This study assessed depression levels in medical students in India using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scale and its relationship to psycho-wellness as measured by the Modified MINI Scale (MMS). The study found that 30.5% of 230 medical students screened had depression, with 21% having moderate to severe depression. Depression levels were highest in students in the red zone of psycho-wellness on the MMS, followed by the orange zone, and lowest in the green zone. The results suggest an association between poorer psycho-wellness and higher rates and severity of depression in medical students.
Professional Students from Different Areas in relation to depressionIOSR Journals
Abstract:
Background: The purpose of the study was to assess and compare depression among professional students
from different areas.
Methods: For the purpose of the study, 150 professional students from different areas (50 B.C.A Students, 50
Engineering Students & 50 Physical Education Students) were selected randomly on the basis of stratified
random sampling. The subjects were selected from M.D.Univerity Rohtak. The age level of the subjects ranged
from 18 to 25 years. Keeping the feasibility criterion in mind, the depression variable was selected for the
present study. Depression was assessed with the help of Goldberg Depression Questionnaire (GDQ)
constructed and standardized by Ivan Goldberg.
To assess and Compare the level of depression among professional students from different areas, Descriptive
Statistics i.e. (Mean, Standard Deviation) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used. The level of
significance was set at 0.05 level.
Conclusion: Significant difference was found among B.C.A Students, Engineering Students and Physical
Education Students in relation to Depression. Physical Education Students possessed greater/higher Depression
in comparison to B.C.A Students, and Engineering Students. In case of Depression significant difference was
found B.C.A Students and Engineering Students; B.C.A Students and Physical Education Students; Engineering
Students and Physical Education Students and the observed sequence of performance was found Physical
Education Students > B.C.A Students > Engineering Students in relation to Depression.
Effect of Patient Counseling in Improving Physical and Mental Health of Type-...Gangula Amareswara Reddy
The present study concluded that chronic diseases like diabetes affect the quality of life of patients.As the main goal of any medical care is the improvement of the patients’ overall quality of life, the clinical pharmacist imparted patient education through counseling has a major role in improving the physical as well as mental health outcomes.
Regular practice of yoga promotes strength, endurance, flexibility and facilitates characteristics of friendliness, compassion & self-control. So this study was conducted to find out the effect of yoga on anxiety. This study was conducted on 200 anxiety cases having age range of 18 to 55 years. Hamilton anxiety scale was used to measure the anxiety. These cases were divide into two group randomly i.e. study group and control group. Study group was given certain set of yogic exercise. Both the groups were followed and results were compared where independent variables yoga and dependent variable Anxiety was used. Chi-square, independent t test, was used for data analysis. It was observed that Anxiety was significantly decreased after the yogic intervention (P=0.042S). So it can be concluded that yoga can reduce perceived stress improve well-being even more significantly so its recommend to do yoga regularly.
Abstract—Diabetes is a disease which is on continuous increase specialy in country like India. It involve is a multisystem so intend to affect quality of life of patients. So this study was conducted on 250 Diabetes Mellitus patients to observe their quality of life on various domains viz Physical, Mental, Social and environmental through WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire. It was found that 54.4% were unable to level their quality of life, they say neither good nor bad. But 23.2% were feeling bad and 22.4 % were feeling good about their quality of life. Whereas regarding patient's satisfaction about their health 39.2% were unable to level their quality of life and 35.6% were dissatisfied and 25.2 % were satisfied with their health. Significantly more cases were unable to understand about their quality of life than their satisfaction to their health. It was also found that Physical quality of life was affected most followed by environmental, psychological and social dimension of quality of life.
The Psychological Changes of Horticultura Therapy Intervention for Elderly Women of Earthquake-Related Areas
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Professional Students from Different Areas in relation to depressionIOSR Journals
Abstract:
Background: The purpose of the study was to assess and compare depression among professional students
from different areas.
Methods: For the purpose of the study, 150 professional students from different areas (50 B.C.A Students, 50
Engineering Students & 50 Physical Education Students) were selected randomly on the basis of stratified
random sampling. The subjects were selected from M.D.Univerity Rohtak. The age level of the subjects ranged
from 18 to 25 years. Keeping the feasibility criterion in mind, the depression variable was selected for the
present study. Depression was assessed with the help of Goldberg Depression Questionnaire (GDQ)
constructed and standardized by Ivan Goldberg.
To assess and Compare the level of depression among professional students from different areas, Descriptive
Statistics i.e. (Mean, Standard Deviation) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used. The level of
significance was set at 0.05 level.
Conclusion: Significant difference was found among B.C.A Students, Engineering Students and Physical
Education Students in relation to Depression. Physical Education Students possessed greater/higher Depression
in comparison to B.C.A Students, and Engineering Students. In case of Depression significant difference was
found B.C.A Students and Engineering Students; B.C.A Students and Physical Education Students; Engineering
Students and Physical Education Students and the observed sequence of performance was found Physical
Education Students > B.C.A Students > Engineering Students in relation to Depression.
Effect of Patient Counseling in Improving Physical and Mental Health of Type-...Gangula Amareswara Reddy
The present study concluded that chronic diseases like diabetes affect the quality of life of patients.As the main goal of any medical care is the improvement of the patients’ overall quality of life, the clinical pharmacist imparted patient education through counseling has a major role in improving the physical as well as mental health outcomes.
Regular practice of yoga promotes strength, endurance, flexibility and facilitates characteristics of friendliness, compassion & self-control. So this study was conducted to find out the effect of yoga on anxiety. This study was conducted on 200 anxiety cases having age range of 18 to 55 years. Hamilton anxiety scale was used to measure the anxiety. These cases were divide into two group randomly i.e. study group and control group. Study group was given certain set of yogic exercise. Both the groups were followed and results were compared where independent variables yoga and dependent variable Anxiety was used. Chi-square, independent t test, was used for data analysis. It was observed that Anxiety was significantly decreased after the yogic intervention (P=0.042S). So it can be concluded that yoga can reduce perceived stress improve well-being even more significantly so its recommend to do yoga regularly.
Abstract—Diabetes is a disease which is on continuous increase specialy in country like India. It involve is a multisystem so intend to affect quality of life of patients. So this study was conducted on 250 Diabetes Mellitus patients to observe their quality of life on various domains viz Physical, Mental, Social and environmental through WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire. It was found that 54.4% were unable to level their quality of life, they say neither good nor bad. But 23.2% were feeling bad and 22.4 % were feeling good about their quality of life. Whereas regarding patient's satisfaction about their health 39.2% were unable to level their quality of life and 35.6% were dissatisfied and 25.2 % were satisfied with their health. Significantly more cases were unable to understand about their quality of life than their satisfaction to their health. It was also found that Physical quality of life was affected most followed by environmental, psychological and social dimension of quality of life.
