This document summarizes a research study that explored the relationship between emotional intelligence in teachers and teaching quality/performance. The study surveyed 125 teachers in Delhi and NCR, India. It found that teachers generally had high emotional intelligence, especially in social awareness. It also found significant relationships between emotional intelligence and both teaching experience/gender. Regression analysis showed a positive relationship between teachers' emotional intelligence (especially relationship management) and teaching quality. The study concludes emotional intelligence is important for effective teaching and suggests strategies like small class sizes and emotional intelligence training to enhance teachers' skills.
A Study on Emotional Intelligence of Student Teacher: A Case Study of Loikaw ...Chinun B.
Citation: Toe Oo & Boonroungrut (2017). A Study on Emotional Intelligence of Student Teacher: A Case Study of Loikaw Education College Myanmar. the Journal of Psychology Kasem Bundit University. 7(1). 72-82 Abstract Emotional intelligence affects directly to teacher' performance as one of the indications of successful education evaluating. In this present study, it aims to study the level among student teachers as the leadership in the classroom. All 153 1 st year students, 100 females, from the regional institute in Myanmar, named Loikaw Education College were included in this study. The Goleman's 50-item emotional intelligence questionnaire (EI), translated into Myanmar, has categorized into five subscales indicated leadership domains. The results showed that almost students were in strength group and given attention; no student was recognized in development priority group. Moreover, gender differences affected to total scores of EI (P<.05),><.001)><.001><.05> major and birth order differences do not show significantly different in all subscales.
A Study of Personality and Emotional Intelligence of Hindi and English Medium...ijtsrd
Present study reports the impact of personality traits and emotional intelligence on Hindi and English medium students. The study was conducted on 110 higher secondary school students located in Indore city in Madhya Pradesh.In present system of education in India as well in globe, is putting the future of pupils in a raise where everyone would be searching for a path of success with low efforts. But then we would be in the struggle of dissemination of sweetness and light to develop his personality with an apt balance of emotional intelligence and competence. The students play no active role in the attainment of knowledge. His entire education is becoming passive and mechanical. Things are loaded on his mind which he cannot digest without strong emotional intelligence, he only crams and therefore they never become his own, which at the end puts him in the struggle for his academic achievement.To bring the pupils in the certainty of successful academic achievement it is highly important to develop their personality with emotional intelligence including stress handling instinct. It would not only make them competent but also able to analyze the reasons of failure. Dr. Inderjeet Singh Bhatia "A Study of Personality and Emotional Intelligence of Hindi and English Medium Students" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43616.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comhumanities-and-the-arts/education/43616/a-study-of-personality-and-emotional-intelligence-of-hindi-and-english-medium-students/dr-inderjeet-singh-bhatia
A Snooping on the Factor Structure of Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intellige...ijtsrd
Emotional Intelligence (EI) has emerged as the most influencing concept contributing more vibrantly to ones productivity and success in life than Intelligence Quotient. Its influence on and relevance in various fields like leadership, relationships, individual success is being scientifically researched and asserted. As long as the broader mission of education is to prepare students for positions of responsibility and leadership and make them industry-ready, there is a need for institutions to invest in emotional development of students. Professional courses like medical and engineering are highly stressful. Overwhelming burden may cause huge stress on the students pursuing these courses. Developing right Emotional Intelligence and itscorrect measurement is very essential, hence EI variables have to be studied in depth among the students. This study is at the preliminary stage, the primary goal is to explore the relationship between EI, Coping stress and Academic performance. After making a systematic understanding of models and measures of EI, the authors have chosen Shuttes Emotional Intelligence (SSEIT) scale, as this inventory has been widely used by many researchers on various target respondents especially on the college students. The sample consisted of 1120 engineering college students from engineering colleges of D.K district, Karnataka. The data has been collected using stratified purposive sampling method. This study is an analysis of 33 variables associated with various facet of EI. Utilizing Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) techniques, the researchers examined the relationships among the different variables present in SSEIT. Components were extracted using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and used varimax rotation resulting in nine component solution. Sangita Biswas | Dr. Surekha Invalli"A Snooping on the Factor Structure of Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test among the Engineering Students" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd8268.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/management/research-method/8268/a-snooping-on-the-factor-structure-of-schutte-self-report--emotional-intelligence-test-among-the-engineering-students/sangita-biswas
A Study on Emotional Intelligence of Student Teacher: A Case Study of Loikaw ...Chinun B.
