.
The Centers for Disease Control developed the Youth Risk Behavior Su.pdfamritjewellay
The Centers for Disease Control developed the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System
(YRBSS) to monitor six categories of priority health risk behaviors among youth: behaviors that
contribute to unintentional injuries and violence; tobacco use; alcohol and other drug use; sexual
behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases; unhealthy
dietary behaviors; and physical inactivity. A multistage sample design is used to produce
representative samples of students in grades 9 to 12, who then fill out a questionnaire on these
behaviors. The data below are for the questionThe Centers for Disease Control developed the
Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) to monitor six categories of priority health
risk behaviors among youth: behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries and violence;
tobacco use; alcohol and other drug use; sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended
pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases; unhealthy dietary behaviors; and physical
inactivity. A multistage sample design is used to produce representative samples of students in
grades 9 to 12, who then fill out a questionnaire on these behaviors. The data below are for the
question
Solution
Description of the System: The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System
(YRBSS) monitors six categories of priority health-risk behaviors among youth and young
adults: 1) behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries and violence; 2) tobacco use; 3)
alcohol and other drug use; 4) sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and
sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection;
5) unhealthy dietary behaviors; and 6) physical inactivity. In addition, YRBSS monitors the
prevalence of obesity and asthma. YRBSS includes a national school-based Youth Risk Behavior
Survey (YRBS) conducted by CDC and state and large urban school district school-based
YRBSs conducted by state and local education and health agencies. This report summarizes
results from the 2011 national survey, 43 state surveys, and 21 large urban school district surveys
conducted among students in grades 9–12. Results: Results from the 2011 national YRBS
indicated that many high school students are engaged in priority health-risk behaviors associated
with the leading causes of death among persons aged 10–24 years in the United States. During
the 30 days before the survey, 32.8% of high school students nationwide had texted or e-mailed
while driving, 38.7% had drunk alcohol, and 23.1% had used marijuana. During the 12 months
before the survey, 32.8% of students had been in a physical fight, 20.1% had ever been bullied
on school property, and 7.8% had attempted suicide. Many high school students nationwide are
engaged in sexual risk behaviors associated with unintended pregnancies and STDs, including
HIV infection. Nearly half (47.4%) of students had ever had sexual intercourse, 33.7% had had
sexual intercourse during the .
Son preference and fertility behavior evidence from Viet Nam - Project statementHanh To
This project seeks to contribute to the current literature of son preference and sex imbalance in Vietnam and other developing countries by extending the measure of “son preference” to birth interval, number of children and probability of using contraceptive methods.
The negative impacts of adolescent sexuality problems among secondary school ...lukeman Joseph Ade shittu
This study was conducted to focus on the negative health outcomes related to sexual behaviour in adolescents and young adults attending public school in the Oworonshoki region of Lagos, Nigeria, Africa. Since, there is a relative dearth of knowledge on adolescents who face unique and challenging economics, health and education problems in our society. Data on the socio-demographic characteristics, prevalence and knowledge towards STD including HIV/AIDS, prevalence of sexual abuse practice/sexual behaviour, family planning awareness and acceptance including abortion practice were sorted out using self structured questionnaires and administered to 60% of student’s population using a stratified random sampling technique. 55.8% lived with both parents. While, 50.3% of the mothers had basic secondary school qualifications, 72.4% of them are traders. 61.5% had sex education were from misinformed friends/peers while 51% had no basic knowledge about sexual behavioral practice and attitude towards STDs/AIDS (HIV). STD has a prevalence of 34 and 41% of boys used condoms for preventing STI/HIV transmission and unwanted pregnancies. One out of every five sexually active teenagers has experienced forced sex, especially among the circumcised girls who were more sexually active than the uncircumcised girls. 60% of girls between ages of 12 and 18 years had more than one unsafe abortion with severe vaginal bleeding (haemorrhage) as the chief complication. However, 65% of the girls did abortion for fear of leaving school and financial hardship as the reasons.