The Psychological Changes of Horticultura Therapy Intervention for Elderly Women of Earthquake-Related Areas
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN ADULTS WITH DIABETES M...pijans
The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus has been rising steadily owing to several factors such as sedentary
lifestyle, obesity and an aging population. The prevalence of diabetes is predicted to double globally from
171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030 with a maximum increase in India with up to 79.4 million
individuals in India. Depression occurs frequently with diabetes but there are not many studies in India to
estimate its prevalence and associated factors. This study was done with the aim of estimating the
prevalence of depression among diabetes patients using the validated Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and
also its associated factors.
“STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF PRAKRITI IN CHILDREN WITH ACADEMIC STRESS AND EVALUAT...Dr-sumod Khedekar
“STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF PRAKRITI IN CHILDREN WITH ACADEMIC STRESS AND EVALUATION OF ANTISTRESS EFFECT OF SARASWAT CHURNA”
presented in Kochi International seminar.
Assessment of Health Professionals’ Views and Beliefs about Mental Illnesses:...inventionjournals
Negative beliefs and prejudices might lead to stigmatization, violation of basic human rights and discriminatory behaviors. To determine health professionals’ views and beliefs about mental illnesses. The sample of this descriptive study comprised 317 health professionals working in Sivas Numune Hospital. Data were collected with the Personal Information Form, Stigma Assessment Questionnaire and Beliefs toward Mental Illness (BMI) Scale. For the statistical analysis, percentage distribution, t-test, ANOVA and Tukey test were used. Of the participants, 18.6% had a relative with a mental illness, and 63.7% stated that people with a mental illness. Whereas half of the health professionals stated favorable opinion about patients with schizophrenia, 41% of them said that patients with schizophrenia might be dangerous and cause other people harm. The mean scores obtained from the subscales of the BMI scale were as follows: 23.74±6.66 (min-max:6- 40) for the dangerousness subscale, 29.55±9.88 (min-max:0-55) for the helplessness and poor interpersonal relationships subscale, and 1.76±2.30 (min-max: 0-10) for the shame subscale. The mean total score of the BMI scale was 55.06±16.06 (min-max: 6-100). Of the health care professionals, the nurses/midwives, high school graduates, those with income equal to expenditure and those who had negative opinions about patients with schizophrenia obtained significantly higher total scores from the BMI Scale (p<0.05). Although the majority of the health care professionals had positive opinions of patients with schizophrenia, nearly, half of them thought that patients with schizophrenia could be dangerous and cause harm to other people.
RESULTS OF A SURVEY OF PARTICIPANT FEEDBACK AT ACYTER, JIPMER, PONDICHERRYYogacharya AB Bhavanani
The Advanced Centre for Yoga Therapy Education and Research (ACYTER), a collaborative venture between JIPMER, Puducherry and Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga (MDNIY), New Delhi was established by MOU between JIPMER and MDNIY on 7 June 2008. In the period from March to June 2011, a survey was done on 100 patients who were regularly attending Yoga therapy sessions at ACYTER and had completed a minimum of one month of the regular programme.
A questionnaire was given to them consisting of questions related to their age, gender and demographic characteristic in addition to their main health complaints, attendance at the Yoga sessions, home practice as well as their physical and mental condition and changes in dosage of medication.
“Pathological Motivations for Exercise and Eating Disorder Specific Health-Re...pmilano
Exercise, as we all know, can improve your health, but if you have an eating disorder and also exercise compulsively to help manage your weight, you may find your overall quality of life going down even further.
Those are some of the findings of research by JU Professor of Kinesiology Heather Hausenblas and colleagues in a study titled “Pathological Motivations for Exercise and Eating Disorder Specific Health-Related Quality of Life” published in the April 2014 issue of the International Journal of Eating Disorders.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Assessment and management of complex pain conditionsSaurab Sharma
This was a presentation made at NITTE University during their first Physiotherapy Conference where I was invited as a Speaker. I am posting this thinking if this will be useful revision for those who attended and may be of some use to those who could not listen.
Abstract—This study was aimed to find out relationship of maternal Zinc, Copper and Iron levels with birth weight. Epidemiological observations are that Low birth weight babies i.e. weighing less than 2,500 grams, are approximately 20 times more likely to die than heavier babies. LBWs are more common in developing than developed countries. This study was conducted on 100 new born infant and their mother. Mothers of just delivered babies were investigated for assessing serum zinc, iron and copper levels on atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Along with this cord blood samples of newborn delivered by these identified women were investigated for zinc, iron and copper levels. Simultaneously birth weight of newborns delivered by these mothers were assessed. Association of maternal Zinc, Copper and Iron with birth weight of newborn was analyzed by unpaired student's’ test of significance. It was found in this study that maternal and newborn serum Zinc and Copper level were significantly lower and higher respectively in LBWs whereas serum Iron was not associated with birth weight of infants.
Abstract— Joint replacement operations which are applied to reduce the pain and increase the movement capacity are among the surgical procedures that are used mostly nowadays. Even though a dramatic recovery is seen in the life of the patient after total knee prosthesis, possible prosthesis infection increases cost and causes high morbidity. This study was conducted with the aim to determine rates of surgical site infection after performing primer total knee prothesis operation in our clinic. Furthermore, it has been intended to understand risk factors which may cause infection and then take precautions. This study was conducted from January 2008 to January 2013, 252 knees underwent primary total knee arthroplasty operations. Among these patients infection rates, relationship to risk factors and infection treatments were analysed. It was observed that iIn 252 knees, 10 (4%) superficial infections were found, debridement and antibiotics were applied to 3 knees out of 10 and only antibiotic treatment was applied to the rest 7 knees. Deep infection was detected in 4 knees (1,6%) out of 252. Acute deep infection in 1 knee and recovery was provided with debridement and intravenous antibiotics treatment. Late deep infection was not detected in any of patients. Delayed deep infection was detected in 3 (1,1%) of these knees though. Among all risk factors only increased body mass index showed increased superficial wound infection rate. It can be concluded that among the factors like rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, age, gender, body mass index, just body mass index has an impact on superficial infection rate. Our infection rates were comparable to rates mentioned in universal literature for primary total knee replacement operations.
PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN ADULTS WITH DIABETES M...pijans
The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus has been rising steadily owing to several factors such as sedentary
lifestyle, obesity and an aging population. The prevalence of diabetes is predicted to double globally from
171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030 with a maximum increase in India with up to 79.4 million
individuals in India. Depression occurs frequently with diabetes but there are not many studies in India to
estimate its prevalence and associated factors. This study was done with the aim of estimating the
prevalence of depression among diabetes patients using the validated Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and
also its associated factors.
“STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF PRAKRITI IN CHILDREN WITH ACADEMIC STRESS AND EVALUAT...Dr-sumod Khedekar
“STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF PRAKRITI IN CHILDREN WITH ACADEMIC STRESS AND EVALUATION OF ANTISTRESS EFFECT OF SARASWAT CHURNA”
presented in Kochi International seminar.
Assessment of Health Professionals’ Views and Beliefs about Mental Illnesses:...inventionjournals
Negative beliefs and prejudices might lead to stigmatization, violation of basic human rights and discriminatory behaviors. To determine health professionals’ views and beliefs about mental illnesses. The sample of this descriptive study comprised 317 health professionals working in Sivas Numune Hospital. Data were collected with the Personal Information Form, Stigma Assessment Questionnaire and Beliefs toward Mental Illness (BMI) Scale. For the statistical analysis, percentage distribution, t-test, ANOVA and Tukey test were used. Of the participants, 18.6% had a relative with a mental illness, and 63.7% stated that people with a mental illness. Whereas half of the health professionals stated favorable opinion about patients with schizophrenia, 41% of them said that patients with schizophrenia might be dangerous and cause other people harm. The mean scores obtained from the subscales of the BMI scale were as follows: 23.74±6.66 (min-max:6- 40) for the dangerousness subscale, 29.55±9.88 (min-max:0-55) for the helplessness and poor interpersonal relationships subscale, and 1.76±2.30 (min-max: 0-10) for the shame subscale. The mean total score of the BMI scale was 55.06±16.06 (min-max: 6-100). Of the health care professionals, the nurses/midwives, high school graduates, those with income equal to expenditure and those who had negative opinions about patients with schizophrenia obtained significantly higher total scores from the BMI Scale (p<0.05). Although the majority of the health care professionals had positive opinions of patients with schizophrenia, nearly, half of them thought that patients with schizophrenia could be dangerous and cause harm to other people.
RESULTS OF A SURVEY OF PARTICIPANT FEEDBACK AT ACYTER, JIPMER, PONDICHERRYYogacharya AB Bhavanani
The Advanced Centre for Yoga Therapy Education and Research (ACYTER), a collaborative venture between JIPMER, Puducherry and Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga (MDNIY), New Delhi was established by MOU between JIPMER and MDNIY on 7 June 2008. In the period from March to June 2011, a survey was done on 100 patients who were regularly attending Yoga therapy sessions at ACYTER and had completed a minimum of one month of the regular programme.
A questionnaire was given to them consisting of questions related to their age, gender and demographic characteristic in addition to their main health complaints, attendance at the Yoga sessions, home practice as well as their physical and mental condition and changes in dosage of medication.
“Pathological Motivations for Exercise and Eating Disorder Specific Health-Re...pmilano
Exercise, as we all know, can improve your health, but if you have an eating disorder and also exercise compulsively to help manage your weight, you may find your overall quality of life going down even further.
Those are some of the findings of research by JU Professor of Kinesiology Heather Hausenblas and colleagues in a study titled “Pathological Motivations for Exercise and Eating Disorder Specific Health-Related Quality of Life” published in the April 2014 issue of the International Journal of Eating Disorders.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Assessment and management of complex pain conditionsSaurab Sharma
This was a presentation made at NITTE University during their first Physiotherapy Conference where I was invited as a Speaker. I am posting this thinking if this will be useful revision for those who attended and may be of some use to those who could not listen.
Abstract—This study was aimed to find out relationship of maternal Zinc, Copper and Iron levels with birth weight. Epidemiological observations are that Low birth weight babies i.e. weighing less than 2,500 grams, are approximately 20 times more likely to die than heavier babies. LBWs are more common in developing than developed countries. This study was conducted on 100 new born infant and their mother. Mothers of just delivered babies were investigated for assessing serum zinc, iron and copper levels on atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Along with this cord blood samples of newborn delivered by these identified women were investigated for zinc, iron and copper levels. Simultaneously birth weight of newborns delivered by these mothers were assessed. Association of maternal Zinc, Copper and Iron with birth weight of newborn was analyzed by unpaired student's’ test of significance. It was found in this study that maternal and newborn serum Zinc and Copper level were significantly lower and higher respectively in LBWs whereas serum Iron was not associated with birth weight of infants.
Abstract— Joint replacement operations which are applied to reduce the pain and increase the movement capacity are among the surgical procedures that are used mostly nowadays. Even though a dramatic recovery is seen in the life of the patient after total knee prosthesis, possible prosthesis infection increases cost and causes high morbidity. This study was conducted with the aim to determine rates of surgical site infection after performing primer total knee prothesis operation in our clinic. Furthermore, it has been intended to understand risk factors which may cause infection and then take precautions. This study was conducted from January 2008 to January 2013, 252 knees underwent primary total knee arthroplasty operations. Among these patients infection rates, relationship to risk factors and infection treatments were analysed. It was observed that iIn 252 knees, 10 (4%) superficial infections were found, debridement and antibiotics were applied to 3 knees out of 10 and only antibiotic treatment was applied to the rest 7 knees. Deep infection was detected in 4 knees (1,6%) out of 252. Acute deep infection in 1 knee and recovery was provided with debridement and intravenous antibiotics treatment. Late deep infection was not detected in any of patients. Delayed deep infection was detected in 3 (1,1%) of these knees though. Among all risk factors only increased body mass index showed increased superficial wound infection rate. It can be concluded that among the factors like rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, age, gender, body mass index, just body mass index has an impact on superficial infection rate. Our infection rates were comparable to rates mentioned in universal literature for primary total knee replacement operations.
Abstract— Picture of public district hospitals is usually is as underused, inefficient and providing poor quality care. So this study was aimed to assess patient load at district level hospital. For the study purpose a district hospital of Eastern-northern Rajasthan was selected and this study was conducted in year 2014 at R.K. Joshi District hospital Dausa (Rajasthan) India. Information about general activities like outdoor, indoor, operations, investigations etc were collected. Other activities like reproductive and child health activities, family welfare activities, immunization activities, Zanani Suraksha Yozana activities etc were also collected. It was found in this study that total 454596 outdoor cases and 31706 indoor cases of various diseases were attended in this year. Bed occupancy rate was 334.64 with average hospital stay 3.2 days. Total 151127 laboratory tests were done in hospital. Total 3003 minor and 474 major operations were performed. In this year 251 Laparoscopic Sterilization, 5 Tubectomies and 4 Vasectomies were done along with other family welfare activities. Total 5312 institutional deliveries were performed and these women were benefited by ZSY.
