The mangrove soils as one of the global soil types is a major carbon store that helps to curb the rising global temperatures. This is not unconnected to their high carbon storing and sequestration potentials of the peat soils. The conclusion is characterized by some knowledge gaps on the actual carbon stock and sequestration potentials of some mangroves soils on the Central African Sub regional landscape. Some of these areas are the Bakassi mangroves in the South West Cameroon. Cross border conflicts, piracy and over exploitation have rendered the sourcing of appropriate data on its carbon stock and sequestration potentials difficult. In strive to bridge this knowledge gap, this work carried out baseline assessments of the carbon stock and sequestration rate of this peat soil. To achieve the study objectives, stratified random opportunistic sampling using an inventory design based on five forest canopy height classes, with collection of peat soils using a soil auger to different depth for laboratory analysis was done. Soils Organic Carbon stocks were estimated from soils to a depth of 100cm and determined using chromic acid digestion and spectrophotometric analysis. Parameters determined were bulk density and percentage carbon. Results showed that soil carbon stock density ranged from 705.8 Mg ha to 546.2 Mg ha . Thus on average, for a hectare in Bakassi, the Soil Organic carbon stock was 632.65 Mg ha Kamah Pascal Bumtu | Nkwatoh Athanasius Fuashi | Longonje Simon Ngomba "A Baseline Assessment of Soil Organic Carbon in the Mangroves of the Bakassi Peninsula South-West Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30515.doc Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/environmental-science/30515/a-baseline-assessment-of-soil-organic-carbon-in-the-mangroves-of-the-bakassi-peninsula-southwest-cameroon/kamah-pascal-bumtu
Health risks of heavy metals in selected food crops cultivatedAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that assessed heavy metal levels in soils and two commonly consumed food crops (cassava and plantain) in small-scale gold mining communities in Ghana. Soil samples contained heavy metals within permissible limits, though pollution load indices revealed significant metal loading. Heavy metal levels were higher in the food crops than soils. Lead, cadmium, zinc and copper levels in plantain, and lead, cadmium and zinc levels in cassava exceeded international safety standards. Analysis showed local inhabitants were at risk of long-term health effects from dietary exposure to these heavy metals.
ABSTRACT- Composite soil samples were collected from the rhizospheres of Gmelina arborea, Elaeis guineensis and Hevea brasiliensis plantations as well as the Rain Forest of over 20 years of age in Akampa L.G.A. at depths of 0-15 cm (surface soil) and 15-30 cm (sub surface soil), to examine the effects of land use and management practices on some physical, chemical and microbial properties of the soils. The soils were mainly sandy loam, strongly acid in reaction and generally low in available P, exchangeable Ca2+, K+ and Na+, but moderate in Mg2+ except for the surface soil in Elaeis guineensis plantation which was however, high in organic C (4.29 %), total N (0.37 %) and Mg (3.9 cmol kg-1). The soils regardless of the land use patterns were high in exchangeable acidity with Elaeis guineensis having the least values. Diverse species of microorganisms were isolated across the different plantations and rain forest, however, Elaeis guineensis recorded the highest microbial count. Land use altered the microbial population and also had an effect on the species composition of soil microbial communities. Bacillus spp, Pseudomonas spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp and Mucor spp as well as Aspergillus niger were however, common across the study sites while other organisms were location specific suggesting vegetation and land use meddling. The effects of land use pattern were noted in the chemical and microbial alteration observed mostly in the top of rhizosphere soils. It is pertinent that good management practices such as liming, mulching as well as cover cropping be carried out to increase and maintain the fertility of the soils.
Key-words- Land use, Physicochemical and Microbial properties, Rain Forest, Rhizosphere
Assessing the potential of soil organic carbon sequestration in African soilsExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 2 Parallel session on Theme 2, Maintaining and/or increasing SOC stocks for climate change mitigation and adaptation and Land Degradation Neutrality, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Ms. Tantely Razafimbelo, from University of Antananarivo and CASA - Madagascar, in FAO Hq, Rome
Marine Fertilization and Carbon SequestrationIslam Md Jakiul
This case study examines the effects of bottom trawling on deep ocean floors. It finds that bottom trawling directly impacts fish populations and seabed communities by modifying physical properties of sediments, chemical exchanges, and sediment fluxes. Through repeated trawling, the morphology of continental slopes is gradually altered as the seafloor becomes smoother over time. Trawling also reduces habitat heterogeneity and complexity, potentially affecting biodiversity. Large sediment volumes can be redistributed downslope through trawling activities, comparable to effects of forest clear-cutting on land. Tight regulations are needed to minimize impacts of deep sea mining and protect unique hydrothermal vent ecosystems and their biodiversity. Natural iron fertilization can also effectively sequester carbon in
Environmental degradation & conservation approach towards threatened biodiver...sornali
This presentation is mainly based on the key factors causing environmental degradation in saint martin's island Bangladesh as well as focuses on the challenges towards conservative approaches.
i have done several literature review to fullfil this task
Managing mangroves and sustainable aquacultureCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Virni Budi Arifanti of the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry at the 3rd Asia-Pacific Rainforest Summit, on 23–25 April 2018 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Soil Organic Carbon: A Key Factor of Sustainable Agriculture in IranExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 3 Parallel session on Theme 3.3, Managing SOC in: Dryland soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Fahrad Moshiri, from Agricultural Research, Education, and Extensio Organization – Iran, in FAO Hq, Rome
Policy and Implementation of Mangrove Strategic Management PlanCIFOR-ICRAF
This document summarizes Indonesia's policy and plans for mangrove strategic management. It discusses blue carbon storage in mangroves, tidal marshes, and seagrasses. Indonesia has the second largest mangrove area in the world at 3.49 million hectares, but 1.82 million hectares are degraded. The government aims to rehabilitate 60,000 hectares per year until 2045 to recover 1.82 million hectares. Key policies and frameworks guiding mangrove management include a 2012 national strategy and a 2017 policy on indicators. The document outlines achievements and targets rehabilitation mapping, working groups, and strategies like silvofishery to promote sustainable management.
Health risks of heavy metals in selected food crops cultivatedAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that assessed heavy metal levels in soils and two commonly consumed food crops (cassava and plantain) in small-scale gold mining communities in Ghana. Soil samples contained heavy metals within permissible limits, though pollution load indices revealed significant metal loading. Heavy metal levels were higher in the food crops than soils. Lead, cadmium, zinc and copper levels in plantain, and lead, cadmium and zinc levels in cassava exceeded international safety standards. Analysis showed local inhabitants were at risk of long-term health effects from dietary exposure to these heavy metals.
ABSTRACT- Composite soil samples were collected from the rhizospheres of Gmelina arborea, Elaeis guineensis and Hevea brasiliensis plantations as well as the Rain Forest of over 20 years of age in Akampa L.G.A. at depths of 0-15 cm (surface soil) and 15-30 cm (sub surface soil), to examine the effects of land use and management practices on some physical, chemical and microbial properties of the soils. The soils were mainly sandy loam, strongly acid in reaction and generally low in available P, exchangeable Ca2+, K+ and Na+, but moderate in Mg2+ except for the surface soil in Elaeis guineensis plantation which was however, high in organic C (4.29 %), total N (0.37 %) and Mg (3.9 cmol kg-1). The soils regardless of the land use patterns were high in exchangeable acidity with Elaeis guineensis having the least values. Diverse species of microorganisms were isolated across the different plantations and rain forest, however, Elaeis guineensis recorded the highest microbial count. Land use altered the microbial population and also had an effect on the species composition of soil microbial communities. Bacillus spp, Pseudomonas spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp and Mucor spp as well as Aspergillus niger were however, common across the study sites while other organisms were location specific suggesting vegetation and land use meddling. The effects of land use pattern were noted in the chemical and microbial alteration observed mostly in the top of rhizosphere soils. It is pertinent that good management practices such as liming, mulching as well as cover cropping be carried out to increase and maintain the fertility of the soils.
