In this review paper, we will discuss about data structure & its algorithms and their complexity. First we begin with the
introduction of data structure and the algorithm and then we discuss the relationship be tween them. Then we will discuss about
complexities of the algorithm in data structure. A data structure is a specialized format for organizing and storing data. An algorithm
is a step by step method of solving a problem. It is commonly used for data processing, calculation and other related computer and
mathematical operations. To write any program we have to select proper algorithm and the data structure. If we choose improper
data structure, algorithm cannot work effectively. Similarly, if we choose improper algorithm we cannot utilize the data structure
effectively. Thus there is a strong relationship between data structure and algorithm. The complexity of an algorithm is a me of the time and/or space required by an algorithm for an input of a given size (n).
Developing Sales Information System Application using Prototyping ModelEditor IJCATR
This research aimed to develop the system that be able to manage the sales transaction, so the transaction services will be more quickly and efficiently. The system has developed using prototyping model, which have steps including: 1) communication and initial data collection, 2) quick design, 3) formation of prototyping, 4) evaluation of prototyping, 5) repairing prototyping, and 6) the final step is producing devices properly so it can used by user. The prototyping model intended to adjust the system in accordance with its use later, made in stages so that the problems that arise will be immediately addressed. The results of this research is a software which have consumer transaction services including the purchasing services, sale, inventory management, and report for management needed purpose. Based on questionnaires given to 18 respondents obtained information on the evaluation system built, among others: 1) 88% strongly agree and 11% agree, the application can increase effectiveness and efficiently the organizations/enterprises; 2) 33% strongly agree, 62 agree, and 5% not agree, the application can meet the needs of organization/enterprise.
This document contains information about Information System Management (ISM) architecture and infrastructures. It covers the difference between architecture and infrastructures, ISA layers, concepts, representation, framework, elements, role in system development and components.
Management information system data processing and functionsMilan Padariya
A management information system document defines data processing as the collection and manipulation of data to produce meaningful information. It discusses electronic data processing as the use of automated methods to process commercial data using simple and repetitive activities to handle large volumes of similar information. Examples provided include stock updates, banking transactions, airline reservations, and utility billing. The document also defines a data processing system as a combination of machines and people that takes inputs and produces defined outputs, and lists types of data processing systems and common data processing functions.
IRJET- Intelligence Extraction using Various Machine Learning AlgorithmsIRJET Journal
This document discusses using machine learning algorithms to extract structured information from unstructured data. It begins by introducing intelligence extraction and different machine learning techniques for extraction, including supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning. It then describes a system that uses various extraction techniques, involving collecting raw data from different sources, preprocessing the data, storing the preprocessed data, and applying machine learning algorithms to classify the data into a graph format to extract structured information and store it in a database. The system aims to organize unstructured data into a more user-friendly structured format using different machine learning extraction methods.
This document defines and compares data and information. It states that data refers to raw facts and figures that are collected, while information is data that has been processed and organized into a meaningful context for users. Several types of each are defined, with data being qualitative or quantitative, and information including strategic, tactical, and operational levels. The key difference between data and information is that data is unprocessed input, while information represents structured and interpreted output.
IRJET - An Overview of Machine Learning Algorithms for Data ScienceIRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of machine learning algorithms that are commonly used for data science. It discusses both supervised and unsupervised algorithms. For supervised algorithms, it describes decision trees, k-nearest neighbors, and linear regression. Decision trees create a hierarchical structure to classify data, k-nearest neighbors classifies new data based on similarity to existing data, and linear regression finds a linear relationship between variables. Unsupervised algorithms like clustering are also briefly mentioned. The document aims to familiarize data science enthusiasts with basic machine learning techniques.
The development of modern information systems is a demanding task. New technologies and tools are designed, implemented and presented in the market on a daily bases. User needs change dramatically fast and the IT industry copes to reach the level of efficiency and adaptability for its systems in order to be competitive and up-to-date. Thus, the realization of modern information systems with great characteristics and functionalities implemented for specific areas of interest is a fact of our modern and demanding digital society and this is the main scope of this Presentation.
The document introduces information concepts such as data, information, and knowledge. It explains that data are raw facts, information is organized data that has additional meaning, and knowledge is understanding based on information. It also discusses the characteristics of valuable information for organizations and decision making as well as the components of computer-based information systems.
Developing Sales Information System Application using Prototyping ModelEditor IJCATR
This research aimed to develop the system that be able to manage the sales transaction, so the transaction services will be more quickly and efficiently. The system has developed using prototyping model, which have steps including: 1) communication and initial data collection, 2) quick design, 3) formation of prototyping, 4) evaluation of prototyping, 5) repairing prototyping, and 6) the final step is producing devices properly so it can used by user. The prototyping model intended to adjust the system in accordance with its use later, made in stages so that the problems that arise will be immediately addressed. The results of this research is a software which have consumer transaction services including the purchasing services, sale, inventory management, and report for management needed purpose. Based on questionnaires given to 18 respondents obtained information on the evaluation system built, among others: 1) 88% strongly agree and 11% agree, the application can increase effectiveness and efficiently the organizations/enterprises; 2) 33% strongly agree, 62 agree, and 5% not agree, the application can meet the needs of organization/enterprise.
