ABSTRACT
MOEMS based micro-sized pressure sensor can be developed to detect even
sub-micron range dimension change using the photonic crystal. The applied pressure on the
object will change the dimension of the waveguide carved in the photonic crystal. As a result,
this change in spacing can alter the propagation feature of electromagnetic waves that pass
through them that is changing the transmission spectrum. So, this change can directly be
mapped to pressure on the observed object. In this paper, the pressure sensor using photonic
crystal has been modeled and analyzed.
Analysis and simulations of optimal geometry shapes of the 4 and 9 nano hole ...IJECEIAES
The possibility to limit and manipulate photons at nanometer scales attracted a lot of interest for exciting applications from subwavelength in laser, biosensors, biomedical and optoelectronics devices, the sensor optical properties, however; are complex due to two resonances through propagating and localized surface plasmons. The optical properties of surface plasmons (SPs) at the resonant wavelength is depending on the geometrical nanostructure of materials. In this article, we used different geometry of nanoholes array, 4 and 9 nanoholes array in a metallic film gold nanoparticle with different thickness (20,50,100) nm on SiO2 substrate with refractive index 1.46, we designed two different geometries; 4- holes: hole radius r1=200 nm, period p1=600 nm; and 9- holes: r2=100 nm, period p2=300 nm. Transmission and reflection spectrum have been calculated and simulated by FDTD Lumerical program. From results are observed the effect of thickness is interesting, transmission is increased at (t=20nm) for two arrays. Furthermore, the number of hole and its area has an influence on optical transmission and other parameters (E, H, Ref) which are characteristics of design of metallic nanostructure. We can see that there is a peak value of the wavelength at 519 nm approximately to 73% strong light transmission with 4-NHA in the other hand wavelength of 519 nm transmission is 45% with 9-NHA. strong light transmission is hopeful for many applications (biomedical devices, nanoantennas and laser optical fiber).
Luigi Giubbolini | Microwave Nondestructive Testing of Composite MaterialsLuigi Giubbolini
Microwave Nondestructive Testing (MNDT) techniques have advantages over other NDT methods (such as radiography, ultrasonics, and eddy current) regarding low cost, good penetration in nonmetallic materials, good resolution and contactless feature of the microwave sensor (antenna).
International Conference On Electrical Engineeringanchalsinghdm
ICGCET 2019 | 5th International Conference on Green Computing and Engineering Technologies. The conference will be held on 7th September - 9th September 2019 in Morocco. International Conference On Engineering Technology
The conference aims to promote the work of researchers, scientists, engineers and students from across the world on advancement in electronic and computer systems.
Porosity and the Magnetic Properties of Aluminium Doped Nickel Ferriteijtsrd
The nanocrystalline particles of Aluminium Al doped nickel Ni ferrites with general formula NiAlxFe2 xO4 x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 were synthesized by sol gel auto combustion technique. The formation of single phase cubic spinel was confirmed by X ray diffraction analyses. Morphological features of the samples are studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM to examine the particle size, shape and homogeneity of sample. The magnetic hysteresis graphs were obtained to understand their magnetic behaviours. The relative permeability µr of AlNi ferrite samples shows a decrease for all samples as Al content increases. Sandar Oo | Ye Wint Tun | Shwe Zin Oo "Porosity and the Magnetic Properties of Aluminium Doped Nickel Ferrite" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25240.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/other/25240/porosity-and-the-magnetic-properties-of-aluminium-doped-nickel-ferrite/sandar-oo
2D-Euler Deconvolution technique and Electrical Self-Potential analysis for s...iosrjce
In order to evaluate groundwater potential of Matuu-Kilango area faults and fractures which are
groundwater conduits had to be delineated. Earlier use of geological reconnaissance report only in siting
boreholes has led to recorded cases of borehole failure in Matuu. Integrated geophysical survey involving
magnetics and electrical self-potential techniques was applied over a 25 square kilometre area. Qualitative
interpretation involving generation of contour maps for magnetic anomaly as well as self-potentials was
attempted. Euler Deconvolution solutions were obtained using a structural index of 0.5 that gave well clustered
solutions and discontinuities over the anomalous zone. Fractured/faulted zone was identified to the west of
Matuu-Kilango area with faults and fractures existing at 100m depth having general orientation of South-East
to North-West. Along the faulted zone was prevalent negative self-potential values ranging from -10mV to about
-100mV, an indication of availability of groundwater resource
Analysis and simulations of optimal geometry shapes of the 4 and 9 nano hole ...IJECEIAES
The possibility to limit and manipulate photons at nanometer scales attracted a lot of interest for exciting applications from subwavelength in laser, biosensors, biomedical and optoelectronics devices, the sensor optical properties, however; are complex due to two resonances through propagating and localized surface plasmons. The optical properties of surface plasmons (SPs) at the resonant wavelength is depending on the geometrical nanostructure of materials. In this article, we used different geometry of nanoholes array, 4 and 9 nanoholes array in a metallic film gold nanoparticle with different thickness (20,50,100) nm on SiO2 substrate with refractive index 1.46, we designed two different geometries; 4- holes: hole radius r1=200 nm, period p1=600 nm; and 9- holes: r2=100 nm, period p2=300 nm. Transmission and reflection spectrum have been calculated and simulated by FDTD Lumerical program. From results are observed the effect of thickness is interesting, transmission is increased at (t=20nm) for two arrays. Furthermore, the number of hole and its area has an influence on optical transmission and other parameters (E, H, Ref) which are characteristics of design of metallic nanostructure. We can see that there is a peak value of the wavelength at 519 nm approximately to 73% strong light transmission with 4-NHA in the other hand wavelength of 519 nm transmission is 45% with 9-NHA. strong light transmission is hopeful for many applications (biomedical devices, nanoantennas and laser optical fiber).
