In this paper dual band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) is presented for mobile handset applications at dual frequencies. PIFA is a flat structure, simple and easy to fabricate. The idea of U-shaped slot technique is introduced into the basic rectangular patch antenna for higher GSM frequency. The impedance
bandwidth covers GSM 900 and GSM 1900 bands. The PIFA covers a bandwidth of 31.9MHz (0.88-0.911GHz) or about 3.5% with respect to the resonance frequency at 0.89GHz. For the higher resonant mode the impedance bandwidth is 112.7MHz (1.873-1.985GHz) or about 5.83% with respect to resonance frequency of 1.93 GHz. The PIFA has a gain of 2.59dB and 5.12dB at lower and higher resonating frequencies respectively. PIFA is analyzed using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).
A Multi-Band PIFA with Slotted Ground Plane Naveen Kumar
A multiband PIFA is proposed which operates on DCS, PCS, 3G, 4G, Bluetooth, WLAN & GPS bands. This antenna is designed and simulated in HFSS. The results shows good gain and radiation pattern at all resonant frequencies.
Compact Vertical Patch Antenna for Dual-Band WLAN OperationSaou-Wen Su
A new compact patch antenna, which is arranged perpendicular to a circular ground plane, for WLAN operation is presented. The antenna consists mainly of one driven patch and one shorted parasitic patch, which both wind along two concentric circles. A constructed prototype covering the 2.4 and 5 GHz WLAN bands is demonstrated. Good broadside radiation characteristics are obtained across the operating bands. Details of the proposed patch antenna and experimental results are presented and discussed.
A Bent, Shorted, Planar Monopole Antenna for 2.4 GHz WLAN ApplicationsSaou-Wen Su
A simple, bent monopole antenna well useful for WLAN applications in the 2.4 GHz band is presented. The monopole antenna has a rectangular radiating plate in general and is short-circuited to a small antenna ground and an assembly plate. The assembly plate is not only used as a supporting plate for antenna installation but also regarded as antenna ground. With a low profile of the monopole and use of the coaxial-line feed, the antenna has much flexibility in the placement inside a wireless device. Good radiation characteristics have been observed too.
2008 IEEE AP-S-Internal Wideband Monopole Antenna For MIMO Access-Point Appli...Saou-Wen Su
A three-antenna MIMO system capable of generating a wide operating bandwidth of 2400-5850 MHz for access-point applications is introduced. The proposed design is based on a bent metal-plate monopole antenna with a compact size of 20 × 20 × 14 mm3. The three antennas are equally spaced along the perimeter of a circular ground and all generate a wide bandwidth of larger than 4 GHz. With the antenna short-circuiting facing the center of the ground, not only the overall antenna size is reduced but also good isolation of less than -20 dB can easily be obtained. Calculated envelope correlation is also less than 0.002 across the operating band.
2009 IEEE AP-S-Compact Coaxial-Line-Fed Printed Monopole Antenna for Lower-Ba...Saou-Wen Su
A compact, printed, ultrawideband (UWB) monopole antenna suitable to be as an internal antenna attractive for future UWB applications is demonstrated. The proposed antenna is of a small form factor with the dimensions 6 mm × 33 mm and can easily be fed by 50-ohms mini-cable line. The antenna mainly comprises a monopole antenna, a feeding strip and a ground plane, all printed on a small FR4 substrate. The monopole antenna is printed on both layers of the substrate with an end portion on the back for control of the first/lower resonant mode of the antenna. The feeding strip in between the monopole antenna and the ground plane is further offset to achieve better impedance matching and proper upper-edge operating frequency. With the proposed antenna structure, which provides an operating bandwidth of larger than 2.7 GHz, the impedance bandwidth by 10-dB return loss can easily cover the 3.1–4.85 GHz band, the lower band of the UWB operation.
A compact planar inverted-F antenna with slotted ground planeNaveen Kumar
Design of a small and thin PIFA antenna for handheld devices covering several cellular communication bands such as UMTS, Bluetooth, WiMAX, 4G LTE, WLAN.
Ground plane of the antenna is used as a radiator along with the main patch.
Study of Planar Inverted - F Antenna (PIFA) for mobile devices Naveen Kumar
A brief study of planar inverted-F antenna is given. Basic structure of PIFA is discussed and effect of various parameters is explained. Techniques to improve bandwidth coverage by the antenna are also discussed.
A Multi-Band PIFA with Slotted Ground Plane Naveen Kumar
A multiband PIFA is proposed which operates on DCS, PCS, 3G, 4G, Bluetooth, WLAN & GPS bands. This antenna is designed and simulated in HFSS. The results shows good gain and radiation pattern at all resonant frequencies.
Compact Vertical Patch Antenna for Dual-Band WLAN OperationSaou-Wen Su
A new compact patch antenna, which is arranged perpendicular to a circular ground plane, for WLAN operation is presented. The antenna consists mainly of one driven patch and one shorted parasitic patch, which both wind along two concentric circles. A constructed prototype covering the 2.4 and 5 GHz WLAN bands is demonstrated. Good broadside radiation characteristics are obtained across the operating bands. Details of the proposed patch antenna and experimental results are presented and discussed.
A Bent, Shorted, Planar Monopole Antenna for 2.4 GHz WLAN ApplicationsSaou-Wen Su
A simple, bent monopole antenna well useful for WLAN applications in the 2.4 GHz band is presented. The monopole antenna has a rectangular radiating plate in general and is short-circuited to a small antenna ground and an assembly plate. The assembly plate is not only used as a supporting plate for antenna installation but also regarded as antenna ground. With a low profile of the monopole and use of the coaxial-line feed, the antenna has much flexibility in the placement inside a wireless device. Good radiation characteristics have been observed too.
