This paper provides a high-level comparison
between LTE and WiMAX. The focus is on two primary areas: System Architecture and Physical Layer. The System Architecture describes the different functional elements in LTE and WiMAX and attempts to map similar functionality (such as mobility, security, access-gateway). We also compare and contrast the various aspects (such as transmission modes, duplexing types) of the physical layer.
Convergence of digital information has been initiated a couple decades ago. Practically, almost all networks have now been utilising Internet Protocol. However, networks, applications, and contents managements vary by the nature of service types: IMS, SDP, IPTV, etc. Should another convergence be arranged to unify the management of the entire network for optimal results?
This paper provides a high-level comparison
between LTE and WiMAX. The focus is on two primary areas: System Architecture and Physical Layer. The System Architecture describes the different functional elements in LTE and WiMAX and attempts to map similar functionality (such as mobility, security, access-gateway). We also compare and contrast the various aspects (such as transmission modes, duplexing types) of the physical layer.
Convergence of digital information has been initiated a couple decades ago. Practically, almost all networks have now been utilising Internet Protocol. However, networks, applications, and contents managements vary by the nature of service types: IMS, SDP, IPTV, etc. Should another convergence be arranged to unify the management of the entire network for optimal results?
Design and Deployment of Enterprise Wirlesss NetworksCisco Mobility
Learn everything you need to know about designing and deploying Cisco wireless networks for enterprise in this in-depth technical guide. Learn More: http://www.cisco.com/go/wireless
Determine the required delivery characteristics of a packet stream and how a Traffic Management (TM) module can offload compute-intensive tasks. Hear more about the latest innovations in both DPI & TM solutions.
UMTS Long Term Evolution, LTE, is the technology of choice for the majority of network operators worldwide for providing mobile
broadband data and high-speed internet access to their subscriber base. Due to the high commitment LTE is the innovation platform
for the wireless industry for the next decade.
This class will provide the basics of this fascinating technology. After attending this course you will have an understanding of
OFDM-principles including SC-FDMA as the transmission scheme of choice for the LTE uplink. Multiple antenna technology (MIMO),
a fundamental part of LTE, will be explained as well as its impact on the design of device and network architecture. We’ll give a quick
introduction into the evolution of this technology including future upgrades of LTE features like multimedia broadcast, location based
services and increasing bandwidth through carrier aggregation.
The second part of the course will provide an overview including practical examples and exercises on how to test a LTE-capable device
while performing standardized RF measurements such as power, signal quality, spectrum and receiver sensitivity. We’ll address how
to automate these measurements in a simple and cost-effective way. We will introduce application based testing by demonstrating
end-to-end (E2E), throughput and application testing using the Rohde & Schwarz R&S®CMW500 Wideband Radio Communication
Tester. Examples of application tests are voice over LTE, VoLTE or Video over LTE.
LTE network: How it all comes together architecture technical posterDavid Swift
Mobile network operators that want to deploy LTE now want to do so on their own terms. They want to roll out ultrafast mobile broadband safe in the knowledge that one vendor’s solution will work efficiently with another, while delivering the high level of service that subscribers expect. A standards-based network will ensure the goal is met and help drive down cost for operators, but understanding how to pull it all together can be a challenge. So how does it all come together?
Describes key network elements and interfaces of LTE architecture. The steps of LTE/EPC Attach procedure are also illustrated.
Video at: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLgQvzsPaZX_bimBc5Wu4m6-cVD4bZDav9
It’s clear that wireless networks bring a lot of benefits to the enterprise. Today, BYOD creates a lot of new opportunities, but also opens your network to new risks and vulnerabilities. With Juniper Networks extensive product portfolio, Kappa Data can offer robust and reliable wireless LAN solutions that ideally can be combined with Juniper’s SSL solutions using the new JUNOS Pulse client for mobile users.
Wireless IoT connections fall into two low-power camps: local area and wide area. Historically the two have not overlapped but advances in networking technologies make it possible for wide area technologies to perform the same functions as local area technologies with no additional cost or feature "sacrifice".
Athens IT Professionals Meetup discussing Network Layers and Protocols. Brandon Checketts walks through academic understanding of the 7-layer OSI Model, with sample packet captures of some common network communications.
RADWIN 5000 HPMP levererar trådlös kommunikation på 200 Mbit/s per sektor och är avsedd för situationer som kräver höga prestanda och som kan leverera garanterad bandbredd till användare. Radiolänken har full duplex kommunikation och ethernetanslutning.