Key-words- Land use, Physicochemical and Microbial properties, Rain Forest, Rhizosphere
Assessing the potential of soil organic carbon sequestration in African soilsExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 2 Parallel session on Theme 2, Maintaining and/or increasing SOC stocks for climate change mitigation and adaptation and Land Degradation Neutrality, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Ms. Tantely Razafimbelo, from University of Antananarivo and CASA - Madagascar, in FAO Hq, Rome
Marine Fertilization and Carbon SequestrationIslam Md Jakiul
This case study examines the effects of bottom trawling on deep ocean floors. It finds that bottom trawling directly impacts fish populations and seabed communities by modifying physical properties of sediments, chemical exchanges, and sediment fluxes. Through repeated trawling, the morphology of continental slopes is gradually altered as the seafloor becomes smoother over time. Trawling also reduces habitat heterogeneity and complexity, potentially affecting biodiversity. Large sediment volumes can be redistributed downslope through trawling activities, comparable to effects of forest clear-cutting on land. Tight regulations are needed to minimize impacts of deep sea mining and protect unique hydrothermal vent ecosystems and their biodiversity. Natural iron fertilization can also effectively sequester carbon in
Environmental degradation & conservation approach towards threatened biodiver...sornali
This presentation is mainly based on the key factors causing environmental degradation in saint martin's island Bangladesh as well as focuses on the challenges towards conservative approaches.
i have done several literature review to fullfil this task
Managing mangroves and sustainable aquacultureCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Virni Budi Arifanti of the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry at the 3rd Asia-Pacific Rainforest Summit, on 23–25 April 2018 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Soil Organic Carbon: A Key Factor of Sustainable Agriculture in IranExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 3 Parallel session on Theme 3.3, Managing SOC in: Dryland soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Fahrad Moshiri, from Agricultural Research, Education, and Extensio Organization – Iran, in FAO Hq, Rome
Policy and Implementation of Mangrove Strategic Management PlanCIFOR-ICRAF
This document summarizes Indonesia's policy and plans for mangrove strategic management. It discusses blue carbon storage in mangroves, tidal marshes, and seagrasses. Indonesia has the second largest mangrove area in the world at 3.49 million hectares, but 1.82 million hectares are degraded. The government aims to rehabilitate 60,000 hectares per year until 2045 to recover 1.82 million hectares. Key policies and frameworks guiding mangrove management include a 2012 national strategy and a 2017 policy on indicators. The document outlines achievements and targets rehabilitation mapping, working groups, and strategies like silvofishery to promote sustainable management.
Indonesian mangroves the best hope for global climate change mitigationCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation, delivered by Daniel Murdiyarso and Sigit D. Sasmito, outlines the Sustainable Wetlands Adaptation and Mitigation Program.
As well as highlighting the global importance of wetlands, the presentation also details the particular significance of wetlands in Indonesia.
Quantifying Global Soil Carbon Losses in Response to WarmingExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the Plenary 1, GSOC17 – Setting the scientific scene for GSOC17 of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Thomas Crowther from Netherlands Institute of Ecology , in FAO Hq, Rome
This presentation was presented during the Plenary 1, Opening Ceremony of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Luca Montanarella from EU Commission’s Joint Research Centre, in FAO Hq, Rome
Natural resources include living resources like forests and animals, and non-living resources like soil, land and water. They can be classified as renewable like forests, or non-renewable like minerals. Forests provide timber, fuel, habitat, regulate climate and water cycles. Deforestation due to shifting cultivation, grazing, agriculture and industry damages the environment by causing soil erosion, reducing biodiversity, and disrupting nutrient cycles. Water is essential for life and circulates through the hydrological cycle of evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and infiltration into groundwater aquifers or surface water bodies like rivers and lakes that are important for agriculture, industry, and domestic use.
Blue carbon in the Pacific: Background and opportunitiesCIFOR-ICRAF
Blue carbon ecosystems like mangroves and seagrasses exist across the Pacific region and store significant amounts of carbon. Past projects have mapped and assessed these ecosystems, trained local communities, and engaged in rehabilitation efforts. Future proposed work includes developing a Pacific Blue Carbon Partnership to further map, measure, and monitor blue carbon stocks in Melanesia; conduct carbon audits and valuation; support policy development; and help build resilience of communities dependent on these ecosystems. The partnership aims to strengthen countries' ability to protect blue carbon and report on climate commitments.
2011 nutrient enrichment caused by marine cageearambulm3
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the influence of marine cage aquaculture on coral reef communities in turbid waters near Penghu Islands, Taiwan. The study found that levels of ammonium, nitrite, and chlorophyll a released from fish cages distinguished the area closest to the cages (Impact Zone 1) from areas further away (Impact Zone 2 and the reference zone). Coral communities closest to the cages were dominated by stress-tolerant coral species while areas further away supported more diverse coral morphologies. The results suggest that nutrient enrichment from the fish cages is deteriorating suitable habitat for coral reef organisms at the study site.
Investigation of Soil Status in Degraded Soils from Tantalum Mining in Gatumb...Premier Publishers
Different soil properties from Gatumba Mining Area were assessed to characterize them and contribute in setting up practices for soil restoration. The present study was conducted to assess the soil status in degraded soils from tantalum mining in Gatumba. Nine soil profiles which were prepared in 2009 during dry season were sharpened and soils from all visible horizons were sampled. Soil analysis was performed in the soil laboratory at National University of Rwanda. Results showed that the active soil pH was lower in technosol developed on schist (4.8) and higher in technosol composed by pegmatite dump (5.61) and ranged from slightly acid (5.61) to acidic (4.73). Acid saturation was lower in strongly disturbed fluvisol (3.4%) and higher in technosol composed by pegmatite (10.78%) while base saturation was lower in cambic-fluvisol (37.5%) and higher in technosol composed by pegmatite (89.3%). However, a significant difference (p=0.012) only observed in base saturation between soil profiles. In general, soils affected by mining had low base saturation and higher acid saturation than unaffected. Therefore, recommendation of more soluble amendment such as lime and dolomite would improve the soil pH and provide macronutrients like Ca2+ and Mg2+.
Adaptive mechanisms of rural fishermen towards climate change on quantity of ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the adaptive mechanisms of rural fishermen towards climate change in Asari-Toru Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. The study found that fishermen employed building sea walls, diversifying to off-farm activities, and restoring mangroves to adapt to climate impacts like flooding, sea level rise, and changes in fish populations. Using an analysis of costs and revenues, the study determined that these adaptation mechanisms improved fishermen's productivity and profitability, with a net profit of N500,455.1 reported. However, the major problem identified was the high cost of fishing materials.
Erodibility of slash and-burn soils along a toposequence in relation to four ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the erodibility of soils after slash-and-burn agriculture in southeastern Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from plots along a hillslope before and after burning to analyze changes in properties. Results showed burning increased bulk density and decreased porosity by disrupting soil structure. Burning also increased pH and nutrients but decreased organic carbon. Erodibility increased by 14-20% after burning across landscape positions. Soil pH had the strongest correlation with erodibility. However, the specific amounts of ash added from burning were unknown.
