This document proposes a novel low-profile planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) for mobile handsets. The proposed antenna covers DCS-1800 and PCS-1900 bands with a size of 22x22x5.2 mm. It has a square planar radiating element suspended above an FR4 substrate with a ground plane on the bottom. Simulations show the antenna achieves a maximum return loss of -33.88 dB at 1.855 GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 15.1% between 1.711-1.990 GHz. The maximum gain is 3.53 dBi. The simple design with a square patch is well-suited for mobile devices due to its low profile, small size
A Multi-Band PIFA with Slotted Ground Plane Naveen Kumar
A multiband PIFA is proposed which operates on DCS, PCS, 3G, 4G, Bluetooth, WLAN & GPS bands. This antenna is designed and simulated in HFSS. The results shows good gain and radiation pattern at all resonant frequencies.
Study of Planar Inverted - F Antenna (PIFA) for mobile devices Naveen Kumar
A brief study of planar inverted-F antenna is given. Basic structure of PIFA is discussed and effect of various parameters is explained. Techniques to improve bandwidth coverage by the antenna are also discussed.
A compact planar inverted-F antenna with slotted ground planeNaveen Kumar
Design of a small and thin PIFA antenna for handheld devices covering several cellular communication bands such as UMTS, Bluetooth, WiMAX, 4G LTE, WLAN.
Ground plane of the antenna is used as a radiator along with the main patch.
Small Size Planar Inverted-F Antenna for WiMAX ApplicationsIJEEE
This work presents a small size planner inverted-F antenna (PIFA), with a single feed which covers WiMAX (3.2-3.6 GHz) and (5-5.8 GHz) range. The proposed antenna has many advantages like compact size and wide operation bandwidth. The antenna portion of 20mm* 15mm and the overall dimension25mm *40mm can be easily applied in the USB dongle.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal,
A Multi-Band PIFA with Slotted Ground Plane Naveen Kumar
A multiband PIFA is proposed which operates on DCS, PCS, 3G, 4G, Bluetooth, WLAN & GPS bands. This antenna is designed and simulated in HFSS. The results shows good gain and radiation pattern at all resonant frequencies.
Study of Planar Inverted - F Antenna (PIFA) for mobile devices Naveen Kumar
A brief study of planar inverted-F antenna is given. Basic structure of PIFA is discussed and effect of various parameters is explained. Techniques to improve bandwidth coverage by the antenna are also discussed.
A compact planar inverted-F antenna with slotted ground planeNaveen Kumar
Design of a small and thin PIFA antenna for handheld devices covering several cellular communication bands such as UMTS, Bluetooth, WiMAX, 4G LTE, WLAN.
Ground plane of the antenna is used as a radiator along with the main patch.
Small Size Planar Inverted-F Antenna for WiMAX ApplicationsIJEEE
This work presents a small size planner inverted-F antenna (PIFA), with a single feed which covers WiMAX (3.2-3.6 GHz) and (5-5.8 GHz) range. The proposed antenna has many advantages like compact size and wide operation bandwidth. The antenna portion of 20mm* 15mm and the overall dimension25mm *40mm can be easily applied in the USB dongle.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal,
MICROSTRIP ANTENNA PATTERN RECONFIGURATION USING ON-CHIP PARASITIC ELEMENTS jantjournal
In this paper, a design of pattern reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna and its simulation using CSTMW simulator is presented. The designed antenna is also fabricated and tested. The design consists of microstrip patch printed on FR-4 substrate with a coaxial line feeding on the back of the antenna which is the active element. Two on-chip parasitic elements (OCPE) also are printed on FR-4 substrate, each of
which connected through a via hole to the ground. The proposed design has the advantage of movable
parasitic chip elements with the same motherboard to control the reconfigurable pattern direction as well as operating frequency. It is also have the advantages of parasitic elements rotation to fit reception/transmission required steering angle. The results obtained show that the steering angle of the
main beam in the H-plane depends upon the dimension of the parasitic element substrate as well as the type of the patch antenna. The presented antenna is suitable for different application, including Wifi and WiMax systems.
This thesis focuses on mobile phones antenna design with brief description about the historical development, basic parameters and the types of antennas which are used in mobile phones. Mobile phones antenna design section consists of two proposed PIFA antennas. The first design concerns a single band antenna with resonant frequency at GPS frequency (1.575GHz). The first model is designed with main consideration that is to have the lower possible PIFA single band dimensions with reasonable return loss (S11) and the efficiencies. Second design concerns in a wideband PIFA antenna which cover the range from 1800MHz to 2600MHz. This range covers certain important bands: GSM (1800MHz & 1900MHz), UMTS (2100MHz), Bluetooth & Wi-Fi (2.4GHz) and LTE system (2.3GHz, 2.5GHz, and 2.6GHz). The wideband PIFA design is achieved by using slotted ground plane technique. The simulations for both models are performed in COMSOL Multiphysics.
The last two parts of the thesis present the problems of mobile phones antenna. Starting with Specific absorption rate (SAR) problem, efficiency of Mobile phones antenna, and hand-held environment.
Planar Internal Antenna Design for Cellular Applications & SAR AnalysisIJERD Editor
This paper presents a new design of direct-fed Multi band printed Planar Internal Antenna (PIA), for
cellular applications. The PIA antenna is composed of ground plane, meander radiating strip and two other
parasitic strips are printed on a common substrate. The designed antenna has been simulated in CST
environment. The simulated results for the resonant frequency, return loss, radiation pattern and gain are
presented and discussed. The bandwidths for three resonance achieved on the basis of -6 dB return loss.These
Bandwidths can be utilized for GSM 900, GSM 1800, GSM 1900, LTE 2300 and Bluetooth/WLAN as an
acceptable reference in mobile phones applications. Further the antenna was placed in proximity to the SAR
head on CST environment. The simulated results of SAR analysis are presented in this paper with acceptable
range.
