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802.11n - Increased Speed Increased Complexity
The document discusses the advancements and complexities of the 802.11n wireless networking standard, including features like MIMO, channel bonding, and frame aggregation which enhance speed but increase operational intricacies. It emphasizes the importance of using 802.11n features for effective network management and analysis in various real-world environments, particularly in educational institutions. Additionally, it provides an overview of company capabilities in network monitoring and analysis tools to support the deployment of this technology.
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802.11n - Increased Speed Increased Complexity
- 1. 802.11n Increased Speed, Increased Complexity Jay Botelho Show us your tweets! Director of Product Management Use today’s webinar hashtag: WildPackets jbotelho@wildpackets.com #wp_80211n Follow me @jaybotelho with any questions, comments, or feedback. Follow us @wildpackets © WildPackets, Inc. www.wildpackets.com
- 2. Agenda • 802.11n – Evolution or Revolution? • Features vs. Performance vs. Complexity • 3-Stream – How Available Is It? • Employing 802.11n Features • Monitoring and Analysis in Mixed Environments • Company Overview • Product Line Overview 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 2
- 3. 802.11n – Evolutionor Revolution? © WildPackets, Inc. www.wildpackets.com
- 4. 802.11n – Evolutionvs. Revolution? • MIMO: Multiple Input – Multiple Output • Channel Bonding • Aggregation and Block Acknowledgements • Short Guard Interval (SGI) • Beam Forming 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 4
- 5. Example – PurdueUniversity • "The management of our wireless network, when you boil it down, is three people. It's three busy people, but not three suicidal people." - Scott Ksander, Executive Director of Networks and Security • 6,000 802.11n APs, 265 buildings, 10,000 users • Using a controller-based architecture is a must • Uses Cisco software for centralized monitoring but requires specific trouble-shooting tools for the field • 11n is a must – Purdue learned the hard way that large lecture halls with 802.11bg APs could not tolerate 600 students logging in at the same time Source: http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/news/article/0,289142,sid7_gci1373978,00.html 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 5
- 6. The Real Worldat Liberty University • Multi-channel, IP-based video (IPTV) over wireless • Provide roaming students with universal access to multi-channel video • Delivery of 15 live TV channels • Liberty's campus channel as well as ABC, CBS, CNN, ESPN, FOX, NBC, and a range of other broadcasters • Serves 46,000 local/remote students and 2,600 FTEs • Network includes more than 770 Aruba 802.11n access points Source: http://www.marketwire.com/press-release/Liberty-University-Launches-Campus-Wide-Wireless- IPTV-Using-80211n-Wi-Fi-From-Aruba-NASDAQ-ARUN-1069662.htm 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 6
- 7. MIMO Multiple Input, Multiple Output TX RX TX RX 01110001010 01110001010 10010001010 11110001010 00000001010 • Multipath reduces the • Multipath still exists, but it signal strength of the data is also leveraged to send transmission multiple, independent data • A second antenna is used streams for ―spatial diversity‖ • Essentially 4x the throughput 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 7
- 8. Channel Bonding • Createsa single 40 MHz channel from two adjacent 20 MHz channels ‒ More than doubles effective data rate ‒ 802.11n can use both 20 MHz or 40 MHz channels in both the 2.4 or 5 GHz band http://wifijedi.com/2009/01/25/how-stuff-works-channel-bonding/ 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 8
- 9. Aggregation • A-MSDU • A-MPDU ‒ Single MAC frame, multiple PDU ‒ Multiple MAC frames (Protocol Data Units) ‒ Each MPDU encrypted/decrypted individually ‒ Processed by MAC layer as single entity ‒ Requires Block Acknowledgement ‒ De-aggregation required by receiver http://mnet.cs.nthu.edu.tw/paper/tmlin/050923.pdf 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 9
- 10. Block Acknowledgements • Borrows ―windowing‖ technique from TCP/IP • Acknowledges multiple frames with a single ACK • Missing frames are retransmitted • Can significantly reduce management overhead 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 10