The document discusses nutrient cycling in ecosystems. It notes that internal cycling within ecosystems is most important, with nutrients cycling between organic and inorganic forms through biological and chemical processes. While some nutrients are lost via leaching, erosion, and other pathways, the majority are recycled internally. The cycling of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is highlighted for a forest ecosystem, with the majority recycled rather than derived from external sources like weathering or deposition. Nutrient budgets and forms available to plants are also discussed.
Protection of soil from the loss of organic carbon by taking into account ero...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 3.3, Managing SOC in: Dryland soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Sergio Saia, from CREA – Italy, in FAO Hq, Rome
Challenges of soil organic carbon sequestration in drylandsExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 3.3, Managing SOC in: Dryland soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Rachid Mrabet , from INRA – Morocco, in FAO Hq, Rome
This study measured the organic carbon stock in sediments within four species of seagrass beds in Gazi Bay, Kenya. Sediment cores were taken from vegetated and unvegetated sites within each seagrass species and analyzed for organic matter content at different depths. The results showed significantly higher organic matter content in vegetated versus unvegetated sediments for all species. Sediment organic carbon also varied significantly between species. The study demonstrates the important role of seagrasses in climate change mitigation through carbon storage and sequestration.
This document discusses ecosystem approach planning to build adaptive local coastal communities that are resilient to climate change effects. It focuses on a case study in Aurora Province, Philippines, which has extensive coastal ecosystems and fisheries that are important for livelihoods. The ecosystem approach considers all species and uses participatory decision making. Assessments show overfishing is depleting resources in the province. Climate change is exacerbating risks like sea level rise, more intense storms, and changing seasons. Strategic actions proposed include coastal zoning, habitat protection and restoration, sustainable fisheries management through enforcement and regulations, and post-harvest support. Local governments are well-positioned to address causes and effects of climate change through policies, social capital, and inter
Status of Mangrove in South East Asia: The issues and opportunities for rehab...Wetlands International
Mangroves in Southeast Asia face issues from loss of habitat but also opportunities for rehabilitation. While mangroves provide important ecosystem services like coastal protection, many have been cleared for other land uses. Successful rehabilitation requires the right techniques for the conditions, and not all degraded areas can be easily restored. However, rehabilitation efforts through research on new methods, raising awareness of mangrove values, and enhancing coastal protection policies could help address the issues and realize opportunities to restore mangrove cover in the region.
climate change impact and mitigation measures in Aquatic EcosystemB. BHASKAR
The document discusses the impacts of climate change on aquatic ecosystems and fisheries. Some of the key impacts discussed include:
1) Increasing water temperatures stress aquatic organisms and can cause them to migrate to cooler areas, reducing catch potential. Temperature rise also damages coral reefs.
2) Changing precipitation patterns and more extreme weather events can negatively impact nutrient levels, primary productivity, wetlands and mangroves that fisheries depend on.
3) Ocean acidification makes it difficult for marine organisms like shellfish and corals to form shells, damaging the food web. Rising seas also threaten coastal communities and infrastructure.
A2 CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY: HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS - SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT IN HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS. It contain the case study about Bioengineering in Malaysia.
Structure, Biomass Carbon Stock and Sequestration Rate of Mangroves in the Ba...ijtsrd
The forest plays a major role in stabilizing increasing temperatures due to its climate mitigation capacity. This is not unconnected to the carbon storing and sequestration potentials of forests. The mangrove as one of the global forest types is said to be a major carbon store. This conclusion is characterized by some knowledge gaps on the actual carbon stock and sequestration potentials of some mangroves forest on the Central African Sub regional landscape. Some of these areas are the Bakassi mangroves in the South West Cameroon. Cross border conflicts, piracy and over exploitation have rendered the sourcing of appropriate data on its carbon stock and sequestration potentials difficult. In strive to bridge this knowledge gap, this work carried out a baseline assessment of the carbon stock and sequestration rate of the area. To achieve the study objectives, stratified random opportunistic sampling inventory design based on five forest canopy height classes, tree Diameter at Breast Height DBH and canopy nature using digital elevation model DEM of the shuttle Radar Topographic Mission SRTM . This combination evaluated the species type and forest structure around the areas. Carbon stocks were estimated with the use of allometric equations using biomass data collected within main plots, sub plots, micro plots and transects. Results showed that mean biomass carbon stock density for the height classes for Bakassi ranged from 33.5 Mg ha to 598.9Mg ha. Thus on average, for a hectare in Bakassi, the carbon stock is 880.437 Mg ha and a sequestration rate of 3231.204 tCO2e ha . Kamah Pascal Bumtu | Nkwatoh Athanasius Fuashi | Longonje Simon Ngomba ""Structure, Biomass Carbon Stock and Sequestration Rate of Mangroves in the Bakassi Peninsula, S-W Cameroon"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30171.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/environmental-science/30171/structure-biomass-carbon-stock-and-sequestration-rate-of-mangroves-in-the-bakassi-peninsula-s-w-cameroon/kamah-pascal-bumtu
Diversity and abundance of Macrobenthos in a subtropical estuary, BangladeshAbdullaAlAsif1
Soft bottom macrobenthos are important component of the marine and coastal trophic chain. There has been sparse information regarding the distribution of soft bottom macrobenthos form the coastal water of Bangladesh. Consequently, the present study was an effort to reveal the diversity and abundance of macrobenthos in the Feni Estuary in a seasonal pattern together with the hydrological factors. A total of 17 taxa families of soft-bottom invertebrates were found over the two sampling seasons. The current study yielded a total number of 34,726 ind./m 2 (mean 2480ind./m 2) including 18,909ind./m 2 in wet season (mean 2682ind./m 2) and 15,817 ind./m 2 in dry season (2259ind./m 2). The highest density of soft-bottom invertebrates was in the wet season while the lowest number in the dry season. A total of 5 groups of macrobenthos were found over the two sampling seasons. The dominant group was Polychaeta that contributed 43.60% of the total soft-bottom invertebrates. The values of biodiversity indices were higher in dry season compare to the wet season in most of the sampling station during the study period.
Indonesian mangroves the best hope for global climate change mitigationCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation, delivered by Daniel Murdiyarso and Sigit D. Sasmito, outlines the Sustainable Wetlands Adaptation and Mitigation Program.
As well as highlighting the global importance of wetlands, the presentation also details the particular significance of wetlands in Indonesia.
Quantifying Global Soil Carbon Losses in Response to WarmingExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the Plenary 1, GSOC17 – Setting the scientific scene for GSOC17 of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Thomas Crowther from Netherlands Institute of Ecology , in FAO Hq, Rome
This presentation was presented during the Plenary 1, Opening Ceremony of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Luca Montanarella from EU Commission’s Joint Research Centre, in FAO Hq, Rome
Natural resources include living resources like forests and animals, and non-living resources like soil, land and water. They can be classified as renewable like forests, or non-renewable like minerals. Forests provide timber, fuel, habitat, regulate climate and water cycles. Deforestation due to shifting cultivation, grazing, agriculture and industry damages the environment by causing soil erosion, reducing biodiversity, and disrupting nutrient cycles. Water is essential for life and circulates through the hydrological cycle of evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and infiltration into groundwater aquifers or surface water bodies like rivers and lakes that are important for agriculture, industry, and domestic use.
