The shoulder is a ball and joint connection of three bones - the clavicle, scapula, and humerus. It allows a wide range of motion but is stabilized by muscles like the rotator cuff. Common shoulder issues include rotator cuff tears, which can occur from age or overuse and cause pain and weakness, impingement syndrome from narrowing of spaces around tendons, and calcific tendinitis where calcium deposits form in tendons. Treatment ranges from rest, physiotherapy, and injections to surgery for severe or persistent cases.
The shoulder joint is formed by the rounded head of the humerus and the shallow glenoid cavity of the scapula. The joint is surrounded by a thin, lax capsule that allows a wide range of movement and is attached medially to the glenoid cavity and laterally to the humerus. Key muscles that act on the shoulder include the deltoid, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, and coracobrachialis. The shoulder allows for movements like flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and both medial and lateral rotation.
Joints of the upper limb by Dr. MemoOna HuzaifaHuzaifa Zahoor
The document discusses the anatomy and structure of several joints in the upper limb. It describes the sternoclavicular joint as a saddle type synovial joint covered in fibrocartilage that connects the clavicle to the manubrium. It moves in flexion, extension, rotation and circumduction. The acromioclavicular joint is a plane synovial joint between the clavicle and acromion stabilized by ligaments. The glenohumeral joint is a ball and socket joint with a shallow socket stabilized mainly by muscles like the rotator cuff. The scapulothoracic joint relies on surrounding muscles for mobility and is not a true synovial joint. The coracocl
The shoulder joint, or glenohumeral joint, is a ball and socket joint between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula. It is stabilized by ligaments like the capsular ligament and glenohumeral ligaments, with additional support from the rotator cuff muscles, labrum, and long head of the biceps. The joint contains the subscapular, subacromial, and infraspinatus bursae. It allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation powered by muscles like the deltoid, pectoralis major, and supraspinatus. The shoulder is prone to dislocations
anatomy of joints of upper limb
comment your suggestions ,
specially prepared for AHS students ,
its very easy to understand ,
keep learning ,
all the best ,
see you later .
The document summarizes common shoulder injuries and disorders. It describes:
1) The anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder complex and how movement relies on dynamic stabilization between the humerus and scapula.
2) Common injuries include fractures of the clavicle or humerus, sprains of the AC joint from direct impact, and anterior dislocations from forced arm positions.
3) Rotator cuff tears are also common and can cause pain in the arc of motion under the acromion. Frozen shoulder causes severe pain and stiffness from capsular inflammation.
This document provides an overview of the pectoral girdle for second year medical students, covering osteology, anatomy of joints, radiologic anatomy, and clinical considerations. It describes the anatomy of the clavicle, scapula, sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint, and shoulder joint. It also discusses a case report of a patient with bilateral sternoclavicular dislocations following a quad bike accident, which were initially missed on chest x-ray but later confirmed on CT scan. The document emphasizes the importance of thorough clinical examination and appropriate imaging for sternoclavicular joint injuries.
The glenohumeral joint, or shoulder joint, is a ball and socket synovial joint that connects the upper limb to the trunk. It has the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body. The ball is the head of the humerus and the socket is the glenoid cavity of the scapula. The joint is stabilized by ligaments including the coracohumeral ligament and strengthened anteriorly by the glenohumeral ligaments. It is supplied by nerves from the brachial plexus and blood vessels including the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries. Common injuries include anterior dislocation when the humeral head is forced anteriorly out of the joint. Rot
The shoulder is a ball and joint connection of three bones - the clavicle, scapula, and humerus. It allows a wide range of motion but is stabilized by muscles like the rotator cuff. Common shoulder issues include rotator cuff tears, which can occur from age or overuse and cause pain and weakness, impingement syndrome from narrowing of spaces around tendons, and calcific tendinitis where calcium deposits form in tendons. Treatment ranges from rest, physiotherapy, and injections to surgery for severe or persistent cases.
The shoulder joint is formed by the rounded head of the humerus and the shallow glenoid cavity of the scapula. The joint is surrounded by a thin, lax capsule that allows a wide range of movement and is attached medially to the glenoid cavity and laterally to the humerus. Key muscles that act on the shoulder include the deltoid, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, and coracobrachialis. The shoulder allows for movements like flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and both medial and lateral rotation.
