IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
The issue of medical aliteracy has drawn both scholars and medical practitioners’ attention in the recent years. The negative cost of medical aliteracy has continued to constitute major threats to health related issue which has resulted in high mortality rate, high medical expenditure and medical underperformance among others. On this premise the study examined the influence of medical aliteracy among senior medical personnel. The study employed descriptive research design and Chi-Square to test the research hypotheses. A total number of 50 questionnaires were designed to collect information from the sampled population through a random sampling. From the result of the analysis it was revealed that factors such as ineffective supervision of medical personnel, low patient literacy level, lack of personnel-patients engagement could lead to medical aliteracy among senior medical personnel. Senior medical personnel have the knowledge of medical aliteracy and its implications on for medical personnel and the public. Medical aliteracy has an implication on health sector performance which includes increase in mortality rate, increase health expenditure, widening of the gap between patients – medical personnel communication among others. Perception of medical aliteracy has significant influence on medical personnel performance. The study concluded that, medical aliteracy is prevalent among medical personnel and patients and is associated with many poor medical outcomes in the health sector. It was however recommended that medical literacy training, schemes and programmes should be designed according to the needs of the different medical personnel and should therefore be included in medical professional training programs.
ABSTRACT- Background: Women of all races and ethnicities are at risk of cervical cancer. India, around 0.95 million new cases are detected yearly with high burden of 0.63 million. India bears about one fifth of the world’s burden of cervical cancer. Although fatality is high but cancers are largely preventable by effective screening programmes. Design: The present quasi-experimental study was conducted among female students studying in degree colleges from Feb. 2013 to Sept. 2013. Intervention: Educational intervention was conducted through sessions of participatory learning approach which included lectures using power-point, chalk and talk and question-answers method. Data was collected twice by administering predesigned questionnaire and conducting focus group discussion. Data Analysis: Data entered and analyzed using Epi Info 2000. To analyze qualitative information Atlas ti software was used. Paired t-test was used to measure the effect of intervention. Results: Total 149 students were the part of the study and successfully followed. Mean age of the participant was 18.5 years. Out of the 149 participants 4.1% had family history of the cancer. In the study it was observed that 18.8% had not ever heard about the cancer. In the post intervention test significant improvement was seen in all three parameters viz knowledge, attitude and practices. Conclusion: Continuing Educational interventions should be started at all level which highlights the importance of screening and prevention of cancer in women. Key-words- Cervical Cancer, Women, Perception Barriers, Effectiveness
The Department of Internal Medicine celebrates our 75th successful year, and the conclusion of FY2019 with a highlights presentation. For higher quality images and better view-ability, please download the file.
The issue of medical aliteracy has drawn both scholars and medical practitioners’ attention in the recent years. The negative cost of medical aliteracy has continued to constitute major threats to health related issue which has resulted in high mortality rate, high medical expenditure and medical underperformance among others. On this premise the study examined the influence of medical aliteracy among senior medical personnel. The study employed descriptive research design and Chi-Square to test the research hypotheses. A total number of 50 questionnaires were designed to collect information from the sampled population through a random sampling. From the result of the analysis it was revealed that factors such as ineffective supervision of medical personnel, low patient literacy level, lack of personnel-patients engagement could lead to medical aliteracy among senior medical personnel. Senior medical personnel have the knowledge of medical aliteracy and its implications on for medical personnel and the public. Medical aliteracy has an implication on health sector performance which includes increase in mortality rate, increase health expenditure, widening of the gap between patients – medical personnel communication among others. Perception of medical aliteracy has significant influence on medical personnel performance. The study concluded that, medical aliteracy is prevalent among medical personnel and patients and is associated with many poor medical outcomes in the health sector. It was however recommended that medical literacy training, schemes and programmes should be designed according to the needs of the different medical personnel and should therefore be included in medical professional training programs.
ABSTRACT- Background: Women of all races and ethnicities are at risk of cervical cancer. India, around 0.95 million new cases are detected yearly with high burden of 0.63 million. India bears about one fifth of the world’s burden of cervical cancer. Although fatality is high but cancers are largely preventable by effective screening programmes. Design: The present quasi-experimental study was conducted among female students studying in degree colleges from Feb. 2013 to Sept. 2013. Intervention: Educational intervention was conducted through sessions of participatory learning approach which included lectures using power-point, chalk and talk and question-answers method. Data was collected twice by administering predesigned questionnaire and conducting focus group discussion. Data Analysis: Data entered and analyzed using Epi Info 2000. To analyze qualitative information Atlas ti software was used. Paired t-test was used to measure the effect of intervention. Results: Total 149 students were the part of the study and successfully followed. Mean age of the participant was 18.5 years. Out of the 149 participants 4.1% had family history of the cancer. In the study it was observed that 18.8% had not ever heard about the cancer. In the post intervention test significant improvement was seen in all three parameters viz knowledge, attitude and practices. Conclusion: Continuing Educational interventions should be started at all level which highlights the importance of screening and prevention of cancer in women. Key-words- Cervical Cancer, Women, Perception Barriers, Effectiveness
The Department of Internal Medicine celebrates our 75th successful year, and the conclusion of FY2019 with a highlights presentation. For higher quality images and better view-ability, please download the file.
Barriers to Access Quality Healthcare Services among Physically Challenged Pe...Premier Publishers
Despite the increase in the number of health services provided and Kenya’s commitment to equal access to quality healthcare for all by the year 2030, the physically challenged persons still find difficulty in accessing health services for reasons attributable to health care related factors. This study targeted the physically challenged persons in Gem Sub-county, Kenya. Stratified and systematic random sampling was used to select 108 people with physical disability. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS, version 23. Descriptive data were summarized in tables and charts while x2 test was used to detect the relationship between relevant variables (α= 0.05). This study confirmed that environmental accessibility of the hospitals, their location and infrastructure leading to the hospitals greatly influence ability of people with physical disabilities to access quality healthcare(p<0.05). All the healthcare facilities were not adequately equipped to handle people with disabilities. The healthcare system-related factors had influence negatively on access of quality care to the physically handicapped persons in Gem sub County.
Evidence for Public Health Decision MakingVineetha K
The presentation gives an overview of evidence based public health with emphasis on the seven steps of EBPH Framework. It also includes the data sources to search for evidence and relevant articles explaining the current trend in decision making. One of the sources of the presentation is from EBPH training series by Rocky Mountain foundation. The link is provided in the end slide. Do contact me if you need any help with the resources.