This document contains information about Information System Management (ISM) architecture and infrastructures. It covers the difference between architecture and infrastructures, ISA layers, concepts, representation, framework, elements, role in system development and components.
Management information system data processing and functionsMilan Padariya
A management information system document defines data processing as the collection and manipulation of data to produce meaningful information. It discusses electronic data processing as the use of automated methods to process commercial data using simple and repetitive activities to handle large volumes of similar information. Examples provided include stock updates, banking transactions, airline reservations, and utility billing. The document also defines a data processing system as a combination of machines and people that takes inputs and produces defined outputs, and lists types of data processing systems and common data processing functions.
IRJET- Intelligence Extraction using Various Machine Learning AlgorithmsIRJET Journal
This document discusses using machine learning algorithms to extract structured information from unstructured data. It begins by introducing intelligence extraction and different machine learning techniques for extraction, including supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning. It then describes a system that uses various extraction techniques, involving collecting raw data from different sources, preprocessing the data, storing the preprocessed data, and applying machine learning algorithms to classify the data into a graph format to extract structured information and store it in a database. The system aims to organize unstructured data into a more user-friendly structured format using different machine learning extraction methods.
This document defines and compares data and information. It states that data refers to raw facts and figures that are collected, while information is data that has been processed and organized into a meaningful context for users. Several types of each are defined, with data being qualitative or quantitative, and information including strategic, tactical, and operational levels. The key difference between data and information is that data is unprocessed input, while information represents structured and interpreted output.
IRJET - An Overview of Machine Learning Algorithms for Data ScienceIRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of machine learning algorithms that are commonly used for data science. It discusses both supervised and unsupervised algorithms. For supervised algorithms, it describes decision trees, k-nearest neighbors, and linear regression. Decision trees create a hierarchical structure to classify data, k-nearest neighbors classifies new data based on similarity to existing data, and linear regression finds a linear relationship between variables. Unsupervised algorithms like clustering are also briefly mentioned. The document aims to familiarize data science enthusiasts with basic machine learning techniques.
The development of modern information systems is a demanding task. New technologies and tools are designed, implemented and presented in the market on a daily bases. User needs change dramatically fast and the IT industry copes to reach the level of efficiency and adaptability for its systems in order to be competitive and up-to-date. Thus, the realization of modern information systems with great characteristics and functionalities implemented for specific areas of interest is a fact of our modern and demanding digital society and this is the main scope of this Presentation.
The document introduces information concepts such as data, information, and knowledge. It explains that data are raw facts, information is organized data that has additional meaning, and knowledge is understanding based on information. It also discusses the characteristics of valuable information for organizations and decision making as well as the components of computer-based information systems.
This document discusses the flow of data to wisdom. It defines data, information, knowledge, and wisdom, and explains their relationships. Data is unprocessed facts and figures without meaning. Information is meaningful data that provides understanding of relationships. Knowledge represents patterns that connect information and allow for predictability. Wisdom represents an understanding of fundamental principles that form the basis of knowledge. The document also discusses the components of an information system, including input, processing, output, and feedback.
This document provides an introduction to database management systems. It discusses how database systems have become essential for organizations to store and access crucial information needed to run their businesses. The document traces the evolution of data systems from manual files to modern database management systems and examines how increasing information demands and rapid technology growth drove this transition. It also provides overviews of key database concepts like data modeling, database design, database capabilities for storage, queries and more. Finally, it outlines the roles of various people who work with databases, such as system analysts, database designers, application developers and administrators, and end users.
Data architecture in enterprise architecture is the design of data for use in...Rasmita Panda
Data architecture describes how data is structured, stored, and utilized within a system. It includes conceptual, logical, and physical descriptions of data and how it maps to different applications and locations. The data architect is responsible for defining the target state of data and ensuring minor follow ups to keep enhancements aligned. Data architecture considers all relevant data entities and identifies relationships between an organization's functions, technologies, and data types.
An information system has several main components that work together to achieve a purpose within an environment. The components include the environment, information system, information processes, participants, data/information, information technology, purpose, users, and their needs. The components interact with each other - a change in one component affects the others. The purpose defines the reason for creating the information system, and the users are people who view the system's output.