Joints of the upper limb by Dr. MemoOna HuzaifaHuzaifa Zahoor
The document discusses the anatomy and structure of several joints in the upper limb. It describes the sternoclavicular joint as a saddle type synovial joint covered in fibrocartilage that connects the clavicle to the manubrium. It moves in flexion, extension, rotation and circumduction. The acromioclavicular joint is a plane synovial joint between the clavicle and acromion stabilized by ligaments. The glenohumeral joint is a ball and socket joint with a shallow socket stabilized mainly by muscles like the rotator cuff. The scapulothoracic joint relies on surrounding muscles for mobility and is not a true synovial joint. The coracocl
The shoulder joint, or glenohumeral joint, is a ball and socket joint between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula. It is stabilized by ligaments like the capsular ligament and glenohumeral ligaments, with additional support from the rotator cuff muscles, labrum, and long head of the biceps. The joint contains the subscapular, subacromial, and infraspinatus bursae. It allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation powered by muscles like the deltoid, pectoralis major, and supraspinatus. The shoulder is prone to dislocations
anatomy of joints of upper limb
comment your suggestions ,
specially prepared for AHS students ,
its very easy to understand ,
keep learning ,
all the best ,
see you later .
The document summarizes common shoulder injuries and disorders. It describes:
1) The anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder complex and how movement relies on dynamic stabilization between the humerus and scapula.
2) Common injuries include fractures of the clavicle or humerus, sprains of the AC joint from direct impact, and anterior dislocations from forced arm positions.
3) Rotator cuff tears are also common and can cause pain in the arc of motion under the acromion. Frozen shoulder causes severe pain and stiffness from capsular inflammation.
This document provides an overview of the pectoral girdle for second year medical students, covering osteology, anatomy of joints, radiologic anatomy, and clinical considerations. It describes the anatomy of the clavicle, scapula, sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint, and shoulder joint. It also discusses a case report of a patient with bilateral sternoclavicular dislocations following a quad bike accident, which were initially missed on chest x-ray but later confirmed on CT scan. The document emphasizes the importance of thorough clinical examination and appropriate imaging for sternoclavicular joint injuries.
The glenohumeral joint, or shoulder joint, is a ball and socket synovial joint that connects the upper limb to the trunk. It has the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body. The ball is the head of the humerus and the socket is the glenoid cavity of the scapula. The joint is stabilized by ligaments including the coracohumeral ligament and strengthened anteriorly by the glenohumeral ligaments. It is supplied by nerves from the brachial plexus and blood vessels including the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries. Common injuries include anterior dislocation when the humeral head is forced anteriorly out of the joint. Rot
This document provides information about the shoulder joint and shoulder dislocations. It discusses the anatomy of the shoulder joint, including the bones, ligaments, muscles and types of movements. It describes the most common type of shoulder dislocation as being anterior, where the head of the humerus is displaced in front of the glenoid cavity. Posterior and inferior dislocations are also discussed. Complications of shoulder dislocations include nerve damage, tendon injuries, ligament tears and rotator cuff injuries. Symptoms include severe pain, deformity, swelling and inability to move the arm. Causes typically involve falls or force applied to the outstretched arm.
The shoulder complex consists of 4 joints - the glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, and scapulothoracic joints. It involves the humerus, scapula, clavicle, ribs, and sternum bones. Key muscles are the pectoralis, deltoid, trapezius, serratus, and rhomboids. The glenohumeral joint is a ball-and-socket joint that allows great mobility. It connects the humeral head to the glenoid fossa. Ligaments like the coracohumeral and transverse humeral stabilize the joint, which also has bursae that reduce
Sterno-clavicular and acromio-clavicular jointAbid Hasan Khan
The document is a presentation about the sternoclavicular joint and the acromioclavicular joint. It defines the joints, describes their capsule properties and reinforcers like muscles and ligaments. It discusses the movements, physiological importance and common injuries of each joint. The presentation provides details on the anatomy and function of the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints.
Shoulder joint (Biomechanics, Anatomy, Kinesiology) by Muhammad Arslan Yasin,
Anatomy Of Shoulder Joint,
Muscles Of Shoulder Joint,
Biomechanics Of Shoulder Joint,
Common Injuries Of Shoulder Joint.
The sciatic nerve is the longest and largest nerve in the human body. It runs from the lower back through the back of the leg, and down to the toes. Any type of pain and/or neurological symptoms that are felt along the sciatic nerve is referred to as sciatica.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the acromioclavicular (AC) joint. The AC joint is a synovial joint between the lateral end of the clavicle and the acromion process of the scapula. It has articular surfaces lined with fibrocartilage and a partial articular disc. The joint is stabilized by the acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments. The coracoclavicular ligament is particularly strong and suspends the weight of the upper limb. Dislocation of the AC joint can occur from direct blows and falls on the shoulder.