- 11. Other Techniques • ShortGuard Interval (SGI) ‒ Guard interval: Amount of time between transmissions, needed to prevent transmission overlap ‒ 802.11/a/b/g use 800 nanosecond guard interval ‒ SGI reduces the guard interval to 400 nanoseconds – 11% performance improvement • Beam Forming ‒ Optional part of 802.11n – not widely used yet ‒ Antenna arrays used to focus signal on area where receiver is located ‒ Transmitter must keep track of where receiver is located 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 11
- 12. Features vs. Performancevs. Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. www.wildpackets.com
- 13. Performance Per Feature • MIMO • Channel Bonding • Block Acknowledgements • Aggregation • Short Guard Interval • Beam Forming Aruba Networks, 2008 802.11n – Are You Seeing It All? 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 13
- 14. By The Numbers http://www.bitcricket.com/downloads/Inside%20802.11n%20Wireless%20LANs.pdf 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 14
- 15. Down To TheDetails (1, 2-Stream) Data rate (Mbit/s) MCS Spatial Modulation Coding 20 MHz channel 40 MHz channel index streams type rate 800 ns GI 400 ns GI 800 ns GI 400 ns GI 0 1 BPSK 1/2 6.50 7.20 13.50 15.00 1 1 QPSK 1/2 13.00 14.40 27.00 30.00 2 1 QPSK 3/4 19.50 21.70 40.50 45.00 3 1 16-QAM 1/2 26.00 28.90 54.00 60.00 4 1 16-QAM 3/4 39.00 43.30 81.00 90.00 5 1 64-QAM 2/3 52.00 57.80 108.00 120.00 6 1 64-QAM 3/4 58.50 65.00 121.50 135.00 7 1 64-QAM 5/6 65.00 72.20 135.00 150.00 8 2 BPSK 1/2 13.00 14.40 27.00 30.00 9 2 QPSK 1/2 26.00 28.90 54.00 60.00 10 2 QPSK 3/4 39.00 43.30 81.00 90.00 11 2 16-QAM 1/2 52.00 57.80 108.00 120.00 12 2 16-QAM 3/4 78.00 86.70 162.00 180.00 13 2 64-QAM 2/3 104.00 115.60 216.00 240.00 14 2 64-QAM 3/4 117.00 130.00 243.00 270.00 15 2 64-QAM 5/6 130.00 144.40 270.00 300.00 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11n-2009 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 15
- 16. Down To TheDetails (3, 4-Stream) Data rate (Mbit/s) MCS Spatial Modulation Coding 20 MHz channel 40 MHz channel index streams type rate 800 ns GI 400 ns GI 800 ns GI 400 ns GI 16 3 BPSK 1/2 19.50 21.70 40.50 45.00 17 3 QPSK 1/2 39.00 43.30 81.00 90.00 18 3 QPSK 3/4 58.50 65.00 121.50 135.00 19 3 16-QAM 1/2 78.00 86.70 162.00 180.00 20 3 16-QAM 3/4 117.00 130.70 243.00 270.00 21 3 64-QAM 2/3 156.00 173.30 324.00 360.00 22 3 64-QAM 3/4 175.50 195.00 364.50 405.00 23 3 64-QAM 5/6 195.00 216.70 405.00 450.00 24 4 BPSK 1/2 26.00 28.80 54.00 60.00 25 4 QPSK 1/2 52.00 57.60 108.00 120.00 26 4 QPSK 3/4 78.00 86.80 162.00 180.00 27 4 16-QAM 1/2 104.00 115.60 216.00 240.00 28 4 16-QAM 3/4 156.00 173.20 324.00 360.00 29 4 64-QAM 2/3 208.00 231.20 432.00 480.00 30 4 64-QAM 3/4 234.00 260.00 486.00 540.00 31 4 64-QAM 5/6 260.00 288.80 540.00 600.00 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11n-2009 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 16
- 17. 3-Stream – HowAvailable Is It? © WildPackets, Inc. www.wildpackets.com
- 18. The Secret of―NxM‖ • Each MIMO system is defined with NxM antenna matrix ‒ N = # of Transmit antennas ‒ M = # of Receive antennas ‒ Ex. 3x3 AP means 3 transmit and 3 receive antenna ‒ The word chain is used to define this radio/antenna combination • Each transmit antenna can transmit a uniquely encoded data stream called a Spatial Stream (SS) ‒ Spatial streams sometimes written as “:x” ‒ 3x3:2 == 3 TX antennas, 3 RX antennas, 2 streams • A system with N chains can support a maximum of N spatial steams 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 18
- 19. What Are AllThese Antennas For? • All antennas are equal, and do the same thing ‒ All antennas transmit ‒ All antennas receive ‒ All antennas serve the same bands • Some antennas may transmit data (streams) while some may be used for spatial diversity • Some vendors have separate antennas for each band ‒ 5GHz and 2.4GHz are separated • Some vendors have dual-band antennas 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 19
- 20. Choosing a WirelessAdapter for Capture • Every value in ―NxM:x‖ is critical ‒ N = # of Transmit antennas = same as most capable AP ‒ M = # of Receive antennas = same as most capable AP ‒ :x = # of Streams = same as most capable AP • A 3x3:2 wireless adapter (the most commonly available today) CANNOT capture 3x3:3 traffic • A 3x3:3 wireless adapter CAN capture 3x3:2 traffic 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 20
- 21. Availability • Must distinguishbetween APs and wireless adapters • ―NxM‖ = 3x3 is pretty easy to find ‒ Both for APs and wireless adapters • 3x3:3 is difficult to find ‒ Look for 450 MHz throughput – not many out there ‒ APs are a bit easier to find ‒ Wireless adapters are much more difficult to find • Form factor is also an issue ‒ PCIe cards (internal laptop adapters) will be first to market ‒ USB devices coming slowly – power is an issue in “:3” devices 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 21