Abstract— Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common physical disability of childhood. Children with CP frequently grow slowly and are more prone to fractures. So this study was aimed to explore relationship of bone mineral density (BMD) with cerebral palsy by case-control study. This study was conducted at Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation of Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur. Hip bone and spine bone was used to assess BMD. Bone mineral density was measured by DEXA in both groups i.e. study group and control group after ensuring the comparability of both groups. Difference in means of BMD in both the groups was inferred by unpaired student's’ test of significance. It was found in this study that bone mineral density of hip well as spine was significantly lowered in cerebral palsy cases.
Abstract— Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a great risk to burn patients with potential to cause significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of MRSA and its susceptibility, in burn wound infection/colonization in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India. A retrospective study was conducted among patients admitted in burn ward of our hospital, between January to December 2012. All the patients irrespective of age, sex, duration of hospital stay, percentage and degree of burn were included in our study. Wound swabs from 1294 patients hospitalized in burn ward were analysed for bacteriological examination. Swabs were inoculated on Blood agar, MacConkey agar and Brain heart infusion broth. Isolates were examined for colony characteristics, Gram staining and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by modified Stokes disc diffusion method. Detection of MRSA was done by cefoxitin (30g) disc diffusion method. Among the Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) isolates, 56.7% (80/141) were found to be MRSA while 43.3% (61/141) were Methicillin Susceptible S.aureus (MSSA). All the MRSA isolates were resistant to penicillin, cephalexin and cefazolin. Resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, rifampicin, chloramphenicol was found to be 74%, 97.4%, 96%, 100%, 97.4%, 84.6%, 11.5%, 10.3%. All MRSA isolates were found to be sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin while 1.3% were resistant to linezolid. Although survival rates for burn patients have improved substantially over the years, nosocomial infections still remain a major challenge in burn care. This concludes that there is high prevalence of nosocomial infections specially the presence of multidrug resistant bacteria like Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among burn patients suggest continuous surveillance of burn wound infections and development and stringent implementation of antibiotic policy.
Lyshaan Hall Presents: The Quotable Jay-ZLyshaan Hall
Jay-Z, born Shawn Carter, is one of the most driving forces in modern pop culture. Jay-Z has transcended hip hop in many ways, but his skills as an MC are what made him. Lyshaan Hall shares some of his favorite lyrics from his fellow Brooklyn native.
— NUHM was launched in 1 May 2013 to improve the health status of the urban population particularly slum dwellers and other vulnerable urban section by facilitating their access to quality health care. And ASHAs are a 'bridge' or an interface between the community and health service outlets. NHM set some standard for working of ASHAs. So this study was conducted to assess the status of performance indicator for ASHA in area of Jaipur city. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 172 ASHAs working in Jaipur city. It was observed in this study that more than 80% was achieved in percentage of families counselled, ANC adequately covered, Institutional deliveries and completely immunized for age in 12-23 months age children among ASHA performance indicators. Newborn visit within 1 week of delivery, JSY claims made and newborn who were weighed by ASHAs were achieved of 70-80%. And less than 50% achievement was regarding percentage of children with diarrhoea received ORS and fever cases who received Chloroquine within first week. It can be concluded from this study that best ASHA performance indicator achieved was of percentage of institutional deliveries which is 82.53%, followed by regarding ANC adequately covered with at least 4 visits, Immunization of 12-23 months age, families counselled, newborn visit within 1 week of delivery, JSY claim made, newborn who were weighed, deliveries escorted, children with diarrhoea received ORS and fever cases who received Chloroquine within first week
Abstract—
Purpose: To evaluate the morphological changes of the Meibomian glands in patients with evaporative “dry eye” compared to normal subjects by in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). To correlate these changes to the clinical observations and tear functions.
Methods: The study was based on trans-tarsal images of 30 normal and 30 diseased lids (patients with subjective complaints and objective symptoms of evaporative “dry eye”). Each participant was examined by in vivo LSCM (HRT3 Rostock corneal module). The results were compared to histological findings of normal or pathologically changed Meibomian glands.
Results: Patients with evaporative “dry eye” presented with destructive changes of the Meibomian glands as follows: occlusion of the lumen, impaired morphology of the acines, lack of normal structure and infiltration with inflammatory cells. Reported ocular surface and tear function abnormalities were correlated to the Meibomian glands dysfunction (MGD). In all cases the lid hygiene and anti-inflammatory treatment demonstrated tendency to restoration of the structure.
Cоnclusion: In vivo LSCM can effectively demonstrate the morphological changes of the Meibomian glands in patients with evaporative dry eye symptoms. This noninvasive technology is useful as a supplementary diagnostic tool for in vivo assessment of the histopathology of many ocular surface disorders and monitoring of the therapeutic effect in patients with MGD. Glandular acinar density and acinar unit diameter seemed to be promising new parameters of Meibomian glands in vivo confocal microscopy. The examination has the potential to change the evaporative dry eye treatment approach
Association of Dental Diseases with Oral Hygiene in School Children of Rural Rajasthan, India-Oral diseases are health problem of industrialize well as developing countries because of its high prevalence. In developing countries these diseases are given less impotance because of scarcity of resources but when these dental diseases remain untreated it can cause permanent toothache and disability. It can increase school attendance and intern lead to complication and expensive treatment. A community based study was conducted in rural area of Jaipur district to find out the association of dental diseases with oral hygiene. From schools of Amer tahsil of Jaipur district 1600 students were examined for dental diseases and interrogated for oral hygiene. Association of oral hygiene with dental diseases like Dental Carries, Dental Fluorosis, Malocclusion and Periodontitis was found out with chi-square test. It was revealed that Dental diseases like Dental Carries, Dental Fluorosis, Malocclusion and peridontitis all are associated with oral hygiene. Mouth rinsing frequency and teeth cleaning frequency is inversely proportion in Dental Carries but is directly proportional in Dental Fluorosis, Malocclusion and Periodontitis
Abstract—Spiritual health is not given its due importance since long time. But nowadays modern medicine is seen in relation to spiritual health. and studies were conducted to find out its effect in various diseases. So this study was conducted on medical students of SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India. aimed to assess the spiritual health and its association with psycho wellness. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1st MBBS students present on the day of survey were given spiritual health assessment scale (SHAS) to assess the their spiritual health. Then these students were screened through Modified Mini Scale (MMS) to found out zone of psycho wellness i.e. red and orange zone of psycho-wellness. Association was inferred by Chi-square test and ANOVA with Post-hoc Tukey test. Out of 230 students attend on the day of survey, majority of students i.e.164(71.3%) were having good spiritual health. Likewise only 132 students (57.39%) were in green zone (no disease zone), while 36(15.65%) students were in orange (borderline) and 62 students (26.96%) were in red zone (Psychiatric disease zone) of psycho-wellness. On analysis it was found that Mean scores of spiritual SHAS of green zone was significantly high than mean SHAS scores of other zones. Majority of students were having poor spiritual health and this spiritual health was strongly associated with psycho-wellness of students. Poorer the spiritual health of students leads to poorer the psycho-wellness of students.