1. The document discusses the embryology, anatomy, and movements of the shoulder joint. It describes the development of the limb buds and rotation of the upper limb.
2. Key anatomical structures around the shoulder are described, including muscles, ligaments, vascular structures, and bones. The shoulder joint is a multiaxial ball and socket synovial joint between the humerus and scapula.
3. Flexion, extension, abduction, medial/lateral rotation of the shoulder are explained. The roles of various muscles in producing these movements are provided.
The shoulder girdle consists of three bones - the clavicle, scapula, and humerus. It contains four joints - the sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, scapulothoracic, and glenohumeral joints. The glenohumeral joint is a ball and socket joint that allows for great mobility but also instability. During shoulder movements, the humerus, scapula, and clavicle move in coordinated patterns to provide both mobility and stability.
The elbow joint is a compound hinge joint formed by the articulation of the humerus, ulna, and radius. It allows flexion and extension movements and is stabilized by ligaments including the ulnar and radial collateral ligaments. Common injuries include strains, sprains, and tendonitis from overuse. Elbow dislocations can also occur from high force trauma. Olecranon bursitis presents as a swollen, inflamed bursa over the olecranon process. Cubital tunnel syndrome involves ulnar nerve impingement at the elbow.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the shoulder complex, including bones, articulations, ligaments, musculature, nerves, and blood supply. It then discusses functional anatomy, common injuries such as fractures, sprains, dislocations, and impingements. It also covers the phases of throwing mechanics and notable pitchers.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the shoulder joint. It describes the shoulder joint as a multi-axial ball and socket synovial joint between the humerus and scapula. It details the articular surfaces, ligaments, muscles involved in movement, blood and nerve supply, structures covered by the deltoid muscle, and clinical applications. The rotator cuff is formed by four muscles that stabilize the humeral head in the glenoid cavity.
This document summarizes the anatomy of the shoulder and approaches for shoulder surgery. It describes:
1) The bones, muscles, ligaments and joints of the shoulder including the humerus, glenoid fossa, rotator cuff muscles, labrum and key landmarks.
2) Six surgical approaches to the shoulder - anterior, anterolateral, lateral, minimal access, posterior and anterior arthroscopic.
3) The anterior approach in detail, including patient positioning, incision along the deltopectoral groove, identification of landmarks like the coracoid process, and layer-by-layer dissection of muscles like the deltoid, pectoralis major and subscap
Seminar clinical anatomy of upper limb joints and musclesQuan Fu Gan
This is not all, there are many more clinical anatomy in terms of condition such as Popeye Deformity with are not included here and Special Test such as Neer's Impingement and Hawkins Kennedy etc... with touches on the upper limb muscles and joints. Also not forgotten Long tendon test and so forth. In general, this is just a simplified slides. Tq
The wrist joint, also known as the radiocarpal joint, is a complex synovial joint that involves the distal end of the radius, articular disc, and three carpal bones. It allows for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction movements and is supplied by branches of the median, radial, and ulnar nerves. Common injuries to the wrist joint include fractures of the scaphoid bone and Colles' fracture of the radius.
The shoulder joint is a ball and socket joint formed between the head of the humerus bone and the glenoid fossa of the scapula. It allows for a great range of motion and is stabilized by muscles like the rotator cuff. During tennis, the shoulder undergoes flexion, extension, and adduction motions from swinging the racquet and serving, placing stress on the joint and rotator cuff muscles. Injuries can occur from overuse, so proper form and rest are important.
introduction about joints, types of joints . joints are present with in upper limb, movements of all joints and finally with clinical correlation of all joints.
The document summarizes the major bones that make up the appendicular and axial skeleton. It describes the bones of the upper limb (shoulder blade, arm bones, wrist, hand), lower limb (thigh bone, shin bones, ankle, foot), pelvis, skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. It provides details on the structures and landmarks of each bone.
2. shoulder joint & its applied anatomy 07[1]MBBS IMS MSU
The shoulder joint is a synovial ball-and-socket joint between the head of the humerus bone and the shallow glenoid cavity of the scapula. It has a thin, lax capsule strengthened by rotator cuff muscles and ligaments. The joint allows wide range of movement including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation, and circumduction. It is prone to dislocations, especially anterior dislocations, due to its anatomy. Recurrent dislocations often require surgical repair to reattach the capsular ligaments.
the joint connecting an upper limb or forelimb to the body. It is a ball-and-socket joint in which the head of the humerus fits into the socket of the scapula.