11.a study of sexually experienced unmarried men in india
EBQ Presentation
1. Does peer-led education to promote safe sex, compared to
teacher-led education, change adolescents (12-19 years)
attitudes towards risky sexual behaviours?
By
Laud Dei
Brunel University
School of Health Sciences and Social Care
Changing Health Behaviours and Educating Communities
2. Outline
Meaning of Acronyms Used
Introduction
Rationale
Aim
Search Strategy
Setting
Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
Selected Studies
Limitations
Conclusion
Recommendations
Questions
References
3. Meaning of Acronyms Used
AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
STD Sexually Transmitted Disease
STI Sexually Transmitted Infection
RCT Randomised Controlled Trial
CBA Controlled Before and After Studies
cRCT Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial
UNAIDS Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
WHO World Health Organisation
4. Introduction
The World Health Organisation (WHO) define adolescents as persons
between 10 and 19 years of age (WHO, 1998), but for the purposes of this
presentation, adolescents will be defined as persons between age 12 and 19
years.
In many countries, regardless of the level of development or well-being, there
is the lack of information and services to protect youth from sexually
transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS (United Nations 2003).
The most vulnerable groups within any population, who due to some
circumstances, for example peer-pressure, engage in a variety of risky sexual
behaviours and often are less likely to seek prevention, counselling, testing
and care are adolescents aged 12-19 years (WHO, 2006).
5. In developing countries approximately 60% of new HIV infections occur
among 15–19 year-olds, and a similar proportion of pregnancies and births to
adolescents are unintended.
In industrialized countries, the incidence of STIs among youth is increasing
(Darroch, Singh and Frost, 2001).
In the U.S for example, sexual risk behaviour accounts for the majority of HIV
infections in youth, and has led to epidemic rates of STIs among 13 to 19 year
olds (Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 2000).
In the UK, adolescents aged 16-19 years were amongst the age group most at
risk of being diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection, accounting for
65% of all chlamydia, 50% of genital warts and 50% of gonorrhoea infections
(Health Protection Agency, 2007).
Introduction cont’d
6. Age distribution of chlamydia and genital warts by sex, UK 2007
Source: Health Protection Agency Report, 2007
7. Source: UNICEF/MICS & Measure DHS, 1999-2001
Have heard of AIDSHave heard of AIDS
Have sufficient knowledge to protect themselvesHave sufficient knowledge to protect themselves
94
27
91
4
97
14
94
37
97
33
93
4 13
3
96
17
93
16
43
2
90
16
99
23
70
5
81
18
84
15
59
16
72
5
59
5
90
26
% of young women (aged 15–24) who have heard of AIDS and have sufficient
knowledge to protect themselves
8. Introduction cont’d
So how can adolescents be helped to take control of their lives?
Peer education is currently one of the most widely adopted health
promotion strategies used with young people, and is almost universally
represented as effective (Price and Knibbs, 2008).
It originated in British schools in the 19th century, with pupils appointed
as monitors to pass on what they had learned from their teachers to
younger classes (Parkin and McKeganey, 2000).
They seek to utilise the positive aspects of adolescent peer groups by
helping them learn from each other.
Researchers have confirmed that peer-led interventions are more effective
at changing young people’s behaviour than non-peer-led interventions
(Milburn, 1995).
9. Rationale
Peer-led and teacher-led sex educations in schools are widely used as
behavioural change strategies to change adolescents attitudes towards early
sexual activity, and have been implemented by countries across the world, in
an effort to change their risky sexual behaviours.
However, there is uncertainty regarding the effects of these interventions,
and hence the need to appraise their evidence-base.
Aim
To compare peer-led education to promote safe sex to teacher-led sex
education, towards changing adolescents (12-19 years) attitudes towards
risky sexual behaviours.
Setting
Due to the nature of the interventions being compared, and the age of the
participants, only studies performed in a school setting were considered the
most appropriate.