Lyshaan Hall Presents: The Quotable B.I.G.Lyshaan Hall
The Notorious BIG, born Christopher Wallace, left a legacy of superb art when his life was cut short. Lyshaan Hall shares some of his favorite lyrics paired with images of the departed NYC legend.
Abstract—Epidemiological study of Rivers State University of Science and Technology Port Harcourt, Nigeria was carried out to identify the morbidity pattern in the University community in order to establish the current health status and trends. This study utilized secondary morbidity data sourced from Health Services Department. Data on staff mortality were obtained from the Personnel/Establishment Division. Methods employed for data collection were health records survey and data collection sheets. Morbidity information required were date, sex, age, department, card number and diagnosis of each case. Information required for each mortality case was date, sex, age, department, salary level and the cause of death. Of all cases of morbidity, communicable diseases comprised 17.5%; non-communicable diseases 24.1%, generalized disease symptoms 55.2% and others 3.2%. The study revealed that the leading causes of morbidity in the University were fever/headache/cold (36.9%), hypertension (13.6%), generalized body pain (7.5%), abdominal pain/vomiting (6.7%) and diabetes (4.9%). Hypertension emerged the second major cause of morbidity among the staff and males had higher rate of morbidity compared to females. It was also concluded that although mortality was increasing with time but there was no sex wise significant difference in mortality trend. It was recommended among others that Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension being silent killers should be monitored regularly within the University community. Also the current practice of manual data entry should be replaced with computerized data system for better health records management.
Abstract— Medical Council of India has laid down the norms and guidelines for integrated teaching to enhance the students approach for learning in a comprehensive manner. A comparative interventional study was carried out on II MBBS students of SMS medical College, Jaipur to compare the effect of traditional teaching and integrated teaching method. After taking pre-test students were divided into two groups, one group underwent traditional teaching and other group is given integrated teaching on Bronchial Asthma. Post-test was taken after finishing the topic. Mean change in score improved in both the group were compared by unpaiered “t’ Test. Perception of students and faculty about new method was also found out. It was found in this study that mean change of score of students from pre-test to post-test in the study group was significantly higher (p<0.001) than in control group (3.43±1.88 v/s 0.65±1.81). More than 90 % students liked and retained the subject better with the new teaching methodology only 9.3% felt it more time consuming. Majority of faculty had liked this method.
Abstract—Myiasis is a rare disease by developing larvae (Maggots) of a variety of fly species within the arthropod order Diptera. Recognition and Management of Myiasis are demanding. Herein we present a 7-months-old Saudi girl presented with multiple skin lesions over her body, clinical diagnosis of skin abscess was made initially. Incision revealed multiple maggots coming from the incision wounds, the larva was extracted and the clean dressing was done. Patient showing complete recovered skin infection. Cutaneous Myiasis is a devastating presentation of a variety of fly species that should be considered in the appropriate clinical setting and recent traveling to the suspicious area.
Abstract—There is a scarcity of available studies in India on parental stress and depression among parents of children with intellectual disability. Present hospital based cross sectional analytical type of observational study was carried with the specific aims to assess and compare daily parenting stress and depressive symptoms among parents of children with various degree of intellectual disability. Total 90 randomly selected subjects ({both parents of mentally retarded (MR) children and normal children} were evaluated separately for daily parenting stress and depressive symptoms using the Family Interview for Stress and Coping and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. According to Intelligence Quotient (IQ) of children, three groups were created: Group 'A' (30 parents of moderate to profound MR children), group 'B' (30 parents of mild to borderline MR children) and group 'C' (30 parents of children normal intelligence).IQ of the children was assessed by trained clinical psychologist and diagnosis was made as per ICD-10 criteria. Controls were taken from healthy volunteer and screened by two psychiatrists. A self designed, pre-tested & semi-structured detailed Performa was used for socio-demographical and clinical profile. The data were analyzed using SPSS trial version. Parents in group 'A' had significantly higher level of daily parenting stress and depressive symptoms than groups 'B' and 'C', group 'B' parents had higher level of daily parenting stress and depressive symptoms than group 'C'. Mothers experienced greater depressive symptoms and daily parenting stress compared to fathers. A positive correlation was found between daily parenting stress and depressive symptoms and negative correlation was found between IQ of the children and the daily parenting stress and depressive symptoms.
Perceived Stress among Medical Students: Prevalence, Source and Severity_Crim...CrimsonpublishersPPrs
Perceived Stress among Medical Students: Prevalence, Source and Severity by Samina Rafiquea in Psychology and Psychotherapy: Research Study: Journal of Psychology
Stress An Undetachable Condition of LifeYogeshIJTSRD
Stressful life events affects human body, which may lead to cardiovascular diseases and effect metabolism and immune system. Recent studies showed increase in stress levels in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the stress levels in MBBS students. The objectives of the study are a To determine the current stress level, b To assess relation between stress level and lifestyle of college students. The present study was carried out in Ahmedabad City of Gujarat State. A total of 400 medical students were included in the study, which were selected using multi stage sampling aged between 18 years to 25 years. Students were questioned regarding their socioeconomic and life style parameters. The results showed that physical activity such as walking, exercise, yoga, meditation etc. were associated to stress levels. College students showed high stress levels with more satisfaction were mostly smokers. Their major reason for eating junk food and smoking was, increase in stress. Conclusion Majority of students suffered from moderate stress levels. Despite of having stress they were happy and satisfied with life with less no internet addiction. Spirituality and stress scales had a positive correlation as most of the students were averagely highly spiritual. Discriminant function can be used to determine the stress level of a person using age, BMI, internet addiction, spirituality, happiness scale and life satisfaction scale of that person. Jayshree N. Tolani | Dr. Nitinkumar D. Shah "Stress: An Undetachable Condition of Life" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45054.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45054/stress-an-undetachable-condition-of-life/jayshree-n-tolani
Abstract
Background: Across the country, nursing students are experiencing alarming amounts of stress. While stress is a common phenomenon, it has been shown to negatively impact nursing student performance and general health. One solution to this issue is mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). Reported effects of MBSR include stress reduction; mindfulness; improvements in self-esteem; increase in general health; a decrease in anxiety; and an increase in empathy. Because MBSR is not widely included in nursing curricula, students are not learning stress reduction techniques needed to manage daily stress. Purpose: To address this gap, a DNP project was implemented at a university site. The project’s purpose was two-fold: To increase the knowledge of faculty and to provide educational resources for students. Methods: A toolkit was developed that included a Power Point presentation for faculty; a copy of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS); and handouts on stress and MBSR techniques for students. Thirty-four faculty in an online family nurse practitioner program were offered the toolkit at one university in California; five faculty participated and completed the surveys. Results: Valuable data was obtained on the effectiveness of the presentation on faculty knowledge, perception, acceptance, and willingness to use the resources provided. Conclusion: When provided with a toolkit on stress and MBSR techniques, faculty became more aware of the significance of stress and stated they were willing to utilize the resources provided in future online classes.