Importance of Antennas for Wireless Communication Devicespaperpublications3
Abstract: The extensive demand for mobile communication and information exchange through wireless devices has lead to major achievements in antenna designing. The purpose of the paper is to give a frame of reference, understanding, and overview of antennas used in wireless communication devices. In this paper we will be discussing various antennas, their advantages and drawbacks. Also a brief framework of comparisons between various antennas is presented on the basis of various parameters. This paper also summarizes the benefits and use of PIFA for USB dongle to cover the Wi MAX bands.
Design of Planar Inverted F-Antenna for Multiband Applications IJEEE
Planar Inverted F- Antenna (PIFA) is widely used in handheld devices because of its various advantages like compact size, good bandwidth and moderate radiation patterns. In this paper, a design of Planar Inverted F- Antenna(PIFA) is proposed that resonates at the frequency of 2.5 GHz with a bandwidth of 300MHz. The relative permittivity of the substrate used is 2.2. The antenna is fed by coaxial feed. Also, gain, VSWR and radiation pattern of the antenna are studied.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Folded Shorted Patch Antenna with Slots for RF Energy Harvesting in Wireless ...ijtsrd
There are various types of microstrip antenna that can be used for many applications in communication systems. This paper presents the design of a folded shorted patch antenna FSPA for the application of Radio Frequency RF energy harvesting system capable of receiving radio frequency of GSM 900 band 860MHz to 960MHz . The antenna is designed using microstrip technology on an FR 4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a thickness of 1.6. The antenna was designed and simulated using FEKO, the Electromagnetic solver software. One slot is incorporated into the upper patch of the FSPA. Simulated results show that this antenna can attain an impedance bandwidth of 32MHz from 884MHz to 916MHz at the center frequency of 900MHz with the slot. The results also reveal the good unidirectional radiation pattern and the stable gain over the operating frequency. This antenna is well compatible with using RF energy harvesting to receive the signal of the GSM 900 band. Aye Thet Mon | Chaw Myat Nwe "Folded Shorted Patch Antenna with Slots for RF Energy Harvesting in Wireless Sensor Network" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26476.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/26476/folded-shorted-patch-antenna-with-slots-for-rf-energy-harvesting-in-wireless-sensor-network/aye-thet-mon
Design and Simulation of Dual Band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) For Mobil...jantjournal
In this paper dual band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) is presented for mobile handset applications at dual frequencies. PIFA is a flat structure, simple and easy to fabricate. The idea of U-shaped slot technique is introduced into the basic rectangular patch antenna for higher GSM frequency. The impedance
bandwidth covers GSM 900 and GSM 1900 bands. The PIFA covers a bandwidth of 31.9MHz (0.88- 0.911GHz) or about 3.5% with respect to the resonance frequency at 0.89GHz. For the higher resonant mode the impedance bandwidth is 112.7MHz (1.873-1.985GHz) or about 5.83% with respect to resonance frequency of 1.93 GHz. The PIFA has a gain of 2.59dB and 5.12dB at lower and higher resonating frequencies respectively. PIFA is analyzed using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).
A Review of Multi Resonant Slotted Micro Strip Patch Antenna (MPA) for IMT, W...IJEEE
In this paper, a stacked multi resonant slotted micro strip patch antenna (MPA) has been proposed which is suitable to be used for GSM, WLAN standard and WiMAX applications. The antenna has been designed using substrate of FR4 material. In the designed stacked antenna, substrates having different thickness has been used. The bottom stack of designed antenna has a radiating patch of circular shape and the patch on the upper stack has rectangular shape and is flexible in nature. The antenna has a feed line which is connected to circular patch to feed power to the antenna. The feed line has to be of suitable width to match the antenna impedance with port impedance of 50 ohms. The designed antenna has a defected ground structure in order to improve the antenna performance. The antenna performance has been measured in terms of antenna parameters such as impedance bandwidth (GHz), Return loss (dB), antenna impedance (ohms), VSWR and Directivity (dBi). The designed antenna results have been simulated in CST Microwave Studio 2010. The practically designed antenna has been tested successfully by using Network analyzer E5071C. It has been observed that the practical results closely match with theoretical results.
DESIGN & PARAMETRIC STUDY OF RECTANGULAR SLOT MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR UW...IJEEE
A Microstrip fed antenna which consists of a
rectangular patch with rectangular shaped slot incorporated
into patch is presented for ultra wide band application with
enhanced bandwidth. The proposed antenna achieves an
impedance bandwidth of 8.9GHz (2.3-11.2GHz) with
VSWR< 2 for over the entire bandwidth.
Design and Simulation of Dual Band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) For Mobil...jantjournal
In this paper dual band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) is presented for mobile handset applications at dual frequencies. PIFA is a flat structure, simple and easy to fabricate. The idea of U-shaped slot technique is introduced into the basic rectangular patch antenna for higher GSM frequency. The impedance bandwidth covers GSM 900 and GSM 1900 bands. The PIFA covers a bandwidth of 31.9MHz (0.88-0.911GHz) or about 3.5% with respect to the resonance frequency at 0.89GHz. For the higher resonant mode the impedance bandwidth is 112.7MHz (1.873-1.985GHz) or about 5.83% with respect to resonance frequency of 1.93 GHz. The PIFA has a gain of 2.59dB and 5.12dB at lower and higher resonating frequencies respectively. PIFA is analyzed using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).