2008 IEEE AP-S-Internal Wideband Monopole Antenna For MIMO Access-Point Appli...Saou-Wen Su
A three-antenna MIMO system capable of generating a wide operating bandwidth of 2400-5850 MHz for access-point applications is introduced. The proposed design is based on a bent metal-plate monopole antenna with a compact size of 20 × 20 × 14 mm3. The three antennas are equally spaced along the perimeter of a circular ground and all generate a wide bandwidth of larger than 4 GHz. With the antenna short-circuiting facing the center of the ground, not only the overall antenna size is reduced but also good isolation of less than -20 dB can easily be obtained. Calculated envelope correlation is also less than 0.002 across the operating band.
2009 IEEE AP-S-Compact Coaxial-Line-Fed Printed Monopole Antenna for Lower-Ba...Saou-Wen Su
A compact, printed, ultrawideband (UWB) monopole antenna suitable to be as an internal antenna attractive for future UWB applications is demonstrated. The proposed antenna is of a small form factor with the dimensions 6 mm × 33 mm and can easily be fed by 50-ohms mini-cable line. The antenna mainly comprises a monopole antenna, a feeding strip and a ground plane, all printed on a small FR4 substrate. The monopole antenna is printed on both layers of the substrate with an end portion on the back for control of the first/lower resonant mode of the antenna. The feeding strip in between the monopole antenna and the ground plane is further offset to achieve better impedance matching and proper upper-edge operating frequency. With the proposed antenna structure, which provides an operating bandwidth of larger than 2.7 GHz, the impedance bandwidth by 10-dB return loss can easily cover the 3.1–4.85 GHz band, the lower band of the UWB operation.
A compact planar inverted-F antenna with slotted ground planeNaveen Kumar
Design of a small and thin PIFA antenna for handheld devices covering several cellular communication bands such as UMTS, Bluetooth, WiMAX, 4G LTE, WLAN.
Ground plane of the antenna is used as a radiator along with the main patch.
Study of Planar Inverted - F Antenna (PIFA) for mobile devices Naveen Kumar
A brief study of planar inverted-F antenna is given. Basic structure of PIFA is discussed and effect of various parameters is explained. Techniques to improve bandwidth coverage by the antenna are also discussed.
A Multiband Printed Antenna Suitable for Wireless ApplicationsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This study deals with a new research work on a low cost multiband printed antenna
which can be used for three operating frequency bands GSM900/PCS/WIFI/Bluetooth. The
achieved antenna is mounted on an FR-4 substrate. In this study, the solts technique is used to
obtain the multiband behavior. The different solts are inserted in the radiator face and the back
face that is the ground. The whole circuit is optimized taking into account the good matching of
the input impedance in the operating frequency bands with a stable radiation pattern. In order to
optimize the proposed antenna structure we have used CST-MW and to compare the obtained
simulation results we have conducted another electromagnetic simulation by using HFSS
solver. The final circuit validated into simulation has been fabricated and tested which permits to
validate the proposed multiband antenna.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Printed UWB Circular and Modified Circular Disc Monopole AntennasIDES Editor
In this paper, we have investigated printed
monopole antennas, which is basically printed microstrip
antenna with etched ground plane for UWB applications. In
particular, we have simulated two types of UWB printed
monopole antennas: circular and modified circular disk
monopole antennas. Simple rectangular microstrip lines are
used for feeding the printed monopole antennas. This UWB
monopole antenna designed works well for the whole UWB
frequency band 3.1-10.6GHz from the IE3D simulation
results.
A Review of Multi Resonant Slotted Micro Strip Patch Antenna (MPA) for IMT, W...IJEEE
In this paper, a stacked multi resonant slotted micro strip patch antenna (MPA) has been proposed which is suitable to be used for GSM, WLAN standard and WiMAX applications. The antenna has been designed using substrate of FR4 material. In the designed stacked antenna, substrates having different thickness has been used. The bottom stack of designed antenna has a radiating patch of circular shape and the patch on the upper stack has rectangular shape and is flexible in nature. The antenna has a feed line which is connected to circular patch to feed power to the antenna. The feed line has to be of suitable width to match the antenna impedance with port impedance of 50 ohms. The designed antenna has a defected ground structure in order to improve the antenna performance. The antenna performance has been measured in terms of antenna parameters such as impedance bandwidth (GHz), Return loss (dB), antenna impedance (ohms), VSWR and Directivity (dBi). The designed antenna results have been simulated in CST Microwave Studio 2010. The practically designed antenna has been tested successfully by using Network analyzer E5071C. It has been observed that the practical results closely match with theoretical results.
Concurrent 2.4/5-GHz Multi-Loop MIMO Antennas with Wide 3-dB Beamwidth Radiat...Saou-Wen Su
A high-gain, wide-beamwidth, six-loop-antenna MIMO system suited for wireless access points in the concurrent WLAN 2.4 and 5 GHz bands is presented. The antenna system mainly comprises an antenna ground plane and single-band loop antennas, among which the three antennas are designated for 2.4 and 5 GHz operation respectively. The antennas are set in a sequential, rotating arrangement on the ground plane with an equal inclination angle of 60° to form a symmetrical structure, and the 2.4 and 5 GHz loops are facing each other one by one. The experimental results show that good port isolation can be obtained between antenna ports. High-gain, directional radiation patterns with wide 3-dB beamwidth in elevation planes are also observed. Details of a design prototype are described and discussed in the paper.