Luigi Giubbolini | Microwave Nondestructive Testing of Composite MaterialsLuigi Giubbolini
Microwave Nondestructive Testing (MNDT) techniques have advantages over other NDT methods (such as radiography, ultrasonics, and eddy current) regarding low cost, good penetration in nonmetallic materials, good resolution and contactless feature of the microwave sensor (antenna).
International Conference On Electrical Engineeringanchalsinghdm
ICGCET 2019 | 5th International Conference on Green Computing and Engineering Technologies. The conference will be held on 7th September - 9th September 2019 in Morocco. International Conference On Engineering Technology
The conference aims to promote the work of researchers, scientists, engineers and students from across the world on advancement in electronic and computer systems.
Porosity and the Magnetic Properties of Aluminium Doped Nickel Ferriteijtsrd
The nanocrystalline particles of Aluminium Al doped nickel Ni ferrites with general formula NiAlxFe2 xO4 x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 were synthesized by sol gel auto combustion technique. The formation of single phase cubic spinel was confirmed by X ray diffraction analyses. Morphological features of the samples are studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM to examine the particle size, shape and homogeneity of sample. The magnetic hysteresis graphs were obtained to understand their magnetic behaviours. The relative permeability µr of AlNi ferrite samples shows a decrease for all samples as Al content increases. Sandar Oo | Ye Wint Tun | Shwe Zin Oo "Porosity and the Magnetic Properties of Aluminium Doped Nickel Ferrite" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25240.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/other/25240/porosity-and-the-magnetic-properties-of-aluminium-doped-nickel-ferrite/sandar-oo
2D-Euler Deconvolution technique and Electrical Self-Potential analysis for s...iosrjce
In order to evaluate groundwater potential of Matuu-Kilango area faults and fractures which are
groundwater conduits had to be delineated. Earlier use of geological reconnaissance report only in siting
boreholes has led to recorded cases of borehole failure in Matuu. Integrated geophysical survey involving
magnetics and electrical self-potential techniques was applied over a 25 square kilometre area. Qualitative
interpretation involving generation of contour maps for magnetic anomaly as well as self-potentials was
attempted. Euler Deconvolution solutions were obtained using a structural index of 0.5 that gave well clustered
solutions and discontinuities over the anomalous zone. Fractured/faulted zone was identified to the west of
Matuu-Kilango area with faults and fractures existing at 100m depth having general orientation of South-East
to North-West. Along the faulted zone was prevalent negative self-potential values ranging from -10mV to about
-100mV, an indication of availability of groundwater resource
RESULTS OF FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FOR INTERLAMINAR FRACTURE REINFORCED THERM...MSEJjournal1
The double cantilever beam (DCB) is widely used for fracture toughness testing and it has become popular
for opening-mode (mode I) delamination testing of laminated composites. Delamination is a crack that
forms between the adjacent plies of a composite laminate at the brittle polymer resin. This study was
conducted to emphasize the need for a better understanding of the DCB specimen of different fabric
reinforced systems (carbon fibers) with a thermoplastic matrix (EP, PEI), by using the extended finite
element method (X-FEM). It is well known that in fabric reinforced composites fracture mechanisms
include microcracking in front of the crack tip, fiber bridging and multiple cracking, and both contribute
considerably to the high interlaminar fracture toughness measured. That means, the interlaminar fracture
toughness of a composite is not controlled by a single material parameter, but is a result of a complex
interaction of resin, fiber and interface properties.