Design and Simulation of Dual Band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) For Mobil...jantjournal
In this paper dual band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) is presented for mobile handset applications at dual frequencies. PIFA is a flat structure, simple and easy to fabricate. The idea of U-shaped slot technique is introduced into the basic rectangular patch antenna for higher GSM frequency. The impedance
bandwidth covers GSM 900 and GSM 1900 bands. The PIFA covers a bandwidth of 31.9MHz (0.88- 0.911GHz) or about 3.5% with respect to the resonance frequency at 0.89GHz. For the higher resonant mode the impedance bandwidth is 112.7MHz (1.873-1.985GHz) or about 5.83% with respect to resonance frequency of 1.93 GHz. The PIFA has a gain of 2.59dB and 5.12dB at lower and higher resonating frequencies respectively. PIFA is analyzed using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).
Design and Simulation of Dual Band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) For Mobil...jantjournal
In this paper dual band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) is presented for mobile handset applications at dual frequencies. PIFA is a flat structure, simple and easy to fabricate. The idea of U-shaped slot technique is introduced into the basic rectangular patch antenna for higher GSM frequency. The impedance
bandwidth covers GSM 900 and GSM 1900 bands. The PIFA covers a bandwidth of 31.9MHz (0.88-0.911GHz) or about 3.5% with respect to the resonance frequency at 0.89GHz. For the higher resonant mode the impedance bandwidth is 112.7MHz (1.873-1.985GHz) or about 5.83% with respect to resonance frequency of 1.93 GHz. The PIFA has a gain of 2.59dB and 5.12dB at lower and higher resonating frequencies respectively. PIFA is analyzed using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).
Design and Simulation of Dual Band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) For Mobil...jantjournal
In this paper dual band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) is presented for mobile handset applications at dual frequencies. PIFA is a flat structure, simple and easy to fabricate. The idea of U-shaped slot technique is introduced into the basic rectangular patch antenna for higher GSM frequency. The impedance bandwidth covers GSM 900 and GSM 1900 bands. The PIFA covers a bandwidth of 31.9MHz (0.88-0.911GHz) or about 3.5% with respect to the resonance frequency at 0.89GHz. For the higher resonant mode the impedance bandwidth is 112.7MHz (1.873-1.985GHz) or about 5.83% with respect to resonance frequency of 1.93 GHz. The PIFA has a gain of 2.59dB and 5.12dB at lower and higher resonating frequencies respectively. PIFA is analyzed using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).
MICROSTRIP ANTENNA PATTERN RECONFIGURATION USING ON-CHIP PARASITIC ELEMENTS jantjournal
In this paper, a design of pattern reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna and its simulation using CSTMW simulator is presented. The designed antenna is also fabricated and tested. The design consists of microstrip patch printed on FR-4 substrate with a coaxial line feeding on the back of the antenna which is the active element. Two on-chip parasitic elements (OCPE) also are printed on FR-4 substrate, each of
which connected through a via hole to the ground. The proposed design has the advantage of movable
parasitic chip elements with the same motherboard to control the reconfigurable pattern direction as well as operating frequency. It is also have the advantages of parasitic elements rotation to fit reception/transmission required steering angle. The results obtained show that the steering angle of the
main beam in the H-plane depends upon the dimension of the parasitic element substrate as well as the type of the patch antenna. The presented antenna is suitable for different application, including Wifi and WiMax systems.
This thesis focuses on mobile phones antenna design with brief description about the historical development, basic parameters and the types of antennas which are used in mobile phones. Mobile phones antenna design section consists of two proposed PIFA antennas. The first design concerns a single band antenna with resonant frequency at GPS frequency (1.575GHz). The first model is designed with main consideration that is to have the lower possible PIFA single band dimensions with reasonable return loss (S11) and the efficiencies. Second design concerns in a wideband PIFA antenna which cover the range from 1800MHz to 2600MHz. This range covers certain important bands: GSM (1800MHz & 1900MHz), UMTS (2100MHz), Bluetooth & Wi-Fi (2.4GHz) and LTE system (2.3GHz, 2.5GHz, and 2.6GHz). The wideband PIFA design is achieved by using slotted ground plane technique. The simulations for both models are performed in COMSOL Multiphysics.
The last two parts of the thesis present the problems of mobile phones antenna. Starting with Specific absorption rate (SAR) problem, efficiency of Mobile phones antenna, and hand-held environment.
Planar Internal Antenna Design for Cellular Applications & SAR AnalysisIJERD Editor
This paper presents a new design of direct-fed Multi band printed Planar Internal Antenna (PIA), for
cellular applications. The PIA antenna is composed of ground plane, meander radiating strip and two other
parasitic strips are printed on a common substrate. The designed antenna has been simulated in CST
environment. The simulated results for the resonant frequency, return loss, radiation pattern and gain are
presented and discussed. The bandwidths for three resonance achieved on the basis of -6 dB return loss.These
Bandwidths can be utilized for GSM 900, GSM 1800, GSM 1900, LTE 2300 and Bluetooth/WLAN as an
acceptable reference in mobile phones applications. Further the antenna was placed in proximity to the SAR
head on CST environment. The simulated results of SAR analysis are presented in this paper with acceptable
range.
Importance of Antennas for Wireless Communication Devicespaperpublications3
Abstract: The extensive demand for mobile communication and information exchange through wireless devices has lead to major achievements in antenna designing. The purpose of the paper is to give a frame of reference, understanding, and overview of antennas used in wireless communication devices. In this paper we will be discussing various antennas, their advantages and drawbacks. Also a brief framework of comparisons between various antennas is presented on the basis of various parameters. This paper also summarizes the benefits and use of PIFA for USB dongle to cover the Wi MAX bands.