Call for action :expanding Cancer care in india Earnest and Young report Healthcare consultant
The context of cancer care in India is characterized by high incidence, late detection, lack of access to quality affordable care to majority of the populace and hence high mortality. It is agonising to observe high percentage of late detection owing to issues of access, affordability and awareness given that both the cost and success of treatment is favourably skewed towards earlier detection in a significant manner, leave alone the anguish of the family that has to negotiate with the reality of losing their loved one knowing that it is a travesty, not tragedy, of destiny. Further, it is of great concern to observe increasing deterioration of the key risk factors that contribute to the sickness, viz. use of alcohol/tobacco, obesity, environmental pollution etc. It is imperative for the stakeholders of Indian healthcare to address this growing menace before it becomes a national catastrophe.
Governance issues of health screening and the practice of periodic physical examination in Thailand. Presented in Joint Conference of Medical Sciences Chula-Rama-Siriraj (JCMS2015) 2015.6.4
Healthcare Utilization and Self-assessed Health in Turkey: Evidence from the ...Economic Research Forum
Firat Bilgel - Okan University
Burhan Can Karahasan - Piri Reis University
ERF Workshop on The Economics of Healthcare in the ERF Region
Cairo, Egypt - May 23, 2016
www.erf.org.eg
Role of Biostatistician and Biostatistical Programming in Epidemiological Stu...PEPGRA Healthcare
Pepgra experts provide regulatory biostatistics and epidemiology statistical programming support to all phases of clinical trial process development and commercialization. Our Epidemiological statistical services is are located globally & trained in current methods and standards to support the successful execution of your projects.
Continue Reading: http://bit.ly/2OBq9EZ
Youtube: https://youtu.be/2NORssElgFg
Contact Us:
Website : https://bit.ly/33Fwsye
Email us: sales.cro@pepgra.com
India: +91 9884350006
United Kingdom: +44- 74248 10299
This report highlights the main findings from the EIU assessment of value-based healthcare (VBHC) alignment in 25 countries. The study was commissioned by Medtronic, a global technology and medical devices company. As VBHC is an early-stage concept and model, this study was an effort to establish a standard of evaluation of value-based healthcare alignment and establish the core components of the enabling environment for VBHC.
Evaluating the Quality of Life and Social Support in Patients with Cervical C...CrimsonpublishersTTEH
Aims: Purposes of this descriptive correlational research were to 1) describe quality of life and social support and 2) look at the correlation of certain factors and quality of life in women with cervical cancer after treatment. Methods: Fifty-three women diagnosed with cervical cancer who were followed up after finished the treatments at the Gynecological outpatient department of a university hospital in 2016.They were asked to fill 3 questionnaires; 1) the general information; 2) Social support; and 3) Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACT-Cervix). Alpha Cronbach’s coefficients for the social support was .73 and for the FACT-Cervix was .91. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistic and Spearman Rank Test.Result: Results showed that participants’ age was ranged from 30 to 86, mean=55.15 (SD=10.05). Social support was about 29 to 59, mean=48.23 (SD=6.76). Symptom distress was from 0 to 9, mean=3.36 (SD=2.83). For quality of life was diverted from 75 to159, mean=126.02 (SD=21.09). The results discovered that there was no correlation between age and social support with the quality of life, however, there was negative correlation between symptom distress and quality of life with r=-.40 at p=0.003.Conclusion: This study disclosed that social support for this women’s group could not help to improve their quality of life. Their symptom distress seems to have a direct effect on their QOL. Thus, the healthcare team needs to alleviate patients’ distress in order to improve the quality of life in cervical cancer survivors.
Now wild horse paintings are available for sale. You can select any one and make a style statement in your home or office. This is definitely impressive.
Barriers to Access Quality Healthcare Services among Physically Challenged Pe...Premier Publishers
Despite the increase in the number of health services provided and Kenya’s commitment to equal access to quality healthcare for all by the year 2030, the physically challenged persons still find difficulty in accessing health services for reasons attributable to health care related factors. This study targeted the physically challenged persons in Gem Sub-county, Kenya. Stratified and systematic random sampling was used to select 108 people with physical disability. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS, version 23. Descriptive data were summarized in tables and charts while x2 test was used to detect the relationship between relevant variables (α= 0.05). This study confirmed that environmental accessibility of the hospitals, their location and infrastructure leading to the hospitals greatly influence ability of people with physical disabilities to access quality healthcare(p<0.05). All the healthcare facilities were not adequately equipped to handle people with disabilities. The healthcare system-related factors had influence negatively on access of quality care to the physically handicapped persons in Gem sub County.
Evidence for Public Health Decision MakingVineetha K
The presentation gives an overview of evidence based public health with emphasis on the seven steps of EBPH Framework. It also includes the data sources to search for evidence and relevant articles explaining the current trend in decision making. One of the sources of the presentation is from EBPH training series by Rocky Mountain foundation. The link is provided in the end slide. Do contact me if you need any help with the resources.
Call for action :expanding Cancer care in india Earnest and Young report Healthcare consultant
The context of cancer care in India is characterized by high incidence, late detection, lack of access to quality affordable care to majority of the populace and hence high mortality. It is agonising to observe high percentage of late detection owing to issues of access, affordability and awareness given that both the cost and success of treatment is favourably skewed towards earlier detection in a significant manner, leave alone the anguish of the family that has to negotiate with the reality of losing their loved one knowing that it is a travesty, not tragedy, of destiny. Further, it is of great concern to observe increasing deterioration of the key risk factors that contribute to the sickness, viz. use of alcohol/tobacco, obesity, environmental pollution etc. It is imperative for the stakeholders of Indian healthcare to address this growing menace before it becomes a national catastrophe.
Governance issues of health screening and the practice of periodic physical examination in Thailand. Presented in Joint Conference of Medical Sciences Chula-Rama-Siriraj (JCMS2015) 2015.6.4
Healthcare Utilization and Self-assessed Health in Turkey: Evidence from the ...Economic Research Forum
Firat Bilgel - Okan University
Burhan Can Karahasan - Piri Reis University
ERF Workshop on The Economics of Healthcare in the ERF Region
Cairo, Egypt - May 23, 2016
www.erf.org.eg
Role of Biostatistician and Biostatistical Programming in Epidemiological Stu...PEPGRA Healthcare
Pepgra experts provide regulatory biostatistics and epidemiology statistical programming support to all phases of clinical trial process development and commercialization. Our Epidemiological statistical services is are located globally & trained in current methods and standards to support the successful execution of your projects.
