This document summarizes a study evaluating the performance of an effluent treatment plant (ETP) for a dairy industry in India. Samples were collected from three points in the ETP - the collection tank, primary clarifier, and secondary clarifier. The ETP achieved removal efficiencies of 26.14% for pH, 33.30% for TDS, 93.85% for TSS, 94.19% for COD, and 98.19% for BOD. The treated effluent met standards for discharge set by the Gujarat Pollution Control Board. The ETP was effective at removing pollutants and bringing wastewater characteristics in line with regulatory requirements for reuse or discharge.
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF TREATMENT OF EFFLUENT FROM A BULK DRUG MANUFACTURING IND...Journal For Research
A study has been carried out on aerobic biological treatment of a bulk drug industrial effluent which is highly acidic in nature and shows high value of BOD5 (≈ 36000 mg/l), COD (≈ 84000 mg/l). Chemical treatment conducted for neutralizing the pH followed by biological treatment using a lab-scale reactor with acclimatized bacterial consortia isolated from natural soil has confirmed its feasibility for biological treatment. About 99% removal of COD from starting value of around 8000 mg/l has been achieved. The COD value in different hydraulic retention time (HRT) has been brought down to less than 100 mg/l in treated effluent, showing high removal of dissolved organics by aerobic biological treatment.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF TREATMENT OF EFFLUENT FROM A BULK DRUG MANUFACTURING IND...Journal For Research
A study has been carried out on aerobic biological treatment of a bulk drug industrial effluent which is highly acidic in nature and shows high value of BOD5 (≈ 36000 mg/l), COD (≈ 84000 mg/l). Chemical treatment conducted for neutralizing the pH followed by biological treatment using a lab-scale reactor with acclimatized bacterial consortia isolated from natural soil has confirmed its feasibility for biological treatment. About 99% removal of COD from starting value of around 8000 mg/l has been achieved. The COD value in different hydraulic retention time (HRT) has been brought down to less than 100 mg/l in treated effluent, showing high removal of dissolved organics by aerobic biological treatment.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of temperature on biodegradation of textile dyeing effluent using pilo...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— This study deals with the effect of temperature on treatment of real textile dyeing effluent using pilot scale two-phase Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor with sago effluent as co-substrate under recycle mode. The temperature of the reactor was varied viz. 35, 40, 45 and 50 0C. The feed of the reactor was 30% of methanogenic outlet recycled and 70% of 70/30 (sago/textile dyeing effluent) mixing ratio were given at the bottom of the reactor. The reactor was operated at 24 h of HRT. The performance of the bioreactor was evaluated by monitoring the removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), removal of color, Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) and biogas production. The overall COD and color removal were achieved maximum of 98.4% and 99.3% respectively. Based on temperature, the biogas production (0.512 m3/d) was maximum at 450C. From the VFA and alkalinity ratio values obtained indicate that the reactors were operated under steady state. The results shows, that the sago and textile dyeing effluent have wide variation in their characteristics were treated on combination, whereas the recycle ratios maintain the stability of reactor. This new technology supports the effective utilization of sago effluent in destruction of dyeing effluent; the optimum temperature for efficient reactor operation was 450C.
Evaluation of Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor for treating Sugar mill effluen...IJERA Editor
Anaerobic treatment processes are credible options for providing sustainable treatment to biodegradable waste streams. The Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor (AFBR) is an evolving process that requires waste specific design methodologies based on kinetics of the specific process. The research was precisely an experimental study on AFBR having23.56 litres of effective volume to evaluate its treatment performance and gas recovery in terms of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Hydraulic Retention Time(HRT)and Organic Loading Rate (OLR). The synthetic sugar influent COD was variedfrom 1500 to 4000 mg/lit. The OLR for the operating flow rates were ranged from 1.36 to 28.8 Kg COD/m3.day for HRT varied from 3.2 to 24 hrs. The maximum COD removal efficiency is 90.06 at an operating OLR of 3.42 Kg COD/m3.day. The maximum biogas yield was observed at 0.28 m3/kg COD removed.