Neutron Imaging and Tomography with Medipix2 and Dental Microroentgenography:...IJAEMSJORNAL
An over view of Neutron Imaging and Tomography (NIT) with Medipix2 and Dental Micro-roentgenography have been presented in this article. This over view confined to semiconductor detector Medipix2, neutron radiography and tomography and dental microroentgenography. Medipix2 is a pixel-based detector technology employed to measure charge particles, photons (visible through gammas) and neutron. Neutron Beam for this technology are LVR-15 Research Reactor ( 107 n/cm2 s) and Spallation neutron source ( 3×106n/cm2 s) .This technology has been verified with photograph and neutronogram of a relay and photograph and tomographic 3D reconstruction of a bullet cartidge, tooth and fishing thread. Comparison of spatial resolution among different imagers also has been presented.
USING ADVANCED INSPECTION METHOD (THREE-DIMENSIONAL ULTRASONIC)IN RECOGNITION...msejjournal
In this study, using Harfang Code 32 device, the slag catcher pipelines in one of the South Pars phases
were tested. In radiography method of these lines, no clear defect was observed in radiographic films due
to the high thickness of 40 mm. However, marvelous results were obtained using advanced ultrasonic.
Review and analysis of the results will result in high potential of three-dimensional ultrasonic method in
identifying defects in pipelines with high thicknesses and preventing financial and life-threatening risks
during the use of these refineries in the future.
In this paper, a developed three-dimensional Molecular Dynamics (MD) model for AFM-based
nanomachining is applied to study mechanical indentation and scratching at the nanoscale. The
correlation between the machining conditions, including applied force, depth, tip speed, and
defect mechanism in substrate/workpiece is investigeted. The simulations of nanoscratching
process are performed on different crystal orientations of single-crystal gold substrate, Au(100),
Au(110), and Au(111). The material deformation and deformed geometry are extracted from the
final locations of atoms, which are displaced by the rigid indenter. The simulation also allows
for the prediction of forces at the interface between the indenter and substrate. Material
properties including modulus of elasticity and hardness are estimated. It is found that properties
vary significantly at the nanoscale. In addition to the modeling, an AFM is used to conduct
actual indentation and scratching at the nanoscale, and provide measurements to which the MD
simulation predictions are compared. Due to computational time limitation, the predicted forces
obtained from MD simulation only compares well qualitatively with the experimental results.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Natural ageing of stabilized and unustabilized ldpe films used as greenhouses...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This article focuses on the study of both stabilized and unstabilized low-density polyethylene films aged under natural weathering in the middle of Morocco (Sidi Kacem city). The study was undertaken on three samples for each LDPE films: a new sample taken as reference; another exposed to outdoor weathering for one year; and a sample exposed for two years.
The outdoor exposure effects were followed by analysis of the total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). This technique provides information on the main chemical functions and evaluates the internal causes of natural ageing of our samples. The infrared spectra show the formation of hydroperoxides -O-OH, carbonyls >C=O, aliphatic esters R-(CO)-O-R, ether R-O-R, vinyl C=C, vinylidene >C=CH2 and trans-vinylene RHC=CRH in the amorphous regions. These compounds lead to initiate the mechanism of photo-oxidation of the unstabilized LDPE samples. Therefore, the increase in the formation of oxidation products into the aged samples (LDPEUS) indicates an accelerated degradation of these latter on climatic factors (UV, O2, humidity, rain ...). The UV stabilizer (free radicals scavengers) added to the formulation of LDPE films can delay the attack of the amorphous phase and prevent the formation of compounds that can cause and accelerate photo-oxidation. The results obtained by the infrared have been confirmed by observing the morphology of the samples with scanning electron microscopy technology (SEM).
Keywords: LDPE, Photo-oxidation, Natural ageing, UV stabilizer, ATR-FTIR, SEM
Time Domain Modelling of Optical Add-drop filter based on Microcavity Ring Re...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
RESULTS OF FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FOR INTERLAMINAR FRACTURE REINFORCED THERM...MSEJjournal1
The double cantilever beam (DCB) is widely used for fracture toughness testing and it has become popular
for opening-mode (mode I) delamination testing of laminated composites. Delamination is a crack that
forms between the adjacent plies of a composite laminate at the brittle polymer resin. This study was
conducted to emphasize the need for a better understanding of the DCB specimen of different fabric
reinforced systems (carbon fibers) with a thermoplastic matrix (EP, PEI), by using the extended finite
element method (X-FEM). It is well known that in fabric reinforced composites fracture mechanisms
include microcracking in front of the crack tip, fiber bridging and multiple cracking, and both contribute
considerably to the high interlaminar fracture toughness measured. That means, the interlaminar fracture
toughness of a composite is not controlled by a single material parameter, but is a result of a complex
interaction of resin, fiber and interface properties.