Continue Reading: http://bit.ly/2OBq9EZ
Youtube: https://youtu.be/2NORssElgFg
Contact Us:
Website : https://bit.ly/33Fwsye
Email us: sales.cro@pepgra.com
India: +91 9884350006
United Kingdom: +44- 74248 10299
This report highlights the main findings from the EIU assessment of value-based healthcare (VBHC) alignment in 25 countries. The study was commissioned by Medtronic, a global technology and medical devices company. As VBHC is an early-stage concept and model, this study was an effort to establish a standard of evaluation of value-based healthcare alignment and establish the core components of the enabling environment for VBHC.
Evaluating the Quality of Life and Social Support in Patients with Cervical C...CrimsonpublishersTTEH
Aims: Purposes of this descriptive correlational research were to 1) describe quality of life and social support and 2) look at the correlation of certain factors and quality of life in women with cervical cancer after treatment. Methods: Fifty-three women diagnosed with cervical cancer who were followed up after finished the treatments at the Gynecological outpatient department of a university hospital in 2016.They were asked to fill 3 questionnaires; 1) the general information; 2) Social support; and 3) Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACT-Cervix). Alpha Cronbach’s coefficients for the social support was .73 and for the FACT-Cervix was .91. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistic and Spearman Rank Test.Result: Results showed that participants’ age was ranged from 30 to 86, mean=55.15 (SD=10.05). Social support was about 29 to 59, mean=48.23 (SD=6.76). Symptom distress was from 0 to 9, mean=3.36 (SD=2.83). For quality of life was diverted from 75 to159, mean=126.02 (SD=21.09). The results discovered that there was no correlation between age and social support with the quality of life, however, there was negative correlation between symptom distress and quality of life with r=-.40 at p=0.003.Conclusion: This study disclosed that social support for this women’s group could not help to improve their quality of life. Their symptom distress seems to have a direct effect on their QOL. Thus, the healthcare team needs to alleviate patients’ distress in order to improve the quality of life in cervical cancer survivors.
Now wild horse paintings are available for sale. You can select any one and make a style statement in your home or office. This is definitely impressive.
Unison Lawn Equipments, Jalandhar, was incorporated in the year 2004, and is one of the leading manufacturers and exporters of Hand & Garden Tools and Shot Blasting Machines.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Self-Medication among Medical Studentsiosrjce
Self-medication is a common practice worldwide and the irrational use of the drugs is a major
cause of concern. Self-medication is an issue with serious global implication. The current study aimed to
determine the Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior of self-medication by medical students. A descriptive crosssectional
study was conducted among medical students currently studying first year to assess knowledge,
attitude and practice regarding self-medication in Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Nepal. Seventy five
students studying in first year were selected for the study using stratified random sampling technique and data
was collected using a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. The study finding revealed, the mean age
of 75 enrolled students was 20 years, 65.3% were in the age group of 17-20 years. Most of them were female
(72%). Seventy three point three percent belong to urban area. Prevalence rate of self-medication of one year
period seems high i.e. 84% and 68.25% in were females. The most common sources of information used by the
respondent were pharmacist (60.31%) and text book (46.03%). More than half of the respondent found to have
a good knowledge about self-medication regarding definition, adverse effect and different types of drug. The
attitude was positive towards self-medication and favored self-medication saying that it was acceptable. The
principal morbidities for seeking self-medication include cold and cough as reported by 85.7% followed by pain
76.2%, fever 73%, diarrhea 47.6% and dysmenorrheal 46%. Drugs / drugs group commonly used for selfmedication
included analgesics 75.8%, and anta-acids 53.2% and antipyretic 46.3%. Among reasons for
seeking self-medication, 79.2% felt that their illness was minor while 61.9% preferred as it is due to previous
experience. This study shows that self-medication is widely practiced among first year students of this medical
institution. There is dire need to make them aware about the pros and cons of self-medication in order to ensure
safe usage of drugs.
Inadequate management of asthma can lead to physical handicap and death. The study aimedto assess knowledge and practice of
asthmatic participants for use meter dose inhaler device. A descriptive study involved 105 participants, conducted at public
hospitals in Khartoum state from July to October2014. Questionnaire and observational check list were used for data collection.
The study enrolled (51%) female and (49%) male. Most of participants their age group ranged, between 36 to 45 years, (35%)
were workers and (31%) received University education while 44 % had a chronic asthma. Level of participant’s knowledge was a
very good regard care and storage of the device; sequent (77% - 79%). There were(64%) had moderate level of knowledge for
preparation dose (69%) replacing inhaler device and cleaning mouthpiece (60%), while 56% had very poor knowledge to rinse
mouth after puff. A highly significant difference between the level of knowledge and education (P value<0.001) regard replacing
the inhaler device, and cleansing mouthpiece. All participants demonstrated correct technique of using inhaler device, position,
removed, pressed replacement the cap, shaking inhaler device and took deep breath. While half of them had moderate skill level
for opened mouth technique, continuous breathing and rinsed mouth after puffuse, and fewer of participants had poor technique
during repeating the puff. Most of participants reflected moderate to poor level of knowledge and have very good practice for
correct used inhaler meter device; this reveals the discrepancy between knowledge and practice.
Determine the Patients' Satisfaction Concerning In-hospital Information Progr...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care.
Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice
Trends shaping corporate health in the workplaceApollo Hospitals
The paradigm for corporate health is morphing from traditional curative services to health protection and promotion. An epidemic of “lifestyle diseases” has developed in the India which warrants an organized integration of company's health, safety and environment policy through a directed wellness program. The current study explored the burden and determinants of lifestyle diseases among an organization.
A Study Regarding Knowledge of Anti Biotic Resistance among Engineering Stude...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
American Research Journal of Humanities & Social Science (ARJHSS) is a double blind peer reviewed, open access journal published by (ARJHSS).
The main objective of ARJHSS is to provide an intellectual platform for the international scholars. ARJHSS aims to promote interdisciplinary studies in Humanities & Social Science and become the leading journal in Humanities & Social Science in the world.