2009 EuCAP-Hybrid of Monopole and Dipole Antennas for Concurrent WLAN APSaou-Wen Su
A novel hybrid of a 2.4-GHz monopole antenna and a 5-GHz dipole antenna is presented to provide concurrent 2.4 and 5 GHz band operation for access- point applications. The two antennas are arranged in a collinear structure and printed on a compact dielectric substrate with dimensions 12 mm × 60 mm. The monopole antenna has a meandered radiating strip and is short-circuited to a small ground plane through a shorting strip. The dipole antenna includes two sub-dipoles at the opposite side of a narrow ground plane and fed by a simple T-junction microstrip-line network. The two antennas are closely set with a distance of 1 mm only, yet good port isolation (S21) well below –20 dB can be obtained. With a low profile, the proposed design can easily fit into the casing of some standard access points and allow the 2.4 and 5 GHz band signals to be simultaneously received or transmitted with no external diplexer required. Good omnidirectional radiation has been observed too.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Printed Omnidirectional Access-Point Antenna for 2.4/5-GHz WLAN OperationSaou-Wen Su
A new design of the printed omnidirectional antenna for applications in 2.4/5-GHz dual-WLAN-band access points is proposed. The antenna consists of a conventional collinear antenna for 2.4 GHz operation and two U stubs for 5 GHz operation. The two U stubs are located near the points where the maximum currents at about 5.5 GHz occurring on the strips of the collinear antenna, and arranged back to back in the same phase for achieving better antenna gain. Detailed analyses of the U stub on the impedance matching over the 5 GH band is presented. A prototype with good omnidirectional radiation across the 2.4/5-GHz WLAN bands is demonstrated.
Low-Cost Flat Metal-Plate Dipole Antenna for 2.4/5 GHz WLAN OperationSaou-Wen Su
A low-cost, one-piece, flat-plate dipole antenna for dual WLAN band operation is presented. The dipole antenna is rectangular in shape with the dimensions 10 mm × 37 mm and fed by 50-ohm mini-coaxial cable. By cutting two L-shaped slits in each radiating arm, two dipole arms are obtained, which form a larger dipole and a smaller dipole antennas for the 2.4 and 5 GHz band operation respectively. The dipole arms are further short-circuited, making it possible for the antenna to be fabricated by stamping a single, flat metal plate only. The impedance bandwidth for 2.4/5 GHz WLAN operation is with VSWR below 1.5 and good omnidirectional radiation patterns are also observed.
Planar Internal Antenna Design for Cellular Applications & SAR AnalysisIJERD Editor
This paper presents a new design of direct-fed Multi band printed Planar Internal Antenna (PIA), for
cellular applications. The PIA antenna is composed of ground plane, meander radiating strip and two other
parasitic strips are printed on a common substrate. The designed antenna has been simulated in CST
environment. The simulated results for the resonant frequency, return loss, radiation pattern and gain are
presented and discussed. The bandwidths for three resonance achieved on the basis of -6 dB return loss.These
Bandwidths can be utilized for GSM 900, GSM 1800, GSM 1900, LTE 2300 and Bluetooth/WLAN as an
acceptable reference in mobile phones applications. Further the antenna was placed in proximity to the SAR
head on CST environment. The simulated results of SAR analysis are presented in this paper with acceptable
range.
This thesis focuses on mobile phones antenna design with brief description about the historical development, basic parameters and the types of antennas which are used in mobile phones. Mobile phones antenna design section consists of two proposed PIFA antennas. The first design concerns a single band antenna with resonant frequency at GPS frequency (1.575GHz). The first model is designed with main consideration that is to have the lower possible PIFA single band dimensions with reasonable return loss (S11) and the efficiencies. Second design concerns in a wideband PIFA antenna which cover the range from 1800MHz to 2600MHz. This range covers certain important bands: GSM (1800MHz & 1900MHz), UMTS (2100MHz), Bluetooth & Wi-Fi (2.4GHz) and LTE system (2.3GHz, 2.5GHz, and 2.6GHz). The wideband PIFA design is achieved by using slotted ground plane technique. The simulations for both models are performed in COMSOL Multiphysics.
The last two parts of the thesis present the problems of mobile phones antenna. Starting with Specific absorption rate (SAR) problem, efficiency of Mobile phones antenna, and hand-held environment.
DUAL BAND F-ANTENNA FOR EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICAijwmn
A single antenna for multiple bands are always beneficial from the design point of view. Here a single antenna which is fundamentally inverted F antenna is used, the uniqueness of the design is that , it uses trap technique to produce dual resonance from a single inverted F antenna . The trap used to block the current due to some frequencies and passes the current contributed by other frequencies. So in short , this trap is like a RF filter which has some passband as well as stop band. This trap approach uses a LC network to achieve this design goal .The two bands of interest are 865-870 MHz and 902-928 MHz .. The challenge of this design is that the frequency separation of the two bands is very small. In this case, and also the extra section for low frequency band is too small. Then, the influence of trap LC component variation due to tolerance to the two resonant frequencies is big, and so it is difficult to achieve good in band return loss within the LC tolerance. This is the main difficulty of this design. This issue is resolved by placing the low band section away from the end of the antenna. The antenna is designed on FR4 substrate material having thickness of 1.6 mm and hence it is a low cost solution which could use in various commercial applications which follows these bands.
A Miniature L-slot Microstrip Printed Antenna for RFIDTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This work presents a miniature microstrip antenna at 2.45 GHz by using the slots technique. This microstrip antenna is fed by a CPW technique and designed for RFID reader system on FR4 substrate. A size reduction equal to 66.6% has been obtained compared to the conventional rectangular microstrip antenna. The total area of the final circuit is 19x31 mm2. The validated antenna has good matching input impedance with a stable radiation pattern, a loss return of -40 dB, and a gain of 1.78 dBi, a prototype of the proposed antenna has been fabricated and measured.
Characteristic Comparison of U-Shaped Monopole and Complete Monopole AntennaIOSR Journals
A monopole antenna is a type of radio antenna formed by replacing one half of a dipole antenna with
a ground plane at right-angles to the remaining half. Monopoles may be used from a few hundred KHz through
several GHz in frequency and are commonly one-quarter of a wave length long, but may be shorter or longer.