Design of Planar Inverted F-Antenna for Multiband Applications IJEEE
Planar Inverted F- Antenna (PIFA) is widely used in handheld devices because of its various advantages like compact size, good bandwidth and moderate radiation patterns. In this paper, a design of Planar Inverted F- Antenna(PIFA) is proposed that resonates at the frequency of 2.5 GHz with a bandwidth of 300MHz. The relative permittivity of the substrate used is 2.2. The antenna is fed by coaxial feed. Also, gain, VSWR and radiation pattern of the antenna are studied.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Folded Shorted Patch Antenna with Slots for RF Energy Harvesting in Wireless ...ijtsrd
There are various types of microstrip antenna that can be used for many applications in communication systems. This paper presents the design of a folded shorted patch antenna FSPA for the application of Radio Frequency RF energy harvesting system capable of receiving radio frequency of GSM 900 band 860MHz to 960MHz . The antenna is designed using microstrip technology on an FR 4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a thickness of 1.6. The antenna was designed and simulated using FEKO, the Electromagnetic solver software. One slot is incorporated into the upper patch of the FSPA. Simulated results show that this antenna can attain an impedance bandwidth of 32MHz from 884MHz to 916MHz at the center frequency of 900MHz with the slot. The results also reveal the good unidirectional radiation pattern and the stable gain over the operating frequency. This antenna is well compatible with using RF energy harvesting to receive the signal of the GSM 900 band. Aye Thet Mon | Chaw Myat Nwe "Folded Shorted Patch Antenna with Slots for RF Energy Harvesting in Wireless Sensor Network" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26476.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/26476/folded-shorted-patch-antenna-with-slots-for-rf-energy-harvesting-in-wireless-sensor-network/aye-thet-mon
Design and Simulation of Dual Band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) For Mobil...jantjournal
In this paper dual band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) is presented for mobile handset applications at dual frequencies. PIFA is a flat structure, simple and easy to fabricate. The idea of U-shaped slot technique is introduced into the basic rectangular patch antenna for higher GSM frequency. The impedance
bandwidth covers GSM 900 and GSM 1900 bands. The PIFA covers a bandwidth of 31.9MHz (0.88- 0.911GHz) or about 3.5% with respect to the resonance frequency at 0.89GHz. For the higher resonant mode the impedance bandwidth is 112.7MHz (1.873-1.985GHz) or about 5.83% with respect to resonance frequency of 1.93 GHz. The PIFA has a gain of 2.59dB and 5.12dB at lower and higher resonating frequencies respectively. PIFA is analyzed using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).
A Review of Multi Resonant Slotted Micro Strip Patch Antenna (MPA) for IMT, W...IJEEE
In this paper, a stacked multi resonant slotted micro strip patch antenna (MPA) has been proposed which is suitable to be used for GSM, WLAN standard and WiMAX applications. The antenna has been designed using substrate of FR4 material. In the designed stacked antenna, substrates having different thickness has been used. The bottom stack of designed antenna has a radiating patch of circular shape and the patch on the upper stack has rectangular shape and is flexible in nature. The antenna has a feed line which is connected to circular patch to feed power to the antenna. The feed line has to be of suitable width to match the antenna impedance with port impedance of 50 ohms. The designed antenna has a defected ground structure in order to improve the antenna performance. The antenna performance has been measured in terms of antenna parameters such as impedance bandwidth (GHz), Return loss (dB), antenna impedance (ohms), VSWR and Directivity (dBi). The designed antenna results have been simulated in CST Microwave Studio 2010. The practically designed antenna has been tested successfully by using Network analyzer E5071C. It has been observed that the practical results closely match with theoretical results.
DESIGN & PARAMETRIC STUDY OF RECTANGULAR SLOT MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR UW...IJEEE
A Microstrip fed antenna which consists of a
rectangular patch with rectangular shaped slot incorporated
into patch is presented for ultra wide band application with
enhanced bandwidth. The proposed antenna achieves an
impedance bandwidth of 8.9GHz (2.3-11.2GHz) with
VSWR< 2 for over the entire bandwidth.
Design and Simulation of Dual Band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) For Mobil...jantjournal
In this paper dual band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) is presented for mobile handset applications at dual frequencies. PIFA is a flat structure, simple and easy to fabricate. The idea of U-shaped slot technique is introduced into the basic rectangular patch antenna for higher GSM frequency. The impedance bandwidth covers GSM 900 and GSM 1900 bands. The PIFA covers a bandwidth of 31.9MHz (0.88-0.911GHz) or about 3.5% with respect to the resonance frequency at 0.89GHz. For the higher resonant mode the impedance bandwidth is 112.7MHz (1.873-1.985GHz) or about 5.83% with respect to resonance frequency of 1.93 GHz. The PIFA has a gain of 2.59dB and 5.12dB at lower and higher resonating frequencies respectively. PIFA is analyzed using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).
Design and Simulation of Dual Band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) For Mobil...jantjournal
In this paper dual band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) is presented for mobile handset applications at dual frequencies. PIFA is a flat structure, simple and easy to fabricate. The idea of U-shaped slot technique is introduced into the basic rectangular patch antenna for higher GSM frequency. The impedance
bandwidth covers GSM 900 and GSM 1900 bands. The PIFA covers a bandwidth of 31.9MHz (0.88- 0.911GHz) or about 3.5% with respect to the resonance frequency at 0.89GHz. For the higher resonant mode the impedance bandwidth is 112.7MHz (1.873-1.985GHz) or about 5.83% with respect to resonance frequency of 1.93 GHz. The PIFA has a gain of 2.59dB and 5.12dB at lower and higher resonating frequencies respectively. PIFA is analyzed using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).