Running head INFECTION PREVENTION1INFECTION PREVENTION.docxjeanettehully
Running head: INFECTION PREVENTION 1
INFECTION PREVENTION 15
Phase # 2 Infection Prevention
Literature Review
Healthcare acquired infections constitute a major public health issue and it is affecting millions of people on a yearly basis. The approximation from the recent studies is showing more than 5 percent of the hospitalized patients are exposed to nosocomial infections. Many studies further show that the surgical site infections are the common infections associated with nosocomial infections and it is contributing to about 30 percent of all healthcare acquired infections cases.
Study by Ayed et al (2015) shows that healthcare providers are continuously exposed to pathogens which are sometimes severe and lethal. Nurses specifically are more exposed to different infections during the course of providing healthcare services to the patients. This study indicates that it is therefore crucial for nurses to possess sound knowledge as well as strict adherence to the infection control practices. Updating the acquaintance and the practices of nurses through involvement in ongoing in-service educational programs and putting more focus on the role of the current evidence-based practices of infection prevention in the continuous training is important. Provision of the training to the newly recruited nurses regarding the infection control frequently as well as replicating the study through observation checklist is necessary in assessing the level of practice (Imad, Ayed, Faeda, & Lubna, 2015).
Study by Desta et al (2018) reveals that working experience is a stronger predictor of the knowledge in relation to the prevention of the infection. In this study, the goal was to the relationship between the acquaintance, practice and connected aspects of infection prevention among healthcare employees. Education level is a key determinant to the level of experience when it comes to the control or the prevention of infections. According to this study, it is clear that healthcare providers with advanced experience as well as advanced age are significantly linked with the knowledge. This is basically based on the fact that as healthcare providers are getting older, they are more likely to have advance knowledge due to their experiences as well as having worked with their seniors (Desta, Ayenew, Sitotaw, Tegegne, Dires, & Getie, 2018).
Teshager et al (2015) also studies the knowledge, practices, and the related aspects towards the reduction or prevention of the surgical site infections among nurses who were employed in Amhara Regional State Referral healthcare facilities, in the Northwest Ethiopia. This study looked at some of the factors linked with the knowledge of the nurses regarding the preventi ...
The effect of Nurse Staffing on Quality of Care and Patient Satisfaction in t...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT:Nurse staffing is an important component in determining patient care quality and satisfaction.
This study was aimed at assessing the effect of nurse staffing on quality of care and patient satisfaction in the
medical and surgical wards in the public hospitals in Fako.This retrospective and analytic cross-sectional study
used the hospital administrative data to gather staffing information (the number of nurses, the nursing staff
constitution) and data was collected from patients in the medical and surgical wards in public hospitals in Fako
using an adapted “Karen-patient instrument for measuring quality of care” and the “Patient Satisfaction with
Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire” over a period of 2 months. The probability proportionate to size sampling
was applied to get the appropriate sample size. Data collected was analysed using SPSS version 25.The overall
nurse to patient ratio was 1:9.2.Based on the mean score, 47.1% of patients had good quality of nursing care
while 52.9% had poor quality of nursing care. Half of the participants (50.4%) were satisfied with the overall
nursing services while 49.6% were not satisfied. There was a significant relationship between mean patient to
nurse ratio and quality of care as well as patient satisfaction (p<0.001 and p=0.02 respectively).The overall
nurse to patient ratio was 1:9.2. The overall quality of nursing care was poor and patient satisfaction was
moderate. The study found a relationship between staffing and quality of care as well as patient satisfaction.
Keywords:Nurse Staffing, Patients, Patient’s Satisfaction, Quality of Care
How Surgical Residency Has Derailed During The COVID-19 Pandemic: An Appraisalsemualkaira
COVID-19 pandemic has immensely impacted all walks of life and all professions including our surgical residency training program. To gauge this impact on surgical residencies around the world, we searched for literature in Medline database and shortlisted 25 articles that are relevant to this topic and reviewed them.
INFLUENCE OF HEALTH SERVICE PROVIDER COMPETENCY ON UTILIZATION OF UNIVERSAL H...Premier Publishers
Health workers competency is very critical in realization of quality health care which is a major pillar of Universal Health Coverage. This study assessed the influence of healthcare provider competency on Universal Health Coverage utilization in Seme Sub County, Kisumu County. The study targeted community households and health facility managers. The health facilities were stratified according to their tiers and randomly sampled. The catchment population was stratified by locations and a proportionate sampling technique applied in each stratum giving a computed sample of 377 participants. The descriptive statistics were summarized using tables and charts, while logistic regression was used to determine relationship between variables. The results revealed that quite a number of health service providers are not competent enough in their departments of operation and there is no periodic training on new guidelines. This study further revealed a statistical effect on competency of health service provider on UHC (OR=2.29, 95%CI=1.02-5.15, p<0.05). Healthcare service provider competency levels have direct significant influence on utilization of UHC services by community members.
Knowledge and attitudes towards complementary and alternative medicine among ...home
Majority of the medical students were familiar with the CAM methods widely used in Turkey, while
most of them had positive attitudes towards CAM as well as willingness to receive training on the subject, and they
were likely to recommend CAM methods to their patients in their future professional lives. With its gradual scientific
development and increasing popularity, there appears a need for a coordinated policy in integrating CAM into the
medical curriculum, by taking expectations of and feedback from medical students into consideration in setting
educational standards
Patients' satisfaction towards doctors treatmentmustafa farooqi
The mood of the care recipient to see if the impression (expectations) of service are met by the patient may be defined as patient satisfaction. The current perspective on service efficiency tends to be that patient treatment meets public standards and requirements in terms of interpersonal support as well as professional assistance. (Hardy et al. 1996). For various reasons, customer satisfactions in the healthcare industry have been investigated. First it was important to decide on the extent and the degree to which patient care seekers, the meeting of drugs criteria and the continuous use of these services have effect, satisfaction as a quality of service metric, as well as allowing doctors and health services to better appreciate and use the input of the patient. (Ong et al. 2000). Consumer satisfaction with healthcare services is a multi-panel term that refers to the core facets of treatment and suppliers, while PS medical services with the quality enhancement systems from the patient context, full control of quality and the intended outcomes of services are considered to be of primary importance (Janicijevic et al. 2013). The Pakistani health system is being changed somewhat and there are wonderful scope for applying standard of services to health care. Patients in Pakistan now have access to increased quality health care. Obviously, the staff and staff are the most important winners of a successful health care environment of every community sector framework (Bakari et al. 2019). The medical clinic of today's study is the product of a long and complicated war of civilization to quantify produce and study and to give thought to the thoughtful (Fullman et al. 2017).