Design and Deployment of Enterprise Wirlesss NetworksCisco Mobility
Learn everything you need to know about designing and deploying Cisco wireless networks for enterprise in this in-depth technical guide. Learn More: http://www.cisco.com/go/wireless
Determine the required delivery characteristics of a packet stream and how a Traffic Management (TM) module can offload compute-intensive tasks. Hear more about the latest innovations in both DPI & TM solutions.
UMTS Long Term Evolution, LTE, is the technology of choice for the majority of network operators worldwide for providing mobile
broadband data and high-speed internet access to their subscriber base. Due to the high commitment LTE is the innovation platform
for the wireless industry for the next decade.
This class will provide the basics of this fascinating technology. After attending this course you will have an understanding of
OFDM-principles including SC-FDMA as the transmission scheme of choice for the LTE uplink. Multiple antenna technology (MIMO),
a fundamental part of LTE, will be explained as well as its impact on the design of device and network architecture. We’ll give a quick
introduction into the evolution of this technology including future upgrades of LTE features like multimedia broadcast, location based
services and increasing bandwidth through carrier aggregation.
The second part of the course will provide an overview including practical examples and exercises on how to test a LTE-capable device
while performing standardized RF measurements such as power, signal quality, spectrum and receiver sensitivity. We’ll address how
to automate these measurements in a simple and cost-effective way. We will introduce application based testing by demonstrating
end-to-end (E2E), throughput and application testing using the Rohde & Schwarz R&S®CMW500 Wideband Radio Communication
Tester. Examples of application tests are voice over LTE, VoLTE or Video over LTE.
LTE network: How it all comes together architecture technical posterDavid Swift
Mobile network operators that want to deploy LTE now want to do so on their own terms. They want to roll out ultrafast mobile broadband safe in the knowledge that one vendor’s solution will work efficiently with another, while delivering the high level of service that subscribers expect. A standards-based network will ensure the goal is met and help drive down cost for operators, but understanding how to pull it all together can be a challenge. So how does it all come together?
Describes key network elements and interfaces of LTE architecture. The steps of LTE/EPC Attach procedure are also illustrated.
Video at: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLgQvzsPaZX_bimBc5Wu4m6-cVD4bZDav9
It’s clear that wireless networks bring a lot of benefits to the enterprise. Today, BYOD creates a lot of new opportunities, but also opens your network to new risks and vulnerabilities. With Juniper Networks extensive product portfolio, Kappa Data can offer robust and reliable wireless LAN solutions that ideally can be combined with Juniper’s SSL solutions using the new JUNOS Pulse client for mobile users.
Wireless IoT connections fall into two low-power camps: local area and wide area. Historically the two have not overlapped but advances in networking technologies make it possible for wide area technologies to perform the same functions as local area technologies with no additional cost or feature "sacrifice".
Athens IT Professionals Meetup discussing Network Layers and Protocols. Brandon Checketts walks through academic understanding of the 7-layer OSI Model, with sample packet captures of some common network communications.
RADWIN 5000 HPMP levererar trådlös kommunikation på 200 Mbit/s per sektor och är avsedd för situationer som kräver höga prestanda och som kan leverera garanterad bandbredd till användare. Radiolänken har full duplex kommunikation och ethernetanslutning.
This presentation briefly describes the Wi-Fi 6 Technology or the latest wi-fi: IEEE802.11ax which I have used at IIT Madras to present and explain my course work(reading assignment). here I have covered all the problems, solutions, and benefits of wi-fi 6, how Wi-Fi evolved, standards, security, advantages, and innovations.