Design and Simulation of Dual Band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) For Mobil...jantjournal
In this paper dual band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) is presented for mobile handset applications at dual frequencies. PIFA is a flat structure, simple and easy to fabricate. The idea of U-shaped slot technique is introduced into the basic rectangular patch antenna for higher GSM frequency. The impedance
bandwidth covers GSM 900 and GSM 1900 bands. The PIFA covers a bandwidth of 31.9MHz (0.88-0.911GHz) or about 3.5% with respect to the resonance frequency at 0.89GHz. For the higher resonant mode the impedance bandwidth is 112.7MHz (1.873-1.985GHz) or about 5.83% with respect to resonance frequency of 1.93 GHz. The PIFA has a gain of 2.59dB and 5.12dB at lower and higher resonating frequencies respectively. PIFA is analyzed using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).
Design and Simulation of Dual Band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) For Mobil...jantjournal
In this paper dual band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) is presented for mobile handset applications at dual frequencies. PIFA is a flat structure, simple and easy to fabricate. The idea of U-shaped slot technique is introduced into the basic rectangular patch antenna for higher GSM frequency. The impedance bandwidth covers GSM 900 and GSM 1900 bands. The PIFA covers a bandwidth of 31.9MHz (0.88-0.911GHz) or about 3.5% with respect to the resonance frequency at 0.89GHz. For the higher resonant mode the impedance bandwidth is 112.7MHz (1.873-1.985GHz) or about 5.83% with respect to resonance frequency of 1.93 GHz. The PIFA has a gain of 2.59dB and 5.12dB at lower and higher resonating frequencies respectively. PIFA is analyzed using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).
Design and Simulation of Dual Band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) For Mobil...jantjournal
In this paper dual band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) is presented for mobile handset applications at dual frequencies. PIFA is a flat structure, simple and easy to fabricate. The idea of U-shaped slot technique is introduced into the basic rectangular patch antenna for higher GSM frequency. The impedance bandwidth covers GSM 900 and GSM 1900 bands. The PIFA covers a bandwidth of 31.9MHz (0.88-0.911GHz) or about 3.5% with respect to the resonance frequency at 0.89GHz. For the higher resonant mode the impedance bandwidth is 112.7MHz (1.873-1.985GHz) or about 5.83% with respect to resonance frequency of 1.93 GHz. The PIFA has a gain of 2.59dB and 5.12dB at lower and higher resonating frequencies respectively. PIFA is analyzed using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).
Design and Simulation of Dual Band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) For Mobil...jantjournal
In this paper dual band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) is presented for mobile handset applications at dual frequencies. PIFA is a flat structure, simple and easy to fabricate. The idea of U-shaped slot technique is introduced into the basic rectangular patch antenna for higher GSM frequency. The impedance bandwidth covers GSM 900 and GSM 1900 bands. The PIFA covers a bandwidth of 31.9MHz (0.88-0.911GHz) or about 3.5% with respect to the resonance frequency at 0.89GHz. For the higher resonant mode the impedance bandwidth is 112.7MHz (1.873-1.985GHz) or about 5.83% with respect to resonance frequency of 1.93 GHz. The PIFA has a gain of 2.59dB and 5.12dB at lower and higher resonating frequencies respectively. PIFA is analyzed using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).
Design and Simulation of Dual Band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) For Mobil...jantjournal
In this paper dual band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) is presented for mobile handset applications at dual frequencies. PIFA is a flat structure, simple and easy to fabricate. The idea of U-shaped slot technique is introduced into the basic rectangular patch antenna for higher GSM frequency. The impedance bandwidth covers GSM 900 and GSM 1900 bands. The PIFA covers a bandwidth of 31.9MHz (0.88-0.911GHz) or about 3.5% with respect to the resonance frequency at 0.89GHz. For the higher resonant mode the impedance bandwidth is 112.7MHz (1.873-1.985GHz) or about 5.83% with respect to resonance frequency of 1.93 GHz. The PIFA has a gain of 2.59dB and 5.12dB at lower and higher resonating frequencies respectively. PIFA is analyzed using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).
Design and Simulation of Dual Band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) For Mobil...jantjournal
In this paper dual band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) is presented for mobile handset applications at dual frequencies. PIFA is a flat structure, simple and easy to fabricate. The idea of U-shaped slot technique is introduced into the basic rectangular patch antenna for higher GSM frequency. The impedance bandwidth covers GSM 900 and GSM 1900 bands. The PIFA covers a bandwidth of 31.9MHz (0.88-0.911GHz) or about 3.5% with respect to the resonance frequency at 0.89GHz. For the higher resonant mode the impedance bandwidth is 112.7MHz (1.873-1.985GHz) or about 5.83% with respect to resonance frequency of 1.93 GHz. The PIFA has a gain of 2.59dB and 5.12dB at lower and higher resonating frequencies respectively. PIFA is analyzed using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).
Design and Simulation of Dual Band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) For Mobil...jantjournal
In this paper dual band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) is presented for mobile handset applications at dual frequencies. PIFA is a flat structure, simple and easy to fabricate. The idea of U-shaped slot technique is introduced into the basic rectangular patch antenna for higher GSM frequency. The impedance bandwidth covers GSM 900 and GSM 1900 bands. The PIFA covers a bandwidth of 31.9MHz (0.88-0.911GHz) or about 3.5% with respect to the resonance frequency at 0.89GHz. For the higher resonant mode the impedance bandwidth is 112.7MHz (1.873-1.985GHz) or about 5.83% with respect to resonance frequency of 1.93 GHz. The PIFA has a gain of 2.59dB and 5.12dB at lower and higher resonating frequencies respectively. PIFA is analyzed using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).