Monopole antennas exhibit high gain and improved efficiency in a surprisingly small package. Monopole
antenna can be designed to exhibit wideband capabilities. The different available monopole antennas are dual
band printed monopole antenna, cross-slot monopole antenna, U-shaped monopole antenna, triangular shaped
monopole antenna and a wideband monopole antenna. This paper deals with the comparison obtained from the
results such as return loss, VSWR, current distribution, and the radiation pattern of simple U-shaped and
complete monopole antenna
Characteristic Comparison of U-Shaped Monopole and Complete Monopole Antenna.IOSR Journals
Abstract: A monopole antenna is a type of radio antenna formed by replacing one half of a dipole antenna with a ground plane at right-angles to the remaining half. Monopoles may be used from a few hundred KHz through several GHz in frequency and are commonly one-quarter of a wave length long, but may be shorter or longer. Monopole antennas exhibit high gain and improved efficiency in a surprisingly small package. Monopole antenna can be designed to exhibit wideband capabilities. The different available monopole antennas are dual band printed monopole antenna, cross-slot monopole antenna, U-shaped monopole antenna, triangular shaped monopole antenna and a wideband monopole antenna. This paper deals with the comparison obtained from the results such as return loss, VSWR, current distribution, and the radiation pattern of simple U-shaped and complete monopole antenna. Keywords- CPW, CST, FR4, LAN, WiMAX
A Multiband Printed Antenna Suitable for Wireless ApplicationsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This study deals with a new research work on a low cost multiband printed antenna
which can be used for three operating frequency bands GSM900/PCS/WIFI/Bluetooth. The
achieved antenna is mounted on an FR-4 substrate. In this study, the solts technique is used to
obtain the multiband behavior. The different solts are inserted in the radiator face and the back
face that is the ground. The whole circuit is optimized taking into account the good matching of
the input impedance in the operating frequency bands with a stable radiation pattern. In order to
optimize the proposed antenna structure we have used CST-MW and to compare the obtained
simulation results we have conducted another electromagnetic simulation by using HFSS
solver. The final circuit validated into simulation has been fabricated and tested which permits to
validate the proposed multiband antenna.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Printed UWB Circular and Modified Circular Disc Monopole AntennasIDES Editor
In this paper, we have investigated printed
monopole antennas, which is basically printed microstrip
antenna with etched ground plane for UWB applications. In
particular, we have simulated two types of UWB printed
monopole antennas: circular and modified circular disk
monopole antennas. Simple rectangular microstrip lines are
used for feeding the printed monopole antennas. This UWB
monopole antenna designed works well for the whole UWB
frequency band 3.1-10.6GHz from the IE3D simulation
results.
A Review of Multi Resonant Slotted Micro Strip Patch Antenna (MPA) for IMT, W...IJEEE
In this paper, a stacked multi resonant slotted micro strip patch antenna (MPA) has been proposed which is suitable to be used for GSM, WLAN standard and WiMAX applications. The antenna has been designed using substrate of FR4 material. In the designed stacked antenna, substrates having different thickness has been used. The bottom stack of designed antenna has a radiating patch of circular shape and the patch on the upper stack has rectangular shape and is flexible in nature. The antenna has a feed line which is connected to circular patch to feed power to the antenna. The feed line has to be of suitable width to match the antenna impedance with port impedance of 50 ohms. The designed antenna has a defected ground structure in order to improve the antenna performance. The antenna performance has been measured in terms of antenna parameters such as impedance bandwidth (GHz), Return loss (dB), antenna impedance (ohms), VSWR and Directivity (dBi). The designed antenna results have been simulated in CST Microwave Studio 2010. The practically designed antenna has been tested successfully by using Network analyzer E5071C. It has been observed that the practical results closely match with theoretical results.
Concurrent 2.4/5-GHz Multi-Loop MIMO Antennas with Wide 3-dB Beamwidth Radiat...Saou-Wen Su
A high-gain, wide-beamwidth, six-loop-antenna MIMO system suited for wireless access points in the concurrent WLAN 2.4 and 5 GHz bands is presented. The antenna system mainly comprises an antenna ground plane and single-band loop antennas, among which the three antennas are designated for 2.4 and 5 GHz operation respectively. The antennas are set in a sequential, rotating arrangement on the ground plane with an equal inclination angle of 60° to form a symmetrical structure, and the 2.4 and 5 GHz loops are facing each other one by one. The experimental results show that good port isolation can be obtained between antenna ports. High-gain, directional radiation patterns with wide 3-dB beamwidth in elevation planes are also observed. Details of a design prototype are described and discussed in the paper.
2009 EuCAP-Hybrid of Monopole and Dipole Antennas for Concurrent WLAN APSaou-Wen Su
A novel hybrid of a 2.4-GHz monopole antenna and a 5-GHz dipole antenna is presented to provide concurrent 2.4 and 5 GHz band operation for access- point applications. The two antennas are arranged in a collinear structure and printed on a compact dielectric substrate with dimensions 12 mm × 60 mm. The monopole antenna has a meandered radiating strip and is short-circuited to a small ground plane through a shorting strip. The dipole antenna includes two sub-dipoles at the opposite side of a narrow ground plane and fed by a simple T-junction microstrip-line network. The two antennas are closely set with a distance of 1 mm only, yet good port isolation (S21) well below –20 dB can be obtained. With a low profile, the proposed design can easily fit into the casing of some standard access points and allow the 2.4 and 5 GHz band signals to be simultaneously received or transmitted with no external diplexer required. Good omnidirectional radiation has been observed too.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Printed Omnidirectional Access-Point Antenna for 2.4/5-GHz WLAN OperationSaou-Wen Su
A new design of the printed omnidirectional antenna for applications in 2.4/5-GHz dual-WLAN-band access points is proposed. The antenna consists of a conventional collinear antenna for 2.4 GHz operation and two U stubs for 5 GHz operation. The two U stubs are located near the points where the maximum currents at about 5.5 GHz occurring on the strips of the collinear antenna, and arranged back to back in the same phase for achieving better antenna gain. Detailed analyses of the U stub on the impedance matching over the 5 GH band is presented. A prototype with good omnidirectional radiation across the 2.4/5-GHz WLAN bands is demonstrated.