3. • Original fixed wireless broadband air Interface for 10 – 66 GHz, Line-of-sight only, Point-to-Point applications
802.16
(Dec 2001)
• Extension for 2-11 GHz
• Non-LOS, Point-to-Multi-
802.16c Point applications such as
802.16a “last mile” access & B/H
(2002)
(Jan 2003)
802.16 amendment • Published as 802.16 –
for Line of Sight, 2004, replacing earlier
Point to Point backhaul revisions
using spectrum 802.16d • Fixed & Portable
applications 2 – 6 GHz
between 10 - 66 GHz (Q3 2004) • HIPERMAN compatibility
• Mobility to highway
speeds in licensed bands
from 2-6 GHz
802.16e • Roaming within &
(Q4 2005) between service areas
• WiBRO Compatibility
3
4. Improved Performance
Much Greater Distances
Much Better MAC
NLOS Ability (Non line of sight)
4
5. Broadband Internet Access
Voip , IPTV services
Cellular Phones
5
6. IEEE 802.16 (2001)
Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access System MAC and PHY Specifications for
10 – 66 GHZ (LoS)
One PHY: Single Carrier
Connection-oriented, TDM/TDMA MAC, QoS, Privacy
IEEE 802.16a (January 2003)
Amendment to 802.16, MAC Modifications and Additional PHY Specifications for 2 – 11
GHz (NLoS)
Three PHYs: OFDM, OFDMA, Single Carrier
Additional MAC functions: OFDM and OFDMA PHY support, Mesh topology support, ARQ
IEEE 802.16d (July 2004)
Combines both IEEE 802.16 and 802.16a
Some modifications to the MAC and PHY
IEEE 802.16e (2005)
Amendment to 802.16-2004
MAC Modifications for limited mobility
6
7. Coverage range up to 50km and speeds up to 70Mbps (shared among users)
7
9. High Data
Rate
All IP –
Based
Mobility
Network
Architecture
WiMax
Features
OFDM
QoS based air
interface
Deployment
flexibility
(System
Profiles)
9
10. The duplex scheme is Usually specified by regulatory
bodies, e.g., FCC
Time-Division Duplex (TDD)
Downlink & Uplink time share the same RF channel
Dynamic asymmetry
does not transmit & receive simultaneously (low cost)
Frequency-Division Duplex (FDD)
Downlink & Uplink on separate RF channels
Full Duplexing (FDX): can Tx and Rx simultaneously;
Half-duplexing (HDX) SSs supported (low cost)
10
11. DL UL
DL UL MAP MAP
MAP MAP
DOWNLINK
UPLINK
frame
Broadcast Half Duplex Terminal #1
Full Duplex Capable User Half Duplex Terminal #2
11
12. WiMax Forum Board Denotation Purpose
SPWG Service provider working To influence ongoing
group standardization
AWG Application working group To uniquely enrich the system
application network
NWG Network working group Responsible for everything
beyond the PHY and MAC
TWG Technical working group To provide inter operatibility
between MS’s/SS’s and BS’s
CWG Certification working group Issues related to certification
RWG Regulatory working group To provide globally spectrum
MWG Marketing working group Promotion of WiMax forum
12
13. ASN V-CSN H-CSN
AAA AAA
HA HA
ASN
BS ROUTER ROUTER
-GW
IMS or IMS or
BS similar
DHCP similar DHCP
PST N
Internet
13
14. Base Station (BS)
Place from where signals
are broadcasted
It cover up to 10 Km, it can
reach up to 50 Km if
geographical area supports
14
15. ASN-GW (ASN Gateway)
Supports connection management
Mobility across cell sites
Inter service provider network boundary through
processing of subscriber control and bearer data
traffic
Serves as the Extensible Authentication Protocol
(EAP), authenticator for subscriber identity and
acts as radius client to the operator’s AAA servers
15
16. AAA
Authentication, Authorization, Accounting
Home Network Service Provider (H-NSP)
▪ Provides backbone for ISP, most web users uses to
access internet and ISP connects to Internet Exchange
Session accounting for subscriber sessions
16
17. Home Agent
Provides efficient and scalable mechanism for
mobility within the network
Provides temporary IP address to visiting client
17
18. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Computer networking protocol use by hosts (DHCP
clients) to retrieve IP address assignments and other
configuration information
Uses client server architecture
▪ Client sends a broadcast request for configuration information
▪ DHCP server receives the request and responds with configuration
information from its configuration database
18
19. IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)
Provides the foundation for developing and
delivering rich multimedia services and
applications