Depression among College and University Students of India and Lesotho.pdfAbraham Mutluri
This study was conducted in two countries i.e. India and Lesotho to understand the depression levels among the colleges’
students. As we know depression as a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects the feelings,
thinking and actions of humans. Depression is affecting many students at colleges and universities. It is observed in
the review of literature 30 per cent of the students are experienced depression during their education. The aim of the
present study is to know about the prevalence, major reasons, and major characteristics of depression among student
youth. It is a quantitative study adopted convenience sampling method and collected the data from 220 students. This
study adopted the Beck’s Depression Inventory scale to understand the depression among young students. This
study found that out of 220 students, 42.7% is normal while the remaining 57.3 % is having the other levels of
depression (Mild mood disturbance (16.2%), Borderline clinical depression (8.2%), Moderate depression (23.6%),
severe depression (6.4%) and Extreme depression (2.3%).) The study observed that the coping strength is getting from
religious activities (42.7%), positive re framing (21.4%), support from peers (20.0%). Others like humor (13.6%),
participating in sports (12.7%), and seeking emotional help are also helping the individuals to come out from their
depression and do their regular social functioning. The study suggested that the students should ventilate their
thoughts, fears with trusted people like family members, friends and teachers. The universities and the colleges should
conduct the yoga and meditation camps occasionally which provide the healthy and happy life.
Kailash Nagar Research Article publicationKailash Nagar
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching
Programme on Prevention of Selected Life Style Diseases
in Terms of Knowledge and Attitude among Male Adults at
Selected PHC of Kheda District
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Mindfulness Techniques on Level of Tes...ijtsrd
Anxiety is the emotional response to that events. Anxiety also serves an important protective function. It signals that something is wrong so that we can move out of a potentially dangerous situation. We can retrain our thinking to better cope with significantly reduce test anxiety. A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of mindfulness techniques on test anxiety among B.Sc N students in selected college at Chennai. The objective of the study is to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness techniques among the B.Sc N students. The hypothesis formulated was there is significant association between the mindfulness techniques on the level of test anxiety among B.Sc N students. The review of literature included the related studies which provide a strong foundation for the study including the basis for conceptual framework and formation of tool. The research design used for this study was pre experimental one group pre test post test design. It was carried out with 30 samples who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Purposive sampling techniques was used to select the samples. An interview schedule was used to assess the pre test and post test level of test anxiety. A integrated mindfulness techniques was given for students for the duration of 30 40 minutes, a standardized tool was given to the students for duration of 10 to 15 minutes. The post test was conducted at the end of the 7th day by using same tool. The analysis revealed that the pre test level of test anxiety mean score was 34.0 with standard deviation 4.40 and post test level of test anxiety mean score was 22.3 with standard deviation 2.85. The paired ‘t’ value was 12.96 which showed highly significant at p 0.001 level. Thus it indicates the effectiveness of mindfulness on level of test anxiety among B.Sc N students. So the null hypothesis was rejected and researcher hypothesis was accepted for this study. Mrs. Bharathi. P | Dr. Tamilarasi. B "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Mindfulness Techniques on Level of Test Anxiety among the B.Sc (Nursing) Students in Selected College at Chennai" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52790.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/52790/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-mindfulness-techniques-on-level-of-test-anxiety-among-the-bsc-nursing-students-in-selected-college-at-chennai/mrs-bharathi-p
Stress and Coping among the under Graduate Nursing Students A Cross Sectional...ijtsrd
Introduction: Stress among nursing students is an area of growing concern. Nursing students during their professional life undergo stress which may result in psychological distress, physical complaints, behavior problem, and poor academic performance. This study was undertaken to assess the level of stress and coping among the nursing students. Material and Methods: A Descriptive Cross Sectional study was carried out in the year 2015 among 346 nursing students in a selected college at Chidambaram taluk, Tamil Nadu. Data were collected by using demographic profile and Modified Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Coping Questionnaire for Adolescents (CQA) to assess the stress and coping level of the participants. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: The findings revealed that the overall stress level among nursing students, were under mild stress(27%), moderate stress(65%) and high stress (8%) and also the coping level among nursing students, had poor coping (4%), mild coping (43%), moderate coping (45%) and good coping (8%). Conclusion: From this study, the researcher highlights that an effective intervention strategies have to be taught to the B.Sc. nursing students to relieve stress by developing good coping mechanism during their training period to promote stress free life. Mrs. S. Kalaivani | Dr. (Mrs) D. Karaline Karunagari"Stress and Coping among the under Graduate Nursing Students A Cross Sectional Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11393.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/11393/stress-and-coping-among-the-under-graduate-nursing-students-a-cross-sectional-study/mrs-s-kalaivani
1. International Multispecialty Journal of Health (IMJH) [Vol-1, Issue-4, June-2015]
Page | 12
A Point Prevalence assessment of depression by back depression
inventory (BDI) scale and its relation with Psycho-wellness as per
Modified MINI Scale (MMS)
Dr. Anuradha Yadav1
, Dr. I. D. Gupta2
, Dr. Kusum Lata Gaur3
, Dr. Kirti Mathur4
and
Miss. Neetu Jangid5
1,4
Professor, Department of Physiology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India
2
Professor, Department of Psychiatry, SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India
3
Professor, Department of Community Medicine, SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India
5
M.Sc. Student, Department of Physiology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India
Abstract— Depression is a major cause of morbidity worldwide. Although there are various studies
were conducted in developed country but in India there is paucity of studies regarding depression in
medical students who are more prone to have stress. So this study was conducted to study depression in
medical students of SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India. For study purpose 1st
MBBS
students were screened through Modified Mini Scale (MMS) to found out suspects of depression i.e. red
and orange zone of psycho-wellness. Then Back Depression Inventory (BDI) Scale was administered in
identified medical students of red and orange zone of psycho-wellness. Depression was found in 30.5%
of medical students, out of which 21% had moderate to severe depression. Depression was found to be
associated with psycho-wellness of student.