Low-Cost Flat Metal-Plate Dipole Antenna for 2.4/5 GHz WLAN OperationSaou-Wen Su
A low-cost, one-piece, flat-plate dipole antenna for dual WLAN band operation is presented. The dipole antenna is rectangular in shape with the dimensions 10 mm × 37 mm and fed by 50-ohm mini-coaxial cable. By cutting two L-shaped slits in each radiating arm, two dipole arms are obtained, which form a larger dipole and a smaller dipole antennas for the 2.4 and 5 GHz band operation respectively. The dipole arms are further short-circuited, making it possible for the antenna to be fabricated by stamping a single, flat metal plate only. The impedance bandwidth for 2.4/5 GHz WLAN operation is with VSWR below 1.5 and good omnidirectional radiation patterns are also observed.
Planar Internal Antenna Design for Cellular Applications & SAR AnalysisIJERD Editor
This paper presents a new design of direct-fed Multi band printed Planar Internal Antenna (PIA), for
cellular applications. The PIA antenna is composed of ground plane, meander radiating strip and two other
parasitic strips are printed on a common substrate. The designed antenna has been simulated in CST
environment. The simulated results for the resonant frequency, return loss, radiation pattern and gain are
presented and discussed. The bandwidths for three resonance achieved on the basis of -6 dB return loss.These
Bandwidths can be utilized for GSM 900, GSM 1800, GSM 1900, LTE 2300 and Bluetooth/WLAN as an
acceptable reference in mobile phones applications. Further the antenna was placed in proximity to the SAR
head on CST environment. The simulated results of SAR analysis are presented in this paper with acceptable
range.
This thesis focuses on mobile phones antenna design with brief description about the historical development, basic parameters and the types of antennas which are used in mobile phones. Mobile phones antenna design section consists of two proposed PIFA antennas. The first design concerns a single band antenna with resonant frequency at GPS frequency (1.575GHz). The first model is designed with main consideration that is to have the lower possible PIFA single band dimensions with reasonable return loss (S11) and the efficiencies. Second design concerns in a wideband PIFA antenna which cover the range from 1800MHz to 2600MHz. This range covers certain important bands: GSM (1800MHz & 1900MHz), UMTS (2100MHz), Bluetooth & Wi-Fi (2.4GHz) and LTE system (2.3GHz, 2.5GHz, and 2.6GHz). The wideband PIFA design is achieved by using slotted ground plane technique. The simulations for both models are performed in COMSOL Multiphysics.
The last two parts of the thesis present the problems of mobile phones antenna. Starting with Specific absorption rate (SAR) problem, efficiency of Mobile phones antenna, and hand-held environment.
DUAL BAND F-ANTENNA FOR EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICAijwmn
A single antenna for multiple bands are always beneficial from the design point of view. Here a single antenna which is fundamentally inverted F antenna is used, the uniqueness of the design is that , it uses trap technique to produce dual resonance from a single inverted F antenna . The trap used to block the current due to some frequencies and passes the current contributed by other frequencies. So in short , this trap is like a RF filter which has some passband as well as stop band. This trap approach uses a LC network to achieve this design goal .The two bands of interest are 865-870 MHz and 902-928 MHz .. The challenge of this design is that the frequency separation of the two bands is very small. In this case, and also the extra section for low frequency band is too small. Then, the influence of trap LC component variation due to tolerance to the two resonant frequencies is big, and so it is difficult to achieve good in band return loss within the LC tolerance. This is the main difficulty of this design. This issue is resolved by placing the low band section away from the end of the antenna. The antenna is designed on FR4 substrate material having thickness of 1.6 mm and hence it is a low cost solution which could use in various commercial applications which follows these bands.
A Miniature L-slot Microstrip Printed Antenna for RFIDTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This work presents a miniature microstrip antenna at 2.45 GHz by using the slots technique. This microstrip antenna is fed by a CPW technique and designed for RFID reader system on FR4 substrate. A size reduction equal to 66.6% has been obtained compared to the conventional rectangular microstrip antenna. The total area of the final circuit is 19x31 mm2. The validated antenna has good matching input impedance with a stable radiation pattern, a loss return of -40 dB, and a gain of 1.78 dBi, a prototype of the proposed antenna has been fabricated and measured.
Characteristic Comparison of U-Shaped Monopole and Complete Monopole AntennaIOSR Journals
A monopole antenna is a type of radio antenna formed by replacing one half of a dipole antenna with
a ground plane at right-angles to the remaining half. Monopoles may be used from a few hundred KHz through
several GHz in frequency and are commonly one-quarter of a wave length long, but may be shorter or longer.