Patients' satisfaction towards doctors treatmentmustafa farooqi
The mood of the care recipient to see if the impression (expectations) of service are met by the patient may be defined as patient satisfaction. The current perspective on service efficiency tends to be that patient treatment meets public standards and requirements in terms of interpersonal support as well as professional assistance. (Hardy et al. 1996).
For various reasons, customer satisfactions in the healthcare industry have been investigated. First it was important to decide on the extent and the degree to which patient care seekers, the meeting of drugs criteria and the continuous use of these services have effect, satisfaction as a quality of service metric, as well as allowing doctors and health services to better appreciate and use the input of the patient. (Ong et al. 2000).
Consumer satisfaction with healthcare services is a multi-panel term that refers to the core facets of treatment and suppliers, while PS medical services with the quality enhancement systems from the patient context, full control of quality and the intended outcomes of services are considered to be of primary importance (Janicijevic et al. 2013).
The Pakistani health system is being changed somewhat and there are wonderful scope for applying standard of services to health care. Patients in Pakistan now have access to increased quality health care. Obviously, the staff and staff are the most important winners of a successful health care environment of every community sector framework (Bakari et al. 2019).
The medical clinic of today's study is the product of a long and complicated war of civilization to quantify produce and study and to give thought to the thoughtful (Fullman et al. 2017).
Occupational exposure to blood & body fluids among the nursing staff in a ter...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Factors Hindering Adolescents from Utilizing Reproductive Health Services in ...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
Factors Hindering Adolescents from Utilizing Reproductive Health Services in Kampala International University Teaching Hospital
Emannuel Gutaka 1, Martin Odoki 2, Francis Okedi 3 and *Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu4
1Kampala International University Teaching Hospital and Research (KIU-THR), P.O Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda.
2Department of Microbiology, Kampala International University Western Campus (KIU-WC), P.O Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda.
3Department of Surgery, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital and research (KIU-THR) , P.O Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda.
4Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Uganda.
________________________________________
ABSTRACT
In Uganda, only 19% of adolescents utilize adolescents’ reproductive health services yet complications of pregnancy, abortions, and childbirth are the leading cause of disability and death among the same age group. The purpose of this study was to assess factors that were contributing to the low utilization of adolescents’ reproductive health services. A quantitative cross-sectional study employed simple random sampling among 85 adolescents that were attending Kampala international university outpatient clinic. Results found out that majority 46(53.4) of adolescents were aged from 15-16 years, 46(53.4%) were male, 28(32.5%) were Catholics most 81(94.1%) were single. 18(36%) had got the information from their friends, 28(56%) of adolescents said that the information about adolescents' reproductive health services was not freely shared in their communities and 33(66%) said that their communities did not accept adolescents sexual reproductive health services where 7(50%) gave a reason they expected to be young to have sexual intercourse. 43(86%) of adolescents were from within 1-5km, 28(73.8%) mentioned lack of privacy at the facility, and 30(79%) said that health workers segregated adolescents that needed similar reproductive health services. In conclusion, factors that were contributing to the low hindering utilization of adolescents’ reproductive health services were both demographic, socio-economic, and facility related.
Keywords: Adolescents, Reproductive, Health Services, Uganda.
Gender Differences in Motivational Factors towards Medical Career Choiceiosrjce
The present study aims to study motivations of students in choosing the medical profession and
whether these motivations are different, gender wise along with their demographic features. The study was
conducted on 150 students of MIMER Medical College, Pune. Demographic result of the study indicated that
enrolment in medical faculty was more by girls (83) than by boys (67) and majority of students came from
medical family. A primary motivation factor in girls was patient care, interest in science, career opportunity
and personal skills. While in boys it was patient care, interest in science, status –security, self-employment. To
pursue the medical profession other motivating factors was number of attempts in medical entrance exam held,
there was no difference found in both gender statistically. But statistically significance was found gender wise,
in getting encouragement from family, in girls it was more encouragement. Also statistic significance was found
in girls for deciding the career choice before X classes compare to boy students, indicating girls are early
decider
Enhancing the quality of life for palliative care cancer patients in Indonesi...UniversitasGadjahMada
Palliative care in Indonesia is problematic because of cultural and socio-economic factors. Family in Indonesia is an integral part of caregiving process in inpatient and outpatient settings. However, most families are not adequately prepared to deliver basic care for their sick family member. This research is a pilot project aiming to evaluate how basic skills training (BST) given to family caregivers could enhance the quality of life (QoL) of palliative care cancer patients in Indonesia. The study is a prospective quantitative with pre and post-test design. Thirty family caregivers of cancer patients were trained in basic skills including showering, washing hair, assisting for fecal and urinary elimination and oral care, as well as feeding at bedside. Patients’ QoL were measured at baseline and 4 weeks after training using EORTC QLQ C30. Hypothesis testing was done using related samples Wilcoxon Signed Rank. A paired t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to check in which subgroups was the intervention more significant. The intervention showed a significant change in patients’ global health status/QoL, emotional and social functioning, pain, fatigue, dyspnea, insomnia, appetite loss, constipation and financial hardship of the patients. Male patient’s had a significant effect on global health status (qol) (p = 0.030); female patients had a significant effect on dyspnea (p = 0.050) and constipation (p = 0.038). Younger patients had a significant effect in global health status/ QoL (p = 0.002). Patients between 45 and 54 years old had significant effect on financial issue (p = 0.039). Caregivers between 45 and 54 years old had significant effect on patients’ dyspnea (p = 0.031). Thus, it is concluded that basic skills training for family caregivers provided some changes in some aspects of QoL of palliative cancer patients. The intervention showed promises in maintaining the QoL of cancer patients considering socioeconomic
and cultural challenges in the provision of palliative care in Indonesia.