Citation: Toe Oo & Boonroungrut (2017). A Study on Emotional Intelligence of Student Teacher: A Case Study of Loikaw Education College Myanmar. the Journal of Psychology Kasem Bundit University. 7(1). 72-82 Abstract Emotional intelligence affects directly to teacher' performance as one of the indications of successful education evaluating. In this present study, it aims to study the level among student teachers as the leadership in the classroom. All 153 1 st year students, 100 females, from the regional institute in Myanmar, named Loikaw Education College were included in this study. The Goleman's 50-item emotional intelligence questionnaire (EI), translated into Myanmar, has categorized into five subscales indicated leadership domains. The results showed that almost students were in strength group and given attention; no student was recognized in development priority group. Moreover, gender differences affected to total scores of EI (P<.05),><.001)><.001><.05> major and birth order differences do not show significantly different in all subscales.
A Study of Personality and Emotional Intelligence of Hindi and English Medium...ijtsrd
Present study reports the impact of personality traits and emotional intelligence on Hindi and English medium students. The study was conducted on 110 higher secondary school students located in Indore city in Madhya Pradesh.In present system of education in India as well in globe, is putting the future of pupils in a raise where everyone would be searching for a path of success with low efforts. But then we would be in the struggle of dissemination of sweetness and light to develop his personality with an apt balance of emotional intelligence and competence. The students play no active role in the attainment of knowledge. His entire education is becoming passive and mechanical. Things are loaded on his mind which he cannot digest without strong emotional intelligence, he only crams and therefore they never become his own, which at the end puts him in the struggle for his academic achievement.To bring the pupils in the certainty of successful academic achievement it is highly important to develop their personality with emotional intelligence including stress handling instinct. It would not only make them competent but also able to analyze the reasons of failure. Dr. Inderjeet Singh Bhatia "A Study of Personality and Emotional Intelligence of Hindi and English Medium Students" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43616.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comhumanities-and-the-arts/education/43616/a-study-of-personality-and-emotional-intelligence-of-hindi-and-english-medium-students/dr-inderjeet-singh-bhatia
A Snooping on the Factor Structure of Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intellige...ijtsrd
Emotional Intelligence (EI) has emerged as the most influencing concept contributing more vibrantly to ones productivity and success in life than Intelligence Quotient. Its influence on and relevance in various fields like leadership, relationships, individual success is being scientifically researched and asserted. As long as the broader mission of education is to prepare students for positions of responsibility and leadership and make them industry-ready, there is a need for institutions to invest in emotional development of students. Professional courses like medical and engineering are highly stressful. Overwhelming burden may cause huge stress on the students pursuing these courses. Developing right Emotional Intelligence and itscorrect measurement is very essential, hence EI variables have to be studied in depth among the students. This study is at the preliminary stage, the primary goal is to explore the relationship between EI, Coping stress and Academic performance. After making a systematic understanding of models and measures of EI, the authors have chosen Shuttes Emotional Intelligence (SSEIT) scale, as this inventory has been widely used by many researchers on various target respondents especially on the college students. The sample consisted of 1120 engineering college students from engineering colleges of D.K district, Karnataka. The data has been collected using stratified purposive sampling method. This study is an analysis of 33 variables associated with various facet of EI. Utilizing Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) techniques, the researchers examined the relationships among the different variables present in SSEIT. Components were extracted using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and used varimax rotation resulting in nine component solution. Sangita Biswas | Dr. Surekha Invalli"A Snooping on the Factor Structure of Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test among the Engineering Students" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd8268.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/management/research-method/8268/a-snooping-on-the-factor-structure-of-schutte-self-report--emotional-intelligence-test-among-the-engineering-students/sangita-biswas
A presentation that examines the following intelligence theories:
Multiple Intelligences by Gardner
Practical Intelligence by Sternberg
Emotional Intelligence by Goleman
Cultural impact on these theories
Emotional Competence among Students from a Psychological Perspectiveinventionjournals
Emotion is an important aspect for higher learning institutions’ students to prepare for the real world after graduated. This paper addresses the issue of emotional competence as part of student’s emotional intelligence construct. The definition of emotional intelligence versus emotional competence is elaborated. Skills of emotional competence require students to possess personal leadership, interpersonal development and healthy relationship, intrapersonal development and self-management. There are certain consequences of emotional competence such as management of emotions, subjective well-being and resilience. A student emotional competence development model is suggested that comprised of the key emotional competencies, assessment of emotional skills and consequences of emotional competence.