APIT, OPTIMISATION ,SCALE UP ,WORK UP, GREEN CHEMISTRY ,MSSDS, SOLVENT SELECTION, EFFLUENT TREATMENT AND MINIMISATION ,HEALTH HAZARD AND SAFETY HAZARD, IN PROCESS CONTROL
Lipid profiling and corresponding biodiesel quality of mortierella isabellina...zhenhua82
Four lipid extraction methods (Bligh & Dyer, hexane & isopropanol, dichloromethane & methanol, and hexane) were evaluated to extract lipid from freeze- and oven-dried fungus Mortierella isabellina ATCC42613. The highest lipid yield (41.8%) was obtained from Bligh & Dyer extraction on the oven-dried fungal biomass with a methanol:chloroform:water ratio of 2:1:0.8. Other lipid extraction methods on both freeze- and oven-dried samples had lipid yields ranging from 20.7% to 35.9%. Non-polar lipid was the main lipid class (more than 90% of total lipid) in M. isabellina. Regarding fatty acid profile, there was no significant difference on fatty acid concentration between different drying and extraction methods. Estimation of biodiesel fuel properties using correlative models further demonstrated that the fungal biodiesel is a good alternative to fossil diesel.
Application of response surface methodology for biosorption of reactive dyes ...IJLT EMAS
Response Surface Methodology was employed for
studying the biosorption of reactive dyes from textile effluent by
utilization of dead biomass of Rhizopus arrhizus in a batch
system. Central Composite Design at the specified combinations
of four variables (pH, biosorbent dosage, speed of agitation,
contact time) was adopted to achieve maximum biosorption. The
fitted quadratic model (P<0.0001) was used to arrive at the best
operating conditions. Under the following optimum conditions
i.e., pH 2.0; biosorbent dosage 3 g /L; speed of agitation 80 rpm
and contact time 60 min, 99.60% of the dyes were removed from
the wastewater. The mechanism of biosorption was elucidated by
FTIR, XRD and BET analysis. This work demonstrated the
feasibility of employing Rhizopus arrhizus as an effective and
economical fungal biosorbent for the removal of dyes from the
textile effluent.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Decolorization potential of immobilized pseudomonas putida mtcc 1194 with low...eSAT Journals
Abstract A simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation method for removal of reactive blue-4 is reported here. The mustard stalk activated carbon (MSAC) using Pseudomonas putida MTCC1194 was applied to decolorize reactive blue-4. Batch studies were performed to evaluate the influences of various parameters; initial pH, adsorbent dose, temperature and initial concentration, on removal of reactive blue-4. Optimum conditions for reactive blue -4 removals were found to be pH 7, adsorbent dose10g/l, temperature 32°C at equilibrium time 360 min for 150 mg/l of dye concentration. Experimental data were analyzed by pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order kinetics and intra-particle diffusion model. Equilibrium isotherms for the adsorption of reactive blue 4 onto MSAC were analyzed by Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R). The results show that experimental data follow pseudo-second order kinetics and intra-particle diffusion model. Out of four isotherms, Langmuir was found to be best fit with experimental data (R2 > 0.97), with 70.2% removal of reactive blue 4. Keywords: activated carbon mustard stalk, reactive blue 4, simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation (SAB), Pseudomonas putida
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Validation Of Radiation Sterilization Dose For Proteases Immobilized On Aldeh...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Effect of temperature on biodegradation of textile dyeing effluent using pilo...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— This study deals with the effect of temperature on treatment of real textile dyeing effluent using pilot scale two-phase Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor with sago effluent as co-substrate under recycle mode. The temperature of the reactor was varied viz. 35, 40, 45 and 50 0C. The feed of the reactor was 30% of methanogenic outlet recycled and 70% of 70/30 (sago/textile dyeing effluent) mixing ratio were given at the bottom of the reactor. The reactor was operated at 24 h of HRT. The performance of the bioreactor was evaluated by monitoring the removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), removal of color, Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) and biogas production. The overall COD and color removal were achieved maximum of 98.4% and 99.3% respectively. Based on temperature, the biogas production (0.512 m3/d) was maximum at 450C. From the VFA and alkalinity ratio values obtained indicate that the reactors were operated under steady state. The results shows, that the sago and textile dyeing effluent have wide variation in their characteristics were treated on combination, whereas the recycle ratios maintain the stability of reactor. This new technology supports the effective utilization of sago effluent in destruction of dyeing effluent; the optimum temperature for efficient reactor operation was 450C.