The document discusses the systems life cycle, which describes the stages of an IT project. The six main stages are analysis, design, development and testing, implementation, documentation, and evaluation. In the analysis stage, methods like observation, examining documents, questionnaires, and interviews are used to understand the current system and identify problems. In the design stage, requirements are specified and designs are made for hardware/software, data collection, reports, screens, and validation routines. In development and testing, data structures and programs are created and extensively tested. Finally, in implementation, the new system is transitioned into use, either through parallel running, direct changeover, or phased implementation. The systems life cycle aims to maximize the chances of a
Explain growth and importance of databases
Name limitations of conventional file processing
Identify five categories of databases
Explain advantages of databases
Identify costs and risks of databases
List components of database environment
Describe evolution of database systems
This document provides an overview of various system and data modelling tools, including:
1. Data flow diagrams, context diagrams, schemas, and the data dictionary for representing database structure and relationships.
2. Decision trees and decision tables for showing decision paths and outcomes.
3. Normalization for minimizing data duplication through breaking databases into smaller linked tables.
4. SQL syntax and storyboards for querying databases and representing interfaces.
Examples are given for each tool to illustrate their use in system and data modelling.
Topics in Data Management include data analysis, database management systems, data modeling, database administration, data warehousing, data mining, data quality assurance, data security, and data architecture. Data analysis involves looking at and summarizing data to extract useful information and develop conclusions. Database management systems are used to manage databases and are used by over 90% of people using computers. Data modeling is the process of structuring and organizing data to be implemented in a database. Database administrators are responsible for ensuring the security, performance, and availability of organizational data.
The document discusses key concepts related to databases including:
- Data refers to raw facts and figures that are collected and used as input for computers. Information is processed data that is meaningful and organized for decision making.
- Metadata refers to data about data, describing the meaning and relationships of other data.
- A database is an organized collection of related data that is created and maintained in tables. Examples include phone directories, library catalogs, and accounting systems.
- Components of a database system include data, hardware for storage and processing, and software for managing the data.
SSAD is an integrated set of standards and guidelines for analyzing and designing computer systems. It includes tools like data flow diagrams, data dictionaries, decision trees, structured English, and decision tables. Some key techniques of SSAD include data flow modeling, logical data structures, and entity life histories. SSAD provides benefits like improved productivity, flexibility, quality and on-time delivery, while also ensuring user needs are met. However, it also has disadvantages like large costs and time requirements for training and its document standards.
This document discusses data processing and analysis. It defines key terms like data, information, variables, and cases. It explains that data processing involves collecting, organizing, and analyzing raw data to produce useful information. The main steps in data processing are editing, coding, classification, data entry, validation, and tabulation. Types of data processing include manual, electronic data processing (EDP), real-time processing, and batch processing. The data processing cycle involves input, processing, and output stages to convert data into accurate and useful information.
The document discusses database management systems and data modeling. It begins by defining key terms like data, databases, database management systems, and data models. It then provides a brief history of database development from the 1960s to the 1980s. The rest of the document discusses database concepts in more detail, including components of a DBMS, types of database users, database administration responsibilities, data modeling techniques, and the evolution of different data models.
Rapid changes in the technology lead to increased variety of data sources. These varied data sources
generating data in the large volume and with extremely high speed. To accommodate and use this data in decision
making systems is the big challenge. To make fullest use of the valuable data generated by different systems, target
users of the analysis systems need to be increased. In general knowledge discovery process using the tools which are
available requires the handsome expertise in the domain as well as in the technology. The project ITDA (Integrated
Tool for Data Analysis) focuses to provide the complete platform for multidimensional data analysis to enhance the
decision making process in every domain. This projects provides all the techniques required to perform
multidimensional data analysis and avoids the overheads occurred by the traditional cube architecture followed by
most of the analytics system. Modelling the available data in the multidimensional form is the basis and crucial step
for multidimensional analysis. This work describes the multidimensional modelling aspect and its implementation
using ITDA project.
Application of discrete mathematics in ITShahidAbbas52
This document discusses discrete mathematics and its applications. It begins with defining discrete mathematics and providing examples of its different fields like graphs, networks, and logic. It then discusses various real-world applications of discrete mathematics in areas like computers, encryption, Google Maps, and scheduling. Discrete mathematical concepts like graphs, algorithms, and logic are widely used in fields like computer science, engineering, operations research, and social sciences.
The document discusses database design and modeling. It explains that database design represents real-world entities in a computer format using database models. It is important to understand the meaning, intended use, and application of information before designing a database. A good database design uses a database model to represent entities and associations between entities in a computer-usable form. Requirements analysis is also important for database construction, examining factors like functionality, managed information, interfaces, and security. Information modeling then identifies important entities for the application based on the requirements analysis.
A system is a set of elements and relationships between them. Systems have structure defined by components, behavior involving inputs/outputs, and interconnectivity between parts. Most systems are open and exchange matter/energy with their environment. A system can be viewed as a bounded transformation process that transforms inputs into outputs. A subsystem is a system within a larger system. An information system combines technology, people, and processes to support organizational operations and management. It has components like hardware, software, databases, and networks. Information systems are classified into operational support systems and management support systems.