- 22. Available External Wi-FiAdapters 2 3-Stream? 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 22
- 23. Available APs 13 3-Stream? 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 23
- 24. Employing 802.11n Features © WildPackets, Inc. www.wildpackets.com
- 25. Jay’s Recommendations 802.11n Feature Greenfield Mixed Upgrade Deployment 2-Stream 3-Stream 40MHz (Channel Bonding) * 5 GHz Only Aggregation (AMPDU/AMSDU) ** ** Short Guard Interval ** ** Beam Forming * Remember, you probably have neighbors ** This may not be something you can control 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 25
- 26. Monitoring and Analysisin 11n Environments © WildPackets, Inc. www.wildpackets.com
- 27. Greenfield 802.11n • Completelyunderstand your environment ‒ Greenfield …, really? ‒ NxM:x – both for all APs and all wireless clients ‒ Usage of channel bonding, aggregation, etc. • Assess availability of hardware available for wireless data capture ‒ Must cover cross-section of AP and client NxM:x ‒ Sensitivity of wireless adapters used for capture ‒ External antenna connections are beneficial • Choose data capture parameters that match your environment 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 27
- 28. Mixed Environments • Completelyunderstand your environment ‒ Greenfield …, really? ‒ NxM:x – both for all APs and all wireless clients ‒ Usage of channel bonding, aggregation, etc. • Assess availability of hardware available for wireless data capture ‒ Must cover cross-section of AP and client NxM:x ‒ Sensitivity of wireless adapters used for capture ‒ External antenna connections are beneficial • Choose data capture parameters that match your environment 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 28
- 29. Monitoring, Analyzing, Troubleshooting11n • Mixed modes 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 29
- 30. Monitoring, Analyzing, Troubleshooting11n • Mixed modes • Greater throughput stresses wireless analysis solutions 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 30
- 31. Monitoring, Analyzing, Troubleshooting11n • Mixed modes • Greater throughput stresses wireless analysis solutions • New applications – it’s a platform 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 31
- 32. Multi-Channel Analysis 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 32
- 33. Wireless Roaming • Campus-widedeployments imply frequent roaming • Roaming is the cause of many wireless issues • Voice and video are especially sensitive • Roaming analysis requires detailed and accurate measurements from many perspectives 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 33
- 34. Wired and Wireless Private Access WLAN Auth Router Network Point Controller or the Server Internet Air-link Ethernet Ethernet • Security protocols and policy • Tracking wireless packets onto the • Rogue APs and clients wired network • Ad-hoc networks • QoS configuration and use • Wireless security attacks • VPN/MPLS • QoS configuration and use • Application vs. network latency • Signal strength • Dropped packets and retries 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 34
- 35. Company Overview © WildPackets, Inc. www.wildpackets.com
- 36. Corporate Background • Expertsin network monitoring, analysis, and troubleshooting ‒ Founded: 1990 / Headquarters: Walnut Creek, CA ‒ Offices throughout the US, EMEA, and APAC • Our customers are leading edge organizations ‒ Mid-market, and enterprise lines of business ‒ Financial, manufacturing, ISPs, major federal agencies, state and local governments, and universities ‒ Over 7,000 customers / 60+ countries / 80% of Fortune 1,000 • Award-winning solutions that improve network performance ‒ Internet Telephony, Network Magazine, Network Computing Awards ‒ United States Patent 5,787,253 issued July 28, 1998 • Different approach to maintaining availability of network services 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 36
- 37. Real-World Deployments Education Financial Government Health Care / Retail Telecom Technology 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 37
- 38. Product Line Overview © WildPackets, Inc. www.wildpackets.com
- 39. Product Line Overview OmniPeek/Compass Enterprise Packet Capture, Decode and Analysis • 10/100/1000 Ethernet, Wireless, WAN, 10G • Portable capture and OmniEngine console • VoIP analysis and call playback Omnipliance / TimeLine Distributed Enterprise Network Forensics • Packet capture and real-time analysis • Stream-to-disk for forensics analysis • Integrated OmniAdapter network analysis cards WatchPoint Centralized Enterprise Network Monitoring Appliance • Aggregation and graphical display of network data • WildPackets OmniEngines • NetFlow and sFlow 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 40