Evaluation of Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor for treating Sugar mill effluen...IJERA Editor
Anaerobic treatment processes are credible options for providing sustainable treatment to biodegradable waste streams. The Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor (AFBR) is an evolving process that requires waste specific design methodologies based on kinetics of the specific process. The research was precisely an experimental study on AFBR having23.56 litres of effective volume to evaluate its treatment performance and gas recovery in terms of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Hydraulic Retention Time(HRT)and Organic Loading Rate (OLR). The synthetic sugar influent COD was variedfrom 1500 to 4000 mg/lit. The OLR for the operating flow rates were ranged from 1.36 to 28.8 Kg COD/m3.day for HRT varied from 3.2 to 24 hrs. The maximum COD removal efficiency is 90.06 at an operating OLR of 3.42 Kg COD/m3.day. The maximum biogas yield was observed at 0.28 m3/kg COD removed.
APIT, OPTIMISATION ,SCALE UP ,WORK UP, GREEN CHEMISTRY ,MSSDS, SOLVENT SELECTION, EFFLUENT TREATMENT AND MINIMISATION ,HEALTH HAZARD AND SAFETY HAZARD, IN PROCESS CONTROL
Lipid profiling and corresponding biodiesel quality of mortierella isabellina...zhenhua82
Four lipid extraction methods (Bligh & Dyer, hexane & isopropanol, dichloromethane & methanol, and hexane) were evaluated to extract lipid from freeze- and oven-dried fungus Mortierella isabellina ATCC42613. The highest lipid yield (41.8%) was obtained from Bligh & Dyer extraction on the oven-dried fungal biomass with a methanol:chloroform:water ratio of 2:1:0.8. Other lipid extraction methods on both freeze- and oven-dried samples had lipid yields ranging from 20.7% to 35.9%. Non-polar lipid was the main lipid class (more than 90% of total lipid) in M. isabellina. Regarding fatty acid profile, there was no significant difference on fatty acid concentration between different drying and extraction methods. Estimation of biodiesel fuel properties using correlative models further demonstrated that the fungal biodiesel is a good alternative to fossil diesel.
Application of response surface methodology for biosorption of reactive dyes ...IJLT EMAS
Response Surface Methodology was employed for
studying the biosorption of reactive dyes from textile effluent by
utilization of dead biomass of Rhizopus arrhizus in a batch
system. Central Composite Design at the specified combinations
of four variables (pH, biosorbent dosage, speed of agitation,
contact time) was adopted to achieve maximum biosorption. The
fitted quadratic model (P<0.0001) was used to arrive at the best
operating conditions. Under the following optimum conditions
i.e., pH 2.0; biosorbent dosage 3 g /L; speed of agitation 80 rpm
and contact time 60 min, 99.60% of the dyes were removed from
the wastewater. The mechanism of biosorption was elucidated by
FTIR, XRD and BET analysis. This work demonstrated the
feasibility of employing Rhizopus arrhizus as an effective and
economical fungal biosorbent for the removal of dyes from the
textile effluent.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Decolorization potential of immobilized pseudomonas putida mtcc 1194 with low...eSAT Journals
Abstract A simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation method for removal of reactive blue-4 is reported here. The mustard stalk activated carbon (MSAC) using Pseudomonas putida MTCC1194 was applied to decolorize reactive blue-4. Batch studies were performed to evaluate the influences of various parameters; initial pH, adsorbent dose, temperature and initial concentration, on removal of reactive blue-4. Optimum conditions for reactive blue -4 removals were found to be pH 7, adsorbent dose10g/l, temperature 32°C at equilibrium time 360 min for 150 mg/l of dye concentration. Experimental data were analyzed by pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order kinetics and intra-particle diffusion model. Equilibrium isotherms for the adsorption of reactive blue 4 onto MSAC were analyzed by Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R). The results show that experimental data follow pseudo-second order kinetics and intra-particle diffusion model. Out of four isotherms, Langmuir was found to be best fit with experimental data (R2 > 0.97), with 70.2% removal of reactive blue 4. Keywords: activated carbon mustard stalk, reactive blue 4, simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation (SAB), Pseudomonas putida