Blue carbon in the Pacific: Background and opportunitiesCIFOR-ICRAF
Blue carbon ecosystems like mangroves and seagrasses exist across the Pacific region and store significant amounts of carbon. Past projects have mapped and assessed these ecosystems, trained local communities, and engaged in rehabilitation efforts. Future proposed work includes developing a Pacific Blue Carbon Partnership to further map, measure, and monitor blue carbon stocks in Melanesia; conduct carbon audits and valuation; support policy development; and help build resilience of communities dependent on these ecosystems. The partnership aims to strengthen countries' ability to protect blue carbon and report on climate commitments.
2011 nutrient enrichment caused by marine cageearambulm3
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the influence of marine cage aquaculture on coral reef communities in turbid waters near Penghu Islands, Taiwan. The study found that levels of ammonium, nitrite, and chlorophyll a released from fish cages distinguished the area closest to the cages (Impact Zone 1) from areas further away (Impact Zone 2 and the reference zone). Coral communities closest to the cages were dominated by stress-tolerant coral species while areas further away supported more diverse coral morphologies. The results suggest that nutrient enrichment from the fish cages is deteriorating suitable habitat for coral reef organisms at the study site.
Investigation of Soil Status in Degraded Soils from Tantalum Mining in Gatumb...Premier Publishers
Different soil properties from Gatumba Mining Area were assessed to characterize them and contribute in setting up practices for soil restoration. The present study was conducted to assess the soil status in degraded soils from tantalum mining in Gatumba. Nine soil profiles which were prepared in 2009 during dry season were sharpened and soils from all visible horizons were sampled. Soil analysis was performed in the soil laboratory at National University of Rwanda. Results showed that the active soil pH was lower in technosol developed on schist (4.8) and higher in technosol composed by pegmatite dump (5.61) and ranged from slightly acid (5.61) to acidic (4.73). Acid saturation was lower in strongly disturbed fluvisol (3.4%) and higher in technosol composed by pegmatite (10.78%) while base saturation was lower in cambic-fluvisol (37.5%) and higher in technosol composed by pegmatite (89.3%). However, a significant difference (p=0.012) only observed in base saturation between soil profiles. In general, soils affected by mining had low base saturation and higher acid saturation than unaffected. Therefore, recommendation of more soluble amendment such as lime and dolomite would improve the soil pH and provide macronutrients like Ca2+ and Mg2+.
Adaptive mechanisms of rural fishermen towards climate change on quantity of ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the adaptive mechanisms of rural fishermen towards climate change in Asari-Toru Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. The study found that fishermen employed building sea walls, diversifying to off-farm activities, and restoring mangroves to adapt to climate impacts like flooding, sea level rise, and changes in fish populations. Using an analysis of costs and revenues, the study determined that these adaptation mechanisms improved fishermen's productivity and profitability, with a net profit of N500,455.1 reported. However, the major problem identified was the high cost of fishing materials.
Erodibility of slash and-burn soils along a toposequence in relation to four ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the erodibility of soils after slash-and-burn agriculture in southeastern Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from plots along a hillslope before and after burning to analyze changes in properties. Results showed burning increased bulk density and decreased porosity by disrupting soil structure. Burning also increased pH and nutrients but decreased organic carbon. Erodibility increased by 14-20% after burning across landscape positions. Soil pH had the strongest correlation with erodibility. However, the specific amounts of ash added from burning were unknown.
The document discusses nutrient cycling in ecosystems. It notes that internal cycling within ecosystems is most important, with nutrients cycling between organic and inorganic forms through biological and chemical processes. While some nutrients are lost via leaching, erosion, and other pathways, the majority are recycled internally. The cycling of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is highlighted for a forest ecosystem, with the majority recycled rather than derived from external sources like weathering or deposition. Nutrient budgets and forms available to plants are also discussed.
Protection of soil from the loss of organic carbon by taking into account ero...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 3.3, Managing SOC in: Dryland soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Sergio Saia, from CREA – Italy, in FAO Hq, Rome
Challenges of soil organic carbon sequestration in drylandsExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 3.3, Managing SOC in: Dryland soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Rachid Mrabet , from INRA – Morocco, in FAO Hq, Rome
This study measured the organic carbon stock in sediments within four species of seagrass beds in Gazi Bay, Kenya. Sediment cores were taken from vegetated and unvegetated sites within each seagrass species and analyzed for organic matter content at different depths. The results showed significantly higher organic matter content in vegetated versus unvegetated sediments for all species. Sediment organic carbon also varied significantly between species. The study demonstrates the important role of seagrasses in climate change mitigation through carbon storage and sequestration.
This document discusses ecosystem approach planning to build adaptive local coastal communities that are resilient to climate change effects. It focuses on a case study in Aurora Province, Philippines, which has extensive coastal ecosystems and fisheries that are important for livelihoods. The ecosystem approach considers all species and uses participatory decision making. Assessments show overfishing is depleting resources in the province. Climate change is exacerbating risks like sea level rise, more intense storms, and changing seasons. Strategic actions proposed include coastal zoning, habitat protection and restoration, sustainable fisheries management through enforcement and regulations, and post-harvest support. Local governments are well-positioned to address causes and effects of climate change through policies, social capital, and inter
Status of Mangrove in South East Asia: The issues and opportunities for rehab...Wetlands International
Mangroves in Southeast Asia face issues from loss of habitat but also opportunities for rehabilitation. While mangroves provide important ecosystem services like coastal protection, many have been cleared for other land uses. Successful rehabilitation requires the right techniques for the conditions, and not all degraded areas can be easily restored. However, rehabilitation efforts through research on new methods, raising awareness of mangrove values, and enhancing coastal protection policies could help address the issues and realize opportunities to restore mangrove cover in the region.
climate change impact and mitigation measures in Aquatic EcosystemB. BHASKAR
The document discusses the impacts of climate change on aquatic ecosystems and fisheries. Some of the key impacts discussed include:
1) Increasing water temperatures stress aquatic organisms and can cause them to migrate to cooler areas, reducing catch potential. Temperature rise also damages coral reefs.
2) Changing precipitation patterns and more extreme weather events can negatively impact nutrient levels, primary productivity, wetlands and mangroves that fisheries depend on.
3) Ocean acidification makes it difficult for marine organisms like shellfish and corals to form shells, damaging the food web. Rising seas also threaten coastal communities and infrastructure.
A2 CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY: HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS - SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT IN HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS. It contain the case study about Bioengineering in Malaysia.