Service Delivery Platforms allow you to expose
application programming interfaces (APIs) for all
network infrastructure components
Aid the access of multimedia and voice
application i.e., create a form of fixed mobile
convergence
19
23. Frequency of all the subcarrier of must be an
integer multiple of lowest subcarrier
frequency
Capable of multi carrier transmission
Supports high speed devices still being
bandwidth efficient
Adjacent subcarrier must be orthogonal
23
25. EAP Msgs
BS EAP-
MAC-Ctrl ASN-Ctrl XYZ
MAC- Msgs MAC- ASN-Ctrl ASN-Ctrl DlA/Radius DlA/Radius
Msgs
CPS Basic CPS
ClD UDP UDP UDP UDP
Prim Mgmt
IP IP IP IP
ClD
MAC- MAC- Layer-2 Layer-2 Layer-2 Layer-2
SS SS
802.16 802.16 Layer-1 Layer-1 Layer-1 Layer-1
ASN-
R1 R6 GW R3
BS AAA
MS
25
26. Each SS has 3 management connections in each direction:
Basic Connection:
▪ short and time-urgent MAC management messages
▪ MAC mgmt messages as MAC PDU payloads
Primary Management connection:
▪ longer and more delay tolerant MAC mgmt messages
▪ MAC mgmt messages as MAC PDU payloads
Secondary Management Connection:
▪ Standard based mgmt messages, e.g., DHCP, SNMP, …etc
▪ IP packets based CS PDU as MAC PDU payload
26
27. IP Address
Assignment
Simple IP Mobile IP
Proxy MIP
Client MIP
27
29. Normal mode
Power
Consumption
Initial data
transfer
29
30. Sleep Mode
Power
Consumption
Initial data
transfer
30
31. Idle Mode
Power
Consumption
Initial data
transfer
31
32. WiMax
Traffic
classes
UGS RT-VR NRT-VR BE ERT-VR
32
33. UGS
Unsolicitated Grant Service
Fixed rate traffic
You can’t request new more bandwidth once the
connection is setup
33
34. RT-VR
Real time variable rate service
Variable rate of traffic allows to change the
allocated burst sizes
Rescheduling of bandwidth in any frame is
possible
34
35. NRT-VR
Non real time variable rate service
Reservation of some guaranteed rate is
mandatory
Delay in sensitive
35
36. BE
Best effort service
Only the maximum data rate is defined
Bandwidth depends on the resources in the cell at
a given time
36
37. ERT-VR
Extended real time variable rate service
According to data rate, rescheduling of the
bandwidth is possible
37
38. Unsolicited
Grant
Interval
Maximum
Minimum
Traffic
reserved
sustain
traffic rate
traffic rate
Tolerated QoS Maximum
Jitter latency
Profile
Unsolicited
Traffic
polling
priority
interval
Maximum
traffic
burst
38
39. Handover
Types
Hard Soft
Handover Handover
FBSS (Fast
Break Before Make Before
Regular BS
Make Break
Switching)
39
40. Authentication
For authentication X.509 certificate at the
subscriber station
Privacy and Key Management (PKM) provides
service provider authentication
IEEE 802.16e supports the Extensible
Authentication Protocol (Optional for service
providers)
40
41. Encryption
The AES cipher is available, provides strong
support to confidentiality of data traffic
Management frames are not encrypted
41
42. Three potential attacks open to adversaries,
Rogue base station
DoS attacks
Man in middle attacks
Network manipulation with spoofed management
frames
42
44. The Opportunity in India
Population: 1.15 Billion people
India’s Tele-density
- Overall: 31%
Rural: 8.8%
Urban: 65%
Broadband: 0.4%
Internet: 4%
500 Million phone connections by
year 2010
High GDP Growth-8%
Increased Income of middle class
(300M)
PC Penetration: 2%
44
45. The Opportunity in India-Growth Pattern
Growth of Telephone Connections
Wireline Wireless Total
400
No. of Connections (in Millions)
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Jan-08 Feb-08 Mar-08 Apr-08 May-08 Jun-08 Jul-08 Aug-08
Jan 2008 -Aug
2008
45
46. USD
0.05
0.15
0.25
0.1
0.2
0
Belgium
0.23
Italy
0.22
UK
0.19
France 0.17
Brazil
0.16
Philippines
0.11
Taiwan
0.11
Argentina
0.11
Malayasia
0.09
Hong Kong
0.05
Thailand
0.05
Pakistan
0.04
China
0.03
India
0.02
46
47. India WiMAX Environment
Deployment in 3.3-3.4 Ghz band only
Most of the deployment are of proprietory
technology or 802.16 d version
BSNL has already deployed WiMax ‘802.16 d’
version equipment in ten cities
VSNL,Reliance and few other operators/ISPs have
also deployed WiMAX systems mainly for enterprise
customers
47
48. Challenges
WiMAX 802.16 e technology is still
evolving.
High WiMAX CPE cost
Competitive/Alternate technologies-
3G,HSDPA,LTE, EVDO etc
Low PC Penetration
Less-availability of A.C. power in rural
areas
48