Neutron Imaging and Tomography with Medipix2 and Dental Microroentgenography:...IJAEMSJORNAL
An over view of Neutron Imaging and Tomography (NIT) with Medipix2 and Dental Micro-roentgenography have been presented in this article. This over view confined to semiconductor detector Medipix2, neutron radiography and tomography and dental microroentgenography. Medipix2 is a pixel-based detector technology employed to measure charge particles, photons (visible through gammas) and neutron. Neutron Beam for this technology are LVR-15 Research Reactor ( 107 n/cm2 s) and Spallation neutron source ( 3×106n/cm2 s) .This technology has been verified with photograph and neutronogram of a relay and photograph and tomographic 3D reconstruction of a bullet cartidge, tooth and fishing thread. Comparison of spatial resolution among different imagers also has been presented.
USING ADVANCED INSPECTION METHOD (THREE-DIMENSIONAL ULTRASONIC)IN RECOGNITION...msejjournal
In this study, using Harfang Code 32 device, the slag catcher pipelines in one of the South Pars phases
were tested. In radiography method of these lines, no clear defect was observed in radiographic films due
to the high thickness of 40 mm. However, marvelous results were obtained using advanced ultrasonic.
Review and analysis of the results will result in high potential of three-dimensional ultrasonic method in
identifying defects in pipelines with high thicknesses and preventing financial and life-threatening risks
during the use of these refineries in the future.
In this paper, a developed three-dimensional Molecular Dynamics (MD) model for AFM-based
nanomachining is applied to study mechanical indentation and scratching at the nanoscale. The
correlation between the machining conditions, including applied force, depth, tip speed, and
defect mechanism in substrate/workpiece is investigeted. The simulations of nanoscratching
process are performed on different crystal orientations of single-crystal gold substrate, Au(100),
Au(110), and Au(111). The material deformation and deformed geometry are extracted from the
final locations of atoms, which are displaced by the rigid indenter. The simulation also allows
for the prediction of forces at the interface between the indenter and substrate. Material
properties including modulus of elasticity and hardness are estimated. It is found that properties
vary significantly at the nanoscale. In addition to the modeling, an AFM is used to conduct
actual indentation and scratching at the nanoscale, and provide measurements to which the MD
simulation predictions are compared. Due to computational time limitation, the predicted forces
obtained from MD simulation only compares well qualitatively with the experimental results.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Natural ageing of stabilized and unustabilized ldpe films used as greenhouses...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This article focuses on the study of both stabilized and unstabilized low-density polyethylene films aged under natural weathering in the middle of Morocco (Sidi Kacem city). The study was undertaken on three samples for each LDPE films: a new sample taken as reference; another exposed to outdoor weathering for one year; and a sample exposed for two years.
The outdoor exposure effects were followed by analysis of the total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). This technique provides information on the main chemical functions and evaluates the internal causes of natural ageing of our samples. The infrared spectra show the formation of hydroperoxides -O-OH, carbonyls >C=O, aliphatic esters R-(CO)-O-R, ether R-O-R, vinyl C=C, vinylidene >C=CH2 and trans-vinylene RHC=CRH in the amorphous regions. These compounds lead to initiate the mechanism of photo-oxidation of the unstabilized LDPE samples. Therefore, the increase in the formation of oxidation products into the aged samples (LDPEUS) indicates an accelerated degradation of these latter on climatic factors (UV, O2, humidity, rain ...). The UV stabilizer (free radicals scavengers) added to the formulation of LDPE films can delay the attack of the amorphous phase and prevent the formation of compounds that can cause and accelerate photo-oxidation. The results obtained by the infrared have been confirmed by observing the morphology of the samples with scanning electron microscopy technology (SEM).
Keywords: LDPE, Photo-oxidation, Natural ageing, UV stabilizer, ATR-FTIR, SEM
Time Domain Modelling of Optical Add-drop filter based on Microcavity Ring Re...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This is research work carried out by Dr. Preeta sharan and her student Kavya Ullal. It was live streaming international conference. The organizer appreciated her work at the end of the show.
Design of a Selective Filter based on 2D Photonic Crystals Materials IJECEIAES
Two dimensional finite differences temporal domain (2D-FDTD) numerical simulations are performed in cartesian coordinate system to determine the dispersion diagrams of transverse electric (TE) of a two-dimension photonic crystal (PC) with triangular lattice. The aim of this work is to design a filter with maximum spectral response close to the frequency 1.55 μm. To achieve this frequency, selective filters PC are formed by combination of three waveguides W 1 K A wherein the air holes have of different normalized radii respectively r 1 /a=0.44, r 2 /a=0.288 and r /a= 0.3292 (a: is the periodicity of the lattice with value 0.48 μm). Best response is obtained when we insert three small cylindrical cavities (with normalized radius of 0.17) between the two half-planes of photonic crystal strong lateral confinement.