Developing Sales Information System Application using Prototyping ModelEditor IJCATR
This research aimed to develop the system that be able to manage the sales transaction, so the transaction services will be
more quickly and efficiently. The system has developed using prototyping model, which have steps including: 1) communication and
initial data collection, 2) quick design, 3) formation of prototyping, 4) evaluation of prototyping, 5) repairing prototyping, and 6) the
final step is producing devices properly so it can used by user. The prototyping model intended to adjust the system in accordance with
its use later, made in stages so that the problems that arise will be immediately addressed. The results of this research is a software
which have consumer transaction services including the purchasing services, sale, inventory management, and report for management
needed purpose. Based on questionnaires given to 18 respondents obtained information on the evaluation system built, among others:
1) 88% strongly agree and 11% agree, the application can increase effectiveness and efficiently the organizations/enterprises; 2) 33%
strongly agree, 62 agree, and 5% not agree, the application can meet the needs of organization/enterprise
This document discusses topics related to data structures and algorithms. It covers structured programming and its advantages and disadvantages. It then introduces common data structures like stacks, queues, trees, and graphs. It discusses algorithm time and space complexity analysis and different types of algorithms. Sorting algorithms and their analysis are also introduced. Key concepts covered include linear and non-linear data structures, static and dynamic memory allocation, Big O notation for analyzing algorithms, and common sorting algorithms.
This document discusses the flow of data to wisdom. It defines data, information, knowledge, and wisdom, and explains their relationships. Data is unprocessed facts and figures without meaning. Information is meaningful data that provides understanding of relationships. Knowledge represents patterns that connect information and allow for predictability. Wisdom represents an understanding of fundamental principles that form the basis of knowledge. The document also discusses the components of an information system, including input, processing, output, and feedback.
This document provides an introduction to database management systems. It discusses how database systems have become essential for organizations to store and access crucial information needed to run their businesses. The document traces the evolution of data systems from manual files to modern database management systems and examines how increasing information demands and rapid technology growth drove this transition. It also provides overviews of key database concepts like data modeling, database design, database capabilities for storage, queries and more. Finally, it outlines the roles of various people who work with databases, such as system analysts, database designers, application developers and administrators, and end users.
Data architecture in enterprise architecture is the design of data for use in...Rasmita Panda
Data architecture describes how data is structured, stored, and utilized within a system. It includes conceptual, logical, and physical descriptions of data and how it maps to different applications and locations. The data architect is responsible for defining the target state of data and ensuring minor follow ups to keep enhancements aligned. Data architecture considers all relevant data entities and identifies relationships between an organization's functions, technologies, and data types.
An information system has several main components that work together to achieve a purpose within an environment. The components include the environment, information system, information processes, participants, data/information, information technology, purpose, users, and their needs. The components interact with each other - a change in one component affects the others. The purpose defines the reason for creating the information system, and the users are people who view the system's output.
The document discusses the systems life cycle, which describes the stages of an IT project. The six main stages are analysis, design, development and testing, implementation, documentation, and evaluation. In the analysis stage, methods like observation, examining documents, questionnaires, and interviews are used to understand the current system and identify problems. In the design stage, requirements are specified and designs are made for hardware/software, data collection, reports, screens, and validation routines. In development and testing, data structures and programs are created and extensively tested. Finally, in implementation, the new system is transitioned into use, either through parallel running, direct changeover, or phased implementation. The systems life cycle aims to maximize the chances of a
Explain growth and importance of databases
Name limitations of conventional file processing
Identify five categories of databases
Explain advantages of databases
Identify costs and risks of databases
List components of database environment
Describe evolution of database systems
This document provides an overview of various system and data modelling tools, including:
1. Data flow diagrams, context diagrams, schemas, and the data dictionary for representing database structure and relationships.
2. Decision trees and decision tables for showing decision paths and outcomes.
3. Normalization for minimizing data duplication through breaking databases into smaller linked tables.
4. SQL syntax and storyboards for querying databases and representing interfaces.
Examples are given for each tool to illustrate their use in system and data modelling.
Topics in Data Management include data analysis, database management systems, data modeling, database administration, data warehousing, data mining, data quality assurance, data security, and data architecture. Data analysis involves looking at and summarizing data to extract useful information and develop conclusions. Database management systems are used to manage databases and are used by over 90% of people using computers. Data modeling is the process of structuring and organizing data to be implemented in a database. Database administrators are responsible for ensuring the security, performance, and availability of organizational data.
The document discusses key concepts related to databases including:
- Data refers to raw facts and figures that are collected and used as input for computers. Information is processed data that is meaningful and organized for decision making.
- Metadata refers to data about data, describing the meaning and relationships of other data.
- A database is an organized collection of related data that is created and maintained in tables. Examples include phone directories, library catalogs, and accounting systems.
- Components of a database system include data, hardware for storage and processing, and software for managing the data.