Language Motivation: From the Theoretical to the PracticalMatthew Apple
Invited talk given at the J-LET (Japan Language Education and Technology) Methodology SIG 3rd Research meeting, Kansai University (Umeda Campus), 10 Dec 2016.
Emotional Competence among the Higher Secondary Studentsijtsrd
The present study focuses on the Emotional Competence among the higher secondary students. The investigator used the random sampling technique for this study. The findings of this study are i Female Students have high Emotional Competence when compared to Male students. ii There is no significant difference in mean scores of Emotional Competence with respect to Religion, iii There is no significant difference in mean scores of Emotional Competence with respect to Medium of Instruction, iv Government School Students have high Emotional Competence when compared to Private and Aided School students, v There is no significant difference in mean scores of Emotional Competence with respect to Family type, vi There is no significant difference in mean scores of Emotional Competence with respect to Father’s Occupation, and vii There is no significant difference in mean scores of Emotional Competence with respect to Mother’s Occupation. Dr. R. Muthaiyan "Emotional Competence among the Higher Secondary Students" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50239.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/50239/emotional-competence-among-the-higher-secondary-students/dr-r-muthaiyan
A presentation that examines the following intelligence theories:
Multiple Intelligences by Gardner
Practical Intelligence by Sternberg
Emotional Intelligence by Goleman
Cultural impact on these theories
Emotional Competence among Students from a Psychological Perspectiveinventionjournals
Emotion is an important aspect for higher learning institutions’ students to prepare for the real world after graduated. This paper addresses the issue of emotional competence as part of student’s emotional intelligence construct. The definition of emotional intelligence versus emotional competence is elaborated. Skills of emotional competence require students to possess personal leadership, interpersonal development and healthy relationship, intrapersonal development and self-management. There are certain consequences of emotional competence such as management of emotions, subjective well-being and resilience. A student emotional competence development model is suggested that comprised of the key emotional competencies, assessment of emotional skills and consequences of emotional competence.
Language Motivation: From the Theoretical to the PracticalMatthew Apple
Invited talk given at the J-LET (Japan Language Education and Technology) Methodology SIG 3rd Research meeting, Kansai University (Umeda Campus), 10 Dec 2016.