Design and manufacturing of iris waveguide filters for satellite communicationTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
We propose in this paper, two bandpass filters in waveguide technology having rectangular symmetrical discontinuities with a half-radius r, designed and operating respectively in the X-Band (9-11.5) GHz and C-Band (3.5-5.5) GHz. These filters consists of eight irises placed symmetrically respectively on standard rectangular waveguides WR90 and WR229 in which resonant irises are inserted. These irises are used to couple the sections very strongly in this filter, which allows the bandwidth to be increased and the matching to be controlled. The comparison between the numerical and electromagnetic results, which we obtained for the filters, constitutes a means of validation of computer simulation technology (CST) environment and Mician for the design of the other circuit elements in the various frequency bands. We observed excellent consistency between the simulation curves and those of the measurements. The results obtained are promising and pave the way for the use of these structures in the fields of telecommunications.
Development of spiral square coils for magnetic labelling detection in microf...IJECEIAES
Due to the development of microfluidic systems biomedical microelectromechanical systems (BioMEMS) for magnetic labelling detection by magnetic microbeads circling in microfluidic channels, we used the magnetic field created by microcoils. The magnetic field associated with the electric current, but with negatively affects if its value increases too much. Handling bio-species in the microfluidic chip requires that the temperature maintained to keep the cells to prevent their destruction. In this paper we have described the spiral square coil design of different structures to produce an effective magnetic flux density. The simulation of the magnetic flux density is carried out with the help of the COMSOL software. We have presented an optimization of the geometric parameters of the microcoil for a better performance and a miniaturization of the structure with copper wire section S=25 µm2 and inter-wire space a=5 µm. We have also developed this microcoil by adding a ferromagnetic core to the inner center, the results obtained in this work shown that the magnetic flux density increases around 1.07 times in Bx and 1.45 times in Bz. This new approach in designing a microcoil allows to obtaining a fast trapping of the microbeads and a highly sensitive biological element detection and avoiding increase heat ratio in microfluidic systems.
GEOMETRY AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LOW INDEX SILICON MICRO RING RESONATORSoptljjournal
An optical ring resonator is indeed a series of waveguides in which a closed loop coupled with some sort of input and output of light is at least one. The consequence of the index difference on dielectric waveguide characteristics such as single-mode process, losses, efficiency of fiber to waveguide coupling, minimum bending radius, hybridity mode, birefringence, polarization effects, repeatability and stability, integration
size, realizable circuits, technical constraints and usable materials is indeed very significant for study. The purpose of this article is to analyze the effect of the features of the waveguide with regard to the index correlation and to explore the difficulties. This article assesses the effect of the intensity index on the characteristics of the dielectric waveguide, such as the single-mode device, losses, technical constraints and materials available. This work is an approximation for the design of optical waveguides, so that by lowering the silicon index, we can achieve versatility
Few-mode optical fiber surface plasmon resonance sensor with controllable ra...IJECEIAES
A few-mode optical fiber surface plasmon resonance sensor with graphene layer is investigated, firstly, with the aim of studying the behavior of the guided modes and, secondly, with the aim of determining the range of the measured refractive index for some selected few-mode fibers. The results show that as the number of modes propagated in the fiber increases, the maximum sensitivity of a particular mode decreases while the range of the measured refractive index of that mode increases. Also, it is shown that the range can be easily tuned with sensitivity consideration by only adjusting the operating wavelength without any modification of the sensor, which is desirable from practical point of view. In addition, it is shown that the core diameter of the fiber should be chosen according to sensitivity and range needing, where a compromise between them must be found. The study presented in this paper can significantly help in developing new sensing techniques, such as multi-parameter sensing, by monitoring the various responses of the modes. Also, it can be used to customize the sensor for specific sensing applications in various fields, especially to measure refractive indices in subranges of 1.38 to 1.46.
The Microstrip antenna has been commercially used in many applications, such as direct broadcast
satellite service, mobile satellite communications, global positioning system, medical hyperthermia usage,
etc. The patch antenna of the size reduction at a given operating frequency is obtained. Mobile personal
communication systems and wireless computer networks are most commonly used nowadays and they are
in need of antennas in different frequency bands. In regulate to without difficulty incorporate these
antennas into individual systems, a micro strip scrap transmitter have been preferred and intended for a
convinced divergence. There is also an analysis of radiation pattern, Gain of the antenna, Directivity of the
antenna, Electric Far Field. The simulations results are obtained by using electromagnetic simulation
software called feko software are presented and discussed.
A horn may be considered as a flared out waveguide. In this paper, a powerful electromagnetic simulator, 3D
EM solver WIPL-D software is used to design, analyse and optimize the dimensions of horn antenna which is
based on MOM solution for computations. The standard horn antenna at 10 GHz for 15dB gain is modelled and
the radiation pattern was observed. The horn antenna is optimized to achieve more than 20dB gain using
Genetic Algorithm, radiation patterns of the optimized horn antenna are also presented. Geometry of the horn
can be modelled by exploring the toolbar ‘symmetry’ option in WIPL-D. Design of X band Pyramidal Horn
Antenna is fabricated and measured using Network Analyzer.