Design and Simulation of Dual Band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) For Mobil...jantjournal
In this paper dual band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) is presented for mobile handset applications at dual frequencies. PIFA is a flat structure, simple and easy to fabricate. The idea of U-shaped slot technique is introduced into the basic rectangular patch antenna for higher GSM frequency. The impedance
bandwidth covers GSM 900 and GSM 1900 bands. The PIFA covers a bandwidth of 31.9MHz (0.88- 0.911GHz) or about 3.5% with respect to the resonance frequency at 0.89GHz. For the higher resonant mode the impedance bandwidth is 112.7MHz (1.873-1.985GHz) or about 5.83% with respect to resonance frequency of 1.93 GHz. The PIFA has a gain of 2.59dB and 5.12dB at lower and higher resonating frequencies respectively. PIFA is analyzed using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).
Design and Simulation of Dual Band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) For Mobil...jantjournal
In this paper dual band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) is presented for mobile handset applications at dual frequencies. PIFA is a flat structure, simple and easy to fabricate. The idea of U-shaped slot technique is introduced into the basic rectangular patch antenna for higher GSM frequency. The impedance bandwidth covers GSM 900 and GSM 1900 bands. The PIFA covers a bandwidth of 31.9MHz (0.88-0.911GHz) or about 3.5% with respect to the resonance frequency at 0.89GHz. For the higher resonant mode the impedance bandwidth is 112.7MHz (1.873-1.985GHz) or about 5.83% with respect to resonance frequency of 1.93 GHz. The PIFA has a gain of 2.59dB and 5.12dB at lower and higher resonating frequencies respectively. PIFA is analyzed using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).
Design and Simulation of Dual Band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) For Mobil...jantjournal
In this paper dual band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) is presented for mobile handset applications at dual frequencies. PIFA is a flat structure, simple and easy to fabricate. The idea of U-shaped slot technique is introduced into the basic rectangular patch antenna for higher GSM frequency. The impedance bandwidth covers GSM 900 and GSM 1900 bands. The PIFA covers a bandwidth of 31.9MHz (0.88-0.911GHz) or about 3.5% with respect to the resonance frequency at 0.89GHz. For the higher resonant mode the impedance bandwidth is 112.7MHz (1.873-1.985GHz) or about 5.83% with respect to resonance frequency of 1.93 GHz. The PIFA has a gain of 2.59dB and 5.12dB at lower and higher resonating frequencies respectively. PIFA is analyzed using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Comparative analysis of feeding techniques for cylindrical surrounding patch ...IJECEIAES
In this research work, a cylindrical surrounding patch antenna (CSPA) with improved performance parameters based on inset feed method compared to other feed techniques has been proposed for 1.8 GHz applications. The designed and simulated CSPA is a rotary version of an initially designed rectangular planar patch antenna (RPPA). The RPPA is mounted on a cylindrical surface with radius (r) 10 mm which is an increased curvature for better -10 dB S-parameter (S 11 ), impedance band width (BW), voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), radiation pattern, and gain. The copper radiating patch has been conformed on the surface of the grounded flexible polyimide substrate with relative permittivity (ε r ) 3.5 and thickness (h) 1.6 mm at normalized input impedance of 50 Ω. Results for the RPPA and the proposed CSPA have been compared with existing designs in terms of antenna size, resonant frequency (f r ), return loss (S 11 ), and gain while taking cognizance of the feeding techniques. The S 11 , BW, VSWR, and gain are-12.784 dB, 28 MHz, 1.8, and 4.81 dBi respectively for the rectangular planar patch antenna and -35.571 dB, 66 MHz, 1.5, and 3.74 dBi, respectively for the cylindrical surrounding patch antenna.
DUAL BAND F-ANTENNA FOR EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICAijwmn
A single antenna for multiple bands are always beneficial from the design point of view. Here a single antenna which is fundamentally inverted F antenna is used, the uniqueness of the design is that , it uses trap technique to produce dual resonance from a single inverted F antenna . The trap used to block the current due to some frequencies and passes the current contributed by other frequencies. So in short , this trap is like a RF filter which has some passband as well as stop band. This trap approach uses a LC network to achieve this design goal .The two bands of interest are 865-870 MHz and 902-928 MHz .. The challenge of this design is that the frequency separation of the two bands is very small. In this case, and also the extra section for low frequency band is too small. Then, the influence of trap LC component variation due to tolerance to the two resonant frequencies is big, and so it is difficult to achieve good in band return loss within the LC tolerance. This is the main difficulty of this design. This issue is resolved by placing the low band section away from the end of the antenna. The antenna is designed on FR4 substrate material having thickness of 1.6 mm and hence it is a low cost solution which could use in various commercial applications which follows these bands.
Design and Improved Performance of Rectangular Micro strip Patch Antenna for ...IJERA Editor
In the resent year the development in communication system requires the development of low cast, minimum weight and low profile antennas that are capable of maintaining high performance over wide spectrum of frequency. This technological trend has focused much effort into the design of micro strip patch antenna. The object of this paper is to design an micro strip line fed rectangular micro strip patch antenna which operate in C-band at 5.33 GHz the antenna design is based on high frequency structure simulation (HFSS) software which is infinite element method based. This proposed antenna is design at height of 1.5 mm from the ground plane at frequency of 5.33GHz. The HFSS software has become the most versatile, easy to used, efficient and accurate simulation tool. After the simulation the performance characteristics such as input impedance, return loss, and VSWR are obtained
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A novel low profile planar inverted f antenna (pifa) for mobile handsets
1. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications
ISSN 2250-3153
A Novel Low profile Planar Inverted-F
Antenna (PIFA) for Mobile Handsets
Naveen Kumar*
, Garima Saini**
E.C.E. Department,
National Institute of Technical Teachers’ Training & Research (NITTTR), Chandigarh
*
chd.naveen@gmail.com
**
garimasaini_18@rediffmail.com
Abstract- A low profile planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) is
proposed for mobile handset applications. The proposed
antenna covers DCS-1800 & PCS-1900 bands. The antenna
consists of a square planar element suspended above the FR4
dielectric substrate. The ground plane is on the bottom side of
the substrate. Overall size of the antenna is 22*22*5.2 mm3
and is well suited for mobile handsets due to its low profile,
small size, wide bandwidth and good gain. The antenna
geometry, simulations of return loss, input impedance, VSWR
& gain are also discussed.