Emotional Competence among the Higher Secondary Studentsijtsrd
The present study focuses on the Emotional Competence among the higher secondary students. The investigator used the random sampling technique for this study. The findings of this study are i Female Students have high Emotional Competence when compared to Male students. ii There is no significant difference in mean scores of Emotional Competence with respect to Religion, iii There is no significant difference in mean scores of Emotional Competence with respect to Medium of Instruction, iv Government School Students have high Emotional Competence when compared to Private and Aided School students, v There is no significant difference in mean scores of Emotional Competence with respect to Family type, vi There is no significant difference in mean scores of Emotional Competence with respect to Father’s Occupation, and vii There is no significant difference in mean scores of Emotional Competence with respect to Mother’s Occupation. Dr. R. Muthaiyan "Emotional Competence among the Higher Secondary Students" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50239.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/50239/emotional-competence-among-the-higher-secondary-students/dr-r-muthaiyan
Analysis of Emotional Intelligence as a Competition for Effective ProductivityIJAEMSJORNAL
Background. Emotional intelligence is an essential competence that must be evaluated within a personnel selection process. The level of IE influences the results of a company favorably. In this research, the dependence that exists between the effective productivity of the workers in specific of the commercial area and the emotional intelligence was analyzed. Methodology. The studied population was 88 active workers in the area as mentioned earlier; 40% were male and 60% female. Those evaluated were aged 25 to 40 years, with experience in the average sales area of 3 years. To validate the questions that were handled as an instrument, the Pearson correlation was used; Chi-square to calculate the dependence of variables. Results and discussion. As a result, we obtained ten dependent variables with which we can conclude that there is a relationship between the level of emotional intelligence with the effective productivity that collaborates with the commercial area within an organization. Conclusion. Based on the results we conclude that people with a high level of Emotional Self-understanding (AE) can control their emotions to act correctly in each situation.
Emotional Intelligence and Teacher Effectiveness of Secondary School Teachersijtsrd
Emotional intelligence is an ability to monitor personal and others’ emotions before taking some action or showing some behaviour. Teacher effectiveness is a construct that measures how frequently teachers perform certain roles based on some standards. The purpose of this research is to find out the emotional intelligence, and teacher effectiveness of secondary school teachers with reference to gender, marital status, qualification, location of the school and types of institute. Normative survey method was used for the study by the researcher. The sample consisted of 70 participants selected from different secondary schools of Ratlam district through stratified random sampling technique. The instruments of this study were Teacher Effectiveness Scale TES developed by the researcher and The Emotional Intelligence EI inventory by Annaraja and Thomas Perumalil 1980 and redesigned by Thomas Alexander 2004 . The data was collected and analysed by using various statistical methods i.e. mean, standard deviation and t test. The results indicated significant relation between teacher effectiveness and emotional intelligence of secondary school teachers. Hence, there is a need to promote the emotional intelligence of teachers along with their subject knowledge and pedagogical skills for better efficiency in the teaching learning process in secondary education. Gender differences in emotional intelligence and teacher effectiveness were not significant. Dr. Inderjeet Singh Bhatia "Emotional Intelligence and Teacher Effectiveness of Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50606.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/50606/emotional-intelligence-and-teacher-effectiveness-of-secondary-school-teachers/dr-inderjeet-singh-bhatia
A Study on Emotional Quotient Among new Generation Employeesijtsrd
Success in the workplace takes a lot more than education, book knowledge or experience. Organizations and the conscious, achievement-oriented managers need a high rate of Emotional Quotient to be successful. Emotional Quotient is the ability to identify and manage personal emotions and the emotions of others. Emotional Quotient EQ matters just as much as intellectual ability IQ . In the employment field, work pressure, anxiety, employee's stress, agitation, depression or irritability all are related to the various factors of emotional intelligence. All these emotional intelligence symptoms could harm employee's performance. It can direct either a higher or lower level of morale, which will ultimately impact employee's performance in a positive or negative way. The main question of the study is to analyze the emotional intelligence according to new generations in banking and IT Field. Mr. S. Maheshwaran | Dr. K. Soniya | Dr. S. Krishnaraj "A Study on Emotional Quotient Among new Generation Employees" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18900.pdf
Running head: EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE 1
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE 2
Emotional Intelligence - an Art or a Science?
Thomas Griffin
Husson University
Emotional Intelligence - an Art or a Science?