Key words: Depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), MMS, BDI, Medical students
1. Introduction
Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can affect a person's thoughts, behavior,
feelings and sense of well-being1,2
. People with depressed mood can feel sad, anxious, empty, hopeless,
helpless, worthless, guilty, irritable, ashamed or restless. Insomnia, excessive sleeping, fatigue, aches,
pains, digestive problems or reduced energy may also be present3
.
Depression is a major cause of morbidity worldwide2
. Lifetime prevalence varies widely, from
3% in Japan to 71% in the Indian medical students.4
Mental health is not given so much priority as that of physical health, which reflects in research
also. It is a neglected public health problem in India.
Medical students have a higher risk of depression and suicidal ideation than age matched peers
and general population. 5-13
To appear in medical entrance and during medical training students faced
different kinds of stressors such as burden of vast academic pressure with an obligation to succeed, an
uncertain future, difficulties of integrating various system along with emotional, social, physical and
family problems. These stressors can exert an inadvertent negative effect on students’ academic
performances and health with more chances of depression. It may reduce their self-esteem, quality of
life and the quality of care they provide to patients with decreased empathy. They may engage in
substance abuse. It is very important to prevent the ill effects of depression on one’s educational
attainment and career through early detection and proper interventional measures.
Prevalence of depression among medical students varies depending on age, gender, year of
training, place of staying during training, ethnicity, geographical area, parents’ socio-economic status
2. International Multispecialty Journal of Health (IMJH) [Vol-1, Issue-4, June-2015]
Page | 13
and the scale used to measure depression. 7,10,13,14
Few studies have been conducted in western countries
as well as in other parts of the world1,2
. In India, epidemiological studies on depression among medical
students are very scanty. Whereas, depression in medical students is of paramount importance and
warrants serious study.4
So this study was conducted on I MBBS students of SMS Medical college, Jaipur (Rajasthan)
with following objectives:-
1. To assess the burden of Depression in I MBBS students SMS medical College, Jaipur
2. To determine association between depression and psycho-wellness
2. Methodology
After taking approval from Institutional Ethics committee, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, a cross-
sectional observational study was carried out on 230 students of I MBBS after taking written inform
consent from each of the student. Students who has not given consent for the study and those were
absent on the day of assessment were excluded from the study. Study was conducted in two stages:-
Stage I:
These identified students were given a predesigned Performa for socio-demographic information
along with Modified Mini Screen (MMS) to fill after sitting 10 minims comfortably in the examination
hall. Acceptability and reliability of this scale was found satisfactory by many authors.8, 9
It is a 22-item
scale designed to identify psycho-wellness of individual. It can be interpret as follows:-
1. Green Zone (No Disease Zone): (Scores between ‘1’ to ‘5’): No further action required
2. Orange (Borderline Disease):( Scores between ‘6’ to ‘8’): Consider for referring
3. Red Zone (Yes Disease): (Scores ‘9’ and above): referred to Psychiatrics for confirmation of
diagnosis and treatment
4. Question no. (4) YES shows Suicidal tendency: referred to Psychiatrics for further evaluation
5. Question no. (14 and 15) shows Post Traumatic Syndrome Disorder (PTSD):
a. if any of 14 or 15 question ‘YES’: referred to Psychiatrics for further evaluation
Stage II:
After taking back filled MMS from students, they again were asked to sit calmly for 5 minits.
These students were administered another ‘Questionnaires’ to detect and assess the severity of
depression i.e. Back Depression Inventory (BDI) Scale. 15
This BDI-II also contains 21 questions, each answer being scored on a likert scale value of 0 to
3. It has high one-week test–retest reliability (Pearson r =0.93) and high internal consistency (α=.91).16
Higher total scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms. The standardized cutoffs are as follows:-
0–13: minimal depression
14–19: mild depression
20–28: moderate depression
29–63: severe depression.
Data thus collected were analyzed and classified on MS Excel 2007. Significance of difference
in proportion of students were inferred by Chi-square Test whereas relation between psycho-wellness
zone and severity of depression was infered by Regression Equation and Correlation. These statistical
tests were done with the help of statistical software Primer version 6. For significance p value <0.05 was
considered significant.
3. International Multispecialty Journal of Health (IMJH) [Vol-1, Issue-4, June-2015]
Page | 14
3. Results
In this cross sectional observational study on the day of survey 230 students were present out of total
249 so attendance was 92.37% to represent the I MBBS students.
Out of these 230 students, 132 students (57.39%) were in green zone (no disease zone), while
36(15.65%) students were in orange (borderline) and 62 students (26.96%) were in red zone (Psychiatric
disease zone) of psycho-wellness. (Fig 1)
Figure 1 Figure 2
Out of these 230 students, 160 students (69.5%) were in not having depression otherwise rest 70
students (30.5%) were having various grades of depression. (Fig 2).
When association of psycho-wellness and degree of depression is observed it was revealed that
proportion of non-depressive students were significantly more in green zone of psycho-wellness zone
than orange and red. Among 70 students with depression maximum fall in red zone (54.29%) followed
by orange (24.29%) and green zone (21.43%).
When distribution of proportion of students with depression in various psycho-wellness zone
was observed it was found that maximum proportion of depression was in students falling in red zone
i.e. 38 out of 62 students (61.29%) followed by students in orange zone (17 out of 36 i.e. 47.22%) and
Green zone (15 out of 132 students i.e. 11.36%). This variation was found significant.
Likewise, proportion of students with depression was significantly high in red and orange zone
of psycho-wellness zone than green. Maximum proportion of students with depression was found in red
zone (None of the student of green zone had severe depression. Severe depression was observed
maximum in red zone of psycho-wellness. This difference in proportion was also found significant. So it
can be depicted that psycho-wellness is associated with degree of depression. (Table 1)
Table 1
Association of Grading of Depression with Psycho-wellness Zone of Students
4. International Multispecialty Journal of Health (IMJH) [Vol-1, Issue-4, June-2015]
Page | 15
S.
No.