Keywords : PIFA, internal antenna, FR4 dielectric, planar
element, return loss, VSWR.
I. INTRODUCTION
In last three decades PIFA antenna structure has emerged
as one of the most promising candidate in the category of low
profile antennas used in handheld devices. Broad range of
applications employs PIFA as their basic antenna. For a
system to perform optimally, the antennas must have simple
construction, high radiation efficiency, small volume, low-loss
impedance matching.
PIFA is extended form of Inverted F antenna (IFA) which
have a plate in place of wire radiator element to expand the
bandwidth. There are many advantages of PIFA making its
widespread use in devices that is, easy fabrication, simple
structure, small volume, low manufacturing cost. PIFA
structure is easy to hide in the casing of the mobile handset as
compared to monopole, rod & helix antennas. Also, PIFA has
reduced backward radiation towards user’s head and body
which further minimizes SAR and improves performance[1].
They can resonate at much smaller antenna size and by cutting
slots in radiating patch, resonance can be modified. Proper
shape of the patch and positions of feeding and shorting pins
results in multiband operation.
The major drawback of PIFA is its narrow bandwidth;
therefore it is important and necessary to widen the bandwidth
for using it in mobile phones and other devices. The evolution
of the handset antenna structures from a monopole to the
PIFA shows that the essential component of a mobile handset
antenna is the “wire”. The patches, slots, and stubs are only
used to compensate for the mismatch and improve the
radiation characteristics.
Next section explains the basic structure of simple PIFA
and discusses the relationship between various parameters.
Section III discusses the design of the proposed antenna with
square patch radiator and its properties using HFSS simulation
software. Section IV provides conclusion and section V
discusses future scope of the design.
II. PIFA THEORY
The Inverted-F antenna has transformed the
horizontal element from a wire to a plate resulting in the so
called planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA). It has a self-
resonating structure with purely resistive load impedance at
the frequency of operation. Variation of length, distance and
location of the feed and shorting point, height of the radiator
etc. affects the electrical performance of these antenna
structures [2]. Typical configuration of PIFA is shown in Fig.
1. The antenna is fed through feeding pin which connects to
the ground plane. The shorting pin and shorting plate allows
good impedance matching achieved with the patch above
ground plane of size less than λ/4. Resulting PIFA structure is
of compact size than conventional λ/2 patch antennas.
Fig. 1. Basic PIFA Structure
The frequency at which PIFA resonates can be
calculated by using a basic formula as given below
…… (1)
Where c is the speed of light,
Lg
Wg
Ground Plane
Radiating Patch
Feed point
H
Lp
Wp
2. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications
ISSN 2250-3153
Wp and Lp are the width and length of the top plate of PIFA,
f0 is the resonant frequency.
Above equation represents that the sum of the width and
length of the top plate should be λ/4. This approximation is
very rough and does not cover all the parameters that
significantly affects the resonant frequency of the antenna [3].
As width of the shorting plate also affects resonant frequency
of the antenna. So, reduction in the width of shorting plate
results in lowering the resonant frequency and vice versa. By
analyzing the resonant frequency and bandwidth
characteristics we can determine the optimum location of the
feed point, at which minimum return loss is to be obtained. By
optimizing the spacing between feed point and shorting point
impedance matching of the PIFA can be obtained.
To broaden the bandwidth of PIFA structure various
techniques have been employed and the most widely used
method is to increase the height of the shorting plate which
finally results in increase of volume[4]. Also by optimizing
the dimensions of the ground plane, the bandwidth of PIFA
can be adjusted such as reduction in dimensions of ground
plane can effectively widen the bandwidth of the antenna.
Several other techniques can also be used to enhance the
bandwidth of a PIFA namely using dielectric material of high
permittivity [5], using capacitive loading, using additional
shorting plate etc.
III. PROPOSED PIFA DESIGN
In this section a novel and simple PIFA design with
broad bandwidth is discussed. The bandwidth here can be
specified as impedance bandwidth for which return loss S11 is
-6 dB as this value is good enough for mobile handset
applications. Also frequency bandwidth can be specified for
voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) less than 2:1 which is
equivalent to 10 dB level [6]. At this level 10% of the
incident power is reflected back at the source. The geometry
of the proposed antenna design is as shown in Fig. 2. The
antenna comprises a square shaped top plate also referred as
radiating patch, ground plane, feed wire and shorting pin or
plate.
As compared with conventional PIFA design, the difference is
the structure of top plate. As in conventional PIFA structure
the top plate is of rectangular shape while in this paper the
square top plate is proposed. Effect of using square shaped top
plate results in reduction in volume of antenna. The antenna is
using an FR4 PCB with relative permittivity, εr = 4.4 and
dielectric loss tangent, δ = 0.02.