SSAD is an integrated set of standards and guidelines for analyzing and designing computer systems. It includes tools like data flow diagrams, data dictionaries, decision trees, structured English, and decision tables. Some key techniques of SSAD include data flow modeling, logical data structures, and entity life histories. SSAD provides benefits like improved productivity, flexibility, quality and on-time delivery, while also ensuring user needs are met. However, it also has disadvantages like large costs and time requirements for training and its document standards.
This document discusses data processing and analysis. It defines key terms like data, information, variables, and cases. It explains that data processing involves collecting, organizing, and analyzing raw data to produce useful information. The main steps in data processing are editing, coding, classification, data entry, validation, and tabulation. Types of data processing include manual, electronic data processing (EDP), real-time processing, and batch processing. The data processing cycle involves input, processing, and output stages to convert data into accurate and useful information.
The document discusses database management systems and data modeling. It begins by defining key terms like data, databases, database management systems, and data models. It then provides a brief history of database development from the 1960s to the 1980s. The rest of the document discusses database concepts in more detail, including components of a DBMS, types of database users, database administration responsibilities, data modeling techniques, and the evolution of different data models.
Rapid changes in the technology lead to increased variety of data sources. These varied data sources
generating data in the large volume and with extremely high speed. To accommodate and use this data in decision
making systems is the big challenge. To make fullest use of the valuable data generated by different systems, target
users of the analysis systems need to be increased. In general knowledge discovery process using the tools which are
available requires the handsome expertise in the domain as well as in the technology. The project ITDA (Integrated
Tool for Data Analysis) focuses to provide the complete platform for multidimensional data analysis to enhance the
decision making process in every domain. This projects provides all the techniques required to perform
multidimensional data analysis and avoids the overheads occurred by the traditional cube architecture followed by
most of the analytics system. Modelling the available data in the multidimensional form is the basis and crucial step
for multidimensional analysis. This work describes the multidimensional modelling aspect and its implementation
using ITDA project.
Application of discrete mathematics in ITShahidAbbas52
This document discusses discrete mathematics and its applications. It begins with defining discrete mathematics and providing examples of its different fields like graphs, networks, and logic. It then discusses various real-world applications of discrete mathematics in areas like computers, encryption, Google Maps, and scheduling. Discrete mathematical concepts like graphs, algorithms, and logic are widely used in fields like computer science, engineering, operations research, and social sciences.
The document discusses database design and modeling. It explains that database design represents real-world entities in a computer format using database models. It is important to understand the meaning, intended use, and application of information before designing a database. A good database design uses a database model to represent entities and associations between entities in a computer-usable form. Requirements analysis is also important for database construction, examining factors like functionality, managed information, interfaces, and security. Information modeling then identifies important entities for the application based on the requirements analysis.
A system is a set of elements and relationships between them. Systems have structure defined by components, behavior involving inputs/outputs, and interconnectivity between parts. Most systems are open and exchange matter/energy with their environment. A system can be viewed as a bounded transformation process that transforms inputs into outputs. A subsystem is a system within a larger system. An information system combines technology, people, and processes to support organizational operations and management. It has components like hardware, software, databases, and networks. Information systems are classified into operational support systems and management support systems.
Developing Sales Information System Application using Prototyping ModelEditor IJCATR
This research aimed to develop the system that be able to manage the sales transaction, so the transaction services will be
more quickly and efficiently. The system has developed using prototyping model, which have steps including: 1) communication and
initial data collection, 2) quick design, 3) formation of prototyping, 4) evaluation of prototyping, 5) repairing prototyping, and 6) the
final step is producing devices properly so it can used by user. The prototyping model intended to adjust the system in accordance with
its use later, made in stages so that the problems that arise will be immediately addressed. The results of this research is a software
which have consumer transaction services including the purchasing services, sale, inventory management, and report for management
needed purpose. Based on questionnaires given to 18 respondents obtained information on the evaluation system built, among others:
1) 88% strongly agree and 11% agree, the application can increase effectiveness and efficiently the organizations/enterprises; 2) 33%
strongly agree, 62 agree, and 5% not agree, the application can meet the needs of organization/enterprise
This document discusses topics related to data structures and algorithms. It covers structured programming and its advantages and disadvantages. It then introduces common data structures like stacks, queues, trees, and graphs. It discusses algorithm time and space complexity analysis and different types of algorithms. Sorting algorithms and their analysis are also introduced. Key concepts covered include linear and non-linear data structures, static and dynamic memory allocation, Big O notation for analyzing algorithms, and common sorting algorithms.
This document provides lecture notes on data structures that cover key topics including:
- Classifying data structures as simple, compound, linear, and non-linear and providing examples.
- Defining abstract data types and algorithms, and explaining their structure and properties.
- Discussing approaches for designing algorithms and issues related to time and space complexity.
- Covering searching techniques like linear search and sorting techniques including bubble sort, selection sort, and quick sort.