This document discusses the anatomy and clinical assessment of the rotator cuff. It describes the four muscles that make up the rotator cuff, their innervation and attachments. Common rotator cuff injuries like impingement syndrome and ruptures are explained. The physical exam involves assessing range of motion and performing special tests like Neer's, Hawkins-Kennedy, and lift-off to identify injuries.
This document provides information about the shoulder joint and shoulder dislocations. It discusses the anatomy of the shoulder joint, including the bones, ligaments, muscles and types of movements. It describes the most common type of shoulder dislocation as being anterior, where the head of the humerus is displaced in front of the glenoid cavity. Posterior and inferior dislocations are also discussed. Complications of shoulder dislocations include nerve damage, tendon injuries, ligament tears and rotator cuff injuries. Symptoms include severe pain, deformity, swelling and inability to move the arm. Causes typically involve falls or force applied to the outstretched arm.
The shoulder complex consists of 4 joints - the glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, and scapulothoracic joints. It involves the humerus, scapula, clavicle, ribs, and sternum bones. Key muscles are the pectoralis, deltoid, trapezius, serratus, and rhomboids. The glenohumeral joint is a ball-and-socket joint that allows great mobility. It connects the humeral head to the glenoid fossa. Ligaments like the coracohumeral and transverse humeral stabilize the joint, which also has bursae that reduce
Sterno-clavicular and acromio-clavicular jointAbid Hasan Khan
The document is a presentation about the sternoclavicular joint and the acromioclavicular joint. It defines the joints, describes their capsule properties and reinforcers like muscles and ligaments. It discusses the movements, physiological importance and common injuries of each joint. The presentation provides details on the anatomy and function of the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints.
Shoulder joint (Biomechanics, Anatomy, Kinesiology) by Muhammad Arslan Yasin,
Anatomy Of Shoulder Joint,
Muscles Of Shoulder Joint,
Biomechanics Of Shoulder Joint,
Common Injuries Of Shoulder Joint.
The sciatic nerve is the longest and largest nerve in the human body. It runs from the lower back through the back of the leg, and down to the toes. Any type of pain and/or neurological symptoms that are felt along the sciatic nerve is referred to as sciatica.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the acromioclavicular (AC) joint. The AC joint is a synovial joint between the lateral end of the clavicle and the acromion process of the scapula. It has articular surfaces lined with fibrocartilage and a partial articular disc. The joint is stabilized by the acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments. The coracoclavicular ligament is particularly strong and suspends the weight of the upper limb. Dislocation of the AC joint can occur from direct blows and falls on the shoulder.
1. The document discusses the embryology, anatomy, and movements of the shoulder joint. It describes the development of the limb buds and rotation of the upper limb.
2. Key anatomical structures around the shoulder are described, including muscles, ligaments, vascular structures, and bones. The shoulder joint is a multiaxial ball and socket synovial joint between the humerus and scapula.
3. Flexion, extension, abduction, medial/lateral rotation of the shoulder are explained. The roles of various muscles in producing these movements are provided.
The shoulder girdle consists of three bones - the clavicle, scapula, and humerus. It contains four joints - the sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, scapulothoracic, and glenohumeral joints. The glenohumeral joint is a ball and socket joint that allows for great mobility but also instability. During shoulder movements, the humerus, scapula, and clavicle move in coordinated patterns to provide both mobility and stability.
The elbow joint is a compound hinge joint formed by the articulation of the humerus, ulna, and radius. It allows flexion and extension movements and is stabilized by ligaments including the ulnar and radial collateral ligaments. Common injuries include strains, sprains, and tendonitis from overuse. Elbow dislocations can also occur from high force trauma. Olecranon bursitis presents as a swollen, inflamed bursa over the olecranon process. Cubital tunnel syndrome involves ulnar nerve impingement at the elbow.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the shoulder complex, including bones, articulations, ligaments, musculature, nerves, and blood supply. It then discusses functional anatomy, common injuries such as fractures, sprains, dislocations, and impingements. It also covers the phases of throwing mechanics and notable pitchers.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the shoulder joint. It describes the shoulder joint as a multi-axial ball and socket synovial joint between the humerus and scapula. It details the articular surfaces, ligaments, muscles involved in movement, blood and nerve supply, structures covered by the deltoid muscle, and clinical applications. The rotator cuff is formed by four muscles that stabilize the humeral head in the glenoid cavity.
This document summarizes the anatomy of the shoulder and approaches for shoulder surgery. It describes:
1) The bones, muscles, ligaments and joints of the shoulder including the humerus, glenoid fossa, rotator cuff muscles, labrum and key landmarks.