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Validation Of Radiation Sterilization Dose For Proteases Immobilized On Aldeh...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Treatability study of cetp wastewater using physico chemical process-a case s...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Treatability study of cetp wastewater using physico chemical process-a case s...eSAT Journals
Abstract The present study is focused on a Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) located at Umaraya, District Baroda. Waste water from about thirty five small and medium scale industries majorly comprising of chemical manufacturing and pharmaceutical industries are treated in this CETP. The incoming wastewater was collected and mixed to prepare samples. They were then oxidized by Fenton’s reagent (Fe2+/H2O2) reduction in COD and BOD were observed at different H2O2 and FeSO4 doses to determine the optimum values. Thereafter pretreated wastewater was subjected to filtration with ordinary charcoal and COD and BOD reductions were noted.COD and BOD reduction of 64.35% and 68.57% respectively was achieved by Fenton’s reagent and after filtration the values were well within the disposal standards. The results clearly indicate that conventional system should be replaced by physicochemical process like oxidation and filtration. Index Terms: CETP, COD and BOD reduction, Fenton’s Reagent, Charcoal Filtration
Parametric Studies on Detergent Using Low Cost SorbentIOSR Journals
: Water is a valued natural resource for the existence of all living organisms. Indian rivers are
polluted due to the discharge of untreated sewage and industrial effluents. Management of the quality of this
precious resource is, therefore, of special importance. In these study industrial effluents samples from the
various detergent factories were collected and analyzed for physicochemical and bacteriological evaluation of
pollution. The use and effectiveness of granular and powder activated carbon made from agricultural waste i.e.
coconut husk and that coconut husk is a suitable adsorbent for such an effluent. Maximum adsorption capacity
is a derived from Langmuir isotherm. A series of fixed bed experiments was carried out and the results were
applied to a bed-depth/service time model for column adsorption. The validity of such a model is discussed. In
the removal of organic matter in wastewater effluents from a industry waste water were investigated. The effect
of process variables such as carbonization temperature, carbonization duration and activation temperature on
the production and quality of activated carbon was studied as well as adsorption capacity was studied
The Effluent Quality Discharged and Its Impacts on the Receiving Environment ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
The study evaluates the performance of Kacyiru Sewage Treatment Plant and its effluent impacts on the receiving wetland. Influent and effluent wastewaters as well as receiving wetland water qualities were measured from April to September 2019, at Kacyiru estate. The average removal efficiency (%) of the parameters such as TN, TP, COD, BOD 5 were recorded as 46.57; 61.49; 50.51; 66.79 respectively. The parameters such as pH, TDS, temperature value, were recorded within the prescribed limit of Rwanda standards for domestic wastewater discharge. The other parameters such as NTU, TN, TP, TSS, BOD 5 and Fecal coliforms were not complying with National standards requirements for domestic wastewater discharge. The finding showed that the excess nutrient observed may present potential sources of pollution in wetland and decrease the oxygen levels which affect the water living organisms. The discharged effluents contain microbes which can negatively devastate the receiving environment, thus the effect of discharged wastewater on environment is significant.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
11.treatability studies of dairy wastewater by upflow anaerobic sludge blanke...