- Describing linear data structures like stacks, queues, and linked lists and non-linear structures like trees and graphs.
The document discusses data structures, which determine how data is organized, stored, and accessed in software applications. It defines data structures and lists common examples like arrays, linked lists, trees, and graphs. It then outlines several benefits of studying data structures, such as improved algorithm efficiency and problem-solving skills. Finally, it discusses career opportunities in fields like software development, data science, and machine learning that utilize data structure skills and how online assistance services can help students learn data structures.
FORMALIZATION & DATA ABSTRACTION DURING USE CASE MODELING IN OBJECT ORIENTED ...cscpconf
In object oriented analysis and design, use cases represent the things of value that the system performs for its actors in UML and unified process. Use cases are not functions or features.
They allow us to get behavioral abstraction of the system to be. The purpose of the behavioral abstraction is to get to the heart of what a system must do, we must first focus on who (or what)
will use it, or be used by it. After we do this, we look at what the system must do for those users in order to do something useful. That is what exactly we expect from the use cases as the
behavioral abstraction. Apart from this fact use cases are the poor candidates for the data abstraction. Rather the do not have data abstraction. The main reason is it shows or describes
the sequence of events or actions performed by the actor or use case, it does not take data in to account. As we know in earlier stages of the development we believe in ‘what’ rather than
‘how’. ‘What’ does not need to include data whereas ‘how’ depicts the data. As use case moves around ‘what’ only we are not able to extract the data. So in order to incorporate data in use cases one must feel the need of data at the initial stages of the development. We have developed the technique to integrate data in to the uses cases. This paper is regarding our investigations to take care of data during early stages of the software development. The collected abstraction of data helps in the analysis and then assist in forming the attributes of the candidate classes. This makes sure that we will not miss any attribute that is required in the abstracted behavior using use cases. Formalization adds to the accuracy of the data abstraction. We have investigated object constraint language to perform better data abstraction during analysis & design in unified paradigm. In this paper we have presented our research regarding early stage data abstraction and its formalization.
Formalization & data abstraction during use case modeling in object oriented ...csandit
This document discusses formalization and data abstraction during use case modeling in object-oriented analysis and design. It provides background on use case modeling and describes how data can be abstracted from use case steps. The document then presents a case study on an e-retail system to demonstrate modeling use cases, actors, and their relationships. It also discusses using activity diagrams to represent use case flows and the Object Constraint Language to add formalism and accuracy to data abstraction during analysis and design.
This document discusses data structures and provides an introduction and overview. It defines data structures as specialized formats for organizing and storing data to allow efficient access and manipulation. Key points include:
- Data structures include arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees and graphs. They allow efficient handling of data through operations like traversal, insertion, deletion, searching and sorting.
- Linear data structures arrange elements in a sequential order while non-linear structures do not. Common examples are discussed.
- Characteristics of data structures include being static or dynamic, homogeneous or non-homogeneous. Efficiency and complexity are also addressed.
- Basic array operations like traversal, insertion, deletion and searching are demonstrated with pseudocode examples
This document provides an overview and introduction to data structures. It discusses key terminology like data, data items, and fields. It also covers different types of data structures like linear (arrays, linked lists) and non-linear (trees, graphs) structures. Common data structure operations like traversing, searching, inserting and deleting are explained. The document stresses the importance of selecting the appropriate data structure based on the problem and required operations. It also briefly discusses algorithm design, implementation, testing, and analysis of time and space complexity.
The document provides an overview of the syllabus for a Data Structures course. It discusses topics that will be covered including arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, and graphs. It also outlines the course grading breakdown and covers basic terminology related to data structures such as data, data items, records, and files. Common data structure operations like traversing, searching, inserting, and deleting are also defined. Lastly, it provides guidance on selecting appropriate data structures based on the problem constraints and required operations.
Lesson 1 - Data Structures and Algorithms Overview.pdfLeandroJrErcia
This document discusses data structures and algorithms. It defines data structures as arrangements of data in memory and lists common examples like arrays, lists, stacks, and graphs. Algorithms manipulate the data in these structures for tasks like searching, sorting, and iterating. Commonly used algorithms are for searching, sorting, and iterating through data. Data structures allow efficient data storage, retrieval, and management of large datasets. Choosing the appropriate data structure depends on the problem's basic operations, resource constraints, and whether data is inserted all at once or over time. Abstract data types specify a type and operations without specifying implementation.
The document provides an overview of the syllabus and topics covered in a data structures course, including data structure types, operations, and selecting appropriate data structures. It discusses linear data structures like arrays and linked lists, non-linear structures like trees and graphs, and operations like traversing, searching, inserting, and deleting. The goals of the course are to prepare students for advanced courses and teach implementing operations on different data structures using algorithms.