Introduction
Emotional intelligence is an attribute related to emotional information and individual’s emotions; it is not only beneficial to an individual in terms influencing interpersonal relationship, but is also applicable in group settings such as in work environments. Due to its importance, a number of researches have been conducted relating emotional intelligence to leadership and management. Drigas and Papoutsi (2019) describe emotional intelligence-EI as the evaluation, perception, and management of individual’s and others’ emotions. The concept of EI connects cognition, emotion, and metacognitive processes; it is more important in the work places now than it were before due to the high interconnection of the world economy thanks to globalization. That means in work environments, employees with high emotional intelligence are valued than those without because of their ability to cope with a different people from different cultures and lifestyles. In leadership and management positions, EI is attractive because of the many demands and enhanced competition faced today. Summarily, EI creates the needed skills framework and responsible behavior that help people succeed at work. Whereas emotional intelligence is a human attribute, organizations also adopt the concept. Drigas and Papoutsi (2019) note that emotionally intelligent organizations attract talents to their workforce and address challenges effectively; in such organizations the leaders and managers cooperate, influence others and find creative and faster ways of finishing tasks. Notably emotions that are properly managed enhance trust, commitment, and faith. That means the innovations, productivity, and success of organizations, groups, or individuals arise in situations where emotional intelligence is high (Zeider, Matthews, & Roberts, 2004). Due to the importance and applications of emotional intelligence at different levels, the paper explains whether EI is an art or a science.
Issue
As highlighted above, emotional intelligence is associated with success; as such, leaders and managers value EI because of its importance in their various responsibilities. The concept explained in relation to whether EI is an art or a science is linked to its role in leadership and managerial success. Specifically, there are different applications of EI in management and leadership positions; therefore, the focus of the paper is narrowing down the different applications of EI and identifying if such applications make EI an art or a science.
Literature Review
Psychologists first coined the concept of emotional in.
A STUDY ON THE NUMEROUS ELEMENTS OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND LEADERSHIP QUA...IAEME Publication
The purpose of emotional intelligence is felt necessary because it is an unseen
attribute of each and every person which needs to be identified and evaluated as per the
needs of certain task, activity and event, where one is involved. The proposed research
project aims at exploring the concept of emotional intelligence and its impacts on
leadership and teamwork effectiveness. Like other competitive skills and personality
aspects the notion of EI has attracted enormous popularity at academic and
organizational levels. Academic institutions endeavour to develop emotionally
intelligent students in order to prepare them for working effectively in their work
environment. On the other hand different organizations are more inclined towards
recruiting EI employees as trainers, and making investments in hiring EI professional
staff and providing training to their existing workforce in order to achieve competitive
edge in today’s competitive work environment. Despite gaining such an enormous
popularity the subject of EI remained controversial and debates exist among different
scholars and researchers on different aspects of EI.The paper is focusing on the impact
of emotional intelligence and knowledge management on leadership qualities.For this
purpose two researchers have conducted a comprehensive study of the existing
literature on the subject matter that covers; an analysis of the existing models of EI;
review of debates and controversies that exist among the scholars on the subject; and
different strategies through which EI can be developed on academic and organizational
context.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
A STUDY ON THE LEVEL OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN TAMIL NADU NEWSPRINT AND PA...IAEME Publication
Emotional intelligence (EI) is a relatively new idea developing from the increased interest in emotions within the workplace. According to Salovey and Mayer (1990), who were the first to coin the definition of emotional intelligence, Emotions are the most important source of human energy, ambition and drive, activating our most private feelings and aims in life, and turning them from things we think about, to values we live. Emotional intelligence holds within social intelligence and gives a special importance to the effect of emotions on our ability to look at situations without being influenced by personal feelings and therefore understanding ourselves and other people. The main focus for many leaders today is to have employees with high level of job involvement. Every organization needs highly involved employees in order to survive in today’s complex business environment, highly involved employees tend to dedicate their time and effort to the success of the organization, they think of staying with the organization for a long time and never think about quitting
Similar to Emotional intelligence in teachers a tool to transform educational institutes into high performance (1) (20)
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Artificial intelligence (AI) offers new opportunities to radically reinvent the way we do business. This study explores how CEOs and top decision makers around the world are responding to the transformative potential of AI.