An analytical method with numerical results to be used in the design of optic...nooriasukmaningtyas
This study develops an analytical method with numerical results for the design of optical slab waveguides for optical communication system applications. An optical slab waveguide structure made of silicon on silicon dioxide material is designed and analyzed. The effective index of the mode is studied against variations in the waveguide dimensions. Transmission and reflection coefficients are studied and compared to the wavelength and dimensions of the waveguide. Variations are sketched with the x-axis, in addition to the electric field intensity distribution and effective refractive index. Waveguide bending loss is also studied with waveguide thickness and length variations within three waveguide transmission windows of 850 nm, 1300nm, and 1550nm.
Comparative Analysis for Different Stack Shaped Microstrip Patch Antennaijsrd.com
A compact stack antenna consisting of square patch, loop couplers and inset feed line is reviewed in this work. This proposed design represents a stacked patch antenna having an arrangement of two substrates separated by an air gape and a coupling is provided using square loop structure. The structure is reviewed in two different directions firstly the feed arrangement is varied and secondly a variation in coupler structure is done to make the antenna work at multiple frequencies in UWB range. The simulation results of this work with different resonator structure and feed structures are presented and comparative analysis of these different arrangements is presented in this paper. Simulation results obtained from the proposed antenna for return loss, polar radiation and pattern voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) shows its suitability for ultra wide band application.
Determining the Complex Permittivity of Building Dielectric Materials using a...IJECEIAES
This paper presents a technique to determine the Dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the building dielectric materials using propagation constant measurements. The material sample is loaded in an X-band (8.5GHz12.5GHz) rectangular waveguide and its two port S-parameters are measured as a function of frequency using a Vector Network Analyzer without TRL Calibration. The results obtained from samples of dielectric materials (Air, Cellular concrete and Wood) on the X-band frequencies show the validity of the proposed technique to determine the complex permittivity of the building dielectric materials on the X-band frequencies.
Design of the Probe Sensor for the TDR Soil Moisture Sensor SystemIJLT EMAS
The probe sensor is of two parallel plates type which is used to determine the moisture content of the soil. The probe sensor is connected to a resistance to time period converter circuit of the TDR soil moisture sensor system whose output time period depends upon the resistance of the soil which in turn depends upon the moisture content of the soil acting as medium between the plates of the probe sensor. The TDR probe sensor is designed and simulated using the Integrated Electro software in order to determine the effects of the parameters like length, thickness and gap between the plates on electric field and energy density. The simulation results are used to predict and determine the geometry of the probe sensor, the materials that should be used in making the plates of the probe sensor and coating the plates of the probe sensor for reducing the effects of the fringing field and noise in the environment.
DETERMINING METAL SURFACE WAVINESS PARAMETERS AND HEIGHT LIQUID SURFACE WAVE ...IAEME Publication
The work is concentrated on an experimental approach to determine surface waviness of metal and height of liquid surface wave. It is based on illuminated those surfaces with a highly coherent light such as laser, and observed movement of center of speckle pattern which were gained from the movement surfaces by using tracking program. The movements of the speckle pattern work on carries important information about those surfaces. Two triangulation methods employed to evaluate metal waviness and liquid surface wave. The first method apply on a solid material (metal) and taking a video directly from the reflected surface, the second method apply on the liquid material (oil ) and taking a video after reflected from screen. The methods used here have a great potential for precise and non-contact optical measurements for surface wave measurements.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
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Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
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Photonic sensing technology is innovative approach to identify and measure physical
variables. Photonic crystal is array of periodic change in refractive index which can engineer
the flow of light passing through it. The slightest change in the arrangement of index of
refraction and corresponding dimension alters the transmission spectrum, which provides the
photonic crystal very sensitive detection capability. Stable alignment, thermal stability, low
cost, low energy requirement, faster response and compatibility with fiber-optic cable makes
photonic sensor for pressure sensing have applications in various field from structural health
monitoring, underwater applications, bio-medical applications to aerospace engineering.
In this paper, we propose a model for photonic crystal based pressure sensor. The model
consists of a waveguide carved in two dielectric slabs surrounded by photonic crystal. The
dielectric slabs are mobile. The photonic crystal is mounted on the object under observation. As
such its pressure can be coupled to the movement of the dielectric slabs in the photonic crystal
and pressure variation can be mapped to the separation of these slabs and thus measured. As a
consequence the optical properties of the photonic crystal like the transmission spectrum
change. The altered transmission spectrum act as a signature of the pressure applied. The
spectral analysis has been done to detect the change in the pressure.
II. THEORY
The photonic crystal is defined as periodic profile of refractive index which allows the
controlled flow of the light through it. The artificial photonic crystal structures can be
fabricated using immensely developed CMOS technology. It appears in one-dimension,
two-dimension and three dimensions. It exists in two configurations: rods in air configuration
and holes in slab configuration. The photonic crystal appears in different lattice structures
example square lattice and hexagonal lattice. In this paper, two works are carried out. One is
using two-dimensional square lattice photonic crystal with rods in air figuration and another is
using two-dimensional hexagonal lattice photonic crystal with holes in slab configuration.