10. Search Strategy- Databases Searched
Pubmed
Cochrane
Medline via OvidSP
ERIC
CINAHL Plus
Web of Knowledge
11. Search Strategy Cont’d- Search Terms Used
1. Adolescent or Adolescence or Youth or Child or Pupil or Student or
School
2. ((Peer (support or education or counselling or educator or counsellor
or led)) or Peer-mentoring intervention
3. Sex Education or STD Control or STI Control or peer risk reduction
or safer-sex or unprotected sex or unprotected sexual intercourse or
unprotected sexual practice or unprotected sexual behaviour or
Condoms or Sexual Abstinence or Safe Sex
4. Combine 1 and 2 and 3
12. Search Strategy Cont’d- Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
Number of Studies Generated
115 studies were generated 80 studies were excluded
35 studies were selected and screened 3 selected
Studies which included a wide range of participants, and included the 12-19
year olds, data related to this age group alone were considered.
Types of Studies Included
The following study designs were considered for inclusion:
Randomised Controlled Trials
Systematic Reviews
Controlled Before and After
13. Titles of Studies Selected
Study 1:- Systematic Review of Interventions to Prevent the Spread of
Sexually Transmitted Infections, Including HIV, Among Young
People in Europe by Lazarus (2010)
Study 2:- HIV prevention in Mexican schools: prospective
randomised evaluation of intervention by Walker et al (2006)
Study 3:- Effectiveness of an HIV Prevention Program for Secondary
School Students in Mongolia by Rosario et al. (2006).
14. Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome (P.I.C.O) Formulation
Population: Adolescents (12-19 years)
Intervention: Peer-Led Education
Comparison : Teacher- Led Education
Outcome: Change in attitude towards risky sexual behaviour
15. Methodological Quality and Data Extraction
CASP tools used were questions validated by Solutions for Public
Health (SPH).
10 CASP questions for Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) and
Systematic Reviews (SR) were used to assess the methodological
quality and validity of selected studies.
16. Study 1:
Systematic Review of Interventions to Prevent the Spread of Sexually
Transmitted Infections, Including HIV, Among Young People in Europe by
Lazarus (2010)
Objective
To examine the effectiveness of interventions seeking to prevent the spread
of sexually transmitted infections including HIV, among young people in
the European Union
Selection Criteria
Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) and Evaluations of behaviour risk
interventions were searched. 40 articles were generated out of which 21
were eliminated. This included studies done in other European languages.
Outcome Measure
Changes in condom use
Reduced/increased frequency of unprotected sexual intercourse
Reduced/increased number of sexual partners
Delayed/accelerated initiation of intercourse
Taking STI test and/or using STI services
17. Study 1:
Systematic Review of Interventions to Prevent the Spread of Sexually
Transmitted Infections, Including HIV, Among Young People in Europe by
Lazarus (2010). Cont’d
Results
Teacher Intervention
1 out of 6 teacher interventions showed a behavioural change. 1215 student
from 10th
and 11th
grades were randomly assigned an intervention and control
groups
Slight improvement in condom use only in the intervention group (baseline
22% vs follow-up 26%, P < 0.05)
Peer Intervention
5 of 8 peer interventions were school based.
3 studies report acceptability of the intervention
2 peer-led studies reported some behavioural improvement.
Limitation(s)
Designs used in most studies reviewed were inappropriate.
18. Study 2: HIV prevention in Mexican schools: prospective randomised
evaluation of intervention (Walker, 2006)
Objective
To assess effects of condom use and other sexual behaviour of an HIV
prevention programme at school that promotes the use of condoms with
and use without emergency contraception.
Study Design
Cluster Randomised Controlled Trials (cRCTs) of 40 public high schools
randomised into 3 arms in the state of Morelos in Mexico.
Participating schools were selected using stratified random sampling.
10th
to 12th
grades students ages 15-18 years randomly selected.
10 of the 40 schools were randomised as control schools and continued
with biology based sex education.
15 schools received the HIV education course with condom promotion
and 15 schools had the same course and a module on emergency
contraception and improved access to such contraception.
19. Study 2: HIV prevention in Mexican schools: prospective randomised
evaluation of intervention (Walker, 2006)
106 teacher received a 40 hour training session for one week, for a 16
weeks sex education session.