Lecture 1. Data Structure & Algorithm.pptxArifKamal36
Data structures allow us to organize and store data in an efficient manner. Some common linear data structures include arrays, linked lists, stacks, and queues. Arrays use contiguous memory locations to store data while linked lists connect nodes using pointers. Stacks follow LIFO principles for insertion and deletion while queues follow FIFO. These data structures find applications in areas like recursion, expression evaluation, memory management, and more.
A CLOUD BASED ARCHITECTURE FOR WORKING ON BIG DATA WITH WORKFLOW MANAGEMENTIJwest
In real environment there is a collection of many noisy and vague data, called Big Data. On the other hand,
to work on the data middleware have been developed and is now very widely used. The challenge of
working on Big Data is its processing and management. Here, integrated management system is required
to provide a solution for integrating data from multiple sensors and maximize the target success. This is in
situation that the system has constant time constrains for processing, and real-time decision-making
processes. A reliable data fusion model must meet this requirement and steadily let the user monitor data
stream. With widespread using of workflow interfaces, this requirement can be addressed. But, the work
with Big Data is also challenging. We provide a multi-agent cloud-based architecture for a higher vision to
solve this problem. This architecture provides the ability to Big Data Fusion using a workflow management
interface. The proposed system is capable of self-repair in the presence of risks and its risk is low.
This document discusses data structures and their importance in computer programming. It defines a data structure as a scheme for organizing related data that considers both the items stored and their relationships. Data structures are used to store data efficiently and allow for operations like searching and modifying the data. The document outlines common data structure types like arrays, lists, matrices, and linked lists. It also discusses abstract data types and how they are implemented through data structures. The goals of the course are to learn commonly used data structures and how to measure the costs and benefits of different structures.
Data modeling techniques used for big data in enterprise networksDr. Richard Otieno
This document discusses data modeling techniques for big data in enterprise networks. It begins by defining big data and its characteristics, including volume, velocity, variety, veracity, value, variability, visualization and more. It then discusses various data modeling techniques and models that can be used for big data, including relational, non-relational, network, hierarchical and others. Finally, it examines some limitations in modeling big data for enterprise networks and calls for continued research on developing new modeling techniques to better handle the complexities of big data.
IRJET- Comparative Study of Efficacy of Big Data Analysis and Deep Learni...IRJET Journal
This document compares the techniques of big data analysis and deep learning. It discusses:
1) The steps involved in big data analysis (data collection, cleaning, analysis, visualization) and deep learning (use of neural networks with multiple layers to process data).
2) The types of data analyzed by each technique, with big data analysis handling structured, semi-structured and unstructured data, and deep learning best for unstructured data like images and text.
3) The differences in outputs, with big data analysis providing visualizations and patterns while deep learning enables predictions and future forecasting using techniques like convolutional neural networks.
4) Examples of applications to images and social media data, showing how both techniques can be used together
1-SDLC - Development Models – Waterfall, Rapid Application Development, Agile...JOHNLEAK1
This document provides information about different types of data models:
1. Conceptual data models define entities, attributes, and relationships at a high level without technical details.
2. Logical data models build on conceptual models by adding more detail like data types but remain independent of specific databases.
3. Physical data models describe how the database will be implemented for a specific database system, including keys, constraints and other features.
IRJET-Computational model for the processing of documents and support to the ...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a computational model for processing documents and supporting decision making in information retrieval systems. The model includes five main components: 1) a tracking and indexing component to crawl the web and store document metadata, 2) an information processing component to categorize documents and define user profiles, 3) a decision support component to analyze stored information and generate statistical reports, 4) a display component to provide search interfaces and visualization tools, and 5) specialized roles to administer the system. The goal of the model is to provide a framework for developing large-scale search engines.
The document discusses linear data structures and lists. It introduces the list abstract data type (ADT) and describes common list operations like finding an element or inserting and deleting elements. It also describes different types of lists, including singly linked lists, circularly linked lists, and doubly linked lists. The document then discusses stack and queue ADTs and their applications.
Chapter 1 Introduction to Data Structures and Algorithms.pdfAxmedcarb
Data structures provide an efficient way to store and organize data in a computer so that it can be used efficiently. They allow programmers to handle data in an enhanced way, improving software performance. There are linear data structures like arrays and linked lists, and non-linear structures like trees and graphs. Common operations on data structures include insertion, deletion, searching, sorting, and merging. Asymptotic analysis is used to define the time complexity of algorithms in the average, best, and worst cases.
Similar to A REVIEW DATA STRUCTURE , ALGORITHMS & ANALYSIS (20)
This document discusses different number systems used in computer architecture including binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal. It provides examples of converting between these number systems, such as converting the decimal number 47 to binary (101111), octal (57), and hexadecimal (2F). Conversion charts and formulas are provided for changing between the number systems.
This document discusses various binary operations and coding systems. It covers binary addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. It also discusses number complements in binary such as one's complement and two's complement. Finally, it discusses various coding systems including binary coded decimal, ASCII, error detecting codes and Unicode encoding of characters.