2) Six surgical approaches to the shoulder - anterior, anterolateral, lateral, minimal access, posterior and anterior arthroscopic.
3) The anterior approach in detail, including patient positioning, incision along the deltopectoral groove, identification of landmarks like the coracoid process, and layer-by-layer dissection of muscles like the deltoid, pectoralis major and subscap
Seminar clinical anatomy of upper limb joints and musclesQuan Fu Gan
This is not all, there are many more clinical anatomy in terms of condition such as Popeye Deformity with are not included here and Special Test such as Neer's Impingement and Hawkins Kennedy etc... with touches on the upper limb muscles and joints. Also not forgotten Long tendon test and so forth. In general, this is just a simplified slides. Tq
The wrist joint, also known as the radiocarpal joint, is a complex synovial joint that involves the distal end of the radius, articular disc, and three carpal bones. It allows for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction movements and is supplied by branches of the median, radial, and ulnar nerves. Common injuries to the wrist joint include fractures of the scaphoid bone and Colles' fracture of the radius.
The shoulder joint is a ball and socket joint formed between the head of the humerus bone and the glenoid fossa of the scapula. It allows for a great range of motion and is stabilized by muscles like the rotator cuff. During tennis, the shoulder undergoes flexion, extension, and adduction motions from swinging the racquet and serving, placing stress on the joint and rotator cuff muscles. Injuries can occur from overuse, so proper form and rest are important.
introduction about joints, types of joints . joints are present with in upper limb, movements of all joints and finally with clinical correlation of all joints.
The document summarizes the major bones that make up the appendicular and axial skeleton. It describes the bones of the upper limb (shoulder blade, arm bones, wrist, hand), lower limb (thigh bone, shin bones, ankle, foot), pelvis, skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. It provides details on the structures and landmarks of each bone.
2. shoulder joint & its applied anatomy 07[1]MBBS IMS MSU
The shoulder joint is a synovial ball-and-socket joint between the head of the humerus bone and the shallow glenoid cavity of the scapula. It has a thin, lax capsule strengthened by rotator cuff muscles and ligaments. The joint allows wide range of movement including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation, and circumduction. It is prone to dislocations, especially anterior dislocations, due to its anatomy. Recurrent dislocations often require surgical repair to reattach the capsular ligaments.
the joint connecting an upper limb or forelimb to the body. It is a ball-and-socket joint in which the head of the humerus fits into the socket of the scapula.
This document discusses the anatomy and clinical assessment of the rotator cuff. It describes the four muscles that make up the rotator cuff, their innervation and attachments. Common rotator cuff injuries like impingement syndrome and ruptures are explained. The physical exam involves assessing range of motion and performing special tests like Neer's, Hawkins-Kennedy, and lift-off to identify injuries.
The document describes the anatomy and biomechanics of the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint. It discusses the joint's articulating surfaces, ligaments, muscles, and neurovasculature that allow for its wide range of motion. It also notes the joint's inherent instability due to disproportionate bone surfaces and its susceptibility to anterior dislocation when excessive forces are applied. Common injuries like rotator cuff tendinitis and impingement are explained. The key takeaway is that the shoulder joint has great mobility but low stability, making it prone to dislocation, especially anteriorly into the weak anterior-inferior joint capsule.
The shoulder joint consists of three bones and three joints. It has a ball and socket configuration that allows for movement in multiple axes. The joint is supported by strong ligaments and muscles like the rotator cuff. Common conditions affecting the shoulder include tendonitis, bursitis, and instability from injuries like dislocations. Pain arises from damage to joint structures innervated by nerves like the axillary nerve.
The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket joint formed between the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula. It has greater mobility but less stability than other joints. The joint is supported by ligaments, tendons of the rotator cuff muscles, and a loose fibrous capsule that allows for its wide range of motion. The glenohumeral joint works together with scapulothoracic movements in a rhythm during arm elevation.
The shoulder joint is comprised of three bones and three joints: the scapula, clavicle, and humerus. It allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, external rotation, and internal rotation. Stability is provided by ligaments like the glenohumeral ligament and muscles like the rotator cuff. Common injuries include dislocations, rotator cuff tears, and tendonitis which can cause pain and limited mobility.
The shoulder joint is formed by the rounded head of the humerus articulating with the shallow glenoid cavity of the scapula. It is stabilized by the rotator cuff muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis) and ligaments. The shoulder allows for flexion, extension, abduction, circumduction, lateral rotation, and medial rotation through actions of the deltoid, rotator cuff, and other muscles. The shoulder joint is vulnerable to inferior dislocations which can damage the axillary nerve and radial nerve. Blood supply comes from branches of the subclavian and axillary arteries.