Sample size : 10,954 students at baseline. 9,372 students immediately
after intervention, (1,582 drop between baseline and first follow-up), and
7,308 students at one follow-up (2,064 drop between second follow-up
and third follow-up).
Results
Intervention did not affect reported condom use. Knowledge of HIV
improved in both intervention arms and knowledge of emergency
contraception improved in the condom promotion with contraception
arm. Reported sexual behaviour was similar in the intervention arms and
the control group.
20. Study 2: Limitation(s)
Though teachers were trained and closely monitored, observations of
classes was limited.
No measure of student attendance at the course.
Although the course was intensive and longer than the recommended
14 hours (it was 30 hours), it was not followed up or reinforced the
after 1 year.
Although the questionnaires were anonymous, confidential, and
completed in the presence of adults, privacy may not have been
optimal.
Attrition at follow-up may have caused some loss of power
21. Study 3: Effectiveness of an HIV Prevention Program for Secondary
School Students in Mongolia by Rosario et al. (2006).
Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness of a 3-year human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) prevention program for adolescents attending secondary school in
Mongolia.
Method
Design: Randomised Controlled Trial
16-18 students were selected to complete a 3-day training in Reproductive
health; AIDS and STI transmission, symptoms and prevention and Safe
sex including how to use condoms.
Intervention length 3 years. Age of participants- students 15-19 years
45 participants were randomly selected from 8 schools using the random
number table.
720 students in 10th
grade randomly selected with peer education
prevention program (Intervention). 647 students in 10th
grade randomly
selected from 8 schools without the peer education (Control).
Intervention were already exposed to the intervention for 3 years
22. Results
Knowledge attitude and self-efficacy levels are statistically significantly
higher among students attending schools with peer education programs
relative to students from schools without such programs.
Sexual practices were safer, though not statistically significant, likely due to
the small size of the sexually active subgroup.
Students from schools where the peer education program was delivered by
small teams were statistically significantly more likely to engage in safer sex,
relative to their peers in schools without peer education programs.
Study 3: Effectiveness of an HIV Prevention Program for Secondary
School Students in Mongolia by Rosario et al. (2006). Cont’d
23. Limitation and Strengths of Study 3
Limitation(s)
Due to resource (money and time) constrains peer educators had only
3 days training.
No control over which schools were selected to have the program and
unable to identify the factors used to determine in which schools the
program had been implemented.
Strength(s)
Intervention was done over a longer period (3-years)
Researchers ensured that program and nonprogram schools were
matched on the basis of likely confounders
Contamination was limited by excluding schools closer to the
intervention.
24. Conclusion for selected studies
Study 1: Participants were more accepting of peer-led than teacher -led
interventions. Peer-led interventions were also more successful in
improving sexual knowledge.
Both interventions influence on actual sexual behaviour were limited and
could not clearly reduce sexual risk behaviours.
Study 2: The rigorously designed, implemented, and evaluated HIV
education course for teachers in public high schools did not reduce risk
behaviour, so such courses need to be redesigned and evaluated.
Addition of emergency contraception did not decrease reported condom
use or increase risky sexual behaviour but did increase reported use of
emergency contraception.
25. Conclusion for selected studies- Cont’d
Study 3: Study demonstrated that, after three years of delivery, grade 10
secondary school students were more knowledgeable, had less traditional
attitudes, and had a greater sense of their self-efficacy.
Broader implementation of peer education programs in the school system
is justified as these programs have the potential to inform the students
about the risk factors associated with unsafe sexual practices.
26. Recommendations
Even though knowledge may help improve health-seeking behaviour, long
term peer-led interventions are needed to effectively increase safer sex
among adolescents.
The gap between baseline study and follow-up should be longer in peer-
led interventions, since behavioural change takes time.
Peer education programs, particularly those that are managed by small
teams, appear effective in promoting safer sexual behaviours and should be
implemented more broadly.
Additional studies needed to further confirm its viability.
Peer-led strategies need to be reviewed to take place over a longer period
to change risky sexual behaviour among adolescents.