Monopole antennas exhibit high gain and improved efficiency in a surprisingly small package. Monopole
antenna can be designed to exhibit wideband capabilities. The different available monopole antennas are dual
band printed monopole antenna, cross-slot monopole antenna, U-shaped monopole antenna, triangular shaped
monopole antenna and a wideband monopole antenna. This paper deals with the comparison obtained from the
results such as return loss, VSWR, current distribution, and the radiation pattern of simple U-shaped and
complete monopole antenna
Characteristic Comparison of U-Shaped Monopole and Complete Monopole Antenna.IOSR Journals
Abstract: A monopole antenna is a type of radio antenna formed by replacing one half of a dipole antenna with a ground plane at right-angles to the remaining half. Monopoles may be used from a few hundred KHz through several GHz in frequency and are commonly one-quarter of a wave length long, but may be shorter or longer. Monopole antennas exhibit high gain and improved efficiency in a surprisingly small package. Monopole antenna can be designed to exhibit wideband capabilities. The different available monopole antennas are dual band printed monopole antenna, cross-slot monopole antenna, U-shaped monopole antenna, triangular shaped monopole antenna and a wideband monopole antenna. This paper deals with the comparison obtained from the results such as return loss, VSWR, current distribution, and the radiation pattern of simple U-shaped and complete monopole antenna. Keywords- CPW, CST, FR4, LAN, WiMAX
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Design and Simulation of Dual Band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) For Mobile Handset Applications
1. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.1, No.1, October 2015
DOI: 10.5121/jant.2015.1104 37
Design and Simulation of Dual Band Planar
Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) For Mobile Handset
Applications
K. Rama Krishna1, G Sambasiva Rao2, P.R.Ratna Raju.K3
V R Siddhartha Engineering college1, India
Madanapalle Institute of Technology and Science2,3, India
ABSTRACT
In this paper dual band Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) is presented for mobile handset applications at
dual frequencies. PIFA is a flat structure, simple and easy to fabricate. The idea of U-shaped slot technique
is introduced into the basic rectangular patch antenna for higher GSM frequency. The impedance
bandwidth covers GSM 900 and GSM 1900 bands. The PIFA covers a bandwidth of 31.9MHz (0.88-
0.911GHz) or about 3.5% with respect to the resonance frequency at 0.89GHz. For the higher resonant
mode the impedance bandwidth is 112.7MHz (1.873-1.985GHz) or about 5.83% with respect to
resonance frequency of 1.93 GHz. The PIFA has a gain of 2.59dB and 5.12dB at lower and higher
resonating frequencies respectively. PIFA is analyzed using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).
KEYWORDS
Planar Inverted F antenna, Return loss, GSM 900, GSM 1900
1.INTRODUCTION
For rapid development of Cellular Communication an antenna which meets the requirement of a
mobile phone user is very demanding. Monopole ß/2 antenna was used earlier to face these
challenges. Half wavelength monopole antennas have high radiation towards user head, easy to
physical damage and unable to produce multi resonance frequencies. Later monopole antenna is
replaced by Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA). It has advantages of desired cross polarization in
order to receive both horizontal and vertical polarization, easy feeding, simple to fabricate and
easy to place in mobile terminal as its size is less (ß/4). It has less spurious radiation towards user
head.Planar Inverted F antenna is a radiating element shorted at one end from patch to ground.
This shorting plate makes the PIFA to resonate at ß/4. In present scenario minimum size of the
antenna is challenging one. For PIFA with ß/4 resonance, same basic properties can be obtained
as that of normal half wavelength patch antenna.
2.PLANAR INVERTED F ANTENNA (PIFA)
Planar Inverted F antenna is developed from mono pole antenna. Inverted L is realized by folding
down the mono pole in order to decrease the height of the antenna at the same time maintaining
identical resonating length. When feed is applied to the Inverted L, the antenna appears as
2. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.1, No.1, October 2015
Inverted F. The thin top wire of Inverted F is replaced by planar element to get the Planar
Inverted F antenna. This sequence is clearly observable in Fig
2.1 PIFA DESIGN
PIFA consists of ground plane, radiating patch
coaxial probe feed is given between the ground
plane is folded at one edge of a patch and
length as shown in Fig 2. The size of the patch and resonating frequency can be determined by
the following equations
Where L1 = length of the patch,
constant,ß = wavelength. PIFA has moderate (or) high gain in both horizontal and vertical
polarization. Generally most of the wireless
antenna polarization is not known, still the signal is received with good strength. When antenna
orientation is not fixed, a signal with good gain (greater than 10 dB)
strength is calculated by summing up the horizontal and vertical
International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.1, No.1, October 2015
Inverted F. The thin top wire of Inverted F is replaced by planar element to get the Planar
Inverted F antenna. This sequence is clearly observable in Fig 1.
Fig 1. PIFA from monopole
PIFA consists of ground plane, radiating patch above the ground plane and shorting plane. A
coaxial probe feed is given between the ground plane and patch element. Top radiating patch
plane is folded at one edge of a patch and shorted to the ground plane to decrease the antenna
length as shown in Fig 2. The size of the patch and resonating frequency can be determined by
(1)
Fig 2. Basic PIFA
(2)
(3)
= length of the patch, L2 = Width of the patch, C = Velocity of light, = dielectric
= wavelength. PIFA has moderate (or) high gain in both horizontal and vertical
n. Generally most of the wireless systems use vertical polarization. Even if transmitter
antenna polarization is not known, still the signal is received with good strength. When antenna
orientation is not fixed, a signal with good gain (greater than 10 dB) is received and signal
strength is calculated by summing up the horizontal and vertical components.
International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.1, No.1, October 2015
38
Inverted F. The thin top wire of Inverted F is replaced by planar element to get the Planar
the ground plane and shorting plane. A
and patch element. Top radiating patch
shorted to the ground plane to decrease the antenna
length as shown in Fig 2. The size of the patch and resonating frequency can be determined by
= Width of the patch, C = Velocity of light, = dielectric
= wavelength. PIFA has moderate (or) high gain in both horizontal and vertical
use vertical polarization. Even if transmitter
antenna polarization is not known, still the signal is received with good strength. When antenna
is received and signal
3. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.1, No.1, October 2015
39
3.ANTENNA DESCRIPTION
The design of the proposed antenna is shown in Fig 3. It consists of patch plane, ground plane,
shorting plate and feeding post connected to the ground plane. Between dielectric medium and
patch plate, air is placed. Resonating frequency can be calculated if the initial patch and shorting
pin sizes are known using Eq (3).
The dimensions of PIFA are 22mm × 40 mm and is located 5mm above the phone printed circuit
board (PCB).The PCB layer has relative permittivity of 4.4 (FR4_epoxy ) with size 100×40×1.2
mm. To provide RF ground, PCB is metalized on its back surface. By using optimization, the
PIFA is operated at resonant frequencies of 0.89GHz and 1.93GHz to cover the dual band of
GSM900 and GSM1900. The proposed antenna is fed by microstrip feeding structure. U-shaped
slot is introduced on patch plane in order to get dual resonance. Basically coaxial probe feed is
used for PIFA. Here in this antenna Microstrip line feed of width 2mm is used as shown in Fig 3.