An Examination of Effectuation Dimension as Financing Practice of Small and M...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Does Goods and Services Tax (GST) Leads to Indian Economic Development?iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Childhood Factors that influence success in later lifeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Emotional Intelligence and Work Performance Relationship: A Study on Sales Pe...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Customer’s Acceptance of Internet Banking in Dubaiiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study of Employee Satisfaction relating to Job Security & Working Hours amo...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Consumer Perspectives on Brand Preference: A Choice Based Model Approachiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Student`S Approach towards Social Network Sitesiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Broadcast Management in Nigeria: The systems approach as an imperativeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study on Retailer’s Perception on Soya Products with Special Reference to T...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study Factors Influence on Organisation Citizenship Behaviour in Corporate ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Consumers’ Behaviour on Sony Xperia: A Case Study on Bangladeshiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Design of a Balanced Scorecard on Nonprofit Organizations (Study on Yayasan P...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Public Sector Reforms and Outsourcing Services in Nigeria: An Empirical Evalu...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Media Innovations and its Impact on Brand awareness & Considerationiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Customer experience in supermarkets and hypermarkets – A comparative studyiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Social Media and Small Businesses: A Combinational Strategic Approach under t...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Secretarial Performance and the Gender Question (A Study of Selected Tertiary...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Implementation of Quality Management principles at Zimbabwe Open University (...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Organizational Conflicts Management In Selected Organizaions In Lagos State, ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Hemodialysis: Chapter 3, Dialysis Water Unit - Dr.Gawad
Health Behavior of Undergraduates and Service Utilization of University Health Centre
1. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 14, Issue 12 Ver. IV (Dec. 2015), PP 72-78
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/0853-141247278 www.iosrjournals.org 72 | Page
Health Behavior of Undergraduates and Service Utilization of
University Health Centre
Oluyombo Rotimi1
*, AkinleyeCallistus A2
, Oluyombo Olubukola3
,
BabatundeOluwole A4
and Fajewonyomi Benjamin A5
1
Renal Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
2
Department of Community Medicine, LadokeAkintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo,
Osun state, Nigeria.
3
Department of Medical Microbiology, LadokeAkintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo,
Osun State, Nigeria.
4
Department of Community Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
5
Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, College of Health Sciences, ObafemiAwolowo University,
Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
Abstract:
Introduction: The health services in higher institutions are to aid in providing treatment, information and
education about health. Unfortunately, services available are not being utilized appropriately. Assessment of
utilization is a main approach to understand the functioning of the health services. This study aimed to know the
behavioural pattern and factors that influence the utilization of available health services among
undergraduates.
Method: This was a cross sectional descriptive study of 250 undergraduates selected using random sampling
technique from four faculties out of thirteen faculties in the institution. Self-administered pre-tested
questionnaires were used to gather information from the participants.
Results: Majority, 177(70.8%) were males, 190 (76%) had registered with the health centre and those who did
not, 67.4% were of the opinion that registration procedure is clumsy. Among 142 students who were ill, 45.8%
utilized the health centre. Of those that sought alternative means of treatment, 70.7% used self-medication
(over-the-counter), while 15.2% visited private hospitals, 41.8% believed that alternative means were prompt in
response to their health needs while 24.6% believed drugs were not usually available in the health centre.
Conclusion: Factors that influence utilization of university health centre are income, course of study,
registration with health centre and perceived severity of illness. These factors identified among undergraduates
in this study are amenable to policy change in order to improve utilization.
Key words:Utilization, behaviour, undergraduates, health.
I. Introduction
Health services in higher institutions are to provide prompt and qualitative treatment, adequate and
appropriate information and education about health. Students are not only concerned about their health but also
feel susceptible concerning certain areas of their health and need intervention (WHO, 2013). This is in addition
to overwhelming social structures which encourage endangered health risk behaviours(Stevens 2004)with grave
implications and long term consequences if no early intervention. Unfortunately, in some places, services
available and provided are not being utilized as expected for various reasons.
Although, undergraduates, majority of who are youths are vulnerable, the tendency to overlook young
people’s health by policy makers is high (nigeria.unfpa.org, Fletcher et al., 2007)(Feldman, 2012; Keefe, 2011).
More than 2.6 million young people aged 10-24 die each year, mostly due to preventable or treatable causes
(Patton et al., 2009). The situation is worse in Sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia where two-thirds of all
deaths of young people occur (Patton et al., 2009; Blum, 2009). In Nigeria, youths form a significant integral
component of her population. Young peoples’ health that undergraduates represent should be given adequate
and appropriate attention it deserves. Youths are the leaders of future and should be treasured with efforts to
eliminate as much barriers to attaining their potentials as they transit. One way is to encourage young people to
utilize the available services in time of ill-health as this reduces emergency use and hospitalization (Young et
al., 2001; Santelliet al., 1986).
Utilization of health services has both short and long- term benefits. McNallet al reported that as
various acute illnesses and stress were treated among students that utilize school health centres, they were
noticed to have strong academic performance, healthy mind and body.According to UNFPA, about two-thirds of
premature deaths and one-third of the total disease burden in adults are associated with conditions that began in
their youth (nigeria.unfpa.org). For instance, utilization of health centre encourages early diagnosis ofconditions
2. Health Behavior of Undergraduates and Service Utilization of University Health Centre
DOI: 10.9790/0853-141247278 www.iosrjournals.org 73 | Page
such as chronic kidney disease which has been reported to be prevalent among the productive age group in
Nigeria (Bamgboye, 2006, Oluyomboet al 2014). With good utilization of health facilities, many chronic
diseases could be diagnosed early with progression delayed or halted(Barker, 1994; Barbi and Vaupel, 2005;
Finch and Crimmins, 2004).
Health care utilization is influenced by predisposing, needs, and enabling factors (Anderson 1995,
Webber et al., 2003). Need generates the purpose of utilization. People view health and use the services
available differently. Symptoms that are more severe are seen as conditions that would need medical attention,
whereas conditions that run predictable course are usually, hitherto, wrongly considered as not needing medical
attention (Foster and Anderson, 1980; Wade et al., 2008; Narrow et al., 2000). Health beliefs from socio-cultural
perspectives and background could have either positive or negative influence on health seeking behaviour. The
location of the facility, premises, opening hours, and complicated bureaucratic procedures, attitudes of staff and
quality of the care are all organizational processes that can affect utilization of health care facility (Patton et al.,
2009; Nai-Peng and Siow-li, 2013; Awoyemiet al., 2011). The assessment of utilization of the available health
facilities is a main approach to understand the functioning of health services available. It is a measure of
performance as it creates room for improvement in service delivery. Thus, this study is designed to know the
behavioural pattern and identify the factors that influence undergraduates in the utilization of health care facility
available within the institution.