29. References
Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) Tools Available at:
http://www.unisa.edu.au/cahe/resources/cat/default.asp. Accessed 28/01/12
Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (2000) U.S. HIV and AIDS cases reported through June 2000. HIV/AIDS
Surveillance Report. 2000;12:1–44
Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (2000) Sexually transmitted disease surveillance.
CASP Tools www.sph.nhs.uk/sph-files/casp-appraisal-tools. Accessed 28/01/12
Darroch JE, Singh S and Frost JJ, (2001) Differences in teenage pregnancy rates among five developed countries: the
roles of sexual activity and contraceptive use, Family Planning Perspectives, 2001, 33(6):244–250 & 281.
Health Protection Agency (2008) Sexually Transmitted Infections And Young People in the United Kingdom: 2008
Report.
http://www.unicef.org/lifeskills/index_10471.html. Accessed 28/01/12
Kim, R and Free, C (2008) Recent Evaluations of the Peer-Led Approach in Adolescent Sexual Health Education: A
Systematic Review. International Family Planning Perspectives Volume 34, No. 2, June 2008
Kinsler J, Sneed C, Morisky D, Ang A. (2004) Evaluation of a school-based intervention for HIV/AIDS prevention
among Belizean adolescents. Health Educ.Res. 2004;19(6):730-8.
Milburn K. (1995) A critical review of peer education with young people with special reference to sexual health.
Health Educ Res 1995; 10: 407–20.
Pedlow, C and Carey, M (2004) Developmentally-Appropriate Sexual Risk Reduction Interventions for Adolescents:
Rationale, Review of Interventions, and Recommendations for Research and Practice; Annals of Behavioural
Medicine Vol.27, (3), 172-184
30. References
Parkin S, McKeganey N. (2000). The rise and rise of peer education approaches. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy 7:
31–39.
Pandey G. K , (2005) Interventions to modify sexual risk behaviours for preventing HIV infection in street children
and young people in developed countries, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2005, Issue 4, No.
CD005480.
Price, N and Knibbs, S (2008) How Effective is Peer Education in Addressing Young People’s Sexual and
Reproductive Health Needs in Developing Countries? CHILDREN & SOCIETY VOLUME 23, (2009) pp. 291–302
Rector, R. E., Johnson, K. A., Noyes, L. R., Martin, S. (2003) The Harmful Effects of Early Sexual Activity and
Multiple Sexual Partners among Women: A Book of Charts. Washington, D.C: Heritage Foundation; 2003
Rosario G. Cartagena, Paul J. Veugelers, Walter Kipp, Khishgee Magigav, Lory M. Laing (2006) Effectiveness of
an HIV Prevention Program for Secondary School Students in Mongolia; Journal of Adolescent Health - December
2006 (Vol. 39, Issue 6, Pages 925.e9-925.e16, DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.07.017)
World Youth Report, (2005) Young people today, and in 2015. New York, NY, United Nations, 2005.
World Health Organisation, (2006) Global strategy for the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections:
2006–2015 Key messages.
Walker D, Gutierrez J, Torres P, Bertozzi S. (2006). HIV prevention in Mexican schools: prospective randomised
evaluation of intervention. BMJ.British medical journal (Clinical research ed.) 2006;332(7551):1189-94.
United Nations World Youth Report (2003), The global situation of young people. South African Med Journal
2003(5).
Editor's Notes
The majority of women that have heard of HIV/AIDS do not have sufficient knowledge to protect themselves.
“Sufficient knowledge” to protect one’s self from HIV/AIDS is defined as knowing three major ways to help prevent transmission (Abstain from sex, Use a condom every time, Have one faithful uninfected partner), and knowing the facts behind three major misconceptions (AIDS is not transmitted by supernatural means, AIDS is not transmitted by mosquito bites, A healthy looking person can be infected).
Young people and HIV/AIDS, Opportunity in Crisis. UNICEF, UNAIDS, WHO, 2002.
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, UNICEF. Demographic and Health Survey, Macro Int.