Structure, Biomass Carbon Stock and Sequestration Rate of Mangroves in the Ba...ijtsrd
The forest plays a major role in stabilizing increasing temperatures due to its climate mitigation capacity. This is not unconnected to the carbon storing and sequestration potentials of forests. The mangrove as one of the global forest types is said to be a major carbon store. This conclusion is characterized by some knowledge gaps on the actual carbon stock and sequestration potentials of some mangroves forest on the Central African Sub regional landscape. Some of these areas are the Bakassi mangroves in the South West Cameroon. Cross border conflicts, piracy and over exploitation have rendered the sourcing of appropriate data on its carbon stock and sequestration potentials difficult. In strive to bridge this knowledge gap, this work carried out a baseline assessment of the carbon stock and sequestration rate of the area. To achieve the study objectives, stratified random opportunistic sampling inventory design based on five forest canopy height classes, tree Diameter at Breast Height DBH and canopy nature using digital elevation model DEM of the shuttle Radar Topographic Mission SRTM . This combination evaluated the species type and forest structure around the areas. Carbon stocks were estimated with the use of allometric equations using biomass data collected within main plots, sub plots, micro plots and transects. Results showed that mean biomass carbon stock density for the height classes for Bakassi ranged from 33.5 Mg ha to 598.9Mg ha. Thus on average, for a hectare in Bakassi, the carbon stock is 880.437 Mg ha and a sequestration rate of 3231.204 tCO2e ha . Kamah Pascal Bumtu | Nkwatoh Athanasius Fuashi | Longonje Simon Ngomba ""Structure, Biomass Carbon Stock and Sequestration Rate of Mangroves in the Bakassi Peninsula, S-W Cameroon"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30171.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/environmental-science/30171/structure-biomass-carbon-stock-and-sequestration-rate-of-mangroves-in-the-bakassi-peninsula-s-w-cameroon/kamah-pascal-bumtu
Diversity and abundance of Macrobenthos in a subtropical estuary, BangladeshAbdullaAlAsif1
Soft bottom macrobenthos are important component of the marine and coastal trophic chain. There has been sparse information regarding the distribution of soft bottom macrobenthos form the coastal water of Bangladesh. Consequently, the present study was an effort to reveal the diversity and abundance of macrobenthos in the Feni Estuary in a seasonal pattern together with the hydrological factors. A total of 17 taxa families of soft-bottom invertebrates were found over the two sampling seasons. The current study yielded a total number of 34,726 ind./m 2 (mean 2480ind./m 2) including 18,909ind./m 2 in wet season (mean 2682ind./m 2) and 15,817 ind./m 2 in dry season (2259ind./m 2). The highest density of soft-bottom invertebrates was in the wet season while the lowest number in the dry season. A total of 5 groups of macrobenthos were found over the two sampling seasons. The dominant group was Polychaeta that contributed 43.60% of the total soft-bottom invertebrates. The values of biodiversity indices were higher in dry season compare to the wet season in most of the sampling station during the study period.
PhD research presentation at the workshop of the Climate Food and Farming Network, Dec. 2-4 at Aarhus University, Foulum. The Climate Food and Farming Network is an initiative of Copenhagen U., Aarhus U., and the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security.
Analysis of leachates from solid waste dumpsites a tool for predicting the qu...Alexander Decker
This document analyzes leachates and soils from five solid waste dumpsites in Accra, Ghana. Heavy metals (cadmium, lead, zinc, manganese, copper) and pathogens (coliform bacteria, helminth eggs) were found in higher levels in the wet season compared to the dry season. The high levels of heavy metals and pathogens indicate that waste from these dumpsites would require sorting to remove contaminants before use in composting. Proper composting temperatures and curing periods would also be needed to eliminate pathogens from any compost produced from these waste sources. The quality of compost produced would depend on the waste composition and levels of pollutants.
This document analyzes soil samples from 12 stations across the Indian Sundarbans for organic carbon content, bulk density, and organic carbon density over different seasons and soil depths. Higher organic carbon density is found in stations of the western Sundarbans, which is closer to urban areas with more anthropogenic activities. The eastern Sundarbans exhibits lower organic carbon density as it is located further within the protected forest area with minimal human influence. Organic carbon and density decrease with increasing soil depth, while bulk density increases at lower depths. Significant spatial variation is observed in soil organic carbon and density across the study area.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
Blue Carbon Stocks in Mangrove Forests of Eastern IndiaCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Dr. Kakoli Banerjee, Assistant Professor & Founding Head, Department of Biodiversity & Conservation of Natural Resources, School of Biodiversity & Conservation of Natural Resources Central, University of Odisha at Mangrove Research in Indian sub-continent: Recent Advances, Knowledge Gaps and Future Perspectives on 8 - 10 December 2021
Forecasting Biomass Loss and Carbon Released to the Atmosphere as a Result of...IJEAB
Terrestrial climate change predictions use various models that are based on atmospheric parameters combined with projected carbon emission scenarios. Increased levels of carbon emissions into the atmosphere are accelerated by human activities and are the main reason of climate change (CC). CC threatens networks of protected areas (PAs) and forced many species out of PAs. Unfenced PAs gives species opportunity to migrate from one PA to another or other unprotected areas to sustain their climatic niche. Many PAs in SADC countries including transfrontier conservation areas (TFCA) are unfenced; hence, connectivity of PAs uses corridors. However, many of these corridors are unprotected and advocacies adaptation of reserved fauna and flora under CC. This paper explains the less known amount of biomass loss and carbon released to the atmosphere as result of habitat conversion of eastern corridor of Selous – Niassa TFCA which connecting the two PAs of Tanzania and Mozambique. Specifically, the study predicts amount of biomass loss, amount of carbon released to the atmosphere and amount of conservation profit disposed as a result of habitat conversion from 2015 to 2035. Existing data on spatial and temporal changes in land use and land cover (LULC) of eastern corridor of Selous – Niassa TFCA from 1986 – 2016 was analysed and used to forecast LULC from 2015 to 2035 by using CA-Markov model. The forecasted LULC from 2015 to 2035 was analysed to get intended results. The results revealed that, an average amount of 29559.8 tons of biomass (above ground + below ground + deadwood) loss annually from 2015 to 2035. Consequently, average amount of 40217.2 tons of carbon (above ground + below ground + deadwood) released to the atmosphere annually from 2015 to 2035 equivalent to US$ 160868.6 per annum if REDD+ implemented. The study concludes that, there is a need to include virgin corridors into core PAs network or formulation of sustainable conservation strategies that will consider climatic niche of both flora and fauna without compromising livelihoods of corridor dwellers.
This is a powerpoint publication, consisting of 73 powerpoint slides about the impact and guidelines for palm oil production on peatlands. From the Central Kalimantan Peatlands Project (CKPP): www.ckpp.org
This document discusses ecosystem services related to carbon storage and sequestration provided by upland landscapes in England. It notes that upland soils store a large amount of carbon, especially peatlands, but many peat bogs are losing carbon due to drainage and burning. Maps show the location of peat soils and their condition, with many currently in an "unfavorable recovering" state. The document also discusses the importance of uplands for water supply and quality, noting that activities like grip blocking and peatland restoration can help stabilize water color issues.
Aptitude of Ground waters for Irrigation in the South-East Coastal Region of ...inventionjournals
Development of agricultural areas pressures on the availability of water resources in the South-East coastal region of Côte d'Ivoire (from Abidjan to Aboisso) require farmers to use groundwater for irrigation food and industrial crops. The objective of this study is to assess the aptitude of groundwater for irrigation in this region by using methods that take into account the Sodium Adsorption Report (SAR) and the Permeability Index (PI). The different results show that the SAR values range from 0.03 to 9.90 with an average of 1.83 while the PIs range from 5.11 to 210.77 with an average of 91.40. The C1S1 and C2S1 classes, corresponding to the water suitable for irrigation, represent 95% of the water sampled. In general, therefore, the sampled waters quality is suitable for irrigation except the boreholes waters of Memni (No. 59) and Palmafrique (No. 64).