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2. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print),
ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 3, June - September (2013)
2
Understanding EI
What exactly is Emotional Intelligence (EI)? Salovey and Mayer (1990) coined the term
"emotional intelligence" and defined it as:
“A form of intelligence that involves the ability to monitor one's own and others' feelings and
emotions, to discriminate among them and to use this information to guide one's thinking and
actions.”
Goleman (1998) said that EI is the ability to identify our self and others’ feelings, to motivate our
self and others and regulate the emotions in our self and in others. He suggested two major emotional
intelligence domains: i) Individual competencies that include two elements: self-awareness and self-
management, and ii) Social competencies that are consisted of: social awareness and relationship
management.
In his book "Working with Emotional Intelligence" Goleman has investigated the influence
of emotional intelligence on working environment and has concluded that a high emotional
intelligence improves the work performance in different jobs and professional entities.
Figure 2: Goleman's (2001) Emotional Intelligence Competencies
SELF Personal Competence OTHER Social Competence
RECOGNITION Self-Awareness
Emotional Self-Awareness
Accurate Self-Assessment Self
Confidence
Social Awareness
Empathy Service Orientation
Organizational Awareness
REGULATION
Self-Management
Self-Control Trustworthiness
Conscientiousness Adaptability
Achievement Drive Initiative
Relationship Management
Developing Others Influence
Communication Conflict Management
Leadership Change Catalyst Building Bonds
Teamwork and Collaboration
Goleman's model thus, exhibits four constructs, self awareness, social awareness, self
management, and social skills which represent Emotional Intelligence (EI)
Why EI in teachers?
Teaching is a demanding profession and sometimes expectations from teaching are very high,
rather unrealistic sometimes, especially in professional colleges and institutes where the college
rankings perpetuate insurmountable pressure. Under such circumstances an Emotionally Intelligent
teacher can not only manage stress with competence but can also maintain high self confidence and
self esteem. In addition, an Emotionally Intelligent teacher has the capability to take apt decisions,
can manage time well, connect with the students, is empathetic to students needs, and has an ethical
approach while dealing with students.
Review of Literature
Goleman (1998) indicated in his research that emotional intelligence has a positive and
significant relation with performance. According to Viswesvaran and Van Rooy (2004) there are still
certain important areas which must be clearly defined before any definitive conclusions regarding the
relationship between the emotional intelligence dimensions and performance are made. Thorndike
(1920), was one of the first to identify the aspect of EI, he called it as social intelligence.
3. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print),
ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 3, June - September (2013)
3
Goleman (1998) indicated that although IQ determines scientific progress and professional
success, its contribution in this regard is less than 20%. He indicated that emotional intelligence is
the most important characteristic to separate superior managers from average managers. Based on
Goleman’s (1998) findings, those individuals with high EI know how to control and direct their own
and others’ emotions and feelings. EI is a set of personal skills and talents to identify understand and
control the feelings (Goleman, 2007). He also asserted that no gender differences in EI exist,
admitting that while men and women may have different profiles of strengths and weaknesses in
different areas of emotional intelligence, their overall levels of EI are equivalent.
Gardner (1993) also argued that there is a wide range of cognitive abilities, people will use
them at the same time, and they tend to complement each other as people develop new skills and
solve problems. He also considered how intelligences develop within a culture, and how they may be
useful in various educational settings.
Gardner (1993) Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences matrix framework
Personal (or Intrapersonal) Social (or Interpersonal)
Awareness of feelings
Recognizing our own
feelings
Recognizing the feelings of others
Behavioural response to feelings
Managing our own feelings
effectively
Action that takes account of the feelings
of others.
Research Methodology
The present study explores four paradigms of EI based on Goleman’s emotional model viz.
self awareness, self management, social awareness and relationship management in professional
college teachers. A sample of 125 teachers of various professional colleges/ institutes was taken in to
consideration. A questionnaire was administered to the sample which consisted of 35 statements. All
statements were rated on a 5-point Likert scale with 1 strongly disagree and 5 strongly agree. The
data was collected and analyzed through SPSS and inferences were drawn.