This document provides information on painful arc syndrome, also known as impingement syndrome. It begins with an introduction that describes the rotator cuff muscles and how the supraspinatus tendon can impinge on the acromion bone. It then defines impingement syndrome and lists common signs and symptoms such as pain when lifting the arm overhead. Causes include bony spurs and thickening of tissues that narrow the space for the tendon. Diagnosis involves physical exams like the Neer and Hawkins-Kennedy tests. Treatment options progress from rest, medication and physical therapy to corticosteroid injections and surgery if conservative measures fail.
Shoulder impingement syndrome is caused by compression of the rotator cuff tendons beneath the acromion. It has 3 stages and can be treated initially with rest, physical therapy including stretching and strengthening, and corticosteroid injections. For persistent cases, surgery such as acromioplasty may be considered to repair tears and enlarge the subacromial space. Physical therapy aims to reduce pain and inflammation, improve range of motion, normalize muscle strength, and enhance proprioception.
This topic is related to the joints.
it is a type of synovial joint.
it is a ball and socket type.
This is very sensative joint and easy to have fracture to this part.
The document summarizes the clinical examination of the shoulder, including:
1. The shoulder is made up of 4 joints - the sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, glenohumeral, and scapulothoracic joints.
2. Inspection, palpation, and range of motion tests are used to examine the shoulder region.
3. Neurological examination assesses muscles innervated by specific nerves through strength and range of motion tests.
The document discusses meniscal injuries and pathology. It provides information on the anatomy and function of the menisci, as well as types of meniscal tears. The diagnosis of meniscal tears involves taking a history of the injury and examining for symptoms like joint line tenderness, effusion, and a locking sensation. Investigations may include x-rays, MRI, arthrography and arthroscopy. Treatment options discussed include non-surgical management for minor tears and surgical repair or resection for larger tears.
The document discusses the muscles and joints of the shoulder region. It identifies the major muscles that connect the upper extremity to the scapula, thoracic wall, and shoulder joint. These include the trapezius, deltoid, rotator cuff muscles, and others. It then describes the shoulder joint as a ball-and-socket synovial joint between the humerus and scapula. The joint is stabilized by ligaments and muscles but is also inherently unstable. A wide range of motion is possible at the joint, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. Blood supply to the region is provided by several arterial anastomoses around the scapula.
This document discusses ultrasound evaluation of the shoulder. It begins with shoulder anatomy including the ball and socket glenohumeral joint formed by the humerus, scapula, and clavicle. It describes scanning techniques for evaluating the rotator cuff muscles, long head of the biceps tendon, subscapularis tendon, supraspinatus tendon, rotator interval, acromioclavicular joint, and impingement testing. Common pathologies like rotator cuff tears, biceps tendon subluxation, tendinosis, calcific tendinitis, and labral cysts are described. Examples of departmental cases demonstrate ultrasound findings of biceps
The document summarizes the bones that make up the skeleton of the upper limb. It describes the pectoral girdle which includes the clavicle and scapula. It then details each of the bones of the free part of the upper limb including the humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals and phalanges. For each bone, it outlines the key anatomical features, processes, surfaces and clinical implications such as common sites of fracture.
This document describes the scapula, brachium (humerus), and associated muscles. It includes:
1. Descriptions of bone markings on the scapula like the coracoid process and acromion process, as well as the glenoid cavity.
2. Descriptions of bone markings on the humerus including the greater and lesser tubercles, trochlea, and epicondyles.
3. Details about muscle attachments to these bones like the supraspinatus originating on the supraglenoid tubercle.
4. Information about the blood supply including arteries like the suprascapular artery, and veins following the arterial drainage patterns.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the elbow joint, radioulnar joints, wrist joint, and joints of the hand and fingers. It describes the articulations, types of joints, ligaments, movements, and important relations of these joints. Clinical notes are also provided on common injuries to these joints such as elbow dislocations and fractures of the distal radius.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the elbow joint and related structures. It describes the articulations, ligaments, movements, innervation and clinical notes of the elbow joint, proximal and distal radioulnar joints, wrist joint, intercarpal joints, carpometacarpal joints, metacarpophalangeal joints and carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. Diagrams are included to illustrate key anatomical structures and relationships.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
3. The articular surfaces are covered by hyaline cartilage.
The glenoid cavity is deepened by the presence of a
fibrocartilaginous rim called the glenoid labrum.