Panel discussion: Mangroves as nature-based solution to climate changeCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by K. Kathiresan, Annamalai University at Mangrove Research in Indian sub-continent: Recent Advances, Knowledge Gaps and Future Perspectives on 8 - 10 December 2021
THE POTENTIAL OF BLUE CARBON STOCKS AND CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION IN MANGROVE...Asramid Yasin
Abstract— Indonesia is a country with the second-longest coastline globally and has the most extensive mangrove forests in the world. Mangrove forests are included in the blue carbon group, which per hectare store up to four times more carbon storage than tropical forests. Mangrove forests play an essential role in absorbing carbon emissions in the air and storing a lot of carbon compared to natural forests. This study aims to determine carbon storage and CO2 absorption in mangrove forests in Kabaena Barat Subdistrict, Bombana Regency. The data comes from direct measurements in the field, namely above-ground carbon, carried out without damaging trees, only covering carbon in tree vegetation. It is the largest proportion of carbon storage on land. The data collection used a survey method to identify mangrove species, circumference, tree trunk diameter at breast height (dbh), biomass, carbon storage, CO2 absorption, and 22 plots of plotted line method with eight transects. The results showed that 10 types of mangrove
species were found on the transect observation, namely Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Avicennia lanata, Avicennia sp., Bruguiera cylindrica, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia alba, and Xylocarpus granatum. With the total amount of biomass stored in Kabaena Barat Subdistrict's mangrove forests, Bombana Regency, is 6,664.93 tons ha-1 with carbon storage of 3,065.85 tons ha-1 and carbon dioxide absorption of 11,241.55 tons ha-1.
The document summarizes threats to peatlands in the Congo Basin, which were recently discovered to be the largest tropical peatland complex globally. Climate change is identified as a major threat given its potential to destabilize the entire area's large carbon stocks. Socioeconomic development is increasing risks like hydrocarbon exploration, logging, and plantations. While conservation designations cover much of the area, threats could significantly damage the peatland ecosystems. Immediate action is needed to protect the largely intact peatlands and their carbon while improving local livelihoods.
Clay harvesting in Ghana causes environmental impacts. A study examined clay harvesting near Mpraeso Amanfrom. It found:
1) Most harvesters had low education and did not understand environmental effects.
2) Harvesting close to water bodies polluted the water and changed its color.
3) Harvested lands were usually not reclaimed, leaving the soil unusable.
Fate of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc on soils after the application of dif...Silvana Torri
Como citar este trabajo
Torri S, Lavado R. 2009. Fate of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc on soils after the application of different treated sewage sludge in soils of the Pampas region. In: Sewage Treatment: Uses, Processes and Impact. Editors: Anna Stephens and Mark Fuller, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., Hauppauge, NY 11788. ISBN: 978-1-60692-959-9. 95-123. 394p.
Characterisation and soil pollution in agrarian floodplain of ibadan peri urb...Alexander Decker
This document characterizes soils in the floodplain of Ibadan, Nigeria that are used for dry season farming. Soil samples were collected and analyzed. The results showed that the surface soils have high levels of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus that make them fertile. However, the soils also have very high levels of phosphorus (between 28.99-87.70 ppm) and heavy metals like lead, zinc, iron, copper, manganese, chromium, and cadmium that exceed safe levels for crops based on models of metal uptake. The high levels of phosphorus may inhibit uptake of some metals and explain why crops still grow well and yields are high, despite the presence of toxic metals. The research aims to
Characterisation and soil pollution in agrarian floodplain of ibadan peri urb...Alexander Decker
This document characterizes soils and determines pollution in agricultural floodplains near Ibadan, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from two profile pits and analyzed. The floodplain soil had evidence of waste deposition including plastic and metal. Testing found high levels of phosphorus and several heavy metals. While crop uptake of some metals could be toxic, field evidence showed no impact on plant health or yields. The surface soils were fertile with moderate to high nutrients but elevated concentrations of lead, zinc, and iron that could potentially be taken up by plants. Overall, the study assessed soil quality and pollution risks in peri-urban agricultural areas impacted by urban waste.
Similar to A Baseline Assessment of Soil Organic Carbon in the Mangroves of the Bakassi Peninsula South West Cameroon (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD30515 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 3 | March-April 2020 Page 415
magnitude of depletion of SOC pool are also accelerated by
removal of crop residues and uncontrolled grazing (Lal,
2004). The objective of the study was to carry out a baseline
assessment of the SOC stock and sequestration potential of
the Bakassi mangroves. This will setthepaceforthe block by
block assessments at the country level for effective carbon
pricing. Faced with impacts like increasing; rainfall with
variability and unpredictability,droughts,floods,hailstorms,
hot days and heat waves, temperatureswithripple effectson
the environment and livelihood sectors especially in the
more vulnerable African countries with weaker; economies,
and technologies (MINEPDED-NAPCC, 2015) and virtue of
the high; exposure, sensitivity and low adaptive capacity,
redoubling efforts to mitigate this is unavoidable.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study Location
This study was carried around the mangroves of the Bakassi
Peninsula particularly in NdianDivisionsSouth-WestRegion
of Cameroon, a biodiversity hotspot that supports high
diversity of animal and plant species(MINEPDED,2009).The
work touched 7 mangroves subdivisions (Bamuso, Ekondo
Titi, Mundemba, Isangele, Kombo Abedimo, Kombo Itindi
and Idabato), between latitudes 4°25′E and 5°10′N and
longitudes 8°20′E and 9°08′N (GEF, 2016). Here, strong
ocean waves work against the incoming river current to
precipitate deposits in the form of large inter-tidal mud or
sand flats which favours the growths and establishment of
mangrove tree species at this interface. The climate is
equatorial and littoral types with two distinct seasons: a
short dry season of 4 months (November to February) and a
long rainy season almost 8 months (from March toOctober).
The average rainfall ranges from 5000 mm to 10000 mm
with July, August and September been the wettest months.
Relative humidity is very high, above 85%. The main annual
temperature is from 25.5 ⁰C to 27⁰ C (GEF, 2016). The
average tides waltz between 0.1 m to 2.9 m accompanied
very often by scorching heat waves sometimes going up to
45 ° in the shade (Ocholi, 1986).
Figure: 1. map of Bakassi Peninsula
With a low elevation of 0 – 2m above sea level (Smoak et al.,
1999) the area is predominantlymangrovesbothindigenous
and foreign species (Fig. 1) with Rhizophora racemosa,
dorminating (Buh et al., 2019) other indigenous mangroves
whilethe exotic Nypa fructicans has colonize a large
proportion of the Peninsula. The soils rang from; sandy,
ferralitic, to claylike or peat that are generally formed bythe
deposition of plant particles on watery soils (Smoak et al.,
1999).with very old and deeply weatheredbedrock,thesoils
are depleted of nutrients (Bond, 2010) following leaching
after heavy rains (Wong & Rowell, 1994). Avi-fauna include;
migratory lesser flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor) and the
Rachel᾽s Malimbe i.e. Malimbicus racheliae (Ajonina et al.,
2004), marine Otter and West African manatee (Trichechus
senegalensis) Giant frog, Dwarf crocodile (Osteolaemus
tetraspis) and Conraua goliath (Sarmiento and Oates, 2000,
Sunderland-Groves et al, 2003, Bergl and Vigilant, 2007),
some mangrove phytoplankton identified are;
Bacilliophyceae, Dinophyceae and Cyanophyceae(GEF,2016)
This area is sparsely populated (about 150,000 to 300,000
inhabitants ) by ethnic groups from Nigeria and Cameroon
(Ejaghams and the Efiks)whereabout70%ofthepopulation
comes from Nigeria (Guilleune et al., 2017).Their primary
economic activity is fishing, farming for subsistence needs
and timber harvesting which is limited to artisanal tree
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
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cutting. Also, the area has rich oil reserves in neighboring
areas of Nigeria (GEF, 2016) where off-shoreoil exploitation
has been going on since 1960, accounting for over 70% of
Cameroon’s oil production
METHODS
Field survey
Stratified random and opportunistic sampling was used to
identify and establish plots. This permitted better accuracy,
precision and efficiency due to the heterogeneous nature of
the forest and its functional reliability. Also, the necessity to
capture relevant variables in the equations coupled to the
fact that the area was finite or known as recommended in
Kauffman and Donato (2012), Asseffa et al., (2013) gave
preference to this method. Stratification criteria took in to
account; tree height and nature of forest (intact, degraded,
and highly degraded) while the sampling area took in to
account the species, cost, security conditions, accessibility
(nature of soil, tides). Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the
Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) model was used to
differentiate height ranges where the use of mangroves
height data was the basics for stratification. Five classes
were distinguished (Tab. 1) using geometric interval breaks
which is a compromise method between equal interval,
natural breaks (Jenks), and quantile (Carl et al., 2015)
Table1: Mangrove canopy height classes delineated
through analysis of SRTM data
Class ID Height
1 0-8
2 8.1-11
3 11.1-15
4 15.1-19
5 ≥19.1
Adapted from Buh et al., 2019
Square plots of 20m x 20m (40 in number) were established
on a selected stratum to get data as in Jones (2014) at the
center of the plots. These Plots were establishment with the
help of a 50 m transect tape (Tibre ). A compass (silva
Polaris) was used to get the plot bearings and a Garmin GPS
(Map 62) was used to collect geographical coordinates for
the locations of the plots. The plot centers were identified
using the transect tape and marked with a GPS for collection
of soil samples. Soil samples were collected at the center of
the plots, inside the 10m x 10 m subplots (Fig.2). The soils
were sampled to a depth of 1m using an open gouge auger.