- 40. OmniPeek Network Analyzer •OmniEngine Manager – Connect and configure distributed OmniEngines/Omnipliances • Comprehensive dashboards present network traffic in real-time – Vital statistics and graphs display trends on network and application performance – Visual peer-map shows conversations and protocols – Intuitive drill-down for root-cause analysis of performance bottlenecks • Visual Expert diagnosis speeds problem resolution – Packet and Payload visualizers provide business-centric views • Automated analytics and problem detection 24/7 – Easily create filters, triggers, scripting, advanced alarms and alerts 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 41
- 41. Omnipliance Network Recorders • Captures and analyzes all network traffic 24x7 – Runs our OmniEngine software probe – Generates vital statistics on network and application performance – Intuitive root-cause analysis of performance bottlenecks • Expert analysis speeds problem resolution – Fault analysis, statistical analysis, and independent notification • Multiple Issue Digital Forensics – Real-time and post capture data mining for compliance and troubleshooting • Intelligent data transport – Network data analyzed locally – Detailed analysis passed to OmniPeek on demand – Summary statistics sent to WatchPoint for long term trending and reporting – Efficient use of network bandwidth • User-Extensible Platform – Plug-in architecture and SDK 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 42
- 42. Omnipliance Network Recorders Price/performancesolutions for every application Portable Edge Core Ruggedized Small Networks Datacenter Workhorse Troubleshooting Remote Offices Easily Expandable Aluminum chassis / 17” LCD 1U rack mountable chassis 3U rack mountable chassis Quad-Core Xeon 2.5GHz Quad-Core Intel Xeon Two Quad-Core Intel Xeon X3460 2.80Ghz E5530 2.4Ghz 4GB RAM 4GB RAM 6GB RAM 2 PCI-E Slots 2 PCI-E Slots 4 PCI-E Slots 2 Built-in Ethernet Ports 2 Built-in Ethernet Ports 2 Built-in Ethernet Ports 500GB and 2.5TB SATA 1TB SATA storage capacity 2TB SATA storage capacity storage capacity 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 43
- 43. TimeLine • Fastest networkrecording and real-time statistical display — simultaneously ‒ 11.7Gbps sustained capture with zero packet loss ‒ Network statistics display in TimeLine visualization format • Rapid, intuitive forensics search and retrieval ‒ Historical network traffic analysis and quick data rewinding ‒ Several pre-defined forensics search templates making searches easy and fast • A natural extension to the WildPackets product line • Turnkey bundled solution ‒ Appliance + OmniEngine, OmniAdapter, OmniPeek Connect 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 44
- 44. TimeLine For the mostdemanding network analysis tasks TimeLine 10g Network Forensics 3U rack mountable chassis Two Quad-Core Intel Xeon 5560 2.8Ghz 18GB RAM 4 PCI-E Slots 2 Built-in Ethernet Ports 8/16/32TB SATA storage capacity 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 45
- 45. WatchPoint Centralized Monitoring forDistributed Enterprise Networks • High-level, aggregated view of all network segments – Monitor per campus, per region, per country • Wide range of network data – NetFlow, sFlow, OmniFlow • Web-based, customizable network dashboards • Flexible detailed reports • Omnipliances must be configured for continuous capture 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 46
- 46. WildPackets Key Differentiators •Visual Expert Intelligence with Intuitive Drill-down – Let computer do the hard work, and return results, real-time – Packet / Payload Visualizers are faster than packet-per-packet diagnostics – Experts and analytics can be memorized and automated • Automated Capture Analytics – Filters, triggers, scripting and advanced alarming system combine to provide automated network problem detection 24x7 • Multiple Issue Network Forensics – Can be tracked by one or more people simultaneously – Real-time or post capture • User-Extensible Platform – Plug-in architecture and SDK • Aggregated Network Views and Reporting – NetFlow, sFlow, and OmniFlow 802.11n – Increased Speed, Increased Complexity © WildPackets, Inc. 47
- 47. Q&A Show us your tweets! Use today’s webinar hashtag: Follow us on SlideShare! Check out today’s slides on SlideShare #wp_80211n www.slideshare.net/wildpackets with any questions, comments, or feedback. Follow us @wildpackets © WildPackets, Inc. www.wildpackets.com
- 48. Thank You! WildPackets, Inc. 1340Treat Boulevard, Suite 500 Walnut Creek, CA 94597 (925) 937-3200 © WildPackets, Inc. www.wildpackets.com