OBJECTIVES
Based on Goleman's emotional model the objectives of the study are based.
1. To find out the emotional intelligence of the teachers in professional colleges/institutes in
Delhi and NCR.
2. To study the relationship between emotional intelligence and quality of teaching.
3. To understand does gender difference has an effect on emotional intelligence.
4. To know if experience and emotional intelligence are related.
5. To suggest strategies to enhance emotional intelligence in teachers.
HYPOTHESIS
1. Teachers have high level of emotional intelligence.
2. There exists positive relationship between emotional intelligence and quality of teaching.
3. Gender has no significant relationship with emotional intelligence
4. Experience has no significant relationship with emotional intelligence.
4. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print),
ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 3, June - September (2013)
4
Analysis
Table: 1Demographic profile of Employees
Demographic
Parameters
Frequency Percent
Age Group
20-30 years
8 6.4
30-40 years 59 47.2
40-50 years 33 26.4
above 50 years 25 20
Total 125 100
Gender
Male 46 36.8
Female 79 63.2
Total 125 100.0
Experience
Less than 3 years 26 20.8
3 to 10 years 57 45.6
10 to 15 years 29 23.2
Above 15 years 13 10.4
Total 125 100
From Table: 1, it can be observed that 47.2 percent of the respondents were from the age
group 30-40 years and 26.4 percent were in the 40-50 years of age group. Rest 6.4 percent were from
the age group of 20-30 and 20 percent were from the age group of above 50 percent.
Respondents were found to be dominated by females as 63.2 percent of the respondents were
female professional teachers and 36.8 percent were male respondents. Maximum respondents (45.6
percent) were having professional teaching experience between 3-10 years. 23.2 percent of the
respondents were having teaching experience between 10-15 years.
Table: 2 Comparison of Experience with the Four Paradigms of EI
Paradigms of EI Sources of Variation Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F
Between Groups 8.786 3 2.929
Self Awareness Within Groups 83.65 121 0.691 4.24
Total 124
Self Management Between Groups
With In Groups
Total
6.0478
112.89
3
121
124
2.016
0.933 2.16
Social Awareness Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
4.217
74.65
3
121
124
1.41
0.617 2.286
Relationship
Management
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
8.452
67.45
3
121
124
2.817
0.557 5.06
For testing the hypothesis that there is no significant relationship in the four paradigms of
Emotional Intelligence and Experience of the teachers, analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used.
Results show that the calculated value of ‘F0.05’ (4.24) is greater than the tabulated value for the self
awareness, similarly value of F test for Self Management, Social Awareness and Relationship
Management comes out to be 2.16, 2.286 and 5.06 which suggest that hypothesis was rejected. This
clearly indicates that there is a significant relationship between experience and four paradigm of the
emotional intelligence in totality.
5. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print),
ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 3, June - September (2013)
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Table 3: Comparison of Gender with the Four Paradigms of EI
Paradigms of EI Sources of Variation Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F
Between Groups 9.245 3 3.082
Self Awareness Within Groups 115.657 121 0.956 3.224
Total 124
Self Management Between Groups
With In Groups
Total
5.569
98.94
3
121
124
1.856
0.818 2.269
Social Awareness Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
6.451
78.942
3
121
124
2.150
0.652 3.297
Relationship
Management
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
7.245
67.684
3
121
124
2.415
0.559 4.320
For testing the hypothesis that there is no significant relationship in the four paradigm of
Emotional Intelligence and gender of the teachers, analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used.
Results show’s that the calculated value of ‘F0.05’ (3.224) is greater than the tabulated value for the
self awareness, similarly value of F test for Self Management, Social Awareness and Relationship
Management comes out to be 2.269, 3.297 and 4.320 which suggest that hypothesis was rejected.