This document provides information about digital logic design and binary logic. It discusses binary variables that can take on values of 1 or 0, and logical operations on these variables. It defines logic gates like AND, OR, and NOT and shows their truth tables. It also covers Boolean algebra, Boolean functions, canonical forms including minterms and maxterms, and properties of Boolean algebra.
This document provides an introduction to digital logic design and the differences between digital and analog signals. It discusses how digital signals are discrete with a finite range of values, while analog signals are continuous with an infinite range of values, and how while digital signals are less exact than analog, they are easier to work with. It also contains sample questions.
The document discusses topics in Java programming including graphics and Java 2D, nested classes, event handling with ActionListeners, JTextField, JLabel, JButton, converting strings to integers, and Color classes. It provides examples of setting background colors and includes two questions about reading/writing from CDs/DVDs and finding a technology company to introduce Afghanistan's technology.
This document discusses polymorphism in Java programming. It covers inheritance, overriding methods, and using objects of superclasses and subclasses. Examples are provided to demonstrate how polymorphism works through inheritance hierarchies and overriding methods in subclasses. Notes are also included that explain abstract classes and relationships between superclasses and subclasses in Java.
The document discusses inheritance in Java programming. It provides examples of inheritance hierarchies with classes like MainClass, SuperClass and SubClass. It explains the different types of inheritance like direct inheritance, indirect inheritance and relationships between classes, superclasses and objects. The document also contains questions about designing a software for translating words and writing a Java program that can be used for translation.
The document is a presentation on Java programming topics including classes, objects, arrays, static methods, and examples of Java code. It covers Java class structure and definition, the difference between public and private sections, using constructors, and examples of Java code using classes, objects, arrays, and static methods. The document ends with two questions asking about comparing Java to C++ and where Ajax and AngularJS fit in technology.
This document provides an overview of various Java programming concepts and examples including: converting strings to integers, event handling using try-catch, equality and relational operators, string methods like toLowerCase() and toUpperCase(), if/else and if/else if statements, arithmetic operators, increment and decrement operators, nested if statements, examples using Scanner and JOptionPane for user input, switch statements, for loops, break and continue in for loops, while loops, do-while loops, and the role of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) in executing Java programs.
The document discusses various Java programming concepts including data types, print, println, printf, Scanner input, arithmetic operators, JOptionPane, text styles, and Object Oriented Programming (OOP). It was prepared by Mir Omranudin Abhar and includes their email address.
This document discusses software and is divided into three parts. Part 1 introduces software and some basic concepts. Part 2 discusses programming. Part 3 covers software costs. The document was prepared by Mir Omranudin Abhar and provides a basic overview of software, programming, and costs at a high level.
This document provides an introduction to networks. It defines a network as connecting two or more devices to communicate and share resources and information. A network consists of both hardware and software - the hardware carries signals between points, while the software enables expected network services. The document then categorizes networks by size (PAN, LAN, etc.), architecture (peer-to-peer, client/server), topology (bus, ring, star, etc.), delivery schemes (unicast, broadcast, etc.), network devices (NICs, hubs, switches, routers), transmission modes (simplex, half-duplex, full-duplex) and other network concepts.
Here are the answers to your questions:
1. The main difference between ad-hoc and infrastructure networks is that ad-hoc networks are decentralized and devices communicate directly with each other in a peer-to-peer fashion, while infrastructure networks have an access point that devices connect to and the access point facilitates communication between devices.
2. Packet Tracer, Boson NetSim and GNS3 are network simulation software used to design, test and simulate computer networks. Packet Tracer is meant for beginners to learn networking concepts. Boson NetSim and GNS3 are more advanced and allow configuring real network devices to simulate complex networks for certification preparation or research purposes.
3. Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process MiningLucaBarbaro3
Presentation of the paper "Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process Mining" given during the CAiSE 2024 Conference in Cyprus on June 7, 2024.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Skybuffer AI: Advanced Conversational and Generative AI Solution on SAP Busin...Tatiana Kojar
Skybuffer AI, built on the robust SAP Business Technology Platform (SAP BTP), is the latest and most advanced version of our AI development, reaffirming our commitment to delivering top-tier AI solutions. Skybuffer AI harnesses all the innovative capabilities of the SAP BTP in the AI domain, from Conversational AI to cutting-edge Generative AI and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). It also helps SAP customers safeguard their investments into SAP Conversational AI and ensure a seamless, one-click transition to SAP Business AI.
With Skybuffer AI, various AI models can be integrated into a single communication channel such as Microsoft Teams. This integration empowers business users with insights drawn from SAP backend systems, enterprise documents, and the expansive knowledge of Generative AI. And the best part of it is that it is all managed through our intuitive no-code Action Server interface, requiring no extensive coding knowledge and making the advanced AI accessible to more users.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.