The collection interval were 0cm-60cm, 60cm-80cm and
80cm-100cm (Buh et al., 2019). Before the samples were
collected, organic litter were removed from the soil surface,
at the point of collection.
Figure2. Plot design for soil sample collection in
Bakassi Mangroves
The soil auger was pushed into the ground and at 1m
interval, it was twisted at least 5 times clockwise to collect
soil core as recommended in Kaufman and Donato (2012).
Soil samples of approximately 5cm were removed at the
require interval (Tab. 3) on the auger using a knife and the
samples placed in pre- labeled sealable plastics. These
intervals were measured with the help of a ruler to the
nearest mm.
Table3: Soils layers represented by samples and the
sampling Intervals for each soil core
Soil ID
Sample depth
(cm) from surface
Sample
interval(cm)
1 0-60 55-60
2 60-80 75-80
3 80-100 95-100
Where obstacles were encountered, the auger was
removed, cleaned and location changed.
The soil samples were preserved sealed in air tight plastic
bags to ensure safety during transportation and to reduce
microbes on the wet soil. The samples were preparedforthe
laboratory by making an inventory list to link numbering
schematics used on the field with sample information like
plot number and soils sampling depths. They were later
taken to the laboratory for drying and analysis for bulk
density and percentage carbon as recommended in Stringer
et al., (2015)
At the laboratory, samples were air dried and later oven
dried at a temperature of 105°C for 48 hours till a constant
dry mass was attained. Samples were grinned and sieved
through a 2 mm sieve. The grinding speeded up and
improved the drying process and equally eased sieving.This
was relevant for calculating the bulk density. For carbon
analysis; soils were further fine grind and sieved through a
0.5 mm sieve. Organic carbon was then determined by
chromic acid digestion and spectrophotometric analysis
(Heanes, 1984). To control thequality,there wasinclusionof
four external reference samples and a certified sample from
International soil exchange program in every batch
analyzed.
For the data analyses; the soil bulk density was gotten by
dividing the sample dry mass in grams by its volume (cm-3)
for each soil core.
Soil bulk density (gcm-3) = Oven dry mass (g) Sample vol (
cm-3)……………………Kaufman and Donato (2012)
The soil organic carbon (Mg/ha) per sampled depth interval
= Bulk density (gcm-3) * Soil depth interval (cm) * %
C…………………………………………………Kaufman and Donato
(20120)
Where % C, is the percentage Carbon concentration
expressed as a whole number.
The total plot soil carbon was then determined by summing
the carbon mass of each sampled soil depth interval (0cm -
60cm, 60cm-80cm, 80cm-100cm) in Mg C/ha
Data collected fromthelaboratorywereverifiedforaccuracy
and quality, inputted in to the spread sheets, classified in to
their respective height classes following the stratification
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
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and further imported into MINITAP version 19.0 and the
findings presented in a simple and understandable way for
all potential readers using charts and graphs as described in
Djomo (2015). Variables like the standard error of the mean
in the carbon stock gotten was the standard deviation to the
true mean of all the different means from the population
(Tesfaye &Astrat (2013) while the standard deviations was
taken as the square root of the variance, variations were the
average of the squared deviations between each data thus,
the mean was sum of all the values of the variable dividedby
the total as recommended in Yeomans (1968)
FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS
Organic soil carbon stock contributes to a highproportion of
the total ecosystem carbon in mangroves. This is gotten
through investigations of a number of variables such as the
bulk density, the percentage carbon and the depth ofthesoil
layer or sample (Tab 4)
Table4: Variation of Bulk density, %C and Mean SOC per depths with height class
Bulk density(g/cm3) %C Carbon density(Mg/ha)
Height Class Soil Depth Mean SE± Mean SE± Mean SE±
1
0-60 0.77 0.10 9.90 2.05 469.83 126.32
60-80 2.83 0.11 9.40 2.32 133.96 42.29
80-100 0.62 0.07 8.93 2.02 101.98 17.81
2
0-60 1.02 0.37 27.83 17.42 2281.55 2018.34
60-80 1.20 0.45 26.98 17.92 885.79 808.12
80-100 1.00 0.29 27.19 17.79 701.97 606.09
3
0-60 0.78 0.04 10.51 0.60 503.90 44.19
60-80 0.74 0.04 10.02 0.66 150.53 13.55
80-100 0.60 0.05 9.91 0.65 119.35 12.74
4
0-60 0.78 0.06 13.26 2.38 875.99 299.36
60-80 0.77 0.08 13.09 2.40 315.18 118.07
80-100 0.76 0.04 12.28 2.42 247.64 78.52
5
0-60 0.61 0.01 8.91 1.79 329.19 68.37
60-80 0.71 0.11 8.53 1.69 120.86 27.76
80-100 0.53 0.02 9.01 2.19 96.20 24.03
Bulk density
Across the sampled plots, mean soil bulk density at the upper layer ranged from 0.61 (gcm-3) in height class 5 to 1.0 (gcm-3) in
height class 2. Within the middle layers, it ranged from 0.71gcm-3 in class 5 to 2.83gcm-3 in class2.Atthedeeperlayer;itranged
from 0.54gcm-3 in class 5 to 1.0gcm-3 in class 2. The maximum values were within the middle levels, the upper and reduced as
the depths increased. This changes where however irregular (Tab. 4). Generally, mean bulk density witnessed an irregular
trend, increasing from 0.67(g/cm3) at the 0cm- 60cm depth to 0.67(g/cm3) at the 60cm-80cm depth and decreased to
0.53(g/cm3) at the 80cm-100cm depth (Fig. 2)
Figure2: Bulk density according to soil depth in Bakassi
Average Percentage Carbon
Across the different height classes, percentage carbon in the different depths varied. At the upper level (0cm-60cm), it ranged
from 8.91%C in height class 5 to 27.83%C in height class 2. In the middle (60cm-80cm), it ranged from 9.01% C in height class
5 to 27.00 in height class 2. At the deeper level (80cm-100cm), it ranged from 9.01%C in class 5 to 27.20%C in class 2 (Tab 4).
The average percentage carbon did change with increasing depth where, it decreased from 9.54 % at the 0cm-60cm depth to
9.33% at the 60cm-80cm depth and to 9.13% at the 80cm-100cm depth (Fig. 3). Generally,thetrendshoweda steadydecrease
for the average percentage carbon.