G49033740
1. Pratiksinh Chavda Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 9( Version 3), September 2014, pp.37-40
www.ijera.com 37|P a g e
Performance evaluation of Effluent Treatment Plant of Dairy Industry Pratiksinh Chavda*, Apurva Rana** *(Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Renewable Energy & Environmental Engineering, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar-385506) ** (Department of Biological and Environmental Science, N.V. Patel College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabhvidyanagar - 388120) ABSTRACT Dairy industry is among the most polluting of the food industries in regard to its large water consumption. Dairy is one of the major industries causing water pollution. Considering the increased milk demand, the dairy industry in India is expected to grow rapidly and have the waste generation and related environmental problems are also assumed increased importance. Poorly treated wastewater with high level of pollutants caused by poor design, operation or treatment systems creates major environmental problems when discharged to the surface land or water. Various operations in a dairy industry may include pasteurization, cream, cheese, milk powder etc. Considering the above stated implications an attempt has been made in the present project to evaluate one of the Effluent Treatment Plant for dairy waste. Samples are collected from three points; Collection tank (CT), primary clarifier (PC) and Secondary clarifier (SC) to evaluate the performance of Effluent Treatment Plant. Parameters analyzed for evaluation of performance of Effluent Treatment Plant are pH, TDS, TSS, COD, and BOD at 200C The pH, TDS, TSS, COD and BOD removal efficiency of Effluent Treatment Plant were 26.14 %, 33.30 %, 93.85 %, 94.19 % and 98.19 % respectively.
Keywords–Dairy industry, Effluent treatment, Performance evaluation, Removal efficiency, Wastewater characteristics.
I. Introduction
Waste water generated in a dairy contains highly putrescible organic constituents. This necessitates prompt and adequate treatment of the waste water before its disposal to the environment. Almost all the organic constituents of dairy waste are easily biodegradable. Hence the wastewater is amenable to biological treatment-either aerobic oranaerobic1.Rapid growth of industries has enhanced the productivity but also resulted in the production and release of toxic substances into the environment, creating health hazards and affected the natural ecosystem making it unbalance. These wastes are potential pollutants when they produce harmful effects on the environment and generally released in the form of solids, liquid effluents and slurries containing a spectrum of organic and inorganic chemicals2.Effluent treatment in industries to meet the discharge standards mentioned by GPCB has always been a great problem for the industrialists. Every industry effluent treatment plant needs to treat the effluent for this purpose in their own industry via effluent treatment plants. Before discharging the treated effluent on to the land or any surface water body the industries should meet the effluent discharge standardnorms3.
In order to have proper processes in the ETP, Characterization of waste water, treatability studies and planning of proper units and processes for effluent treatment is very much necessary. In the present study an effort has been made to evaluate one of the ETP provided for the treatment of wastewater generated by dairy industry. The study was limited to the performance evaluation of the ETP Plant of dairy industry. The aim of the present research work was to determine the behavior of various parameters of the dairy industry wastewater. Characterization of wastewater was evaluated in terms of pH, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) at 200C and Chemical oxygen demand (COD)for the influent & effluent from the selected plants. The performance of the effluent treatment plant was also evaluated & the quality of the reclaimed wastewater was compared with Gujarat Pollution control Board (GPCB) standards to determine its suitability for reuse.