II. Methodology
This study was a cross sectional study. The university is a Federal Institution in South West Nigeria.
Information about the students’ population was obtained from the student record office. There were 13 faculties
and two colleges –the Postgraduate College and the College of Health Sciences in the university. The university
offers undergraduate and postgraduate programmes and it is situated within 300 m of the halls of residence. It is
a primary health care centre with 24-hour service of operation and 16 bed spaces for admitting patients.
Registration with the health centre is for a fee to be paid for medical tests by the students but subsequently,
treatment is free. A semi-structured questionnaire was designed to obtain information on bio-data and
retrospective evaluation of health care behaviour toward the university health centre during the preceding 6
months as measured by consultation.
Four (4) faculties were randomly selected out of the 13 faculties. The faculties were (Environmental
design and Management, Engineering and Technology, Social sciences and Basic Medical Sciences) and the
students were from first year to final year in the university. The administrations of questionnaires were
scheduled outside normal class hours to reduce disruption of academic programme. The questionnaire sought
information on demographic characteristics and their health-seeking behaviour in the previous six (6) months
before the time of the study.Questionnaire was pre-tested and modified accordingly. Only full-time
undergraduate students who reside in the halls of residence were included in the study. Informed written consent
was taken from the participants. The study was approved by the ethical committee of the College of Health
Sciences of the University.
Analysis: Descriptive analysis of data was done to determine frequencies, percentages and standard deviation.
Chi-square was used to compare the categorical variables. Relationship between utilization of health centre and
other variables were determined. The level of significance was p < 0.05.
III. Results
Age of the participants ranged between 15-29 years. Majority, 177(70.8%) were males. Table 1 shows
the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. One hundred and ninety (76%) participants have
registered with the health centre and 41 (68.4%) out of 60 students who did not register with the health centre
believed that the registration is clumsy. No student complained of the cost of registration as a reason for not
registering.
3. Health Behavior of Undergraduates and Service Utilization of University Health Centre
DOI: 10.9790/0853-141247278 www.iosrjournals.org 74 | Page
Table 1: Socio-demographic characteristics of respondents.
Variable N (%)
Gender
Male 177 (70.8)
Female 73 (29.2)
Age
15-19 21 (8.4)
20-24 147 (58.8)
25-29 41 (16.4)
>30 41 (16.4)
Ethnicity
Yoruba 211 (84.4)
Igbo 25 (10.0)
Hausa 1 (0.4)
Others 13 (5.2)
Marital status
Single 248 (99.2)
Married 2 (0.8)
Faculty
Social sciences 58 (23.2)
Technology/Engineering 61 (24.4)
Basic Medical Sciences 65 (26.0)
Environmental design and Management 66 (26.4)
Year/Level in University
1 42 (16.8)
2 79(31.6)
3 28 (28.0)
4 77 (30.8)
5 24 (9.6)
Average Monthly income
Low 68 (27.2)
Medium 49 (19.6)
High 133 (53.2)
Registration with Health Centre
Yes 190 (76.0)
No 60 (24.0)
Previous utilization of health facility prior university admission
Good 203 (81.2)
Fair 39 (15.6)
Poor 8 (3.2)
One hundred and forty two (49.3%) of the respondents took ill once in the preceding six months.
Figure 1 shows the distribution of health conditions among the participating students. Majority (69.2%) had
malaria and/or fever related conditions. In all, 65 (45.8%) utilized the university health centre out of 142
students who took ill in the preceding six months.
Figure 1: Distribution of health conditions among participants
Figure 1: Distribution of health conditions among participants
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Malaria/Fever
Abdominal complaint
Diarrhoea
Sore throat/cough
4. Health Behavior of Undergraduates and Service Utilization of University Health Centre
DOI: 10.9790/0853-141247278 www.iosrjournals.org 75 | Page
Although not statistically significant, more females (56.8%) than males utilized the health facility
(p=0.077) (Table 2).
Of the 99 respondents who sought alternative (other avenues of health care) means, 70.7% used self-
medication (over the counter drugs), 15.2% had visited private hospitals and 4.1% attended traditional homes.
Fifty six (41.8%) of those who sought alternatives believed that the services were prompt and 24.6% were of the
opinion that drugs were not readily available in the centre. Students from faculty of health sciences recorded the
highest utilization while students from environmental design and management had the least utilization
(p=0.002). Although, there was no statistical significance, students in 500 level (5th year) appear to utilize the
health centre more than other students in lower levels (Table 2). Undergraduates with lower income utilized
health centre more than their better-off counterparts (55.3% vs. 45.5%, p=0.048). Entire participants with
abdominal complaint reported at the health centre, while 39.2% with malaria reported utilization of health centre
(p=0.008).
Table 2. Factors affecting utilization of university health center by the students.
Factors Utilization, n=65 (%) Non-Utilization, n=77 (%) p-value
Gender
Male 40 (40.8) 58 (59.2)
0.077
Female 25 (56.8) 19 (43.2)
Age
15-19 10 (83.3.0) 2 (16.7)
0.122
20-24 39 (44.3) 49 (55.7)
25-29 16(55.2) 13 (44.8)
Faculty
Health Sciences 29 (64.4) 16 (35.6)
0.002
Social Sciences 8 (28.6) 20 (71.4)
Technology/Engineering 19 (52.8) 17 (47.2)
Environmental design and Management 9 (27.3) 24 (72.7)
Year on Campus
1 11 (50.0) 11 (50.0)
0.409
2 19 (44.2) 24 (54.8)
3 5 (31.3) 12 (68.7)
4 20 (45.5) 24 (54.5)
5 10 58.8) 6 (41.2)
Monthly Income
Low 36 (59.0) 25 (41.0)
0.048Medium 13(29.5) 31 (70.5)
High 16 (45.7) 19 (54.3)
Previous utilization before university admission
Good 59 (45.7) 70 (54.3)
0.976
Fair 6 (46.2) 7 (53.8)
Registration with Health Centre
Yes 65 (58.6) 46 (41.4)
0.000No 0 (0.0) 31 (100.)