The defect engineering is an important aspect of the photonic crystal which is
responsible for the controlled propagation of light through it. Defect engineering is the
controlled change in the index profile of the photonic crystal to modify course of the
electromagnetic waves passing through it. The line defect and point defect are the two types of
defect popularly used and are very useful for creating band gap structures for different
applications.
The photonic band gap property can be explored for the sensing applications. The band
gap is referred to as an optical insulator. The bandgap property is precisely dependent on the
refractive index arrangement of the photonic crystal. The smallest change in the refractive
index profile example change in radius of holes or change in the dimension of the waveguide,
there is a precise change in the band gap property. Thus the band gap structures are efficient and
highly sensitive sensor devices.
FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) Method: FDTD method provides a solution to
Maxwell's equation. In FDTD method a finite rectangular grid is divided into space and time.
These equations are solved using MEEP simulation tools. MEEP implements FDTD method to
compute transmission spectrum.
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The model of photonic crystal consist waveguide carved with the help of two dielectric
slabs, with the upper plate mobile. As the pressure is applied on the photonic crystal, the
dielectric slab moves and change the dimension of the waveguide. As a result the index profile
of the photonic crystal is altered and thus changing the spectral property. This change in optical
property is directly proportional to the applied pressure.
III. DESIGNS
1. Pressure sensor using rods in air configuration photonic crystal:
The first design of Pressure sensor is a two dimensional, square lattice photonic crystal
with a line defect in rods in air configuration. The model consists of waveguide carved with the
help of two dielectric slabs. The upper dielectric slab is mobile with respect to the pressure
applied.
Following points explain the design parameters of the modeled pressure sensor:
a) Rods in air configuration.
b) Radius of rods 0.17µm.
c) Square Lattice.
d) Lattice constant 'a'=1µm.
e) Dielectric constant of dielectric slab is 11.56.
f) The length of each plate is 10µm and width is 1µm.
g) Dielectric constant of the waveguide is 1 (Air).
h) Height of slab is infinity
i) Light source: Unit Gaussian Pulse with center frequency at 0.4, width of the pulse is
0.3.
j) Minimum distance between dielectric slabs is zero µm and the maximum distance
between dielectric slabs is 2µm
The structure of the design-1 model is illustrated in the Figure 1 with maximum
separation and figure 2 with minimum separation between dielectric slabs.
Figure 1: Model of the pressure sensor (rods in air configuration)
Pressure applied
Light
Source
Spectrum
Analyzer
Mobile
dielectric
slab
Waveguide
Photonic
Crystal
Separation
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Figure 2: Model of the pressure sensor with minimum separation
(rods in air configuration)
2. Pressure sensor using holes in slab configuration photonic crystal
The second design of Pressure sensor is a two dimensional, hexagonal lattice photonic
crystal with a line defect in holes in slab configuration. The model consists of waveguide
carved with the help of two dielectric slabs. The upper dielectric slab is mobile with respect to
the pressure applied.
Following points explain the design parameters of the modeled pressure sensor:
a) Holes in slab configuration.
b) Holes in slab 0.40µm.
c) Hexagonal Lattice.
d) Lattice constant 'a'=1µm.
e) Dielectric constant of dielectric slab is 11.56.
f) The length of each plate is 10µm and width is 1µm.
g) Dielectric constant of the waveguide is 1 (Air).
h) Height of slab is infinity
i) Light source: Unit Gaussian Pulse with center frequency at 0.4, width of the pulse is 0.3.
j) Minimum distance between dielectric slabs is zero µm and the maximum distance
between dielectric slabs is 0.5µm
The structure of the design-2 model is illustrated in the Figure 3 with maximum
separation and figure 4 with minimum separation between dielectric slabs.
Figure 3: Model of the pressure sensor (holes in slab configuration)
Photonic
Crystal
Pressure applied
Mobile
dielectric
slab
Spectrum
Analyzer
Light
Source
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Figure 4: Model of the pressure sensor with minimum separation
(holes in slab configuration)
The modeling and simulation has been done with the help of MEEP simulation tool.
MEEP tool works in time domain and provides implementation of Finite Difference Time
Domain Method. MEEP is MIT Electromagnetic Equation Propagation. MEEP is
'dimensionless' tool where µ0, 0, c are unity. The output of MEEP is the transmitted power; the
transmission spectrum is obtained using output from MEEP.