3
5. FIBROUS CAPSULE
The fibrous capsule surrounds the joint and is attached:
Medially to the margin of the glenoid cavity outside the labrum;
Laterally to the anatomic neck of the humerus.
The capsule is thin and lax, allowing a wide range of
movement.
5
6. LIGAMENTS
6
1. The glenohumeral
ligaments are three
weak bands of fibrous
tissue that strengthen
the front of the capsule.
2. The transverse
humeral ligament
strengthens the
capsule and bridges
the gap between the
two humeral
tuberosities.
3. The coracohumeral ligament
strengthens the capsule from
above and stretches from the root
of the coracoid process to the
greater tuberosity of the humerus.
Accessory ligaments:
The coracoacromial ligament
extends between the coracoid process
and the acromion. Its function is to
protect the superior aspect of the
joint.
7. SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE
It lines the fibrous
capsule.
It is attached to
the margins of
the cartilage
covering the
articular surfaces.
It forms a tubular
sheath around the
tendon of the long
head of the biceps
brachii.
It extends
through the
anterior wall of
the capsule to
form the
subscapularis
bursa beneath the
subscapularis
muscle.
7
9. Flexion
Extension
9
• Abduction
• Adduction
• Lateral rotation
• Medial rotation
Circumduction
The following movements
are possible:
10. Flexion
Normal flexion
is about 90°
It is performed
by the:
1. Anterior fibers of
the deltoid
2. Pectoralis major
3. Biceps brachii
4. Coracobrachialis
10
12. Abduction:
Abduction of the upper limb occurs both at the shoulder joint and
between the scapula and the thoracic wall.
It is initiated by supraspinatus from 0 to 18
Then from 19 to 120 by the middle fibers of the deltoid.
Then above 90 by rotation of the scapula by 2 muscles ( Trapezius &
S.A..)
12
13. The supraspinatus muscle:
initiates the movement of abduction(from 0 to 19) and
holds the head of the humerus against the glenoid fossa of the
scapula;
This latter function of the supraspinatus allows the
deltoid muscle to contract and abduct the humerus at
the shoulder joint.
13
14. Adduction:
Normally the upper
limb can be swung
45° across the front
of the chest.
This is performed
by:
1. pectoralis major
2. latissimus dorsi
3. teres major
4. teres minor
14
15. Lateral rotation:
Normal lateral
rotation is about
40 to 45°.
This is
performed by
the:
1. infraspinatus
2. teres minor
3. the posterior
fibers of the
deltoid muscle
15
16. Medial rotation:
Normal medial
rotation is about
55°.
This is performed
by the:
1. subscapularis
2. latissimus dorsi
3. teres major
4. anterior fibers of
the deltoid.
16
17. Circumduction:
This is a movement in
which the distal end
of the humerus
moves in circular
motion while the
proximal end
remains stable
It is formed by
flexion,
abduction,
extension and
adduction.
Successively
17
21. Inferiorly:
21
1. the long head of
the triceps muscle
2. the axillary nerve
3. the posterior circumflex
humeral vessels
22. The long head of the biceps brachii originates from the
supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula,
It is intracapsular but extrasynovial
It's tendon passes through the shoulder joint and emerges
beneath the transverse humeral ligament.
Inside the joint, the tendon is surrounded by a separate
tubular sheath of the synovial capsule.
22
23. Abduction involves
rotation of the scapula as
well as movement at the
shoulder joint.
For every 3° of abduction
of the arm, a 2° abduction
occurs in the shoulder
joint and a 1° abduction
occurs by rotation of the
scapula.
At about 120° of abduction
of the arm, the greater
tuberosity of the humerus
impinges on lateral border
of coraco-acromial arch.
Further elevation of the
arm above the head
accomplished by rotating
the scapula.
23
25. STABILITY OF THE SHOULDER JOINT
This joint is unstable because of the:
shallowness of the glenoid fossa
weak ligaments
Its strength almost entirely depends on the tone of the rotator cuff muscles.
The tendons of these muscles are fused to the underlying capsule of the shoulder
joint.
The least supported part of the joint lies in the inferior location, where it
is unprotected by muscles.
25
26. DISLOCATIONS OF THE SHOULDER JOINT
Anterior-Inferior
Dislocation
Sudden violence
applied to the
humerus with the
joint fully abducted
pushes the
humeral head
downward onto the
inferior weak part
of the capsule,
which tears, and
the humeral head
comes to lie
inferior to the
glenoid fossa.