Frequency of illness
1 35 (48.6) 36 (51.4)
0.517
2 17 (37.8) 28 (62.2)
>3 13 (50.0) 13 (50.0)
Nature of illness
Malaria/Fever 40 (40.0) 60 (60.0)
0.008
Abdominal complaint 7 (100.0) 0 (0.0)
Dysentary/Diarrhoea 6 (46.2) 7 (53.8)
Respiratory tract infection 2 (22.2) 7 (77.8)
Others 7 (70.0) 3 (30.0%)
NB: Frequency of illness is the number of times participants have been ill in the past preceding six months
before the study.
IV. Discussion
In all, 45.8% of the students reported an incidence of utilization of the university health centre. This is
higher than the reports of 38.7% from Ethiopia (Mesganaw and Getu, 2003) and among postgraduate students in
Pakistan (Manzooret al., 2009). Brittoet al. (2001) reported non-utilization of health facility in over 45% of
students. In a report from US, utilization of health facilities by students was 59% (Wade et al., 2008). There is
5. Health Behavior of Undergraduates and Service Utilization of University Health Centre
DOI: 10.9790/0853-141247278 www.iosrjournals.org 76 | Page
higher proportion of females utilizing the health centre. Majority of the participants in this study are in the
reproductive age group. One important factor is the biological perspectives of males and females. There tend to
be more of gynaecological concerns around this age group. However, none of the participants gave
gynaecological reasons for utilization and this may be because for social implication as deemed by female
students. Other groups have reported gender differences in utilization of health facilities other than pregnancy
and birth (Pastor et al., 1998; Anglinet al., 1996, Hyun et al 2006). In addition, the possible barrier of culture,
tradition and belief where females has to take permission from their husbands to seek health assistance (Rani
and Bonu, 2003) has been removed. Students are free and not under the strict control of their parents in school.
Level of education (Mesganaw and Getu, 2003, Wade et al., 2008 and Manzooret al., 2009) and ability to make
decision positively affect utilization (Awoyemiet al., 2011; Arcuryet al., 2005).
Undergraduates from faculty of health sciences utilize the university health centre more than any other
faculty. This is contrary to the reports of Hooper et al. (2005) who reported that medical students do not pass
through their doctors while seeking health care. However, students in faculty of health sciences are a mixture of
medical and other health-related students and this might have contributed to the increased utilization observed in
this cohort. Increased knowledge(Blackwell et al., 2009) and experience acquired in training by the students
from this faculty could also explain higher utilization.
In this study, students with low income significantly have increased utilization of health centre.
Accessing health services in the university centre is free once student is registered. Non-payment for services
(consultation and purchase of drugs) encouragesutilization of health centre by low –income students.User fee
negatively influences utilization and its abolition improves access to health care facility (Pastor et al., 1998,
Narrow et al., 2000, Lagardeet al., 2008) and promotes equity in service access(Brittoet al., 2010, Bronwyn et
al; 2011). Although, many institutions in Nigeria today have subscribed for National health Insurance and
tertiary institution health insurance scheme, there is still a vast limitation as to the conditions the scheme covers.
Registration with the health centre affects its utilization by the participants. None of the students who
did not register with the health centre accessed the service even though they have been ill. The respondents
claimed clumsiness in registrationand bureaucracy as the major reasons. Registration encourages good practice,
continuity of information as well as early problem recognition. However, the fact that registration with the
health centre is a sine qua non to utilization, the process of registration should be simplified and made friendly
to enable students’ unrestricted access to the services of the health centre(Brittoet al., 2010).
A good proportion of participants sought alternatives to health centre with two-third using herbal
concoction. The reasons for seeking alternatives were prompt attention, readily available drugs and personalized
private service. Delay or long waiting time promotes use of complementary and alternative medicine. Increased
waiting time and non-availability of drugs make patients unhappy, lose trust and encourages non-utilization
(Ayers and Kronnefeld, 2012). To encourage utilization, the structural and administrative organization of health
system should be adjusted to facilitate accessibility and “bring services closer” to the users. It is worrisome that
these participants resulted to taking herbal concoction as an alternative. Many of these herbs are untested and
unregulated (Angell and Kassirer, 1998) and have been found to be associated withorgan damage for instance,
acute kidney injury (Kadiriet al 1999,Anochie and Eke 2005). One way to prevent this is to encourage
utilization of formal health service which the university health centre provides.
All Participants with abdominal complaints reported at the health centre. There are reports of
association between illness severity and hospital utilization (Fletcher et al., 2007; Suleet al., 2008). How illness
is perceived determines whether or not, when and/or where that individual will seek for health care (Anderson
1995, Hooper et al., 2005, Anderson and Newman, 2005). Poor understanding of symptoms, risk factors and
possible complications hinders utilization of health services. Some diseases run mild courses causing increased
morbidity, irreversible damage and sometimes leading to mortality.On account of this benign course, many will
not present for early intervention. Pathogen burden due to failure to present in hospital or poor management
from use of alternatives has been linked with future development of cardiovascular diseases (Bamgboye, 2006;
Barker, 1994; Barbi and Vaupel, 2005). Therefore, utilization of health services should be encouraged among
the students to forestall this preventable occurrence, limits disability (Jekel 2007) and then promotes better
healthy and productive future.
V. Limitations
While this study provides important information as to factors affecting utilization of health services
among students, it has limitations. The clinical needs and clinical diagnosis of the students were not determined.
This may affect the type and availability of service which may translate to use of the health centre. Utilization of
the services was based on a single visit to the centre. The questionnaire was self-administered and objectivity of
the information and recall bias on the side of the students might have influenced the clinical diagnosis
mentioned in this study. This study was conducted before the introduction of health insurance to the university.
6. Health Behavior of Undergraduates and Service Utilization of University Health Centre
DOI: 10.9790/0853-141247278 www.iosrjournals.org 77 | Page
It would therefore be worthwhile for another study with a larger sample size to assess utilization of services
provided in the university health centre.
VI. Conclusion
The factors that influenced health service utilization in this study are; course of study, income,
registration with the health centre and severity of the illness. These factors are amenable to policy change. For
instance, by promoting knowledge on health education cum general symptomatology of presence of disease and
need to access available services on campus regardless of how trivial the symptoms of an illness might be. And
simplifying process of registration would go a long way increasing health care utilization. More funds should be
made available to increase drug supply and in varieties as this reassures students and increase utilization.
Implications for school health: Assessing utilization for possible change of structure and organizational
processes of health services may facilitate increased usage of health facilities. Less than 50% utilized health
service while the non-users gave reasons that are amenable to workable policy change.
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