Operation: The Gaussian light pulse is passed through one end of the photonic crystal while the
spectrum analyzer is placed in the other end. The applied pressure moves the mobile plate
reducing or increasing the distance between two dielectric slabs. The movement of the plate is
considered in 20 steps, each step of 0.1µm for design1 and for design2 we have considered in 5
steps, each step of 0.1µm. The changed dimension of the waveguide alters the light propagation
and thus changing the transmission spectrum. The transmission spectrum is observed at each
step of 0.1µm increase or decrease in distance between the two dielectric slabs.
IV. RESULTS
The transmission spectrum is plotted as shown in figure 5 given below.
Figure 5: The transmission spectrum for zero separation between the dielectric slabs in
design-1
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Figure 6: The transmission spectrum for 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 dimension(µm) of the
waveguide in design-1
Figure 6: The transmission spectrum for 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1 dimension (µm) of the
waveguide in design-1
Figure 7: The transmission spectrum for 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 dimension (µm) of the
waveguide in design-1
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Figure 8: The transmission spectrum for 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2 dimension (µm) of the waveguide
in design-1
.
Figure 9: The transmission spectrum for 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, and 0 dimension (µm) of the
waveguide in design-2
V. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we are successful in modeling and analyzing pressure sensor using photonic
crystal in sub-micron range. The varying spectrum of the waveguide can suitably and
efficiently represent and measure pressure applied on the object. Further, it can be designed and
fabricated to measure expansion or compression or both.
REFERENCES
[1] An article 'Recent advancement in sensor technology for underwater environment' by
Mohd Rizwal Arsad, Indian Journal Of Marine Sciences, Vol. 38(3), September 2009,
pp. 267-273
[2] 'Optical Fiber Sensor for Chemical Detection', US patent number 4834496, May
30,1989
[3] 'Sensor Device', by Mitsuro Sugita, US patent number US7391945, 2008
8. International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering Research and Development
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[4] 'Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal', by Susumu Noda et al. US patent number
US7853111B2, 2010.
[5] http://abinitio.mit.edu/wiki/index.php
/Meep_Introduction/Transmission.2Freflection_spectra
[6] 'Photonic Crystals: Modeling The Flow Of Light', by John D. Joannopoulos, Steven G.
Johnson, Robert D. Meade.
[7] 'A Novel Method for Switching and Tuning of PBG Structures', Jack Wu, S. N. Qiu, C.
X. Qiu,2 and I. Shih, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering McGill
University, 2004.
[8] 'Photonic Crystals: Modeling The Flow Of Light', by John D. Joannopoulos ,Steven G.
Johnson, Robert D. Meade.
[9] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photonic_ crystal # Fabrication_challenges
[10] http://ab-initio.mit.edu/MEEP/Tutorial.
![International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering Research and Development
(IJECERD), ISSN 2248-9525(Print), ISSN- 2248-9533 (Online) Volume 4, Number 2, April-June (2014)
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A DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF OPTICAL PRESSURE SENSOR
BASED ON PHOTONIC CRYSTAL IN SUB-MICRON RANGE
[1]
Rajeshwari S, [2]
Indira Bahaddur, [3]
Dr. Preeta Sharan, [4]
Dr. P C Srikanth
[1]
Department of ECE, Malnad College of Engineering, Hassan, India,
[2]
Department of ECE, Assistant Professor, Malnad College of Engineering, Hassan, India
[3]
Department of ECE, Professor, The Oxford College of Engineering, VTU, Bangalore, India
[4]
Department of ECE, Professor, Malnad College of Engineering, Hassan, India
ABSTRACT
MOEMS based micro-sized pressure sensor can be developed to detect even
sub-micron range dimension change using the photonic crystal. The applied pressure on the
object will change the dimension of the waveguide carved in the photonic crystal. As a result,
this change in spacing can alter the propagation feature of electromagnetic waves that pass
through them that is changing the transmission spectrum. So, this change can directly be
mapped to pressure on the observed object. In this paper, the pressure sensor using photonic
crystal has been modeled and analyzed.
Keywords: FDTD, MOEMS, Micro-optics, Photonic crystal, Photonic sensing technology,
Pressure Sensor
I. INTRODUCTION
Integrated photonics has opened a way to develop sensor systems which can replace the
conventional electronic pressure sensors. The miniaturization, extreme efficiency and high
sensitivity has made photonic sensor most viable solution to the conventional pressure sensor
with limitations like inefficiencies in harsh environment, high cost and low sensitivity.
Opto-mechanical micro sensor technology can be explored to develop pressure sensor. MEMS
merged with Micro-optics involves sensing or manipulating optical signals on a very small size
scale using integrated mechanical, optical, and electrical systems, giving rise to a new class of
MOEMS technology.
IJECERD
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International Journal of Electronics and Communication
Engineering Research and Development
(IJECERD)
ISSN 2248– 9525 (Print)
ISSN 2248 –9533 (Online)
Volume 4, Number 2, April- June (2014), pp. 20-27
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