This clearly indicates that there is a significant relationship between gender and four paradigm of the
emotional intelligence in totality.
Table 4: Descriptive Parameters of paradigms of Emotional Intelligence
Paradigms of EI Mean response Standard Deviation
Self Awareness 4.36 1.785
Self Management 3.736 4.568
Social Awareness 4.752 0.454
Relationship Management 4.4 1.679
Mean score of the four paradigm of the emotional intelligence comes out to be very high for
Social Awareness i.e. 4.752. Similarly value for Self Awareness, Self Management and Relationship
Management also comes out to be significantly high, which indicates towards a high degree of
relationship between paradigm of emotional intelligence and teaching aptitude. This can further be
verified with Regression analysis, where total score of the parameter of self awareness (SAT), Self
Management (SMT), Social Awareness (SOAT) and Relationship Management (RMT) was
compared with the Total score of quality of teaching (TT)
6. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print),
ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 3, June - September (2013)
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Regression Analysis
Table : 5.1 ANOVAb
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 1900.438 4 475.109 57.874 .000a
Residual 985.130 120 8.209
Total 2885.568 124
Table: 5.2 Coefficientsa
Model
Unstandardized Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
T Sig.B Std. Error Beta
1 (Constant) .465 2.636 .176 .860
SAT .497 .235 .196 2.113 .037
SMT .463 .219 .211 2.118 .036
SOAT .321 .243 .000 -.003 .997
RMT .895 .189 .508 5.412 .000
a. Dependent Variable: TT
Result of ANOVA from the table no. 5.1, indicates that the value of F at 5% level of
significance is 55.874, which is a very high score and therefore, we reject our null hypothesis that
there is no relationship between four paradigms of Emotional intelligence and quality of teaching.
From coefficient table no 5.2, we can generate following model to show the relationship i.e. as
follows;
TT = 0.465+0.497 SAT+ 0.463 SMT + 0.321 SOAT+ 0.895 RMT
Where,
TT = Quality of teaching, SOAT = Total score of Social Awareness
SAT = Total score of Self Awareness, RMT = Total score of Relationship Management
SMT = Total score of self Management,
This relationship indicates that increase in the score of all four parameters of emotional
intelligence increases the overall score of quality of teaching where the contribution from
relationship management is more than any other parameter of emotional intelligence. This indicates
that apart from pure teaching skills teachers were working towards relationship management with the
students so that they will able to develop trust with them.
Strategies
Inference can be drawn from the review of literature and analysis that EI is the most
important ingredient for any teacher to be successful and for any professional college/ institute to
succeed; following strategies could be adopted to enhance EI.
Small Batches
It is important that faculties must understand and pick up student’s emotions and feelings so
as to deliver knowledge at its best. If classes are conducted in small batches a connection between
student and a teacher can be established which in turn will prove beneficial in improving the
academic performance of the student. Better relationship is the key to a better communication
channel.
7. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print),
ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 3, Number 3, June - September (2013)
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Training for EI
Dearborn (2002) said in his research that traditional programs generally adopt a "one size fits
all" approach that ignores individual complexities while focusing on cognitive learning. Training
programs like understanding self, discovering self potential, group and team buildings, perfect
communication etc. must be conducted on regular basis to sharpen and enhance EI. These programs
need to be customized to achieve their overall objectives.
CONCLUSION
Since 1990, Emotional Intelligence has garnered considerable attention from the academic
community to deliver better academic transfer in professional colleges. EI is one of the most
important skill a teacher should possess to be successful in their domain. Our study thus, clearly puts
forth the importance of EI and relationship management skills in the overall improvement of the
quality of teaching and learning process. We, therefore, conclude that Emotional Intelligence (EI)
skill is an important characteristic for effective teaching. In the 21st
century to achieve the high goals
and expectations of education in the intentional inclusion, development of emotional intelligence
skills in teacher is a must for student guidance and overall development. Hope of a nation lies in the
education system and an emotionally intelligent teacher has the ability to be a pillar of the system.
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