Fig 3. PIFA design
Two folded patches are introduced in order to get the high gain at resonant frequencies. First
folded patch of dimension 17 mm × 4 mm is introduced along the width of the patch. Similarly
second folded patch of dimension 18 mm × 3mm is introduced along the length side of
rectangular patch.
Antenna geometry is shown in Table 1 and Antenna description is shown in Table 2
Table 1: PIFA parameters
Length of the patch (L1) 40 mm
Width of the patch (L2) 22mm
Width of the shorting pin (W) 6.7mm
Height of the substrate (h sub ) 1.2 mm
Length of the ground plane 100mm
Width of the ground plane 40mm
Table 2: Antenna description
Shape Rectangular
Frequency of
operation
GSM 900 (880-
960)MHz
GSM 1900 (1850-
1990)MHz
Dielectric constant
of the substrate
FR4 Epoxy (4.4)
4. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.1, No.1, October 2015
40
Height of the
dielectric substrate
1.2 mm
Feeding method Microstrip feed
VSWR 2:1
Gain (2-6) dB
The dimensions of different slots are clearly mentioned in the top view of antenna as shown in
Fig 4.
Fig 4. Top view of PIFA
Fig 5. Front View
4.SIMULATION RESULTS Fig 6. Side View
The Planar Inverted F antenna was analyzed and optimized with the HFSS 13 simulator software.
Since generally PIFA is a high frequency device driven model is used while designing antenna in
HFSS software.
5. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.1, No.1, October 2015
41
4.1The effect of slot on patch for PIFA
The U-shaped slot on patch plane makes the PIFA antenna resonating at dual frequencies.
Initially U-shaped slot is introduced on patch plane. Dual resonating frequencies are generated
out of GSM range. Using parametric analysis that is by varying the length and width of U-shaped
slot dual resonating frequencies are obtained in the GSM range.
For dimensions as shown in Fig 5 (Top view) of PIFA, dual resonating frequencies are obtained
at 0.89GHz and 1.93GHznin the GSM 900 and GSM 1900 standards with return loss of -33.36dB
and -29.67dB respectively.
4.2 Return loss
The lesser return loss the more properly antenna radiating. -10dB value can be considered as the
acceptable return loss. For bandwidth calculations -10db is considered as acceptable return loss.
The return loss of a PIFA with normal microstrip feed is -33.36dB and -29.6dB at frequencies
0.89GHz and 1.93GHz respectively as shown in Fig 7.
Fig 7. Return loss of PIFA
The impedance bandwidth is 31.9MHz (0.88-0.911GHz) or about 3.5% with respect to the
resonance frequency at 0.89GHz. For the higher resonant mode the impedance bandwidth is
112.7MHz (1.873-1.985GHz), or about 5.83% with respect to resonance frequency of 1.93
GHz. The acquired bandwidths can sufficiently cover the bandwidth requirement for GSM 900
and GSM 1900 standards.
4.3 VSWR
Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) should be 2:1 for good radiator. A maximum gain of 2.59
dB is achieved in lower band with VSWR value of 1.0439 indicating a good impedance matching
(perfect matching VSWR=1) which implies that almost all input power could be transmitted to
the patch. In the higher band, the peak gain reaches to 5.12dB with VSWR value of 1.06
indicating a good impedance matching. For both higher and lower bandwidths range the VSWR
is 2:1 as shown in Fig 8.
6. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.1, No.1, October 2015
42
Fig 8. VSWR of PIFA
4.4 The effect of shorting plane width
The effect of shorting plane (shorting pin) width can be analyzed using parametric analysis. As
short plane width increases from 2mm to 6.7mm, the return loss increases at lower & higher
bands and return loss curves are shifting right side of the graph or resonating frequencies are
increased as shown in Fig 12. Resonating frequency of PIFA can be determined using Eq (3).
Return loss variation for different short plane widths are as shown in Table 4.
Fig 9: Variation of return loss with frequency for different short planewidth
Table 4: short plane width VS Return loss
Shorting plane
width(sh_w)
Return Loss
(dB)
at lower
band(0.89GHz)
Return Loss(dB)
at higher
band(1.93GHz)
2mm -12.29 -14.8
4mm -20.04 -20.211
6mm -21.8455 -25.6733
6.7mm -33.3652 -29.6705
7. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.1, No.1, October 2015
43
4.5 The effect of substrate height
The effect of substrate height can be analyzed using parametric analysis. As substrate height
increases from 1.2mm to 4.4mm, impedance bandwidth and return loss at lower and higher bands
are decreasing and the return loss curve moving left side of the graph. The variation of return loss
and impedance bandwidth is tabulated as shown in Fig 10.
Fig 10. Return loss corresponding to substrate heightvariation
Table 5: Return loss & Band width corresponding to substrate heightvariation
Substrat
e height
Sub_w
(mm)
Return loss
at
(0.89GHz)
dB
Return
loss at
(1.93GH)
dB
Impedanc
e band
width at
lower
band
(MHz)
Impedanc
e band
width at
higher
band
(MHz)
1.2 -33.3652 -29.67 31.9 112.7
1.8 -24.1126 -24.337 30.5 106.5
2.8 -17.2341 -21.0618 25.5 95.8
3.8 -12.115 -17.633 16.6 83.5
4.4 -9.6 -16.56 0 75.5
4.6 The effect of change of dielectric constant ( )
When dielectric constant of the material increases, the lower bandwidth is approximately constant
where as the higher bandwidth decreases as shown in Table 6. It is also observed that return loss
increases as dielectric constant increases.
8. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.1, No.1, October 2015
44
Table 6: The effect of change of dielectricconstant
dielectric
constant
( )
Return
loss at
0.89GHz
(dB)
Return
loss at
1.93GHz
(dB)
Impedance
bandwidth
at lower
band(MHz)
Impedance
bandwidth
at higher
band(MHz)
2.2 -20.33 -30.89 31.3 116
3.2 -26.31 -29.44 31.4 113.6
4.4 -33.36 -29.67 31.9 112.7
5.RADIATION PATTERN
The radiation pattern refers to the directional (angular) dependence of the electric field
(magnetic field) strength of the antenna. At lower resonating frequency radiation pattern is
omni-directional
i.e. radiation pattern is figure 8 pattern in elevation plane and uniform in azimuthal plane as
shown in Fig 11 with a gain of 2.59 dB. At higher resonating, the radiation pattern is nearly
uniform in azimuthal plane and directional in elevation plane as shown in Fig 12 resembles
omni- directional pattern with a gain of 5.12 dB.
Fig 11. Radiation pattern for fr = 0.89GHz
9. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.1, No.1, October 2015
45
Fig 12. Radiation pattern for fr = 1.93GHz
5.1 Directivity
Maximum gain in a given direction is called directivity. If antenna efficiency is one directivity
and antenna gain are interchangeable. When resonance frequency is 0.89GHz, a directivity of
2.55dB is achieved as shown in Fig 13. When resonance is frequency 1.93GHz, a directivity of
4.882dB is obtained as shown in Fig 14.
Fig 13. Directivity plot for fr = 0.89GHz
10. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.1, No.1, October 2015
46
Fig 14. Directivity plot for fr = 1.93GHz
5.2 Surface current distribution
The simulated current distributions on the antenna body for both resonant frequencies are
represented in Fig 15. At both resonating frequencies, the current distribution has a maximum
close to the shorting pin similar to the standard PIFA. It is clearly observed from the Fig 15(a)
that the radiation is more at the slots at 0.89 GHz with a maximum value of surface current
distribution (A/m) of more than 0.27 X103
A/m. For the higher resonant frequency, the magnitude
of surface current is observed to be less than the current distribution at lower resonant frequency
as shown in Fig 15(b).
Fig 15 (a): Surface current distribution at 0.89GHz
11. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.1, No.1, October 2015
47
6.CONCLUSION
Fig 15 (b): Surface current distribution at 1.93GHz
In this project Planar Inverted Antenna (PIFA) is designed and simulated. The PIFA covers a
bandwidth of 31.9MHz (0.88-0.911GHz) and 112.7MHz (1.873-1.985GHz) and lower and
higher bands with directivity of 2.55dB and 4.88dB at lower and higher resonating frequencies
0.89GHz and 1.93GHz respectively.
REFERENCES
[1] Saad Wasmi Luhaib, Kaydar M. Quboa and Bareq M. Abaoy "Design and Simulation Dual-Band
PIFA Antenna for GSM Systems” 9 thin ternational multi conference on systems 2012.
[2] Z. D. Liu, P. S. Hall, and D. Wake, "Dual-Frequency Planar Inverted-F Antenna", IEEE Trans.
Antennas Propagation, Vol. 45, No. 10, pp.1451-1458, Oct.1997.
[3] M.Komulainen, M. Berg, H. Jantunen, E. T. Salonen," A Frequency Tuning Method for a Planar
Inverted-F Antenna", IEEE Trans. AntennasPropagat, Vol. 56, No. 4, April 2008.
[4] P. Nepa, G. Manara, A.A. Serra, g. Nenna. “Multiband PIFA for WLAN mobile terminals”,
IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagat Letters, 2005, vol.4, pp. 349 –350.
[5] S.-H. Yeh, K.-L. Wong,T.-W. Chiou, and S. T. Fang, "Dual-band planar inverted F antenna
for GSM/DCS mobile phones," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 1124-1126, May
2003.
[6] Adnan Iftikhar, Muhammad Nadeem Raftiq, "A Dual band balanced planar inverted F antenna (PIFA)
for mobile applications” IEEE Proc-Microwave, Antennas Propagation, Vol.149, No,2,pp. 85-
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[7] Dongsheng Qi, Binhong Li, and Haitao Liu "Compact triple-band planar inverted-F antenna
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[8] P. Salonen, M. Keskilammi, and M. Kivikoski, "Single-Feed Dual-Band Planar Inverted-F Antenna
with U-Shaped Slot", IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 48, No. 8, pp. 1262-1264, Aug. 2000.
[9] N. Misran, M. M. Yunus and M.T. Islam, “Small Dual-Band Planar Antenna with Folded Patch
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[10] Sandeep K Veeravalli, K.Shambavi, Zachariah C Alex “Design of Multi band Antenna for Mobile
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[11] ”Antennas for all applications” 3rd edition by John D Krauss
[12] “Antenna thoery analysis & Design ” ,3rd edition by Constantine A. Balanis
[13] High frequency structure simulator(HFSS) 13 version.
12. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.1, No.1, October 2015
48
Authors
G Sambasiva Rao was born in india, A.P in 1984. He received B.E(ECE) from
Narasaraopeta Engineering College, Narasaraopeta. And M.Tech(Microwave Engg) from
University of Kerala, Trivandrum. He has a 6 years of teaching experience. 4 International
Journals, 02 International Conference in his credit. Presently working as an Assistant
professor in MITS, Madanapalle,A.P
P.R.Ratna Raju.K was born in india, A.P in 1984. He received B.E(ECE) from Sir
C.R.Reddy College of Engineering, Eluru. And M.Tech(Communication systems) SVNIT,
Surat, Gujarat .He has a 6 years of teaching experience. Presently working as an Assis tant
professor in MITS, Madanapalle,A.P
K Ramakrishna was born in india, A.P in 1988. He received B.E(ECE) and M.Tech(Microwave Engg)
from VR Siddhartha Engineering College, Vijayawada. He has a 2 years of teaching experience. 1
International Journals, 02 International Conference in his credit. Presently working as an Assistant
professor in Srinidhi institute Technolog, Hyderabad,Telangana.