II. Materials and Method
The source for the collection of wastewater samples throughout the present studies was the Dairy industry. The study was conducted in Banas Dairy, located in Palanpur, Gujarat. The coordinates for the
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. Pratiksinh Chavda Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 9( Version 3), September 2014, pp.37-40
www.ijera.com 38|P a g e
project site is 24.10°N and 72.25°E. The duration for this research work was Five months.The methodology involved the collection of samples at the different units of the treatment plant having capacity to treat 400m3/day of waste water. The process in the treatment of industrial effluent may consist of any one or more of the following processes: 1. Equalization 2. Neutralization 3. Physical Treatment 4. Biological Treatment4. The effluent treatment plant consist of Collection tank (CT), Screening chamber, Oil and Grease removal tank,Equalization tank (ET), Neutralization tank (NT), Primary Clarifier (PC), aeration tank (AT) and Secondary clarifier (SC).The systematic flow diagram of ETP is shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 1 - flow sheet of ETP of Dairy Industry The wastewater samples were collected using sterile one liter plastic containers. Samples were collected in pre-sterilized bottles from Collection tank (CT), primary clarifier (PC) and Secondary clarifier (SC) for physicochemical analysis (pH, COD, BOD, TSS and TDS). All samples were transported to the laboratory and analyzed within 30 min. All parameters were analyzed in accordance with standard methods of GPCB.
III. Results and Discussions
Data taken during 5 months of this study are presented (TABLE 1) and discussed. pH:pH of the individual sample was measured immediately after its collection by a pH meter. The pH of the effluent varied from 9.60 to 9.93 before the treatment, whereas the value of pH after physical and biological treatment was found 8.43 and 7.22 respectively. The percentage reduction of 27.25 % was achieved. The finding of the present study are in agreement with GPCB standards (TABLE 2).
Total Suspended Solids (TSS): Suspended solid do not mean that they are floating matters and remain on top of water layer. They are under suspension and remain in water sample. Total suspended solids play an important role in water and waste water treatment. Their presence in water sample cause depletion of oxygen level. The TSS content in the effluent varied from 1732 to 1766 mg/l before treatment whereas after physical and biological treatment the values obtained were 1200 and 98 mg/l respectively. The percentage reduction of 94.45% was achieved. Similar result were observed by Chaudhari et al (2010)5. The TSS value in our study was 98 mg/l which were in accordance with the GPCB standards (TABLE 2). TSS is an important parameter for designing wastewater treatment plant and the length of time for which wastewater should be retained for primary treatment Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): The total solid concentration in waste effluent represents the colloidal form and dissolved species. The probable reason for the fluctuation of value of total solid and subsequent the value of dissolved solids due to content collision of these colloidal particles. The rate of collision of aggregated process is also influenced by PH of these effluents. The TDS content in the effluent varied from 1837 to 1858 mg/l before treatment whereas after physical and biological treatment the values obtained were 1459 and 1229 mg/l respectively. The percentage reduction of 33% was achieved.Both the value of TDS was within the limit of GPCB standards(TABLE 2). Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD): : The chemical oxygen demand test (COD) determines, the oxygen required for chemical oxidation of organic matter with the help of strong chemical oxidant. The COD is a test which is used to measure pollution of domestic and industrial waste. The waste is measure in terms of equality of oxygen required for oxidation of organic matter to produce CO2 and water. It is a fact that all organic compounds with a few exceptions can be oxidizing agents under the acidic condition. COD test is useful in pinpointing toxic condition and presence of biological resistant substances. For COD determination samples were preserved using H2SO4 and processed for COD determination after the entire sampling operation was complete. The CODof the effluent varied from 2013 to 2049 mg/l before treatment whereas after physical and biological treatment the values obtained were 1331 and 97 mg/l respectively. The percentage reduction of 95.26 % was achieved. Similar result observed by Chaudhari et al (2010). The value of COD after treatment was under GPCB standards(TABLE 2). Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD): For BOD5 samples were immediately processed after Collection for the determination of initial oxygen and incubated at 20 °C for 5 days for the determination of BOD5. The BOD of the effluent varied from 1362 to 1366 mg/l before treatment whereas after treatment the values obtained was 24 mg/l respectively. The percentage reduction of 94 % was achieved. Similar result observed by Chaudhari et al (2010).The value of BOD after treatment was under GPCB standards(TABLE 2). Table 1. Physico-chemical Parameter of Waste water
Collection Tank (CT)
Screening Chamber
Oil and Grease removal tank
Equilization Tank (ET)
Neutrilization Tank (NT)
Primary Clarifier (PC)
Aeration Tank (AT)
Secondary Clarifier (SC)
3. Pratiksinh Chavda Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 9( Version 3), September 2014, pp.37-40
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Table 2. Comparison between treated affluent characteristics and GPCB standards.