26
The shoulder joint is the most
commonly dislocated large joint.
27. A subglenoid displacement of the head of the humerus into the
quadrangular space can cause damage to the axillary nerve.
This is indicated by paralysis of the deltoid muscle and loss of
skin sensation over the lower half of the deltoid.
Downward displacement of the humerus can also stretch and
damage the radial nerve.
27
Wrist drop
32. Lesions that are commonly seen with an anterior dislocation
include the Hill-Sachs fracture and the Bankart fracture.
A Hill-Sachs fracture is a fracture of the humeral head. It occurs
along the posterior and superior aspect and is caused by the
impaction of the humeral head on the inferior aspect of the
glenoid process.
A Bankart fracture is caused by the same mechanism, but it is
a fracture of the inferior aspect of the glenoid process.
33.
34.
35.
36. ROTATOR CUFF
TENDINITIS
Lesions of the rotator cuff are
a common cause of pain in
the shoulder region.
Excessive overhead
activity of the upper limb
may be the cause of
tendinitis, although many
cases appear spontaneously.
During abduction of the
shoulder joint, the
supraspinatus tendon is
exposed to friction against
the acromion.
Under normal conditions the
amount of friction is reduced
to a minimum by the large
subacromial bursa, which
extends laterally beneath the
deltoid.
36
37. Degenerative changes in the bursa are followed by degenerative changes in
the underlying supraspinatus tendon, and these may extend into the other
tendons of the rotator cuff.
Clinically, the condition is known as subacromial bursitis,
supraspinatus tendinitis, or pericapsulitis.
It is characterized by the presence of a spasm of pain in the middle
range of abduction when the diseased area impinges on the acromion.
37
39. RUPTURE OF THE SUPRASPINATUS TENDON
In advanced cases of rotator cuff
tendinitis, the necrotic supraspinatus
tendon can become calcified or rupture.
39
40. Rupture of the tendon seriously interferes with the normal
abduction movement of the shoulder joint.
The main function of the supraspinatus muscle is to hold the head of
the humerus in the glenoid fossa at the commencement of abduction.
The patient with a ruptured supraspinatus tendon is unable to
initiate abduction of the arm.
However, if the arm is passively assisted for the first 15° of
abduction, the deltoid can then take over and complete the
movement to a right angle.
40
41. SHOULDER PAIN
The synovial membrane, capsule, and ligaments of the shoulder joint are
innervated by the axillary nerve and the suprascapular nerve.
The joint is sensitive to pain, pressure, excessive traction, and distension.
The muscles surrounding the joint undergo reflex spasm in response to
pain originating in the joint, which in turn serves to immobilize the joint
and thus reduce the pain.
Injury to the shoulder joint is followed by pain, limitation of movement, and
muscle atrophy owing to disuse.
41
43. BRANCHES FROM THE SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY
43
The
suprascapular
artery, (branch
from 1st part of
subclavian artery)
distributed to the
supraspinous and
infraspinous fossae
of the scapula.
The superficial
cervical artery,
which gives off a
deep branch that
runs down the
medial border of the
scapula.
44. BRANCHES FROM THE AXILLARY ARTERY
44
The subscapular
artery and its
circumflex scapular
branch supply the
subscapular and
infraspinous fossae of the
scapula.
The anterior &
posterior circumflex
humeral artery.
Both the circumflex
arteries form an
anastomosing circle
around the surgical neck
of the humerus.
46. LIGATION OF THE AXILLARY
ARTERY
46
The existence of the
anastomosis around
the shoulder joint is
vital to preserving the
upper limb if it
should it be necessary
to ligate the axillary
artery.
47. MCQ
Which of the following is NOT a rotator cuff muscle
A. Supraspinatus
B. Infraspinatus
C. Teres major
D. Subscapularis
48. MCQ
Abduction of shoulder joint is initiated by :
A. supraspinatus
B. infraspinatus
C. trapezius
D. subscapularis
49. MCQ
Which part of deltoid muscle is involved only in
shoulder joint abduction ?
Anterior fibres
Posterior fibres
Middle fibres
All fibres
50. MCQ
Which two rotator cuff muscles laterally rotate the
arm at the shoulder?
A.Infraspinatus and subscapularis
B.Supraspinatus and infraspinatus
C.Teres Minor and Infraspinatus
D.Teres minor and Subscapularis
51. MCQ
Medial rotation of arm at shoulder
joint is performed by all the muscles
except :
1. subscapularis
2.latissimus dorsi
3.teres minor
4.anterior fibers of the deltoid.