Degree of Depression (as
per BDI)
Psycho-wellness Zone of Students (as per MINI) Chi-square
P Value LSGreen (132) Orange (36) Red (62)
1
No Depression (160)
117 19 24 55.348 at 2 DF
P <0.001 HS
2
Mild Depression (43)
11 9 23 24.342 at 2 DF
P <0.001 HS
3
Moderate Depression (21)
4 6 11 13.926 at 2 DF
P <0.001 HS
4 Severe Depression (6) 0 2 4 8.370 at 2 DF
P =0.015 S
5 Chi-square test
P Value LS
47.953 with 2 DF
P <0.001 HS
6.712 with 3 DF
P=0.107 NS
38.689 with 3 DF
P <0.001 HS
When correlation of total psycho-wellness scores and total depression of students was assessed it
was observed It was fond negative correlation within these two variable i.e. if psychowellness scores
increases (towards healthier side) the depression scores decreases. Although there was mild correlation
was not found significant (r = -0.4049).
The mental health status of the students we assessed showed a worrying picture. After this study,
those whom we found to have probable depression were counseled and encouraged to meet counselor &
psychologist.
4. Discussion
In this present study, about half (42.6%) of students were either red or orange zone of psycho wellness.
Depression was found in 30.5% of medical students out of which 21% were found moderate to severe
depression. Well comparable observations were made by other authors.4-14
A study conducted in Karnataka by Ganesh S etall4
who had also used BDI scale had reported
41.1% prevalence of depression among medical students out of which 15% had Mild whereas 26.1%
had Mod-Severe depression. Using same BDI scale, Dr Singh etall10
found 49.1% depression in a
Medical College in Northern India and another study in India by Ganesh S etall17
found much higher
proportion (71.25%) of depressive symptoms among medical undergraduates. Other studies in different
parts of the world also showed wide range of variation of depression from 2.2% to 85% among medical
students. This variation may be because of different geographical regions, different sample sizes with
varied demographic characteristics, scales used to assess depression and cutoffs used were also different
and different medical curricula in these countries.
In the present study degree of depression was found to be associated with psycho-wellness
zones. There was significantly more proportion of students with depression in red zone ad orange zone
than green zone. Likewise, psycho-wellness scores and depression scores of students had negative
correlation however it was not significant. Other studies4-17
also found their observations well in
resonance with present study.
CONCLUSIONS
Mental health status of the medical students was found in an alarming situation. About one third of
students were having mild to severe grade of depression which requires some type of consultation or
counseling. So it emphasizes the importance of screening for depression in medical students. So it can
be diagnosed earlier to save students falling in severe depression. Patients with severe depression are
tented to harm themselves so it is a sensitive issue. It should be taken care to protect this valuable future
human resource.
5. International Multispecialty Journal of Health (IMJH) [Vol-1, Issue-4, June-2015]
Page | 16
REFERENCES
1. Salmans, Sandra (1997). Depression: Questions You Have – Answers You Need. People's Medical
Society. ISBN 978-1-882606-14-6
2. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). American
Psychiatric Association. 2013 "NIMH · Depression". nimh.nih.gov. Retrieved 15 October 2012
3. Vieweg, W. V.; Fernandez, D. A.; Beatty-Brooks, M; Hettema, J. M.; Pandurangi, A. K.;
Pandurangi, Anand K. (May 2006). "Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Clinical Features,
Pathophysiology, and Treatment". Am. J. Med. 119 (5): 383–90
4. Ganesh S. Kumar, Animesh Jain, Supriya Hegde. Prevalence of depression and its associated factors
using Beck Depression Inventory among students of a medical college in Karnataka. Indian Journal
of Psychiatry 54(3), Jul-Sep 2012
5. Dyrbye, Liselotte N, Thomas, Matthew R., Shanafelt, Tait D. Systematic Review of Depression,
Anxiety and other Indicators of Psychological Distress among U.S. and Canadian Medical Students.
Academic Medicine, April 2006;81(4):354-73.
6. Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Pathiyil R Shankar, VS Binu, Chiranjoy Mukhopadhyay,
Biswabina Ray and Ritesh G Menezes. Psychological morbidity, sources of stress and coping
strategies among undergraduate medical students of Nepal. BMC Medical Education 2007;7:26.
7. Deborah Goebert, Diane Thompson, Junji Takeshita, Cheryl Bech, Philip Bryson, Kimberly
Ephgrave et al. Depressive Symptoms in Medical Students and Residents: A Multi-school study.
Academic Medicine, February 2009;84(2):236-41.
8. Marjani A, Gharavi AM, Jahanshahi M, Vahidirad A, Alizadeh F. Stress among medical students of
Gorgan (South East of Caspian Sea), Iran. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2008 Jul-
Sep;6(23):421-5.
9. Najmeh Jafari, Amir Loghmani, Ali Montazeri. Mental health of Medical Students in Different
Levels of Training. Int J Prev Med. 2012 March; 3(Suppl1): S107–S112.
10. Ajit Singh, Amarlal, Shekhar. Prevalence of depression Among Medical Students of a Pvt. Medical
College: India.[ accessed online http://www.ojhas.org/issue 36/2010-4.8ht]
11. James M Hillis, William R G Perry, Emily Y Carroll, Belinda A Hibble, Marion J Davies, Justin
Yousef. Painting the picture: Australasian medical student views on wellbeing, teaching and support
services. New Zealand Medical Student Journal May 201
12. Thomas L. Schwenk, Lindsay Davis, Leslie A. and Wim Satt. Depression, Stigma and Suicidal
Ideation in Medical Students. JAMA 2010;304(11):1181-90(doi,10.1001/jama,2010.1300).
13. Thelma A Quince, Diana F Wood, Richard A Parker, John Benson. Prevalence and persistence of
depression among undergraduate medical students: a longitudinal study at one U.K Medical
School.BMJ Open 2012;00:e001519.doi:10.1136bmjopen-2012-001519
14. Gore F M, Bloem P J, Patton G C, Forquson J, Joseph V,Coffey C et al. Global burden of disease in
young people aged 10-24 yrs.: a systematic analyses. Lancet 2011 Jun 18;377(9783):2093-102.
15. Beck Depression Inventory from Wikipedia accessed on 29.11.12.
16. Beck A, Steer R, Garbin M. Psychometric properties of Beck Depression Inventory: twenty five
years of evaluation. Clin Psychol Rev. 1988; 8:77-100.
17. Ganesh S Kumar, Animesh Jain, Supriya Hegde. Prevalence of depression and its associated factors
using Beck Depression Inventory among students of a medical college in Karnataka. Indian Journal
of Psychiatry 2012; 54 (3):223-26.