Following figures shows the comparison of treated effluent with GPCB standards.
Fig. 2 - pH value of the effluent
Fig. 3 – TSS value of the effluent with respect to GPCB Standard
Fig. 4 - TDS Value of effluent with respect to GPCB standard
Fig. 5 - COD value of effluent with respect to GPCB standard
Fig. 6 - BOD value of effluent with respect to GPCB standard Following table shows the overall efficiency of the effluent treatment plant.
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
Collection Tank
Primary Clarifier
Secondary Clarifier
Unit operation
pH
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Collection Tank
Primary Clarifier
Secondary Clarifier
mg/l
Unit operations
TSS
TSS
GPCB Standard
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Collection Tank
Primary Clarifier
Secondary Clarifier
mg/l
Unit operations
TDS
TDS
GPCB Standard
0
1000
2000
3000
Collection Tank
Primary Clarifier
Secondary Clarifier
mg/l
Unit operations
COD
COD
GPCB Standard
0
500
1000
1500
Collection Tank
Secondary Clarifier
mg/l
Unit Operations
BOD
BOD
GPCB Standard
Sr.No.
Parameter
(CT)
(PC)
(SC)
1.
pH
9.93
8.43
7.22
2.
TSS
1766
1200
98
3.
TDS
1858
1459
1229
4.
COD
2049
1331
97
5.
BOD
1366
24
Sr.No.
Parameter
GPCB standard
Treated effluent
1.
pH
6.5 to 8.5
7.22
2.
TSS
100
98
3.
TDS
2100
1229
4.
COD
100
97
5.
BOD
30
24
4. Pratiksinh Chavda Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 9( Version 3), September 2014, pp.37-40
www.ijera.com 40|P a g e
Table 3. Percentage reduction of various parameter
Sr.No.
Parameter
% reduction
1.
pH
27.25
2.
Total Suspended solids
94.45
3.
Total Dissolved Solids
33.86
4.
Chemical Oxygen Demand
95.26
5.
Biological Oxygen Demand
98.18
IV. Conclusion
Present study concerned with the performance evaluation of ETP for dairy industry and as per available 5 month data it can be concluded that, the overall performance of the effluent treatment plant was satisfactory. The individual units are also performing well and their removal efficiencies are satisfactory. The removal efficiency of total suspended solids was 94.45 %, COD removal efficiency was 95.26 % and BOD removal efficiency was 98.18 % this shows the capability of plant to withstand shock load. The treated effluent meet the GPCB standard for discharge in inland surface water hence it can be said that the plant is working efficiently. This treatment plant is high potential for BOD, TSS and COD removal. Thus this treatment Technology can be considered as a potential plant for Dairy wastewater treatment.
V. Acknowledgement
We would like to thank the management of the dairy industry for their support and cooperation during the study period. Reference [1] Eaton, A. D.Clesceri, L.S. and Greenberg, A. E, Standard method for the examination of water and wastewater(APHA, AWWA and WPCF,1995). [2] Panesar P.S., Rai R., Marwaha S.S. Biological treatment of dairy industry effluents. Asian J. Microbial Biotechnology Env. Sci. 1(1-2): 67- 72 [3] Harper, W.J., Implant control of dairy wastes. Food Tech.28, 50. (1974). [4] V.Yip,S.D.Amsfield and A.W.Hydamaka, J.Dairy Sci.79: 710-716 (1996). [5] Dipali chaudhari, R.M. Dhoble, Performance evaluation of effluent treatment of dairy industry, Current world environment,5(2), 2010, 373-378. [6] Hammer MJ,Water and wastewater technol. (third edition Prentice –hall. Inc, 1996).