Ws
Lg
Wg
(a) (b)
Fig. 2 Proposed antenna design (a) Top view, (b) Side view
The proposed design was simulated using HFSS
simulator and design configuration is as follows : Lp= 22 mm,
Wp= 22 mm, H= 5.2 mm, Ls = 5.2 mm, Ws = 3 mm. The
ground plane was selected with size of Lg = 68 mm and Wg =
37 mm. The space between ground plane and top plate is air
filled; here air is used as dielectric material [7]. Using a
dielectric material between ground plane and top plate has
effect on gain and bandwidth of PIFA antenna. To get good
return loss and gain, the height of top plate selected is 5.2 mm.
The ground plane, shorting plate and top plate are made
perfect electrical conductor (pec) [8].
Fig. 3 Simulated Results: Return Loss of PIFA
3. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications
ISSN 2250-3153
The results obtained after simulating the designed
antenna are shown in Fig. 3, 4, 5 and 6. The maximum Return
loss is -33.88 dB obtained at resonant frequency of 1.855
GHz. At resonant frequency the impedance obtained is
1.0183 + 0.0365 j. Also, it is observed from results that at
resonant frequency the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
(VSWR) is well below 2dB [7] i.e. at 1.8550 GHz value of
VSWR is 0.3512 dB. The upper and lower frequency at
which return loss of -6 dB is obtained is 1.990 GHz and
1.711 GHz, respectively. Therefore, the impedance
bandwidth of the proposed PIFA design is the difference
between upper and lower frequency [9] which is 0.28 GHz.
Hence, the impedance bandwidth of PIFA is 15.1 %.
Fig. 5 Simulated Results : Input Impedance of PIFA
The maximum gain achieved from simulating the
designed antenna structure is 3.53 dBi at resonant
frequency 1.855 GHz, respectively, as shown in the Fig. 6.
The gain plot given is 3D plot showing gain of the antenna
in all directions.
Fig. 6 Simulated Results : 3D Gain Plot of PIFA
IV. CONCLUSION
The design of a modified low profile PIFA with
square shaped top plate have been presented and proposed.
PIFA antennas are having a narrow bandwidth
characteristic which is overcome by using several
techniques. The main aim of the design is to widen the
bandwidth with limited volume. Simulation results have
shown good performance characteristics in terms of return
loss, gain, VSWR. The design details of the antenna can be
used as base for increasing the number of bands covering
several communication standards.
Fig. 4 Simulated Results : 3D Gain Plot of PIFA
4. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications
ISSN 2250-3153
V. FUTURE SCOPE
Proposed antenna design can be modified by
introducing slots, shorting plates, slots on ground plane
and several other techniques to get multiple bands
supported by the structure (3G, 4G LTE, WLAN etc.).
More and more frequencies in a structure are well suited
for mobile applications as there is space constraint in
handsets.
REFERENCES
[1] Kin-Lu Wong, “Planar Antennas for Wireless
Communication”, Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
Chapter: 2, Page(s): 26-65, 2003.
[2] Hang Wong, Kwai-Man Luk, Chi Hou Chan, Quan Xue,
Kwok Kan So, Hau Wah Lai, “Small antennas in Wireless
Communications”, Proceedings of the IEEE Journal, Vol.
100, No. 7, Page(s): 2109 – 2121, July 2012.
[3] W. Geyi, Q. Rao, S. Ali, and D. Wang, “Handset Antenna
Design: Practice And Theory”, Progress In Electromagnetic
Research Journal (PIER) , Vol. 80, Page(s) : 123–160, 2008.
[4] Ray J.A, Chaudhuri S.R.B., “A review of PIFA technology”,
IEEE Indian Antenna week (IAW), Page(s): 1 – 4, Dec.
2011.
[5] Belhadef, Y.; Boukli Hacene, N., “PIFAS antennas design
for mobile communications”, 7th
IEEE International
Workshop on Systems, Signal Processing and their
Applications (WOSSPA), Page(s): 119 – 122, May 2011.
[6] Sinhyung Jeon, Hyengcheul Choi, and Hyeongdong Kim,
“Hybrid Planar Inverted-F Antenna with a T-shaped slot on
the ground plane”, ETRI Journal, Vol. 31, No. 5, Page(s):
616-618, October 2009.
[7] Tefiku, F. , “A Mobile Phone PCS PIFA with Low SAR”,
IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International
Symposium, Page(s): 4685 – 4688, 2007.
[8] Krzysztofik, W.J.; Skikiewicz, A., “Tapered PIFA Antenna
for Handsets Terminals”, 17th IEEE International
Conference on Microwaves, Radar and Wireless
Communications (MIKON), Page(s): 1 – 4, May 2008.
[9] Fang-Lih Lin; Chien-Wen Chiu , “Planar dual-band antenna
with multi-resonators”, IEEE Asia-Pacific Microwave
Conference (APMC),Vol. 1, Page(s): 228 – 231, Dec 2001.
AUTHORS
First Author: Naveen Kumar, is pursuing M.E. From
National Institute of Technical Teachers’ Training &
Research, Chandigarh, India. He has completed B.Tech
from SVIET, Mohali (Punjab), India in the year 2009. His
areas of interest are Wireless & Mobile Communication
and Antenna.
E-mail : chd.naveen@gmail.com.
Second Author: Garima Saini, is currently working as
Assistant Professor at National Institute Of Technical
Teachers’ Training & Research, Chandigarh, India. She
has completed her M.E. from PTU, Jalandhar, India and
B.Tech from JMIT, Radaur, India. She has 12 years of
academic experience. She has authored research papers in
reputed International Journal, National and International
conferences. Her areas of interest are Advanced Digital
Communication, Wireless & Mobile Communication and
Antenna.
E-mail: garimasaini_18@rediffmail.com.