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Figure3: Percentage carbon (%) according to soil depth in Bakassi
Mean carbon density
Across the different height classes, the mean carbon densities in the different depths varied. At the upper level (0cm-60cm),it
ranged from 329.19C (Mg/ha) in height class 5 to 2281.60C (Mg/ha) in height class 2. In the middle (60cm-80cm), it ranged
from 120.90C (Mg/ha) in height class 5 to 885.80C (Mg/ha) in height class 2. At thedeeperlevel (80cm-100cm),itrangedfrom
96.20C (Mg/ha) in class 5 to 702.00C (Mg/ha) in class 2 (Tab. 4). Generally, the trend for the mean carbon density decreased
with depth from 400.24 (Mg/ha) at the 0cm-60cm depth to 128.61 (Mg/ha) at the 60cm-80cmdepthandto109.14 (Mg/ha)at
the 80cm-100cm depth (Fig. 4)
Figure4. Carbon density according to soil depth in Bakassi Generally, there was a regular and decreasing trend
with depth in this area.
Ecosystem Soil Organic carbon (SOC)
Carbon densities within soil depths were added to get the ecosystem soil organiccarbondensity(Mg/ha)forevery heightclass
in each of the study areas. This was a sum of the different mean carbon stock for the different soil depths up to 1m within the
different height classes.
Total soil Carbon density
The soil carbon values ranged from 546.35(Mg/ha) in height class 5 to 773.78 (Mg/ha) in height class 3.The trends however
were irregular within the different height classes.
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Figure5: Variation of total Soil Organic Carbon
Average carbon stock per height class
Average soil organic carbon stock per height class ranged from 75.24 (Mg/ha) in height class 2 to 257.87 (Mg/ha) in height
class 5. The values increased in a regular manner from height class 1 to 5.
Average Per hectare carbon for the areas
Table6: Average carbon per hectare in Bakassi
Height class Total Carbon Stock-(Mg C/ha) Area(ha) Total Carbon/Class height(Mg/ha)
1 705.77 0.16 112.92
2 626.97 0.12 75.24
3 773.78 0.32 247.61
4 537.21 0.48 257.86
5 546.26 0.12 65.55
Total 1.2 759.18
Av. Mg/ha 632.65
Thus on average, for a hectare in Bakassi, the soil organic carbon stock is 632.65 (Mg/ha)
DISCUSION
Inventory Design
A rectangular sampling design was adapted with lessons
from Jones, 2014; Buh et al., 2019; kaufman and Donato
(2012). This design was preferred because the areahada lot
of small creeks and Islands as well as for better
quantification, accuracy and precision of the desiredresults.
Thus; trampling was reduced, accessibility was enhanced
and sampling consistent in all plots irrespective of the
species in the area. This approach was different from the
circular plots recommended by Murdiyarso et al., (2009),
Kauffman and Donato (2012) in the Indo-pacificmangroves.
Bulk density
Bulk density is an indicator of soil compaction and could be
relevant in determining the relationships between soil
particle size distribution and organic matter
content.Changes in bulk density could be caused when
activities modify the soils. The nature of variation in bulk
density in this area is due to the soil type and basementrock,
given that the Bakassi mangroves are made up mostlyofsoft
muddy soils (Buh et al., 2019). The coastline is mostly
muddy with a few areas been sandy especially when
approaching the southern parts or the Cameroon Estuaries.
Average percentage carbon
Average percentage carbon is influenced by differentfactors
amongst which are; high productivity and low
decomposition rate of the wetland (Enong, 1993) as well as
superior hydrothermal conditions and periodic flooding by
tides which inhibits aerobic respiration and reducesthe rate
of decomposition of organic matter, subsequently leading to
high organic carbon storage (Twilley, Chen, and Hagis,
1992). In this area it had higher concentration of sediments
that came from the difference numerous stream currents
occurring the area (Buh et al., 2019).
Mean SOC density
The carbon density within the area is of paramount
important to most assessments given that it is an
unavoidable variable and is influenced by its rate of carbon
recycling. Like the percentage carbon, this is due to the
vegetation cover, the sediments that are carried in to the
area from the tidal inundations, streams flowing in to the
area as well as the rate of decomposition of sediments in the
area.
Ecosystem carbon
Ecosystem Soil Organic Carbon stock wasa sumofall thesoil
organic carbon densities of the different soil depths
Total Soil Organic Carbon
The total soil carbon in the mangroves may vary from place
to place depending on the rate of sedimentation, theamount
of carbon release or the level or rate of forest disturbance or
biomass removal, the percentage of stem density, the depth
of the soil and the bulk density. In this area, the total soil
organic carbon (546.35Mg/ha to 773.776Mg/ha) between
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the plots was a little higher than the values (containing
274.6.7 Mg/ ha to 279.6 Mg/ ha) recorded by Stringer et al.,
(2015) while studying the mangroves around the Zambezi
mangroves. These values resulted from interplay between
the amounts of biomass removal, the rate of carbon stock
formation, the rate of diverse threats witnessed given that
the constant harvesting of the forest lead to less litter and
other organic matter left for decomposition and increase of
the peat soil. The rate of sedimentation equallydependedon
the wave movements and stream flow in to the area. Also,
the bulk density of this area played much on the total soil
organic carbon stock. Summarily, the carbon content,
climate, topography, soil type, microbial communities,
nitrogen cycling process, management, and land use (Murty
et al., 2002) are amongst the factors cited by Ziegler et al.,
(2012) to account for the factorsaffectingSOC while Wang et
al., (2013) also discovered that forestorganiccarbondensity
increases with biomass growth and stand age of the
mangrove forests. Similar results were obtained by Gleason
and Ewel (2002) in their study of a Micronesian mangrove
forest, as well as by Sun (2011) and Zhang et al. (2012) in
their studies of a mangrove forest in Southern China. Sun
(2011) also reported that the soil organic carbon in mature
forest (105.73 t/ha) was higher than that in young (74.43
t/ha) and middle-aged mangrove forest (87.69 t/ha).
Total Ecosystem Carbon density (TEC)
The total ecosystem soil organic carbon soil is often the
summation of the different depth organic soil carbon stocks.
In this study site like elsewhere in the world, vegetation
types and shifts in the coverage of dominant plants exerts a
major influence on C fluxes (Andresen et al., 2016 and Niu et
al., 2010), though differences in values could be due to the
difference in vegetation cover, soil conditions, threats, soil
and climatic conditions.
Thus, average per hectare soil organic carbon was
632.65Mg/. This values are larger than the (454.92Mg C/ha
and 340.87MgC/ha) reported by Bensonetal., (2017)forthe
assessment of open and closed canopy mangrove
respectively in S-W Madagascar. Also, the values are lower
than the mean value (799MgC/ha) reported bykaufmanand
Bhomia (2017) for the entire poles of the mangroves of
West-Central Africa as well as the global values
(885MgC/ha) for mangroves.
Recommendation
Proper land use practices have to be implemented in the
area as well as sustainable land and forest management
practices.
CONCLUSION
The quantities for the meanorganicsoil carbonstock density
per hectare in Bakasssi mangroves ranged from 537.22 Mg
C/ha to 773.78Mg C/ha and for the different height classes.
Thus average per hectare SOC was 632.65MgC/ha.
Acknowledgement
The authors are grateful to Pr. Ayonghe Samuel Ndonwi Of
the University of Buea for taking time off to review this
article.
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